CN103472933A - Portable hand input device and method based on microphones - Google Patents
Portable hand input device and method based on microphones Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A portable hand input device and method based on microphones is applicable to the fields of man-machine interaction, character input, multimedia education and the like. The three microphones are used for receiving ultrasonic signals emitted by a hand writing pen, a single cycle sine wave cross-correlation filtering algorithm is adopted to restrain sound signal interference lower than 20 KHz, in an ultrasonic signal buffering area subjected to relevant filter processing, a peak value change maximum value is used as an ultrasonic wave arriving judging criterion, ultrasonic transit time is calculated through a straight line fitting method, locating of an electronic pen is achieved, and the portable hand input device is used for man-machine interaction, educational informationization and character input.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of portable handwriting input device and method based on microphone, be specifically related to a kind of employing microphone and receive ultrasonic signal, utilize the ultrasound wave location technology to realize portable handwriting input device and the method for writing pencil location.
Background technology
Existing hand input device generally needs special circuit, special material or ad hoc structure, and such as handwriting pad, touch-screen etc., size is relatively large, is inconvenient to carry.The traditional handwriting input media mainly adopts the technology such as electromagnetic induction, infrared scan, pressure sensitivity, digital vision, ultrasound wave location, hand input device based on technology such as electromagnetic induction, infrared scan, pressure sensitivity, need fixedly there is special circuit, special material or ad hoc structure, be difficult to apply in portable handwriting input device.Image scanning technology based on digital vision, algorithm is complicated, positioning precision is low, affected by environment large, uses inconvenience.Chinese patent " portable handwriting input device " (application number 200910301802.5) discloses a kind of portable handwriting input device, utilize camera picked-up handwriting, send computer to, realize the input of handwriting, this device just will absorb person's handwriting in the mode of picture, can not extract separately person's handwriting, be unfavorable for preserving and transmission.Ultrasound wave location belongs to wireless location technology, launches ultrasonic signal on writing pencil, and receiver utilizes a plurality of receiving sensor received ultrasonic signals, obtains the coordinate of writing pencil according to the ultrasonic signal received, and realizes that location to writing pencil is as followed the tracks of.The ultrasound wave location technology has the advantages such as noncontact, positioning precision is high, scope is large, without special circuit and certain material, is the optimization technique of portable handwriting input device.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the present invention adopts the ultrasound wave location technology, a kind of portable handwriting input device based on microphone is disclosed, adopt 3 microphone received ultrasonic signals, by A/D converter image data storage, utilize sinusoidal wave cross correlation filter algorithm of monocycle to suppress to disturb lower than the voice signal of 20KHz, in the ultrasonic signal buffer zone after correlation filtering is processed, search obtains the peak point of ultrasonic signal, calculate adjacent periods peak change value, take the peak change maximal value as ultrasound wave arrival basis for estimation, obtain the delay inequality of relative reference microphone, location and the tracking of realization to electronic pen, for man-machine interaction, IT application in education sector, the word input provides a kind of portable handwriting input device and method.
The invention provides the portable handwriting input device based on microphone, comprise lettering pen and receiver two parts.
(1) receiver
Comprise three ultrasound wave receiving cables, power supply, microprocessor, storer and temperature sensors.Each ultrasound wave receiving cable includes microphone, amplifying circuit, gain adjustment circuit, A/D converter.
Microphone adopts electret condenser microphone or silicon microphone, for received ultrasonic signal.
Amplifying circuit adopts the single supply low noise operational amplifier, and the signal that microphone is exported is amplified and filtering.
Gain adjustment circuit, according to receiving the signal amplitude size, is controlled the adjustment realized the amplifying circuit gain by microprocessor, guarantee in whole working range, and the amplitude of ultrasonic that inputs to A/D converter changes little.
A/D converter carries out analog to digital conversion to the ultrasonic signal of input, adopts independent A/D conversion chip, the A/D converter that also can adopt microprocessor internal to carry.
Microprocessor adopts DSP, ARM, FPGA or High Performance SCM.
Power supply can adopt powered battery or 220V Alternating Current Power Supply, needs to produce 5V power supply and the required supply voltage of microprocessor, as 3.3V, and 1.8V etc.
The ultrasonic signal that memory stores gathers, capacity is determined according to the distance of emitter and reception and treating apparatus and the sampling rate of setting.
Temperature sensor adopts digital or analog temperature sensor, and for the surveying work environment temperature, receiver calculates ultrasonic propagation velocity according to system temperature, avoids the impact of temperature variation on positioning precision.
(2) writing pencil
Comprise ultrasound-driven circuit, ultrasound emission sensor, processor 1 (MCU1), power supply and button.
