CN103467612A - Method for synchronously extracting polysaccharides and proteins from high-temperature peanut meal - Google Patents
Method for synchronously extracting polysaccharides and proteins from high-temperature peanut meal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to a method for synchronously extracting polysaccharides and proteins from high-temperature peanut meal. The method for synchronously extracting polysaccharides and proteins from the high-temperature peanut meal comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials; (2) fat enzymolysis; (3) fiber enzymolysis; (4) water-insoluble polysaccharide conversion; (5) centrifugal separation; (6) soluble polysaccharide extraction; (7) protein extraction. The action conditions of adopted enzymes are mild, fats and celluloses in the high-temperature peanut meal are subjected to enzymolysis by using various different enzymes, and polysaccharides and proteins in the high-temperature peanut meal are extracted, thereby improving the utilization rate of the peanut meal; polysaccharides and proteins obtained by using the method disclosed by the invention are not only high in yield, but also high in purity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of from hot pressed peanut meal the method for simultaneous extraction polysaccharide and albumen.
background technology
Hot pressed peanut meal is the Main By product produced in peanut oil and other peanut product course of processing, its source is abundanter, China's peanut meal annual production reaches approximately 9,000,000 tons, rich in protein in hot pressed peanut meal, reach 50%, Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein almost comprises eight seed amino acids of needed by human, L-glutamic acid, aspartic acid are higher, its nutritive value and animal proteinum are close, its protein content is all higher than crucian, thin pork, egg, and, containing cholesterol, digestibility is not high, so abundant nutritive value is arranged.The Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein soybean protein wider with application compared, and has advantages of containing the flatulence factor and antinutritional factor less; Compare with vegetable seed, cottonseed protein, have advantages of that contained toxicant is less.The nitrogen solubility index of Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein is high in addition, easily makes an addition in various food, can play the effect that improves quality, nutrient-reinforced.
Hot pressed peanut meal is general direct as feed at present, and utility value is low, does not take full advantage of Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein wherein.The preparation of hot pressed peanut meal albumen, the main alkali extraction and acid precipitation method that adopts, although the purity of protein extracted is higher, but in the alkaline extraction process, alkaline solution owing to having adopted higher concentration, have destruction to amino acid, causes albumen sex change to a certain extent, can produce toxic compounds, the albumen of carrying is not suitable for eating.Isoelectric precipitation will consume a large amount of acid, and the desalting and purifying difficulty is large, and protein extracting ratio is not high.Need to consume a large amount of alkali and water during simultaneously due to extraction, the wastewater treatment burden is large, thereby is difficult to for suitability for industrialized production.The impurities removal method makes by adopting various means, various non-protein ingredients is removed as far as possible, finally obtains the method for high purity protein.The present invention is directed to the hot pressed peanut meal nutritive ingredient and form characteristic, adopt the impurities removal method, by using various biological enzymes, remove the method that the non-protein ingredients such as fat, carbohydrate, fiber prepare Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein, for the higher value application of hot pressed peanut meal provides technical support.
In peanut meal, crude protein content is 40% left and right, and metabolizable energy content surpasses soybean cake dregs, reaches 12.55KJ/g, is the horizontal soprano of available energy in the grouts beverage, but Methionin and methionine content deficiency.Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein in peanut meal almost comprises eight seed amino acids of needed by human, belong to adequate proteins, its Glutamic Acid, aspartate content is higher, abundant nutritive value is arranged, be only second to soybean protein in plant protein, but it but more easily absorbs than soybean protein, and the antinutritional factor contained in peanut than soybean still less, in addition, Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein soluble protein and nitrogen solubility index are higher, no matter add in animal food or vegetable food, can play the quality of improving food, the effect of nutrient fortified food nutrition, Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein is to helping diabetes, essential hypertension, arteriosclerosis and gastroenteropathy patient get well all certain effect.
