CN103493706A - Organic rice production method - Google Patents
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Abstract
An organic rice production method comprises the following steps that a, previous preparation is conducted; b, rice seedlings are raised; c, an organic soil field is ploughed; d, rice seedling transplantation and water and fertilizer management after transplantation are conducted; e, rice is harvested. The organic rice production method solves the problems that as for organic rice production in the south, rice yields are low, and plant diseases and insect pests are serious, enriches profit chains of organic rice production, directly promotes development of the organic rice and soil fertility improvement to the organic production rice field of our country, and has wide application space in organic agricultural production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture of organic rice method.
Background technology
China is one of maximum in the world rice production and consumption state.China approximately has 60% above population to take rice as staple food.Therefore, yield of brown rice is the major issue that is related to national food safety always.Since reform and opening-up, in order to realize China's foodgrain self-sufficiency, support ever-increasing population, we have used the chemical agricultural supplies such as a large amount of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and weed killer herbicide in the Rice Production process, the use of these agricultural supplies has been made indelible contribution to improving China's rice yield, has also brought the problems such as cultivated-land decline, soil acidification, body eutrophication.Simultaneously, due to industrialized fast development in recent decades, by product in process of industrialization, discarded object and the exploitation of predation formula, agriculture production environment and soil have been produced to huge harm, these pollutions directly cause the unfavorable one-tenth separating/enriching in food agricultural produce, thereby cause health to be subject to direct or indirect infringement.Along with the transformation of social progress and people's life idea, people also start to change to the pursuit of clothing, food, shelter, row.Therefore, rice product quality and safe condition are also the significant problems that China people pay close attention to the most, are also the people's livelihood problems that the Chinese government pays close attention to the most.
Along with the goal that " 18 is large " " builds up well-off society " comprehensively, organic rice production has become the trend of social development, is also the active demand that people's living standard promotes.Life green, ecological, organic, environmental protection will be that following people " well-off society " live, and agricultural product necessary, green, ecological, organic, environmental protection will be also consumer's an urgent demands.Therefore, the production of organic food will become the inevitable direction of China's food production, and organic rice more has huge market and productive potential.Simultaneously, the production of development organic rice is also the important measures that improve farmers' income.Due to reasons such as the production interior quality of common agricultural and quality, and be difficult to meet the masses for healthy needs, the price of common agricultural was always low in the last few years, became one of main factor that affect the farmers' income raising.Therefore, increase farmers' income, just must improve agricultural product price, and will improve agricultural product price, just must tap the latent power from the agricultural product interior quality.Therefore, increase kind of rice peasant's a income, bring into play the enthusiasm that they plant rice, just must improve the price of rice, the development manufacture of organic rice is the effective measures that improve rice price, thereby increases substantially farmers' income.Therefore; organic paddy rice is the developing direction of Rice Production from now on; implement paddy rice productions that organises, to guarantee the people healthy, preserve the ecological environment, promote the Quality Safety of agricultural sustainable development, raising China rice and improve its aspect tool such as competitiveness in international market to be of great significance.
Organic farming is the tidemark of world agriculture development.Current, global market for Organic Foods just, with 20% to 30% speed increment, according to estimates, reaches 80,000,000,000 dollars in 2010.China has become the fourth-largest organic food consumption big country, and organic food is expected to account for the l% of whole Chinese food market～1.5%.International market for Organic Foods will meet or exceed 5% to the demand of Organic Food in China, and China's organic food has huge development space in international market.Therefore, China's development organic paddy rice has huge prospect.
