CN103460940A - Machilus pauhoi full-exposure cuttage fast propagation method - Google Patents
Machilus pauhoi full-exposure cuttage fast propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Machilus pauhoi full-exposure cuttage fast propagation method. The method includes: selecting a full exposure cutting bed which is leeward, good in water permeability and provided with an interval-automatic water spraying device, performing cuttage on half-lignified scions at the temperature not lower than 8 DEG C, performing moisture regulation until rooting, transplanting in nutrition cups for arranged cultivation when 80% of the scions take roots and bud, well performing weeding, fertilizer-water management and disease-insect prevention, and cultivating to obtain Machilus pauhoi nursery stock, wherein moisture regulation includes: spraying water again before water films on the front of leaves disappear completely so as to keep the front of the leaves basically wet. By the method, cultivation cycle is short, outplanting only needs five to nine months, instable survival rate caused by weather differences can be solved, cultivation season is prolonged, problems such as seed source limitation can be solved, cultivation cost is lowered, and good economical, social and ecological benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of propagation method of Machilus pauhoi, particularly a kind of method for quickly breeding of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage.
Background technology
Machilus pauhoi (
maehilus pauhoikanehira) be Lauraceae machilus aiphyllium, in Guangdong, all there is distribution on the ground such as Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi.Rapidly, tree-like tall and big, attractive in appearance, tender leaf pinkiness or rufous, be that good garden is viewed and admired, green tree species in the Machilus pauhoi growth.And the heartwood of Machilus pauhoi is solid, beautiful texture, structure is fine and closely woven, and quality is light and soft, and hardness is moderate, the material such as Chang Zuowei building, noble furniture, joiner.In addition, Machilus pauhoi timber tool colloid, can be processed into face powder, be commonly used to make tower spices, mosquito-repellent incense, hold a memorial ceremony for the stacte raw material such as fragrant, also can be used as binder and mix use with other raw materials, the essential oil extracted from blade contains more compound difficult to understand, tool antibiotic, anti-inflammatory significantly, analgesic activity, also can suppress the ribonucleic acid metabolism of some cancer cell, there is unique medical value.Although Machilus pauhoi economy is higher, the artificial planting Machilus pauhoi is few at present, because natural Machilus pauhoi is rare, is prohibited to cut down, and market occurs blank, therefore plants Machilus pauhoi and has broad prospects.
Mainly take in the seedling-wood breeding of Machilus pauhoi and grow directly from seeds breeding as main, because the Machilus pauhoi seed can not done Tibetan, be subject to the restriction of the time of collecting seed, repoductive time can only carry out in annual July, and the offspring of seminal propagation is unfavorable for the heredity of fine individual plant merit.The shed cuttage is the main method that current Machilus pauhoi clone nursery stock is bred, but is subject to the impact of high temperature, high humidity in shed, and reproductive survival rate is often unstable.Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage breeding method, the turgescence value that can in the process of epicormic branch cutting, effectively keep blade, make the carbohydrate of cuttings be tending towards accumulation, thereby for wound healing with take root sufficient Assimilate is provided, thereby cover than conventional shed that the cuttage callus is taken root soon, damage by disease and insect is few, survival rate is higher, growing-seedling period is shorter, has good economic benefit and social benefit.Through retrieval, have not yet to see the relevant report of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage breeding method.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the method for quickly breeding of the Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage that a kind of cultivation period is short, survival rate is high, easy and simple to handle.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme:
A kind of method for quickly breeding of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage, comprise management after cuttage, cuttage, transplant and the management operation, cultivates and obtain the Machilus pauhoi nursery stock, and concrete operation step is:
(1) cuttage:
1. Cutting conditions: select leeward on the sunny side, good water permeability, and be provided with the outdoor full exposure cutting bed of interval-automatic water injector;
2. cutting bed setting: prepare clean stone, rough sand, fine sand, the cuttage bedside is 1~1.2m, in the young 5cm of bottom paving stone of cutting bed, intermediate layer paving rough sand 10cm, the paving fine sand 5cm of the superiors, sterilization routinely;
3. cuttings is processed: the cuttings with leaf and bud that the fringe bar of semi-lignified is cut into to 3cm~5cm;
4. HORMONE TREATMENT: cuttings is carried out to immersion treatment with indole-3-butyric acid to cuttings;
5. cuttage: hormone-treated cuttings is carried out to cuttage under the condition of temperature >=8 ℃;
(2) after cuttage, manage:
1. moisture regulation: carry out the moisture regulation management until take root after cuttage, the principle of moisture regulation is again to spray water before the moisture film of face of blade disappears soon fully, and each water spraying time substantially soaks and is as the criterion with face of blade;
2. disease control: after cuttage every 7 days with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
(3) transplant and manage:
1. transplant: the cuttings cuttage, after 45 days, when cuttings has 80% to take root rudiment, is transplanted and be arranged in the furrow cultivation in nutrition cup;
2. management after transplanting: the control of weeding, rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect is mainly carried out in the management after the transplantation of seedlings of taking root.