Ultrasonic drive circuit adopts pulse transformer to drive, the ultrasonic pulse width is half of ultrasonic signal cycle, the ultrasound emission sensor is capacitance type transducers, with transformer secondary output, forms shunt-resonant circuit, requires the inductance of transformer secondary output and the electric capacity of sonac to meet condition of resonance.
The ultrasound wave emission sensor adopts PVDF (PVDF:polyvinylidene difluoride, Kynoar) piezoelectric film sensor, is designed to cylindrical shape, can 360 degree levels launch, and guarantees writing pencil horizontal omnidirectional emission ultrasonic signal.
Main ultrasonic pulse signal and the timing signal of producing of processor 1, adopt low pin, low performance single-chip microcomputer.
Power supply provides power supply for writing pencil, adopts single-unit AA battery or AAA battery, also can adopt rechargeable battery, with booster circuit, produces the 5V direct supply to other circuit supplies.
Button comprises key, lower key and nib button, and upper key and lower key be the analog mouse right and left key respectively, and the nib key is for starting writing function.The differentiation of keypress function is passed through launched hyperacoustic cycle difference and is distinguished.
The invention provides a kind of portable stylus localization method, comprising:
(1) microprocessor is controlled A/D converter continuous acquisition ultrasound data, sets the ultrasound data storage space, and described ultrasound data is stored in described ultrasound data storage space;
(2) utilize monocycle sinusoidal wave data and the ultrasound data storage space of storage to do monocycle related operation (correlation filtering), suppress the interference of the following voice signal of 20KHz;
(3) search in the ultrasound data storage space in step (1), obtain the maximal value of ultrasonic signal, in peaked front, 10 cycles and 10 of back ultrasound wave find the peak point in each ultrasound wave cycle in the cycle, and set numerical value and its address at the ultrasound data storage space that the peak point storage space is stored each peak point;
(4) calculate each ultrasound wave cycle front and back peak amplitude changing value in the peak point storage space in step (3), and set peak change value storage space, store each ultrasound wave cycle peak value changing value and its address at the ultrasound data storage space;
(5) in the peak change value storage space in step (4), search obtains the peak-peak changing value;
(6) direction increased to memory address from the ultrasound data memory location of peak-peak changing value is searched in order, obtains first zero crossing, and former and later two ultrasound datas that close on described first zero crossing most;
(7) numerical value of described former and later two ultrasound datas that step 6 obtained and memory address calculate ultrasound wave with line fitting method and arrive accurately constantly;
(8) arrive the due in of three microphones according to the ultrasound wave of writing pencil emission, set one of them for reference microphone, the ultrasonic signal that calculates the writing pencil emission arrives two other microphone and the mistiming that arrives reference microphone, utilize the TDOA method, realize the location of lettering pen.
The invention has the advantages that: adopt the microphone received ultrasonic signal, receiving angle is large, and cost is low, and signal bandwidth is wide; Utilize the monocycle correlation filtering to reduce calculated amount, the peak change maximal value of take is extracted hyperacoustic reaching constantly as ultrasound wave arrives basis for estimation, and positioning precision is high.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the receiver schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the acceptor circuit theory diagram
Fig. 3 is the writing pen structure schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the writing pencil schematic block circuit diagram
Fig. 5 is that ultrasound wave receives signal waveform
Fig. 6 is the monocycle sinusoidal waveform
Fig. 7 is signal contrast before and after cross correlation filter
Fig. 8 is ultrasound wave due in detection waveform figure
Fig. 9 is that due in calculates schematic diagram
Figure 10 is writing pencil location schematic diagram
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind ofly based on the microphone portable handwriting input device, mainly comprise writing pencil and receiver two parts.
(1) receiver
Acceptor device is equidistantly installed 3 microphones, and between adjacent two microphones, distance is d, as shown in Figure 1.Microphone adopts electret condenser microphone or silicon microphone, considers the portability of acceptor device, selects the microphone of small size or paster encapsulation.
The receiver internal circuit comprises three ultrasound wave receiving cables, power supply 2, microprocessor 2, storer and temperature sensor.Each ultrasound wave receiving cable includes microphone, ultrasonic amplifying circuit, gain adjustment circuit, A/D converter, as shown in Figure 2.
In Fig. 2, MIC1, MIC2, MIC3 are microphone, adopt electret condenser microphone or silicon microphone, for received ultrasonic signal.
In Fig. 2, ultrasonic amplifying circuit 1, ultrasonic amplifying circuit 2 and ultrasonic amplifying circuit 3 amplify respectively the ultrasonic signal that MIC1, MIC2 and tri-microphones of MIC3 receive, and possess and amplify and filter action, adopt the single supply low noise operational amplifier.
In Fig. 2, gain control circuit 1, gain adjustment circuit 2 and gain adjustment circuit 3 are respectively used to adjust the gain of ultrasonic amplifying circuit 1, ultrasonic amplifying circuit 2 and ultrasonic amplifying circuit 3, microprocessor 2 is according to each channel receiving signal amplitude size, produce the gain control signal of the ultrasonic amplifying circuit of each passage, guarantee in whole working range, the amplitude of ultrasonic that inputs to A/D converter changes little.