In China, exploitation to Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein are started late, most of product of peanut industry is all in the elementary process segment, the peanut process deeply industry is very weak, the tradition oil expression method that major part peanut enterprise adopts is mechanical expression method and organic solvent lixiviation process, produce so a large amount of high denatured peanut meals, utilization to this part protein resource is limited by production specifications, domesticly be mainly used in feed or as on the shallow hierarchies such as fermentation food raw material, adopt new and high technology to fully utilize the high sex change defatted peanut dregs of rice and deep processing aspect, seem comparatively weak, this just makes the tremendous potential of the peanut resource of China can not bring into play on economic benefit and social benefit, although peanut in putting forward oily process after the high temperature hot moulding, complicated reacting also occurs with other material in the protein receptor thermally denature, be difficult to further development and utilization, but the effort through the scientific worker, China makes some progress in extraction and the technology of preparing of Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein and aspect utilizing in recent years, the comprehensive utilization of carrying out high temperature peanut meal becomes possibility, now China's peanut liquefaction industry has the high temperature peanut meal of up to a million tons every year, having very large opening with research and utilization is worth, its Research Prospects is very wide.Therefore, if hot pressed peanut meal is fully utilized, by protein extraction wherein out, be urgently problem demanding prompt solution.
There is relevant paper to disclose, after being processed, peanut meal powder micronizing adds a certain proportion of water, then regulate its pH value with sodium hydroxide solution, keep the pH value of solution constant, react for some time at a certain temperature, stop up under temperature centrifugal, precipitation repeats to extract once, merge supernatant liquor, precipitation discards, regulate while stirring its pH value to 4.5 with hydrochloric acid soln, standing 20 minutes, stop up under temperature, centrifugal 30 minutes again, collecting precipitation, the deionized water repetitive scrubbing that is above-mentioned value with pH 23-4 time, disperse precipitation with a small amount of deionized water, and adjusting pH value to 7, the dry peanut protein isolate product that obtains.
Above-mentioned method can be summed up as, alkali extraction and acid precipitation, and the shortcoming of the method is that action condition is stronger.
Also have document to disclose, get high temperature peanut meal, micronizing is processed, add a certain proportion of water, with hydrochloric acid soln, regulate the pH value, add a certain amount of prozyme, keep pH constant, react for some time at a certain temperature, stop up under temperature, centrifugal 30 minutes, abandoning supernatant, add certain comparison, certain density ethanolic soln in precipitation, under certain temperature, react for some time, stop up under temperature centrifugal 30 minutes again, collecting precipitation, disperse precipitation with a small amount of deionized water, and regulate pH value to 7, drying obtains the peanut concentrated protein product.
The shortcoming of above method is that its purity of the albumen obtained is not high enough, also contains other non-proteic substance in the albumen obtained.
Except albumen, in peanut meal, polysaccharide content is also very abundant, is about many 32%.Polysaccharide be a class extensively be formed in the bodies of aminal and plant and microorganism wall in, the natural high moleculer eompound formed by 10 above monose molecule aggregations. be one of base substance of running well of the activity that sustains life.Polysaccharide as important biologically active substance have immune stimulatory, antitumor, reduce glycolipid, the isoreactivity that delays senility, in fields such as health care, food, animal cultivations, have broad application prospects.
Hot pressed peanut meal is general direct as feed at present, and utility value is low, does not take full advantage of Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein, polysaccharide wherein.The preparation of albumen, polysaccharide, the main chemical method that adopts, although the sample purity extracted is higher, but in leaching process, chemical reagent owing to having adopted higher concentration, have destruction to amino acid, causes the sex change to a certain extent of albumen, polysaccharide, can produce toxic compounds, the albumen of carrying, polysaccharide are not suitable for eating.Need to consume a large amount of chemical reagent during simultaneously due to extraction, the wastewater treatment burden is large, thereby is difficult to for suitability for industrialized production.The present invention is directed to the hot pressed peanut meal nutritive ingredient and form characteristic, adopt biological enzyme simultaneous extraction polysaccharide and albumen from the hot moulding peanut is broken, for the higher value application of hot pressed peanut meal provides technical support.
Therefore need be improved above-mentioned method, be studied a kind of can to greatest extent peanut meal being used, such as method peanut polysaccharide contained in peanut meal and Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein extracted simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of method of extracting albumen and polysaccharide from yield and the higher hot pressed peanut meal of purity.