Above-described interval-automatic water injector adopts magnetic valve and relay to set up the interval-automatic water injector.
Above-described HORMONE TREATMENT is that indole-3-butyric acid is configured to 1500mg/L~2000mg/L solution with 95% industrial alcohol, then cuttings is fully immersed in indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch, during immersion, constantly rocks, and the time is 15s~20s.
Above-described cuttage is that cuttings is inserted into and is ready in the full exposure cutting bed, the degree of depth 1cm of cuttings insertion cutting bed~2cm, and soak residual solution on the blade of water flushing in time; Time to residual solution on the hydroblasting blade from cuttings is soaked indole-3-butyric acid solution can not surpass 20min.
The method of preventing and treating of above-described rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect transplant after every 15 days~30 days with becoming thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or to adopt " Russia " board composite fertilizer diluted concentration of buying on market be 0.1% to carry out foliage fertilization 1 time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone that after transplanting, every 10 days~15 days is 0.2%~0.3% by concentration spray blade according to a conventional method, and add with 1000 times~2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times~1200 times liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing technology:
Machilus pauhoi full exposure of the present invention is according to the method for quickly breeding of cuttage, cultivation period is short, generally only need within 5 to 9 months, can go out garden, can solve preferably climate difference and cause survival rate unstable, extended cultivation season, solve the problems such as restriction of provenance, can also effectively reduce the propagating materials consume, reduce to grow seedlings artificial, reduce seedling cost, accelerate the exploitation of Machilus pauhoi Breeds resources and apply, thering are better economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below the concrete operation step of propagation method of the present invention is described in detail:
embodiment 1
1, the concrete operations of full exposure cuttage are as follows:
(1) Cutting conditions: with circulation time switch and magnetic valve, form water control device, the circulation time switch opens or closes by the He Guanlai that opens of control circuit the magnetic valve be arranged in ventilating water pipe, thereby control frequency and the time of water spray, the control time scope is 0 minute 0 second to 99 minutes and 59 seconds.Build cutting bed in the leeward place faced south, bedside 1mm, length designs according to land occupation condition, is advisable with 10 to 20 meters, the young 5cm of bottom paving stone of cutting bed, intermediate layer paving rough sand 10cm, the paving fine sand 5cm of the superiors; Because cutting bed is rebasing with stone and rough sand, good water permeability.In two cutting beds, 1.5 meters high shower nozzles are set up at 1.5 meters of spacing cutting bed head, and every 3 meters buildings are established 1 1.5 meters high shower nozzle subsequently, and the water spray diameter reaches 2.5 meters.
(2) cutting bed is disinfected: the potassium permanganate that cuttage is 0.1% by concentration in first 1 day, to the matrix disinfection, is drenched cutting bed with clear water before cuttage.