In Fig. 2, AD1, AD2 and AD3 are respectively the A/D change-over circuit of three passages, ultrasonic signal to input carries out analog to digital conversion, can adopt independent A/D conversion chip, the A/D converter that also can adopt microprocessor internal to carry, carry out figure place and the sampling rate of A/D converter and select according to the accuracy requirement of system.
The ultrasonic signal that memory stores gathers, capacity is determined according to the distance of emitter and reception and treating apparatus and the sampling rate of setting.
Temperature sensor adopts digital or analog temperature sensor, and for the surveying work environment temperature, receiver calculates ultrasonic propagation velocity according to system temperature, avoids the impact of temperature variation on positioning precision.
(2) writing pencil
Fig. 3 is the writing pencil schematic appearance, mainly comprises housing, button, nib, ultrasonic transmitter, internal circuit etc.
Ultrasonic transmitter adopts the PVDF piezoelectric film sensor, is designed to cylindrical shape, can 360 degree levels launch, and guarantees writing pencil horizontal direction theaomni-directional transmission ultrasonic signal.
Internal circuit comprises ultrasound-driven circuit, ultrasound emission sensor, microprocessor 1 (MCU1), power supply and button.
The ultrasound-driven circuit adopts pulse transformer to drive, the ultrasonic pulse width is half of ultrasonic signal cycle, ultrasonic transmitter is capacitance type transducers, with transformer secondary output, forms shunt-resonant circuit, requires the inductance of transformer secondary output and the electric capacity of sonac to meet condition of resonance.
Main ultrasonic pulsative signal and the timing signal of producing of microprocessor 1, adopt low pin, low performance single-chip microcomputer.
Power supply provides power supply for writing pencil, adopts single-unit AA battery or AAA battery, also can adopt rechargeable battery, with booster circuit, produces the 5V direct supply to other circuit supplies.
Button comprises key, lower key and nib button, and upper key and lower key be the analog mouse right and left key respectively, and the nib key is for starting writing function.The differentiation of keypress function is passed through launched hyperacoustic cycle difference and is distinguished.
The invention provides a kind of writing pencil method for ultrasonic locating, embodiment is as follows:
(1) ultrasonic signal the storage of microprocessor 2 continuous acquisition writing pencil emissions, storage space is Buf, the ultrasound wave typical waveform that microphone receives is as shown in Figure 5.
(2) utilize the ultrasound data that the monocycle is sinusoidal wave and Buf is interior to do short-term correlation computing (correlation filtering), as shown in Figure 6, the related operation result still leaves in Buf the waveform of monocycle sine wave, and before and after related operation, signal waveform as shown in Figure 7.
(3) search in Buf, find the peak point in each ultrasound wave cycle, as shown in Figure 8, mean with " o " in Fig. 8, and open up storage space B
peakstore numerical value and its address at the Buf storage space of each peak point.While carrying out the operation of this step, consider the existence of noise, while searching in Buf, want peaking to be greater than a certain level, avoid noise, improve the stability of algorithm;
(4) at B
peakinterior search, calculate ultrasonic signal front and back peak amplitude changing value, means with " * " in Fig. 8, and open up storage space B
valpstore each peak change value and its address at the Buf storage space;
(5) at B
valpinterior search, obtain maximal value, is maximum peak change value, is designated as V
mvalp, its address is V
mvalpadr;
(6) in the Buf storage space, from V
mvalpadrsearch obtains former and later two sampled points of first zero crossing backward, uses P
1, P
2mean, numerical value and the memory address of preserving two sampled points, be designated as respectively V
1, V
2and AD
1, AD
2, AD wherein
2=AD
1+ 1.Mean P with the time
1(t
1, V
1), P
2(t
1+ T
s, V
2), t wherein
1=AD
1t
s, V
1>0, V
2<0, as shown in Figure 9;
(7) P is passed through in definition
1, P
2the intersection point P of the straight line of 2 and time shaft
0for the ultrasound wave due in, be designated as t
com.Utilize P
1, P
2the sampled value of 2 and memory address, adopt line fitting method to obtain
By t
1=AD
1t
sbringing above formula into obtains
Mean t with " " in Fig. 8
com.Utilize above-mentioned steps (1)~(7) to detect respectively the due in t of three road ultrasonic signals
com1, t
com2and t
com3.
(8) Figure 10 is lettering pen location schematic diagram, B in figure
1(0,0), B
2(d, 0), B
3(2d, 0) is respectively the coordinate of 3 microphones, the coordinate of P (x, y) lettering pen.With microphone B
1(0,0) is reference mode, velocity of sound V
umean, m, n is signed number, means range difference, m=V
u* (t
com2-t
com1), n=V
u* (t
com3-t
com1).The localization method of writing pencil is described below in conjunction with Figure 10.