The method that the present invention extracts albumen from hot pressed peanut meal is to realize by following technical scheme:
A kind of from hot pressed peanut meal the method for simultaneous extraction polysaccharide and albumen, comprise following step:
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal through micronizing to the 800-1000 order;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:6-10, and adds lipase, the addition 0.2-0.4% of lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, adjust pH 5, after enzymolysis 1.5-2.0h, the 100-105 ℃ of enzyme 5-10min that goes out;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.6-0.8% of cellulase, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH value 5, after enzymolysis 1.5-2.0h, the 100-105 ℃ of enzyme 5-10min that goes out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
Diastatic addition 0.8-1.0%, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH value 5, after enzymolysis 1.5-2.0h, the 100-105 ℃ of enzyme 5-10min that goes out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 10-20 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 60-70 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 60-70%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 10-16 hour, centrifugal 10-20 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 4-6%, pulverized under-1-4 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:6-10 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 30-40min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 2-3 time; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 4-6%, then pulverized under-1-4 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and raw material hot pressed peanut meal.
The consumption of lipase is 0.3%; The consumption of cellulase is 0.7%.
Diastatic addition is 0.9%;
Amylase is at least one in Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase, head mold α-amylase.
Lipase is moral row rhizopus equinus lipase.
At least one in cellulase cellobiohydrolase, β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dextranase.
Extract the method for albumen from hot pressed peanut meal, comprise following step:
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal through micronizing to the 800-1000 order;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:8, and adds lipase, the addition 0.3% of lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, tune pH 5, after enzymolysis 1.8h, enzyme 6min goes out under 100 ℃;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.7% of cellulase, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 1.6h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
Diastatic addition 0.9%, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 1.6h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 15min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 65 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 12 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 3 times repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 5%, pulverized under 0 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:8 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 35min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 3 times; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 5%, then pulverized under 2 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and peanut meal.
In method of the present invention, first peanut meal is pulverized, adopted the method for micronizing, rather than common grinding mode, because after micronizing, the particle diameter of peanut meal is less, be conducive in follow-up enzyme digestion reaction process, various components contact with enzyme, make enzyme better act on each component;
Enzymolysis fat, fiber order are also innovations of the present invention, and due to by after fatty enzymolysis, grease can not be wrapped in outside peanut meal, thereby be conducive to various compositions, with enzyme, contact, thus the efficiency of raising enzymolysis; Therefore, first enzymolysis fat again the enzymolysis Mierocrystalline cellulose be conducive to fat and the removal of fiber;
In usual way, to fatty treatment process, be generally to adopt the mode that adds organic solvent, although organic solvent is also comparatively thorough to the removal of grease, but the condition of its effect is stronger, and follow-up removal process is also more complicated, also easily causes in addition the environmentally hazardous problem of organic solvent; Adopt in addition organic solvent to remove its cost of grease also higher;
The present invention adopts enzyme to act on and remains on the grease in peanut meal, the action condition gentleness, and also also comparatively thorough to the removal of grease, and do not exist follow-up organic solvent to reclaim and bring the problem of environmental pollution;
Add again cellulase that the cellulose degradation in peanut meal is generated to water-soluble glucose;
Adopt the mesophilicα-diastase of Bacillus subtilus saccharification type to the amylorrhexis in peanut meal, be translated into soluble saccharide, so that extract polysaccharide;
By the polysaccharide enzymolysis of non-solubility, be after soluble polysaccharide, carbohydrate is soluble in water, then gets supernatant liquor, filters, and concentrated, alcohol precipitation, extract polysaccharide wherein.
The selection of the kind of enzyme of the present invention and the selection of consumption and enzymolysis order is not accidental, but having paid performing creative labour, the contriver obtained, the adjustment of enzyme and various ratios all can affect the extraction effect of final polysaccharide and albumen, only have adopt the present invention to enzyme and the corresponding proportion of enzyme peanut meal is processed, and carry out according to order of the present invention, just can obtain result of the present invention, enzyme is replaced or the replacement of enzyme-added order, all be can not get maximum polysaccharide and the extraction yield of albumen.