(3) cuttings is processed: the first tenday period of a month in May, 2012 Machilus pauhoi fringe bar take from south china city institute of Babu District woods section Machilus pauhoi excellent strain demonstration forest, the age of tree 2 years.The semi-lignified fringe bar gathered, be cut into the fringe bar fringe of the cuttage with leaf and the bud bar of 3cm~4cm in the shade, and the cuttage fringe bar sheared is put into plastic basin, with wet towel, covers, and the holding time is no more than 1h.
(4) HORMONE TREATMENT: the industrial alcohol with 95% is configured to 1500mg/L solution after indole-3-butyric acid is dissolved, then the cuttage fringe bar sheared being put into to above-mentioned indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch soaks, the careful stirring, soak and pull out rapidly afterwards in 20 seconds, continues to wrap up with wet towel.
(5) cuttage: cutting time is at dusk calm weather of the first tenday period of a month in May, 2012, temperature >=8 ℃.Cuttings is inserted on ready full exposure cutting bed, and cutting density is with cuttings blade overlapping being advisable not, and the cuttage degree of depth is 1cm~2cm; After cuttage enters cutting bed, spray water 3 minutes to 5 minutes, the indole-3-butyric acid solution that immersion is remained on blade rinses in 20min after immersion at once.
2, after cuttage, manage:
(1) moisture regulation: just cuttage cuttage fringe bar not during callus, fine when daytime, the water spray frequency is that every 3min~5min spray 1 water, if cloudy every 10min~20min sprays 1 water, sprays a water at every 30 minutes of night; After cuttage spike length callus, can suitably reduce the water spray frequency daytime, can stop water spray when night is calm, and can suitably strengthen water spray frequency when hot summer.Water spraying time 5s~15s, take and guarantee that it is principle that blade forms moisture film, the large weather proper extension of wind water spraying time.
(2) disease control: after the cuttage tloig-cutlage, every 7 a days spraying carbendazim 1000 times of liquid, after spray time is chosen in the sun and sets, carry out, before the spray medicine, stop spraying water half an hour to morning sunrise.
Result of the test:
Cuttage is observed part cuttings base portion in 9 days and is started to expand, and within 16 days, observes obvious callus.Within after cuttage 1 month, start sampling and adjust rooting rate, cuttage sample investigation after 45 days, rooting rate reaches 82.4%.
3, transplant and manage, concrete operations are:
(1) transplant nutrition cup: after 80% cuttage rooting, start to transplant nutrition cup mid-November; The normal root water of drenching after transplanting, drench after seedlings the broad film moisturizing of plastic covering and be exposed to the sun with the anti-burning sun of shading screen with 1000 times of liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder.
(2) transplant rear management: transplant after 30 days and remove plastic film and shading screen, after transplanting every 15 days~30 days with becoming thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or to adopt " Russia " board composite fertilizer diluted concentration of buying on market be 0.1% to carry out foliage fertilization and urge root 1 strong sprout, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the auximone that every 10 days~15 days, by concentration, are 0.2%~0.3% spray blade, and add with 1000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1100 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder, and carry out the management work such as weeding, wind-proof frost.
Result of the test:
The survival rate of investigating by the end of December cuttings is 89.1%, and in the cuttings survived, germination rate has reached 82.6%, and the long average 8.6cm of young sprout, reach 19.3cm most, and 24.6% cuttings young sprout has surpassed 15cm, reaches the garden specification.
embodiment 2
1, the concrete operations of full exposure cuttage are as follows:
(1) Cutting conditions: with circulation time switch and magnetic valve, form water control device, the circulation time switch opens or closes by the He Guanlai that opens of control circuit the magnetic valve be arranged in ventilating water pipe, thereby control frequency and the time of water spray, the control time scope is 0 minute 0 second to 99 minutes and 59 seconds.Build cutting bed in the leeward place faced south, bedside is 1.2m, and length is 10 to 15 meters, the young 5cm of bottom paving stone of cutting bed, intermediate layer paving rough sand 10cm, the paving fine sand 5cm of the superiors; Because cutting bed is rebasing with stone and rough sand, good water permeability.In two cutting beds, 1.5 meters high shower nozzles are set up at 1.5 meters of spacing cutting bed head, and every 3 meters buildings are established 1 1.5 meters high shower nozzle subsequently, and the water spray diameter reaches 2.5 meters.