If lettering pen P and microphone B
1between the distance be l, P and microphone B
1, B
2, B
3between the distance can be written as:
x
2+y
2=l
2 (1)
(x-d)
2+y
2=(l-m)
2 (2)
(x-2d)
2+y
2=(l-n)
2 (3)
(1) formula deducts (2) formula and obtains:
2xd-d
2=2lm-m
2 (4)
(1) formula deducts (3) formula and obtains:
4xd-4d
2=2ln-n
2 (5)
Try to achieve l by (4) formula, (5) formula
Just can try to achieve x by formula (6) and formula (4)
Can try to achieve y by formula (7) and formula (1)
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of making within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the portable handwriting input device based on microphone, is characterized in that, comprising:
Writing pencil and receiver;
Described writing pencil comprises ultrasound-driven circuit, ultrasound emission sensor, microprocessor 1, power supply and button;
Described button comprises key, lower key and nib key, and upper key and lower key be the analog mouse right and left key respectively, and the nib key is for starting writing function, and keypress function passes through launched hyperacoustic cycle difference and distinguished;
Described receiver comprises three ultrasound wave receiving cables, power supply, microprocessor 2, storer and temperature sensor; Each ultrasound wave receiving cable includes microphone, amplifying circuit, gain adjustment circuit, A/D converter;
The ultrasonic signal amplitude size that described microprocessor 2 receives according to each passage produces gain control signal, automatically adjusts the gain of each passage;
The ultrasonic signal real-time sampling of described microprocessor 2 to each passage, and storage, adopt the monocycle correlation filtering to suppress the noise of the following voice signal of 20KHz;
Described microprocessor 2 obtains the maximal value of ultrasonic signal in the ultrasound data storage space search of each passage, find the peak point in each ultrasound wave cycle in cycle at peaked front 10 and rear 10 ultrasound waves, set the peak point storage space, the peak point storage space is stored numerical value and its address at the ultrasound data storage space of each peak point; Microprocessor 2 calculates each ultrasound wave cycle front and back peak amplitude changing value in the peak point storage space, and sets peak change value storage space, stores each ultrasound wave cycle peak value changing value and its address at the ultrasound data storage space; In peak change value storage space, search obtains the peak-peak changing value; From the search backward in order of the ultrasound data memory location of peak-peak changing value, obtain first zero crossing, and former and later two ultrasound datas that close on described first zero crossing most; The numerical value of described two ultrasound datas of obtaining and memory address are calculated to ultrasound wave with line fitting method to be arrived accurately constantly;
Described microprocessor 2 arrives the due in of three microphones according to the ultrasonic signal of writing pencil emission, set one of them for reference microphone, the ultrasonic signal that calculates the writing pencil emission arrives two other microphone and the mistiming that arrives reference microphone, the location of realizing lettering pen.
2. the method for ultrasonic locating based on microphone, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) microprocessor is controlled A/D converter continuous acquisition ultrasound data, sets the ultrasound data storage space, and described ultrasound data is stored in described ultrasound data storage space;
(2) the monocycle sinusoidal wave data that utilization is stored and ultrasound data storage space are done the monocycle related operation and are carried out filtering, suppress the interference of the following voice signal of 20KHz;
(3) search in the ultrasound data storage space in step (1), obtain the maximal value of ultrasonic signal, find the peak point in each ultrasound wave cycle in cycle at 10 of peaked front and back ultrasound wave, and set numerical value and its address at the ultrasound data storage space that the peak point storage space is stored each peak point;
(4) calculate each ultrasound wave cycle front and back peak amplitude changing value in the peak point storage space in step (3), and set peak change value storage space, store each ultrasound wave cycle peak value changing value and its address at the ultrasound data storage space;
(5) in the peak change value storage space in step (4), search obtains the peak-peak changing value;
(6) from the search backward in order of the ultrasound data memory location of peak-peak changing value, obtain first zero crossing, and former and later two ultrasound datas that close on described first zero crossing most;
(7) numerical value of described two ultrasound datas of obtaining and memory address being calculated to ultrasound wave with line fitting method arrives accurately constantly;
(8) arrive the due in of three microphones according to the ultrasound wave of writing pencil emission, set one of them for reference microphone, the ultrasonic signal that calculates the writing pencil emission arrives two other microphone and the mistiming that arrives reference microphone, the location of realizing lettering pen.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: adopt sinusoidal wave correlation filtering of monocycle to suppress the interference of voice signal.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the basis for estimation that the adjacent periods ultrasonic signal peak change maximal value of take is the ultrasound wave due in.
5. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic signal frequency is greater than 20KHz.
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