CN105400519A - Method for rapidly remedying farmland with heavy metals in fallow period by using modifier - Google Patents
Method for rapidly remedying farmland with heavy metals in fallow period by using modifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN105400519A CN105400519A CN201510741337.2A CN201510741337A CN105400519A CN 105400519 A CN105400519 A CN 105400519A CN 201510741337 A CN201510741337 A CN 201510741337A CN 105400519 A CN105400519 A CN 105400519A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of polluted soil regeneration, and provides a method for rapidly remedying farmland with heavy metals in the fallow period by using a modifier. The modifier comprises charcoal and red mud, and the content of charcoal is 40-75%. As the modifier provided by the invention is mainly used in the fallow period, the method has the characteristics of high speed and remarkable remediation effects; and by adding the modifier provided by the invention into the soil polluted by heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), the heavy metal pollution can be remarkably inhibited, meanwhile the nutrients of the soil can be increased, and the polluted soil can be greatly remedied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of contaminated soil renewal, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing industry and agricultural solid waste to carry out soil renewal.
Background technology
Along with the increase of population pressure, falling sharply of quantity of cultivated land, farmland soil fertility is also worsened.At present, China farmland is perplexed greatly in the face of two: first, 80% farmland is in the excess load cultivation condition (state of namely " working day and night ") not stopping throughout the year to plough, as the wheat one along the line of the other one so as to plough deeper corn in the north, and the farming behaviors such as the southern triple cropping of rice; Secondly, farmland is by the impact of heavy industry metallic pollution, and if As, Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb etc. are common farmland pollution heavy metals, heavy metal contamination can cause crop yield, Quality Down, and by food chain migration by human consumption, and then harm humans is healthy.In a word, " working day and night " state and heavy metal pollution problem had both increased the direct results such as disturbed soil number of times, quality is thicker, fertility falls sharply, and produced grave danger again to widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, agricultural-food food safety and agricultural environment risk.How to recover soil fertility and control the emphasis that heavy metal-polluted soil Transport And Transformation becomes scientist's research.
Soil improvement agent (soilmodifier) controls one of heavy metal contamination, the means improving agricultural productive force.Modifying agent have promote the formation of soil granular, improve Soil structure, fixed table soil, the effect such as soil protection arable layer and fixing heavy metal.Therefore, high-quality modifying agent is found to effectively improveing rapidly agricultural land soil environmental aspect, promoting that crop safety healthy growth is significant.Fourth to be reached the clouds etc. and has been probed into impact (" ecotope " 2006 of the modifying agents such as lime, calcium superphosphate and organism on rice yield and heavy metal adsorption, 15 (6): 1204-1208) result shows, lime+calcium superphosphate process pH value improves 0.09 unit than contrast, and inhibits heavy metal to move to aboveground vegetation part.Zhang Qing etc. adopt pot experiment, have studied liming, organic matter, sepiolite transform and the impact (" agro-environment science journal " 2006,25 (4): 861-865) of pH value heavy metals formation in soil.Result shows, lime, sepiolite and organic heavy metal metamorphosis have impact.
The waste residue that red mud (Red-mud) produces in process of production for aluminum oxide, except the alkali brought into liquid in process of production, its solids chemical property is basicly stable, toxicological harmless, according to country " non-ferrous metals industry solid waste pollution control criterion " (GB5058-1985), red mud belongs to general solid slag.China is the fourth-largest alumina producing state in the world, and according to statistics, within 2004, China's red mud quantity discharged is more than 5,500,000 t, often produces 1t aluminum oxide and about discharges 1.0 ~ 1.5t red mud.Red mud has because of it reparation that certain basicity and stronger adsorptive power can be used for wastewater treatment and heavy-metal contaminated soil.But red mud is except being rich in Element Potassium, other nutrient-deficient, Soil structural properties is poor, is unfavorable for plant-growth.For many years, more research report is also had to add other improvement composition assisting red muds for improveing heavy-metal contaminated soil planting plants, auxiliary improvement composition mainly phosphogypsum, urea, the chemical fertilizer etc. added both at home and abroad.Improve the shortcoming of red mud nutrient deficiency by adding auxiliary improvement composition, and then realize the recycling of heavy-metal contaminated soil.But selected auxiliary improvement composition phosphogypsum, urea, chemical fertilizer etc. derive from mining or commercial synthesis.A large amount of interpolation these auxiliary be modified to branch to environment, soil physical chemistry structure also can change, and is finally unfavorable for Planting Crops.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the weak point of this area, propose a kind of modifying agent and repair the method for the phase of lying fallow containing heavy metal farmland fast.