(2) cutting bed is disinfected: the potassium permanganate that cuttage is 0.15% by concentration in first 1 day, to the matrix disinfection, is drenched cutting bed with clear water before cuttage.
(3) cuttings is processed: in mid-June, 2012 Machilus pauhoi fringe bar take from south china city institute of Babu District woods section Machilus pauhoi excellent strain demonstration forest, the age of tree 2 years.The semi-lignified fringe bar gathered, be cut into the fringe bar fringe of the cuttage with leaf and the bud bar of 3cm~4.5cm in the shade, and the cuttage fringe bar sheared is put into plastic basin, with wet towel, covers, and the holding time is no more than 50 minutes.
(4) HORMONE TREATMENT: the industrial alcohol with 95% is configured to 1500mg/L solution after indole-3-butyric acid is dissolved, the cuttage fringe bar sheared is put into to above-mentioned indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch to be soaked, the careful stirring, soak and pull out rapidly afterwards in 20 seconds, continues to wrap up with wet towel.
(5) cuttage: cutting time is at dusk calm weather of in mid-June, 2012, and temperature is >=13 ℃.Cuttings is inserted on ready full exposure cutting bed, and cutting density is with the blade of cuttage fringe bar overlapping being advisable not, and the cuttage degree of depth is 1.5cm~2cm; After cuttage, spray water 3 minutes to 5 minutes, the indole-3-butyric acid solution that immersion is remained on blade rinses in 20min at once.
2, after cuttage, manage:
(1) moisture regulation: as fine as daytime during just cuttage, the water spray frequency is that every 3min~5min sprays 1 water, every 10min of cloudy day~20min sprays 1 water, a water of spray at every 30 minutes of night, after spike length callus to be inserted, can suitably reduce the water spray frequency daytime, can stop water spray when night is calm, can suitably strengthen water spray frequency when hot summer.Water spraying time 5s~15s, take and guarantee that it is principle that blade forms moisture film, the large weather proper extension of wind water spraying time.
(2) disease control: after cuttage, every 1000 times of liquid of 7 days carbendazim of spray, after the sun sets, carry out, before the spray medicine, stop water spray half an hour to morning sunrise.
Result of the test:
Within after cuttage the 10th day, observe part cuttings base portion and start to expand, within after cuttage the 18th day, observe obvious callus.Within after cuttage 1 month, start sampling and adjust rooting rate, cuttage sample investigation after 45 days, rooting rate reaches 84.2%.
3, transplanting and rear management, concrete operations are:
(1) transplant nutrition cup: start to transplant nutrition cup after 80% cuttage rooting; The normal root water of drenching after transplanting, drench after seedlings the broad film moisturizing of plastic covering and be exposed to the sun with the anti-burning sun of shading screen with 1200 times of liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder.
(2) transplant rear management: transplant after 30 days and remove plastic film and shading screen, late November transplant after every 16 days with becoming thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or to adopt " Russia " board composite fertilizer diluted concentration of buying on market be 0.1% to carry out foliage fertilization and urge root 1 strong sprout, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the auximone that every 10 days, by concentration, are 0.25%~0.30% spray blade, and add with 2000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times of times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder, and carry out the management work such as weeding, wind-proof frost.
Result of the test:
The survival rate of investigating by the end of December cuttings is 91.5%, and in the cuttings survived, germination rate has reached 87.3%, and the long average 8.8cm of young sprout, reach 20.8cm most, and 28.1% cuttings young sprout has surpassed 15cm, reaches the garden specification.
embodiment 3
1, the concrete operations of full exposure cuttage are as follows:
(1) Cutting conditions: with circulation time switch and magnetic valve, form water control device, the circulation time switch opens or closes by the He Guanlai that opens of control circuit the magnetic valve be arranged in ventilating water pipe, thereby control frequency and the time of water spray, the control time scope is 0 minute 0 second to 99 minutes and 59 seconds.Build cutting bed in the leeward place faced south, bedside is 1.2m, and length is 10 to 15 meters, the young 5cm of bottom paving stone of cutting bed, intermediate layer paving rough sand 10cm, the paving fine sand 5cm of the superiors; Because cutting bed is rebasing with stone and rough sand, good water permeability.In two cutting beds, 1.5 meters high shower nozzles are set up at 1.5 meters of spacing cutting bed head, and every 3 meters buildings are established 1 1.5 meters high shower nozzle subsequently, and the water spray diameter reaches 2.5 meters.
