CN103484125B - A kind of soil improvement agent and the modification method for heavy metal lead pollution soil - Google Patents
A kind of soil improvement agent and the modification method for heavy metal lead pollution soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103484125B CN103484125B CN201310477113.6A CN201310477113A CN103484125B CN 103484125 B CN103484125 B CN 103484125B CN 201310477113 A CN201310477113 A CN 201310477113A CN 103484125 B CN103484125 B CN 103484125B
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Abstract
Soil improvement agent and the modification method for heavy metal lead pollution soil, relate to a kind of soil improvement agent.Soil improvement agent is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, and at 400 DEG C, the elementary composition of starvation pyrolysis 30min gained is C, H, N, K, P, Mg, Ca, Si and O.Described soil improvement agent adopts following methods preparation: by bamboo shoot shell cleaning, drying, pulverize in rear loading pyrolysis oven, starvation pyrolysis 20 ~ 40min at 380 ~ 420 DEG C, biomass bamboo shoot shell obtains solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal through super-dry, pre-charing, charing.Modification method is as follows: by soil improvement agent with 2.5% ~ 10% massfraction be added in heavy metal lead pollution soil, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, moisture loss is prevented with plastic film covering, and a gas port is opened at interval of 5cm place on film, add water the moisture supplementing and scatter and disappear for every 2 ~ 3 days, take out air-dry after cultivating, obtain improvement soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil improvement agent, especially relate to a kind of soil improvement agent and the modification method for heavy metal lead pollution soil.
Background technology
Soil is that earth surface has fertility, can allow the loose surface layer of plant-growth, is most important, the most basic, the irreplaceable natural resourcess of the mankind.Along with the development of national economy and industrial technology, the heavy metal contaminants in industrial and mining enterprises' waste water and dregs, oil, agricultural chemicals constantly enters edatope, causes part to plough and is subject to heavy metal contamination.Heavy metal in soil exceeds standard and can have a strong impact on the Quality and yield of crop, and can be absorbed by crops, enters human body by food chain; In addition, heavy metal in soil also enters underground water by water cycle, enters human body by tap water.Because the discharge effect of human body heavy metal is more weak, eat for a long time or drink contaminated by heavy metals Food and water, the enrichment of heavy metal in human body can be caused, serious harm HUMAN HEALTH.
The heavy metal contamination of soil is polluted compared to other, as Organic pollutants, has the feature of himself.First, only can there is the transformation of existing forms in heavy metal in soil, and can not natural degradation, also can not by the microbial decomposition in soil, and the transfer ability of heavy metal in edatope is poor, can exist for a long time in soil.As heavy metal lead is very large to the harm of environment, more easily absorbed by crops relative to other heavy metals in soil, and residual in plant materials, toxic action is produced to plant materials, and human body can be entered by food chain, long at human body intrinsic incubation, and be difficult to discharge.In recent years, Lead contamination has report to during human health infringement event, and as children blood lead exceeds standard event etc., therefore, the improvement of lead pollution of soil is faced with stern challenge.At present, the restorative procedure of heavy metal lead pollution soil comprises drip-rinsing process, phytoremediation and electro reclamation method.Drip-rinsing process workload is large, and cost is high, easily causes secondary pollution; Phytoremediation is with low cost, but repairing efficiency is longer, and repairing effect is limited, is also a difficult problem for the plant treatment after repairing; Electro reclamation method cost is high, complicated operation, and engineering is huge, is not suitable for large area repair.Be referred to as fixation method by the charcoal reduction transport property of Lead In Soil and the method for biological effectiveness, the method is simple to operate, with low cost, respond well, achieve utilization of waste material, and physics, the chemistry and biology performance of soil can be improved preferably, there is the double benefit of economy and environment.