Freezing and pulverizing principle freezing and pulverizing is to utilize " low temperature brittleness " of material under low-temperature condition, and material is along with the reduction of temperature, and its hardness and fragility increase, and plasticity and toughness drop at a certain temperature, just can be pulverized it by a very little power.Through the material of freezing and pulverizing, its granularity can reach the degree of " superfine ", therefore can produce " superfine food ".
" low temperature brittleness " of material is closely-related with a kind of phenomenon that is called glass transition.So-called glass transition refers to that amorphous polymer there will be the variation of mechanical property when temperature variation originally, forms rubbery state and two kinds of physical conditions of vitreous state; And temperature changing process can produce the transformation to vitreous state by rubbery state.When rubbery state, the toughness of material is large, and deformability is strong; And, when vitreous state, material hardness and fragility are large, deformability is very little.Glass transition phenomenon non-polymer institute are peculiar in fact, and food and agricultural-food there will be Glass Transition equally.But, because the composition complicated structure of food and agricultural-food, so its glass transition is more complex, as had multistage Glass Transition and devitrification transition phenomenon.Usually, we claim material by rubbery state during to glassy transition desired temperature be second-order transition temperature.According to the character of above-mentioned rubbery state and vitreous state, can think that the second-order transition temperature correspondence of material " embrittlement temperature " of material.
Therefore, the freezing and pulverizing principle of food and agricultural-food is exactly: at first make low-temperature material be chilled to second-order transition temperature or below embrittlement temperature, then with pulverizer, it is pulverized.In food and agricultural-food fast cooling process, can cause the inner inhomogeneous contraction in each position and produce internal stress, under the effect of this stress, the inner weak part of material produces tiny crack and also causes the bonding force of interior tissue to reduce.Externally low-force is broken with regard to internal fissure is enlarged rapidly.
The freezing crusher system is in the crushing material process, its low-temperature receiver forms a closed circuit circulatory system, the energy is fully used, save energy consumption: the sink temperature of pulverizing use can be down to negative 196 degree, brittleness temperature temperature according to material, its temperature adjustable in crushing process, select the best temperature of pulverizing, reduce energy consumption: smashing fineness can reach the 10-700 order, even reach the fineness such as micron μ: use liquid nitrogen as grinding medium, realize pulverizing at ultralow temperature, material explosion-proof, the anti-oxidation net effect that waits.
Freezing and pulverizing is applicable to polysaccharide because polysaccharide easily produces the problems such as bonding, obstruction and change of properties when normal temperature is pulverized, and effect and efficiency poor.
Freezing and pulverizing albumen may destroy the higher structure of albumen, change (generally can relate to the change of prlmary structure of protein) thereby change physicochemical characteristic and structural performance, solvability, emulsifying property, whipability, hold the processing characteristics such as oiliness and can be improved.
Therefore, polysaccharide and albumen that in the present invention, the method for employing freezing and pulverizing obtains extraction are pulverized, and have kept the quality of polysaccharide and albumen unaffected.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, adopt enzyme action condition gentleness, adopt various enzyme by the fat in hot pressed peanut meal, cellulase hydrolysis, extract polysaccharide and albumen from peanut meal simultaneously, utilize to greatest extent peanut meal, and the polysaccharide and the albumen that adopt method of the present invention to obtain, its yield and purity are high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, so that those skilled in the art more understands the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention.
Following raw material hot pressed peanut meal, adopting Kjeldahl determination to record its protein content is 49.1% left and right, adopting the phenolsulfuric acid method to record the wherein content of polysaccharide is 32.3% left and right.
Following detection method, if no special instructions, all adopt above-mentioned Kjeldahl determination to survey protein content; Adopt the phenolsulfuric acid method to survey the content of polysaccharide.
Embodiment 1
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal is through micronizing to the 800-1000 order, and getting the 100g hot pressed peanut meal is raw material, and protein content wherein is 46.13 g, and polysaccharide content is 32.33 g;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:8, and adds moral row rhizopus equinus lipase, the addition 0.3% of moral row rhizopus equinus lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, tune pH 5, after enzymolysis 1.8h, enzyme 6min goes out under 100 ℃;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.7% of cellobiohydrolase enzyme, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 1.6h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
40 ℃ of addition 0.9%, hydrolysis temperatures, the pH5 of Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase, after enzymolysis 1.6h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 15min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 65 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 12 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 3 times repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 5%, pulverized under 0 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:8 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 35min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 3 times; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 5%, then pulverized under 2 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and raw material hot pressed peanut meal.