Do not use artificial synthetic fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, growth regulator and domestic animal feed additive in the manufacture of organic rice process fully, do not adopt technique for gene engineering and product thereof, it take soil as basis, supplement soil fertility with material recycle in system, utilize physics, artificial, agricultural, biology and crude and method to control Crops Pests Control of Diseases Insects And Weeds Pests of Crops; The utility rate of luminous energy and the soil fertility availability that utilize shift of crops, intercropping, mix up, the cropping system such as covering improve field ecosystem; The pattern of utilizing plant husbandry, aquaculture and processing industry to combine improves agricultural ecosystem productivity ratio; Organic farming is more focused on the harmonious and sustainable development of society, economy and ecotope, more focuses on food security, ecological protection and kind treatment animal etc.Manufacture of organic rice should be followed healthy principle and ecological principle, based on being operated on the effective ecosystem and benign cycle basis, and simulates these ecosystem circulations and is kept.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provides a kind of Chinese milk vetch stalk and straw of utilizing to carry out the fertilizing soil fertility for the deficiencies in the prior art, the fertilizers such as cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pig manure, cow dung, Zha, natural pond, natural pond liquid of take supplement as main fertilizer source the nutrient that paddy rice needs, utilize frog and light trap control rice pest, manufacture of organic rice method with frog and artificial control weeds, make manufacture of organic rice maintain sustainability and the output that increases Organic Farming Rice Fields, and the manufacture of organic rice method of extensive use in manufacture of organic rice practice at home and abroad.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of manufacture of organic rice method, comprise the steps:
A, early-stage preparations:
Select the organic soil field, the plantation Chinese milk vetch is gathered in Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds before rice transplanting;
B, seedling:
The processing of rice paddy seed being basked seeds and sorted seed by salt water at seedling planting, then, with quicklime seed soaking sterilization, sow front animal wastes of using fermentation in 5～7 days and makees base fertilizer, employing watery ricenursery mode, and light seeding is even to be broadcast, and control rice seedlings length of time was at 21～28 days;
C, arrangement organic soil field:
Rice seedling is transplanted and the Chinese milk vetch stalk was turned over and macerates in first 7～15 days, rice seedling is transplanted first 1～2 day, organic soil Tanaka is used to animal wastes, natural pond slag and colza cake by fermentation by fermentation, and maintain the field water degree of depth 3～5cm left and right, finally excavate frog and perch ditch;
Water and fertilizer management after d, rice seedling are transplanted and transplanted:
Transplanting time according to different rice varieties is transplanted, place the tadpole seedling after rice transplanting, during rice tillering is contained, poured water and carried out natural pond liquid irrigation simultaneously, when the field seedling is counted to 25～280,000/mu, reach the plan spike number 90% the time dig trenches to drain the water away, start to take the light mode dry field shone of heavy dew, keep in ditch having water simultaneously.
E, paddy rice harvesting:
At rice maturity, stayed the high stubble results of 45-55cm, after having gathered in the crops, the straw in field is evenly scattered; The sowing of next batch of Chinese milk vetch is carried out in preparation, and results organic rice grain is stored and sold.
In described step b, use 500～1000 kg/acres of the animal wastes of fermentation.
In described step c, it is that, in the soil of first the Chinese milk vetch stalk being turned over, the rear maintenance field area water of turning over is no more than 1cm and macerates 5～14 days that the Chinese milk vetch stalk is turned over to the concrete steps of macerating.
In described step c, organic soil Tanaka is used to 1500 kg/acres of animal wastes by fermentation, use 1000 kg/acres of natural pond slags, use 100～200 kg/acres of colza cakes by fermentation.
When rice seedling, take during at 20～28 age in days carrying seedling throwing method to transplant, within after rice seedling throwing the 3rd day, place 5000～10000/mu of tadpole seedling.
The irrigation volume that natural pond liquid is irrigated is 5～10m
3/ mu.
Described step c excavation frog perches ditch and is specially and digs the dark 50cm of wide 50cm " well " or " field " shape ditch in field, and the ditch area accounts for rice field area 10%.
Farmyard manure in step b and step c be pig manure or/and cow dung or/and human excrement.
In any step in steps d, all can set up purse seine and a day net at step a, concrete steps are as follows:
Set up purse seine and day net according to mound, organic soil field piece, the purse seine pillar of one high 60～80cm is set every 5～8m on ridge, be with the net that aperture is 8～10mm on the purse seine pillar, the organic soil field is surrounded to the space of 10～15 mu of a plurality of surrounding sealings, simultaneously in each space formed by a plurality of days net supports and cover net on day net support by each space above sealing, it net support arranges every 5～8m, and it net support is high is 1.8～2.0m.
Set up a light trap every 10～15m along purse seine on purse seine pillar or day net support in each described space.