The concrete technical scheme realizing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is:
The method of the phase of lying fallow containing heavy metal farmland repaired fast by modifying agent, and described modifying agent is charcoal and red mud, described charcoal carbon containing 40 ~ 75%.
Red mud is the main component of this modifying agent, its function improves soil pH value, reduce the validity of Lead In Soil (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and then control the absorption of farm crop to plumbous (Pb), cadmium (Cd), meanwhile, for crop growth improves growth elements potassium (K).
Charcoal is bio-organic materials (also referred to as the biomass) solid product in anaerobic or low-oxygen environment after Low Temperature Thermal cracking, wherein based on elements such as C, N, P, H, usual carbon containing 40% ~ 75%, containing mineral substance and volatile organic compound, in addition, the unit weight of charcoal is far below red mud and contaminated soil.Therefore, charcoal is added in soil to can to make up red mud repairing polluted soil long-term cropping be lack the plant-growth element such as C, N, P, H and solve red mud particle diameter little, increase the soil weight, be unfavorable for the problem that root system of plant is breathed.
Wherein, described charcoal is one or more charcoals fired in great Jiang stalk, maize straw, straw, rice husk, and the temperature fired is 400 ~ 800 DEG C (firing under high temperature environment, without nitrogen protection when firing).
Preferably, described charcoal is the charcoal that great Jiang stalk is fired, and the temperature fired is 500 ~ 600 DEG C, and the time of firing is 2.5 ~ 3.5 hours.
Wherein, described red mud is the waste residue that alumina producing is discharged, and described red mud is red mud from sintering process and/or Bayer process red mud, in red mud, organic content is 0.2 ~ 2%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 5 ~ 12mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 1 ~ 4mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 1500 ~ 3000mg/kg.
Further, before described red mud adds in soil, first dry and levigate, mistake 20 mesh sieves (namely getting the particle of less than 840 microns).
Described comprises step to the phase of lying fallow containing the method for the quick reparation in heavy metal farmland with charcoal and red mud:
1) containing the farmland of heavy metal when lying fallow the phase, according to different proportionings, red mud and charcoal are added to by heavy metal (Pb, Cd) contaminated soil, stir;
2) sprinkle water to occurring open fire in the soil stirred;
3) maintenance 30d under physical environment, keeps soil humidity between preserving period.
Wherein, the described heavy metal contained by the soil of heavy metal contamination comprises lead and cadmium, in the leaded 10 ~ 200mg/kg of effective lead, in effective cadmium containing cadmium 0.1 ~ 5mg/kg.
Further, the pH value of the described soil by heavy metal contamination is 5.5 ~ 7.0.
Wherein, soil water-containing 15 ~ 20% is kept between preserving period.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Because modifying agent mentioned in the present invention is mainly used in the phase of lying fallow, therefore have that speed is fast, the obvious feature of repairing effect;
By testing at Rice Cropping ground plumbous (Pb), cadmium (Cd) heavy-metal contaminated soil, the modifying agent prepared by the present invention is added in soil, heavy metal contamination is obviously suppressed, and improves soil nutrient simultaneously, and contaminated soil significantly improves.
Embodiment
Following examples further illustrate content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples just for illustration of the present invention, instead of are used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Red mud in embodiment provides for Central Region Jiaozhuo branch office of Aluminum company limited.Red mud composition is in table 1.
Table 1 red mud nutrient analysis
* according to the related standards of the Second National overall survey of soil, category of soil is evaluated.