China is topmost product bamboo and Chan Sun state in the world, has abundant bamboo shoot shell resource.At present, the treatment process of bamboo shoot shell is for burning or directly abandon, and not only pollutes the waste that environment also result in resource.People start to seek bamboo shoot shell Application way comparatively efficiently, as CN101851122A discloses a kind of technique utilizing bamboo shoot shell to prepare fertilizer; CN102125067A discloses a kind of method utilizing waste bamboo shell to prepare bamboo shoot shell feed.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of soil improvement agent.
Another object of the present invention aims to provide the modification method of described soil improvement agent for heavy metal lead pollution soil.
Described soil improvement agent is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, and its elementary composition of starvation pyrolysis 30min gained at 400 DEG C is C67.17%, H3.885%, N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%, Mg0.26%, Ca0.28%, Si0.25%, O23.443%.
Described soil improvement agent adopts following methods preparation: by bamboo shoot shell cleaning, drying, pulverize in rear loading pyrolysis oven, starvation pyrolysis 20 ~ 40min at 380 ~ 420 DEG C, biomass bamboo shoot shell obtains solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, i.e. soil improvement agent through super-dry, pre-charing, charing.
The modification method that described soil improvement agent is used for heavy metal lead pollution soil is as follows:
By soil improvement agent with 2.5% ~ 10% massfraction be added in heavy metal lead pollution soil, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, moisture loss is prevented with plastic film covering, and open at interval of 5cm place the gas port that a size is 1mm × 1mm on film, keep ventilating with air, within every 2 ~ 3 days, add water supplement scatter and disappear moisture, cultivate take out after 30 days air-dry, obtain improvement soil.
Soil improvement agent provided by the present invention and the modification method using it for heavy metal lead pollution soil have the following advantages:
1. the soil improvement agent heavy metal lead ion obtained with biomass pyrolytic has absorption and fixed action, effectively can reduce the effective concentration of the lead adsorbed by crop, prevents plumbous from soil to the migration of crop, reduces the murder by poisoning of heavy metal lead to crop.Experiment shows, be mixed in soil by this solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal with 5% mass ratio, cultivate after one month, soil can reach more than 90mg/g to the saturated extent of adsorption of lead, is greatly improved relative to the soil not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal.
2. the soil improvement agent that biomass pyrolytic obtains has certain pore texture and adsorptive power, significantly can improve the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil, containing elements such as the necessary nitrogen of plant-growth, phosphorus, potassium in solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, can be soil and certain fertility is provided, through ultimate analysis and energy spectrum analysis, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that at 400 DEG C, pyrolysis 30min obtains contains N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%.
3. the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal density that obtains of biomass pyrolytic is little, short texture, and adding soil obviously can reduce the soil weight, increases soil pores, is conducive to the growth of root system of plant and the growth of Soil Microorganism.
4. the improvement of solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal to soil that biomass pyrolytic obtains is the fixing of carbon, by carbon sequestration in soil, effectively reduces the discharge of GHG carbon dioxide, significant to slowing down climate warming.
5. pyrolysis plant and the method for producing solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal are simple, raw material sources are extensive, cheap and easy to get, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal obtained after pyrolysis can impose in the heavy metal lead pollution soil needing improvement nearby, soil can be improved, the Utilizing question of agricultural wastes can be solved again, there is good economic benefit and environmental benefit, really achieve the doulbe-sides' victory of economy and environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that at 400 DEG C, bamboo shoot shell pyrolysis 30min obtains.
Fig. 2 to be solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction be after 5% cultivation soil is to different concns Pb
2+adsorption curve.In figure, X-coordinate is Pb
2+starting point concentration (mmol/L), ordinate zou is Pb
2+adsorptive capacity (mg/g).
Fig. 3 adds the change curve that different mass mark solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivates the rear soil weight.In figure, X-coordinate is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction (%), and ordinate zou is the soil weight (g/cm
3).