Adopt said method, the present invention has following advantage:
1, the present invention has overcome in conventional manufacture of organic rice, and traditional manufacture of organic rice is because Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field can not meet the nutritional need of paddy rice normal growth fully, so its output is quite low, and organic paddy rice output only has 200～250 kg/acres usually.The collaborative green manure effect of having utilized straw resource and Chinese milk vetch of the present invention, regulated paddy soil organic input thing C/N ratio.Simultaneously, the present invention takes full advantage of pig manure, cow dung and biogas residue and biogas liquid the like waste resource, and maximum possible is according to material recycle utilization in paddy ecosystem, and to improve the organic paddy rice yield level, organic paddy rice output of the present invention can reach 350～450 kg/acres.
2, to have overcome traditional organic rice Production Gain chain single in the present invention, the shortcomings such as the manufacture of organic rice added value is low, replace natural enemy with frog, by increasing frog quantity, not only can reduce the extensive probability of happening of damage by disease and insect such as plant hopper, weevil and weeds, can produce the output that organic frog can increase substantially Organic Farming Rice Fields, be conducive to improve the rice field net profit, enrich the income chain of Organic Farming Rice Fields.
3, the present invention combines Chinese milk vetch plantation and utilizes technology, straw incorporation technology, poultry manure organise technology and frog cultural technique, utilize and plant Chinese milk vetch and the collaborative fertilizing soil of straw utilization winter slack, utilize poultry manures such as pig manure, cow dung etc. to provide the high-efficiency environment friendly source of manure for paddy rice, utilize frog prevention and elimination of disease and pests and artificial removal weeds, for guaranteeing organic paddy soil sustainable use and increasing organic rice output, provide the feasibility method.
In sum, the present invention will solve southern organic rice produce in the not high and serious problem of damage by disease and insect of rice yield, enriched the income chain of manufacture of organic rice, soil fertility to China's organic paddy rice development and organic production rice field promotes the effect of having played direct promotion, and space is widely used in organic farming is produced.
Embodiment
Below further describe the embodiment of this patent.
1, land for growing field crops is selected
When selecting land for growing field crops, require the suitable organic production of land for growing field crops environment, and row irrigation is more convenient, and the plot, land for growing field crops naturally isolated with other plot, land for growing field crops.
2, field soil organic transformation, the usual method that is converted into the foundation of organic farming base here:
Current, agricultural land soil is all inorganic soils, build into organic paddy rice production base, need to convert inorganic soil to organic soil, and the transition period needs 2～3 years usually.Therefore, need adopt a series of measures to consume the inorganic nutrients in paddy soil, make paddy soil become organic soil.Before manufacture of organic rice, plant continuously Chinese milk vetch 2～3 years in conjunction with straw incorporation, do not use the artificial synthetic additive such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, weed killer herbicide simultaneously.
3, the high-grade rice kind is selected
, agriculture fragrant with beautiful pin perfume, No. 17, the late Xian in Hunan, beautiful post is fragrant 18, No. 12, Huang Huazhan and Hunan Xian in evening be for promoting mainly kind.Take the conventional method presoaking and germinating.
4, seedling
Carrying out the rice paddy seed processing before sowing, is mainly to bask seeds and sort seed by salt water, and then with 1% quicklime seed soaking, sterilizes, and avoids germ is brought into to land for growing field crops.Sow first 5～7 days and arrange rice seedling bed, and use 500-1000 kg/acres of dung polluted waters and make base fertilizer, adopt watery ricenursery mode (the watery ricenursery mode here adopts traditional watery ricenursery mode), accomplish that light seeding is even to broadcast, cultivate strong sprout, grain quality rice seedling age general control is about 25 days.
5, land for growing field crops arranges
First 7～15 days of rice transplanting is turned over the bright grass of Chinese milk vetch in soil, and embedded depth 10～20cm, turn over rear maintenance field area water and be no more than 1cm.And dig the dark 50cm of wide 50cm " well " or " field " shape ditch in field, and for frog, to perch, the ditch area accounts for rice field area 10%.First 1～2 day of rice transplanting, use 1500 kg/acres of the farmyard manures such as pig manure, cow dung, uses 1000 kg/acres of natural pond slags, uses 100～200 kg/acres of the colza cakes that become thoroughly decomposed, maintains the field water degree of depth 3～5cm left and right after application of organic fertilizers.