The content of measuring albumen in the peanut protein powder of gained is 98.5%;
The quality that obtains peanut protein powder by weighing is 47.4 g;
Protein extracting ratio is 47.4 * 98.5% ÷ 49.1 * 100%=95.08%;
The content that adopts the phenolsulfuric acid method to record sugar in the polysaccharide of gained is 94.9%, and 31.2g weighs to obtain;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 31.2 * 94.9 ÷ 32.3=91.67%.
Comparative Examples 1: be with the difference in above embodiment 1, the order of extraction is changed into: (1) raw materials pretreatment; (2) enzymolysis fiber; (3) enzymolysis fat; (4) water-insoluble carbohydrate transforms; (5) centrifugation; (6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide; (7) protein extraction; Parameter and the embodiment 1 of above step are identical, but the sequence of steps difference of processing, to the first enzymolysis fiber of peanut meal, then enzymolysis fat;
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 90.12%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 88.43%;
Comparative Examples 2: with the difference in above embodiment 1, be, the add-on of moral row rhizopus equinus lipase is 0.1%, and the add-on of cellobiohydrolase is 0.5%, Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase 0.7%; Content in the albumen of employing Kjeldahl nitrogen determination gained, the albumen of the gained wherein content of albumen is 90.1%, by weighing, the gross weight of the albumen obtained is 39.6 grams;
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 89.07%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 87.24%.
Comparative Examples 3: with the difference in above embodiment 1, be, the add-on of moral row rhizopus equinus lipase is 0.5%, and the add-on of cellobiohydrolase is 0.9%, Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase 1.1%;
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 88.65%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 87.92%.
Can find out from above-mentioned Comparative Examples 2 and Comparative Examples 3, change the consumption of enzyme, affect larger on the purity of albumen and the yield of albumen.
The add-on that is not various enzymes is higher, and the yield of polysaccharide and albumen is also higher, and when the add-on of enzyme surpasses certain scope, yield and the purity of albumen reduce on the contrary; Meaning of the present invention is, seeks the best use of condition and the optimum enzyme of various enzymes.
Comparative Examples 4: be with the difference in above embodiment 1, Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase is replaced with to Amylase EC, its add-on and Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase are identical, remaining condition is also identical, only to have changed diastatic kind, the albumen that result the records gained wherein content of albumen is 91.3%
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 86.37%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 86.83%.
Embodiment 2
With the difference of embodiment 1, be, in the present embodiment, the amylase of employing is the head mold α-amylase, and its add-on is also identical with the diastatic add-on in embodiment 1, and all the other conditionally completes are identical,
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 95.13%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 91.83%.
Embodiment 3
With the difference of embodiment 1, be, in the present embodiment, the cellulase of employing is β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dextranase, and its add-on is also identical with the add-on of cellulase in embodiment 1, and all the other conditionally completes are identical;
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 95.37%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 91.26%.
Embodiment 4
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal is through micronizing to the 800-1000 order, and getting the 100g hot pressed peanut meal is raw material, and protein content wherein is 46.13 g, and polysaccharide content is 32.33 g;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:6, and adds moral row rhizopus equinus lipase, the addition 0.2% of moral row rhizopus equinus lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, tune pH 5, after enzymolysis 1.5h, enzyme 6min goes out under 100 ℃;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.6% of cellobiohydrolase enzyme, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 1.5h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
40 ℃ of addition 0.8%, hydrolysis temperatures, the pH5 of Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase, after enzymolysis 1.5h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 15min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 65 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 12 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 3 times repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 5%, pulverized under 0 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:8 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 35min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 3 times; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 5%, then pulverized under 2 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and raw material hot pressed peanut meal.
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 95.16.37%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 90.98%.