Fig. 4 cultivates rear soil water-retaining effect change curve for adding different mass mark solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal.In figure, X-coordinate is the time (d), and ordinate zou is soil moisture content (mg/g), and curve is followed successively by the water-retaining capacity curve that charcoal massfraction is 10%, 7.5%, 5%, 2.5%, 0% culture soil from top to bottom.
Fig. 5 is that 0.5g adds the rear soil of different mass mark solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation to Pb
2+adsorptive capacity change curve.In figure, X-coordinate is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction (%), and ordinate zou is Pb
2+adsorptive capacity (mg/g).
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Collect bamboo shoot shell in bamboo shoot source mill, rinsed to be placed in 100 DEG C of baking ovens by bamboo shoot shell and dry, pulverize and be placed in quartz boat, put into tubular type pyrolysis oven, nitrogen rapid purging 2min first used by pyrolysis oven, and rear maintenance air-flow is about 1.2L/min.Pyrolytical condition is set to from room temperature to 400 DEG C, and temperature rise rate is 5 DEG C/min, and keeps 30min at 400 DEG C, naturally cools to room temperature afterwards, and pyrolysis residual solid component is all considered as solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, and yield is 38.90%.Can see from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Fig. 1, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal obtained has good hole, in conjunction with ultimate analysis and energy spectrum analysis, recording it elementary composition is C67.17%, H3.885%, N3.102%, K1.20%, P0.41%, Mg0.26%, Ca0.28%, Si0.25%, O23.443%.
The improved experimental method of applying solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal heavy metal lead pollution of soil is: the bamboo shoot shell base charcoal that pyrolysis is obtained and soil in mass ratio 1: 19 ratio mix, stir evenly, be placed in polyethylene cup, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, moisture loss is prevented with film seal, and on film, open the gas port that a size is 1mm × 1mm, keep ventilating with air, within every 3 days, weigh once, supplement scatter and disappear moisture, cultivate take out after 30 days air-dry.Get the adsorption by soil 25ml of 0.5g aforesaid method cultivation, the Pb of 2mmol/L
2+solution, be placed in shaking table in 25 DEG C, shake 1h under 120r/min after leave standstill 1 day, after 0.22 μm of filtering with microporous membrane, use FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution.(see figure 2) as calculated, the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil containing massfraction 5% that 0.5g aforesaid method is cultivated is to Pb in the lead ion solution of 2mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 20.72mg/g, lead ion clearance is 99.93%, illustrate containing solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal massfraction be 5% soil to lead ion, there is good adsorption, effectively can reduce the effective concentration of crop utilization lead ion in soil.Meanwhile, the soil weight adding 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil decreases drastically (see figure 3), and water retention improves obvious (see figure 4).The soil weight adding 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation is 0.6532g/cm
3, compared to the soil weight 0.9516g/cm not adding charcoal
3, the soil weight added after 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal is cultivated have dropped 45.68%.The soil saturation water regain of adding 5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation is 1019mg/g, and placing water content after 7 days under natural condition is 381mg/g; Meanwhile, the soil saturation water regain of not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal is 727mg/g, and placing under natural condition 7 days is 208mg/g afterwards.Illustrate after adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, effectively can improve hardening property and the water-retentivity of soil.
Embodiment 2
With the experimental technique of embodiment 1, adopt the Pb of different concns respectively
2+solution, evaluates the adsorptive power of the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil heavy metal lead containing massfraction 5%.Experimental result is (see figure 2) as calculated, and 0.5g contains the solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal soil of massfraction 5% to Pb in the lead ion solution of 4mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 41.44mg/g, lead ion clearance is 99.91%; To Pb in the lead ion solution of 6mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 61.68mg/g, lead ion clearance is 99.22%; To Pb in the lead ion solution of 8mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 82.64mg/g, lead ion clearance is 97.11%; To Pb in the lead ion solution of 10mmol/L
2+adsorptive capacity be 96.06mg/g, lead ion clearance is 92.73%.