Embodiment 1
In embodiment, institute's charcoal is the charcoal fired with great Jiang stalk (taking from Weifang, Shandong).Firing temperature 500 DEG C, the time is 3 hours (not needing nitrogen protection).This charcoal is the solid product of bio-organic materials in anaerobic or low-oxygen environment after thermo-cracking, wherein based on elements such as C, N, P, H, and carbon containing 65%.
The Bayer process red mud that red mud provides for Central Region Jiaozhuo branch office of Aluminum company limited.Drying and levigate, with 20 mesh sieves screenings.
In August, 2015-September, in laboratory, implement technical scheme as follows:
For examination soil: Rice Cropping ground in Liuyang, Changsha, Hunan gathers the farming operation layer soil (0-20cm) polluted by heavy metal (Pb, Cd).Table 2 is the basic physical and chemical of soil, can find out this soil pH ≈ 6, is slant acidity Red Stone Ware, and in soil, the content of the available state of Pb, Cd is higher is various heavy contaminated soil.From soil nutrient situation analysis gained, soil fertility is not high, not enough to the fertilizer supply capacity of paddy rice.
Table 2 soil physico-chemical property
Test design: Rice Cropping ground in Liuyang, Changsha, Hunan gathers the farming operation layer soil (0-20cm) polluted by heavy metal (Pb, Cd).The soil gathered is through natural air drying, and removing chad, the foreign matters such as root system of plant, after mixing, load in glass beaker by every part of about 1.5kg.The present embodiment arranges 2 parallel tests, adds red mud (see table 3) in 10% ratio of soil weight.On August 15th, 2015 completes process; On September 16th, 2015 completes sample collection, process, for test analysis.
The step of process is as follows:
1) according to different proportionings, red mud and charcoal are added to by heavy metal (Pb, Cd) contaminated soil, stir;
2) sprinkle water to occurring open fire in the soil stirred;
3) maintenance 30d under physical environment, period need keep soil humidity solid-to-liquid ratio about 15 ~ 20%.。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment arranges 2 parallel tests, adds charcoal (see table 3) in 5% ratio of soil weight.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment arranges 2 parallel tests, and 10% ratio adding charcoal and soil weight in 5% ratio of soil weight adds red mud (see table 3).
Arrange blank test, the step of blank test is as follows simultaneously:
1) soil same with embodiment 1 is got,
2) sprinkle water to occurring open fire in the soil stirred;
3) maintenance 30d under physical environment, the humidity of period maintenance soil, water content about 15 ~ 20%.
Process tested by table 3
Analytical test: gather each beaker soil after 30d, crosses 0.149mm sieve after natural air drying, mixing respectively, for subsequent use.For analyzing soil nutrient (organism, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium) and heavy metal (Pb, Cd) available state.The process that all analytical procedures carry out sample according to the method provided in " soil agrochemistry analytical procedure " (press of Hohai University 2000) detects.
Result of study shows as table 4, and after adopting embodiment 1 ~ 3 technical measures, soil indices all makes moderate progress, and with regard to net effect, the effect of technical measures C3 of the present invention is particularly outstanding.Finally make CC process soil pH value be increased to 9.72 from 6.17, improve 3.55 units; The soil organism is increased to 9.16% from 3.78%, improves nearly 2.5 times; The available state of lead, cadmium is respectively from 53.57mgkg
-1, 2.24mgkg
-1be reduced to 23.04mgkg
-1, 0.57mgkg
-1, reduction amplitude reaches 57%, 74.55% respectively.Although the contaminated soil added after the soil improvement agent of the present invention's raising does not thoroughly eliminate heavy metal contamination, but the method has made heavy-metal contaminated soil be improved preferably, therefore, the present invention still has good popularizing application prospect, can provide effective science support and theoretical foundation for the safety in production of heavy metal lead, Cd-polluted farmland.
Table 4 soil pH value and soil Cd species content
Note: embody rule needs to analyze according to the particular case of polluted soil, thus make rational collocation.Proportioning selected by this experiment is the proportioning made with soil pollution and serious conditions thereof, only as the effect observation of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.