Embodiment 5
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal is through micronizing to the 800-1000 order, and getting the 100g hot pressed peanut meal is raw material, and protein content wherein is 46.13 g, and polysaccharide content is 32.33 g;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:10, and adds moral row rhizopus equinus lipase, the addition 0.4% of moral row rhizopus equinus lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, tune pH 5, after enzymolysis 2h, enzyme 6min goes out under 100 ℃;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.8% of cellobiohydrolase enzyme, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 2h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
40 ℃ of addition 1.0%, hydrolysis temperatures, the pH5 of Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase, after enzymolysis 2h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 15min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 65 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 12 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 3 times repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 5%, pulverized under 0 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:8 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 35min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 3 times; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 5%, then pulverized under 2 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and raw material hot pressed peanut meal.
The extraction yield that records its albumen is: 95.39%;
The extraction yield of polysaccharide is: 90.86 %.
Claims (8)
1. the method for simultaneous extraction polysaccharide and albumen from a hot pressed peanut meal comprises following step:
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal through micronizing to the 800-1000 order;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:6-10, and adds lipase, the addition 0.2-0.4% of lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, adjust pH 5, after enzymolysis 1.5-2.0h, the 100-105 ℃ of enzyme 5-10min that goes out;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.6-0.8% of cellulase, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH value 5, after enzymolysis 1.5-2.0h, the 100-105 ℃ of enzyme 5-10min that goes out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
Diastatic addition 0.8-1.0%, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH value 5, after enzymolysis 1.5-2.0h, the 100-105 ℃ of enzyme 5-10min that goes out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 10-20 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 60-70 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 60-70%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 10-16 hour, centrifugal 10-20 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 2-3 time repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 4-6%, pulverized under-1-4 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:6-10 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 30-40min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 2-3 time; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 4-6%, then pulverized under-1-4 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and raw material hot pressed peanut meal.
2. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of described lipase is 0.3%.
3. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of described cellulase is 0.7%.
4. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described diastatic addition is 0.9%.
5. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described amylase is at least one in Bacillus subtilus saccharification type mesophilicα-diastase, head mold α-amylase.
6. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described lipase is moral row rhizopus equinus lipase.
7. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that at least one in described cellulase cellobiohydrolase, β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dextranase.
8. the method for extracting albumen from hot pressed peanut meal as described as any one in claim 1-7, is characterized in that, described method comprises following step:
(1) raw materials pretreatment
Hot pressed peanut meal through micronizing to the 800-1000 order;
(2) enzymolysis fat
Peanut meal by after pulverizing, add water and mix, and the part by weight of peanut meal and water is 1:8, and adds lipase, the addition 0.3% of lipase, and 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, tune pH 5, after enzymolysis 1.8h, enzyme 6min goes out under 100 ℃;
(3) enzymolysis fiber
The addition 0.7% of cellulase, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 1.6h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(4) water-insoluble polysaccharide transforms
Diastatic addition 0.9%, 40 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH5, after enzymolysis 1.6h, 100 ℃ of enzyme 8min that go out;
(5) centrifugation
By the peanut meal after enzymolysis, centrifugal 15min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and supernatant liquor and precipitation are collected respectively;
(6) extraction of soluble polysaccharide
The supernatant liquid filtering of getting in step (5) removes slag, the filtrate obtained after filtration is concentrated under 65 ℃, being concentrated into its concentration is 65%, concentrated solution adds in the 1:4 ratio that 95% ethanol precipitates standing 12 hours, centrifugal 15 min, centrifugal rotational speed is 4500 rpm, and collecting precipitation also cleans 3 times repeatedly with ethanol, after lyophilize to moisture content is 5%, pulverized under 0 ℃ again, obtained soluble polysaccharide;
(7) protein extraction
Get the middle precipitation of collecting of step (5), add water in precipitation, precipitation is 1:8 with the water ratio, centrifugal 15 min after stirring 35min, and centrifugal rotating speed is 4500 rpm, abandons supernatant liquor, washes 3 times; After precipitating lyophilize to moisture content and being 5%, then pulverized under 2 ℃, obtained peanut protein powder;
Above-mentioned enzyme concentration is the weight percent of enzyme and peanut meal.
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