Embodiment 3
The solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal obtained by bamboo shoot shell pyrolysis 30min at 400 DEG C is added in soil with massfraction 2.5%, cultivates after 30 days, air-dry.Record add massfraction 2.5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal after the soil weight be 0.7648g/cm
3, with 0.9516g/cm when not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal
3the soil weight is compared and be have dropped 19.63%, and the decline of the soil weight illustrates that the ventilative water permeability of soil obtains improvement (see Fig. 3, Fig. 4).The pH value of soil increases 0.28, illustrates that adding bamboo shoot shell base charcoal can improve soil acidity.The soil 0.5g getting above-mentioned cultivation adsorbs the Pb of 25ml10mmol/L
2+solution, uses FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry after absorption) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution, result is (see figure 5) as calculated, and adding massfraction is that the rear soil of bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation of 2.5% is to the Pb of 25ml10mmol/L
2+pb in solution
2+loading capacity be 92.50mg/g.
Embodiment 4
The solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal obtained by bamboo shoot shell pyrolysis 30min at 400 DEG C is added in soil with massfraction 7.5%, cultivates after 30 days, air-dry.Record add massfraction 7.5% solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal after the soil weight be 0.5660g/cm
3, with 0.9516g/cm when not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal
3compare the soil weight and have dropped 40.52%, the decline of the soil weight illustrates that the ventilative water permeability of soil obtains improvement.The pH value of soil increases 0.58, illustrates that adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal can improve soil acidity preferably.Get the Pb that above-mentioned culture soil 0.5g adsorbs 25ml10mmol/L
2+solution, uses FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry after absorption) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution, result is (see figure 5) as calculated, and adding massfraction is that the rear soil of solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation of 7.5% is to the Pb of 25ml10mmol/L
2+pb in solution
2+loading capacity be 100.34mg/g.
Embodiment 5
The solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal obtained by bamboo shoot shell pyrolysis 30min at 400 DEG C is added in soil with massfraction 10%, cultivates after 30 days, air-dry.Recording its soil weight is 0.5237g/cm
3, with 0.9516g/cm when not adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal
3compare the soil weight and have dropped 44.97%, the decline of the soil weight illustrates that the ventilative water permeability of soil obtains improvement.The pH value of soil increases 0.69, illustrates that adding solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal can improve soil acidity preferably.Get the Pb that above-mentioned culture soil 0.5g adsorbs 25ml10mmol/L
2+solution, uses FAAS(flame atomic absorption spectrometry after absorption) measure remaining plumbum ion concentration in solution, result is (see figure 5) as calculated, and adding massfraction is that the rear soil of solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal cultivation of 10% is to the Pb of 25ml10mmol/L
2+pb in solution
2+loading capacity be 103.60mg/g.
Claims (3)
1. soil improvement agent, it is characterized in that for solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, its elementary composition of starvation pyrolysis 30min gained at 400 DEG C is C 67.17%, H 3.885%, N 3.102%, K 1.20%, P 0.41%, Mg 0.26%, Ca 0.28%, Si 0.25%, O 23.443%.
2. the preparation method of soil improvement agent as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that bamboo shoot shell cleaning, drying, pulverize in rear loading pyrolysis oven, starvation pyrolysis 30min at 400 DEG C, biomass bamboo shoot shell obtains solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, i.e. soil improvement agent through super-dry, pre-charing, charing.
3. soil improvement agent is used for the modification method of heavy metal lead pollution soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that by soil improvement agent with 2.5% ~ 10% massfraction be added in heavy metal lead pollution soil, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, moisture loss is prevented with plastic film covering, and open at interval of 5cm place the gas port that a size is 1mm × 1mm on film, keep ventilating with air, add water the moisture supplementing and scatter and disappear for every 2 ~ 3 days, cultivate take out after 30 days air-dry, obtain improve soil.
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| CN105883753A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江科技学院 | Preparation method and application of bamboo shoot shell biochar |
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