Although describe the present invention in detail with most preferred embodiment above, those skilled in the art should know, under the prerequisite not departing from inventive concept and spirit, any improvement make the present invention and modification, still belong within the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (9)
1. repair the method for the phase of lying fallow containing heavy metal farmland fast with modifying agent, it is characterized in that, described modifying agent is charcoal and red mud, described charcoal carbon containing 40 ~ 75%.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described charcoal for one or more charcoals fired in great Jiang stalk, maize straw, straw, rice husk, the temperature fired be 400 ~ 800 DEG C.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described charcoal is the charcoal that great Jiang stalk is fired, and the temperature fired is 500 ~ 600 DEG C, and the time of firing is 2.5 ~ 3.5 hours.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described red mud is the waste residue that alumina producing is discharged, described red mud is red mud from sintering process and/or Bayer process red mud, in red mud, organic content is 0.2 ~ 2%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 5 ~ 12mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 1 ~ 4mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 1500 ~ 3000mg/kg.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before described red mud adds in soil, first dry and levigate, mistake 20 mesh sieves.
6. according to the arbitrary described method of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, with charcoal and red mud, the quick reparation in heavy metal farmland is contained to the phase of lying fallow, comprise step
1) containing the farmland of heavy metal when lying fallow the phase, according to different proportionings, red mud and charcoal are added in the soil by heavy metal contamination, stir;
2) sprinkle water to occurring open fire in the soil stirred;
3) maintenance 30d under physical environment, keeps soil humidity between preserving period.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the described heavy metal contained by the soil of heavy metal contamination comprises lead and cadmium, in the leaded 10 ~ 200mg/kg of effective lead, in effective cadmium containing cadmium 0.1 ~ 5mg/kg.
8. the method according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, the pH value of the described soil by heavy metal contamination is 5.5 ~ 7.0.
9. the method according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, keeps soil water-containing 15 ~ 20% between preserving period.
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Cited By (17)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105950154A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-09-21 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | Passivator for treating Cd/Pb-polluted soil and polluted soil in-situ restoration method by using passivator |
| CN105950153A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-09-21 | 湖南省环境保护科学研究院 | Composite stabilizer for contaminated soil and method for treating contaminated soil by virtue of composite stabilizer |
| CN106010546A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-12 | 四川省地质调查院 | Passivant for treating heavy metal cadmium in acidic farmland soil as well as preparation and use methods of passivant |
| CN106034660A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 泸西白云山农业开发有限公司 | Panax notoginseng cultivating method |
| CN106675568A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-17 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Passivator for repairing compound heavy metal polluted farmland and preparation and application thereof |
| CN106734129A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-31 | 胡自田 | A kind of sulfide modifier maize straw soil remediation conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN108130108A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-08 | 湖南玖恪土壤与环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method for reducing stalk and preparing cadmium volatilization during charcoal |
| CN109604331A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-12 | 佛山科学技术学院 | The method for reducing Regional field arsenic pollution |
| CN109622595A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-16 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of method that charcoal repairs heavy metals in farmland pollution |
| CN110214654A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-10 | 常德振邦米业有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice planting method of heavy metal free pollution |
| CN112760098A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-07 | 江苏省环境工程技术有限公司 | Novel repairing agent for heavy metal and organic matter combined contaminated soil |
| CN113072951A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 郑州大学 | Composite biochar, preparation method thereof and ecological restoration method for industrial solid waste |
| CN113617820A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-09 | 东华大学 | Passivation method and application of heavy metals in red mud |
| CN113667482A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-19 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Carbon-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN115092984A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Solid waste base particle material for water phosphorus enrichment and soil heavy metal passivation, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117625199A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-03-01 | 广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心 | Non-ferrous metal mining area soil solidification stabilization restoration agent and application method thereof |
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| CN108130108A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-08 | 湖南玖恪土壤与环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method for reducing stalk and preparing cadmium volatilization during charcoal |
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| CN114196408B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-04-19 | 重庆工商大学 | Arsenic-polluted farmland stabilizer, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115092984A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Solid waste base particle material for water phosphorus enrichment and soil heavy metal passivation, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117625199A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-03-01 | 广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心 | Non-ferrous metal mining area soil solidification stabilization restoration agent and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160316 |