6, set up purse seine and day net
In order to prevent that frog from escaping and natural enemy is eaten as snake, yellow weasel etc., need set up purse seine, simultaneously, need to set up a sky net and prevent that natural enemy from swallowing frog as bird etc.Need set up purse seine and day net by mound, rice field piece.While setting up purse seine, make a call to the stub of high a 60～80cm every 5～8m mu as the purse seine pillar, prevent that strong wind from blowing down purse seine.Be advisable with 8～10mm in the purse seine aperture, every purse seine region area is advisable with 10～15 mu.While setting up the sky net, make a call to every 5～8m the stub that a height is 1.8～2.0m left and right and make support, day screen distance is advisable with the 15mm left and right, and the sky net covers purse seine.
7, light trap setting
Set up a light trap every 10～15m according to the purse seine post along purse seine.According to a day net post, every 15～20m, set up a light trap in land for growing field crops central authorities.
8, the water and fertilizer management after rice transplanting
Rice transplanting is taked carrying seedling throwing method usually.The Sheng of the tillering phase (tiller and contain latter 10～20 days of index futures transplanting), to be poured water and carried out natural pond liquid irrigation simultaneously, irrigation volume is 5～10m
3/ mu.When the field seedling is counted to 25～280,000/mu; reach the plan spike number 90% the time dig trenches to drain the water away; heavy dew gently shines (the light generic term of shining for the agricultural the inside of heavy dew; specific explanations can be with reference to as follows: keep face water place, high fields lower than 0.5cm; there is checking on dry field to field ditch limit), open micro-spliting open with rice field and be advisable, and keep in ditch having water with the protection natural enemy; after booting stage, guarantee to keep thin water layer under the not soft prerequisite in surface, rice field as far as possible.
9, frog cultivation
Cultivate tadpole and seedling March.Late May, after rice transplanting the 3rd day, place 5000～10000/mu of tadpole seedling.Early October is gathered in the crops frog after gathering in the crops paddy rice, and reserves seed for planting and survive the winter.
10, control of weeds
Adopt frog to trample the method weeding combined with uprooting weed, the later stage is carried out artificial uprooting weed 2～3 times, mid-June, mid-July for the second time for the first time.Depending on the weeds in paddy field situation, for the third time in mid-August.
11, damage by disease and insect prevention and control
Mid or late July and mid-August, with Lime Sulphur To Control rice sheath blight disease and rice blast.
At the beginning of early August, at striped rice borer moth appearance initial stage application striped rice borer sex attractant, two every mu, be loaded on the basin that fills washing powder solution, exceed 20 centimetres of rice plants and be advisable.
Early and middle ten days, when the insects such as rice field plant hopper and weevil occur, increased the frog injected volume and preyed on the insects such as plant hopper and weevil September.
Embodiment:
Carry out in the rice field that the present invention selects south to meet the manufacture of organic rice environmental requirement.Take high yield Chinese milk vetch planting technology and straw to utilize technology to coordinate fertilizing soil.Utilize and hold drain ditch season in winter slack successfully, guarantee that draining is convenient, to prevent water-logging, ponding or accumulated water, affect the Chinese milk vetch growth.After beginning of spring next year simultaneously, build frog and prevent escaping net, comprise purse seine and a day net, purse seine aperture 8～10mm, day screen distance 15mm left and right.Select to sow suitable period paddy rice, usually, in generally sowing about April 20, generally transplant or rice transplanting at the beginning of at the end of May to 6 month.Open " well " or " field " shape in the organic water rice field, for perching of frog growth, furrow width is generally 50cm, dark 50cm, and the gross area of ditch accounts for 10% of land for growing field crops area.Choose the high-grade rice kind as beautiful pin perfume, No. 17, the late Xian in Hunan, beautiful post are fragrant, No. 12, fragrant 18, the Huang Huazhan of agriculture and Hunan Xian in evening etc.Sow first 5～7 days and arrange rice seedling bed.500-1000 kilograms of the dung polluted waters of take are base fertilizer, adopt the method for traditional watery ricenursery, and light seeding is even to be broadcast, and cultivate strong sprout.First 7～15 days of rice transplanting is turned over the bright grass of Chinese milk vetch in soil, and embedded depth 10～20cm, turn over rear maintenance field area water and be no more than 1cm.Transplant and within first 2～3 days, use the fertilizers such as pig manure, cow dung, biogas residue and biogas liquid and cake-shaped rape seed dregs.Simultaneously, arrange or excavate frog and perch ditch.Set up a light trap every 10～15 meters according to the purse seine post along purse seine.According to a day net post, every 15～20 meters, set up a light trap in land for growing field crops central authorities.Cultivate tadpole and seedling March.Late May, after field is put in order, place 5000～10000/mu of tadpole childrens.Adopt frog to trample the method weeding combined with uprooting weed, the later stage is carried out artificial uprooting weed 2～3 times, and about June 15, July, l5 was about day for the second time for the first time.Depending on the weeds in paddy field situation, for the third time at l0 about day in August.In mid or late July and mid-August, with Lime Sulphur To Control rice sheath blight disease and rice blast.At the beginning of early August, with striped rice borer sex attractant control striped rice borer moth appearance.Early and middle ten days, when the insects such as rice field plant hopper and weevil occur, increased the frog injected volume and preyed on the insects such as plant hopper and weevil September.
Claims (10)
1. a manufacture of organic rice method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, early-stage preparations:
Select the organic soil field, the plantation Chinese milk vetch is gathered in Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds before rice transplanting;
B, seedling:
The processing of rice paddy seed being basked seeds and sorted seed by salt water at seedling planting, then quicklime seed soaking sterilization, sow front animal wastes of using fermentation in 5～7 days and makees base fertilizer, employing watery ricenursery mode, and control rice seedlings length of time was at 21～28 days;
C, arrangement organic soil field:
Rice seedling is transplanted and the Chinese milk vetch stalk was turned over and macerates in first 7～15 days, rice seedling is transplanted first 1～2 day, organic soil Tanaka is used to animal wastes, natural pond slag and colza cake by fermentation by fermentation, and maintain the field water degree of depth 3～5cm left and right, finally excavate frog and perch ditch;
Water and fertilizer management after d, rice seedling are transplanted and transplanted:
Transplanting time according to different rice varieties is transplanted, place the tadpole seedling after rice transplanting, during rice tillering is contained, poured water and carried out natural pond liquid irrigation simultaneously, when the field seedling is counted to 25～280,000/mu, reach the plan spike number 90% the time dig trenches to drain the water away, start to take the light mode dry field shone of heavy dew, keep in ditch having water simultaneously;
E, paddy rice harvesting:
At rice maturity, stayed the high stubble results of 45-55cm, after having gathered in the crops, the straw in field is evenly scattered, prepare to carry out the sowing of next batch of Chinese milk vetch, and results organic rice grain is stored and sold.
2. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step b, uses 500～1000 kg/acres of the animal wastes of fermentation.
3. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step c, it is that, in the soil of first the Chinese milk vetch stalk being turned over, the rear maintenance field area water of turning over is no more than 1cm and macerates 5～14 days that the Chinese milk vetch stalk is turned over to the concrete steps of macerating.
4. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step c, organic soil Tanaka is used to 1500 kg/acres of animal wastes by fermentation, use 1000 kg/acres of natural pond slags, use 100～200 kg/acres of colza cakes by fermentation.
5. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described steps d, when rice seedling, takes during at 20～28 age in days carrying seedling throwing method to transplant, and within after rice seedling throwing the 3rd day, places 5000～10000/mu of tadpole seedling.
6. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described steps d, the irrigation volume that natural pond liquid is irrigated is 5～10m
3/ mu.
7. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step c excavation frog perches ditch and is specially and digs the dark 50cm of wide 50cm " well " or " field " shape ditch in field, and the ditch area accounts for rice field area 10%.
8. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the farmyard manure in step b and step c be pig manure or/and cow dung or/and human excrement.
9. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, at step a, in any step in steps d, all can set up purse seine and a day net, and concrete steps are as follows:
Set up purse seine and day net according to mound, organic soil field piece, the purse seine pillar of one high 60～80cm is set every 5～8m on ridge, be with the net that aperture is 8～10mm on the purse seine pillar, the organic soil field is surrounded to the space of 10～15 mu of a plurality of surrounding sealings, simultaneously in each space formed again by a plurality of days net supports and cover net on day net support by each space above sealing, it net support arranges every 5～8m, and it net support is high is 1.8～2.0m.
10. manufacture of organic rice method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, in each described space, along purse seine, every 10～15m, on purse seine pillar or day net support, sets up a light trap.
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