(2) cutting bed is disinfected: the potassium permanganate that cuttage is 0.2% by concentration in first 1 day, to the matrix disinfection, is drenched cutting bed with clear water before cuttage.
(3) cuttings is processed: in mid-April, 2012 Machilus pauhoi fringe bar take from south china city institute of Babu District woods section Machilus pauhoi excellent strain demonstration forest, the age of tree 2 years.The semi-lignified fringe bar gathered, be cut into the fringe bar fringe of the cuttage with leaf and the bud bar of 4cm~5cm in the shade, and the cuttage fringe bar sheared is put into plastic basin, with wet towel, covers, and the holding time is no more than 55 minutes.
(4) HORMONE TREATMENT: the industrial alcohol with 95% is configured to 1450mg/L solution after indole-3-butyric acid is dissolved, the cuttage fringe bar sheared is put into to above-mentioned indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch to be soaked, the careful stirring, soak and pull out rapidly afterwards in 15 seconds, continues to wrap up with wet towel.
(5) cuttage: cutting time is at dusk calm weather of in mid-April, 2012, and temperature is >=8 ℃.Cuttings is inserted on ready full exposure cutting bed, and cutting density is with the blade of cuttage fringe bar overlapping being advisable not, and the cuttage degree of depth is 2cm; After cuttage, spray water 3 minutes to 5 minutes, the indole-3-butyric acid solution that immersion is remained on blade rinses in 20min at once.
2, after cuttage, manage:
(1) moisture regulation: as fine as daytime during just cuttage, the water spray frequency is that every 3min~4min sprays 1 water, every 15min of cloudy day~20min sprays 1 water, a water of spray at every 40 minutes of night, after spike length callus to be inserted, can suitably reduce the water spray frequency daytime, can stop water spray when night is calm, can suitably strengthen water spray frequency when hot summer.Water spraying time 8s~10s, take and guarantee that it is principle that blade forms moisture film, the large weather proper extension of wind water spraying time.
(2) disease control: after cuttage, every 1100 times of liquid of 7 days carbendazim of spray, after the sun sets, carry out, before the spray medicine, stop water spray half an hour to morning sunrise.
Result of the test:
Within after cuttage the 9th day, observe part cuttings base portion and start to expand, within after cuttage the 17th day, observe obvious callus.Within after cuttage 1 month, start sampling and adjust rooting rate, cuttage sample investigation after 45 days, rooting rate reaches 80.8%.
3, transplanting and rear management, concrete operations are:
(1) transplant nutrition cup: start to transplant nutrition cup after 80% cuttage rooting; The normal root water of drenching after transplanting, drench after seedlings the broad film moisturizing of plastic covering and be exposed to the sun with the anti-burning sun of shading screen with 1150 times of liquid of 72% tpn wetting powder.
(2) transplant rear management: transplant after 30 days and remove plastic film and shading screen, late November transplant after every 16 days with becoming thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or to adopt " Russia " board composite fertilizer diluted concentration of buying on market be 0.1% to carry out foliage fertilization and urge root 1 strong sprout, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the auximone that every 10 days, by concentration, are 0.25% spray blade, and add with 1500 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1150 times of times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder, and carry out the management work such as weeding, wind-proof frost.
Result of the test:
The survival rate of investigating by the end of December cuttings is 90.4%, and in the cuttings survived, germination rate has reached 83.3%, and the long average 8.5cm of young sprout, reach 19.6cm most, and 24.1% cuttings young sprout has surpassed 15cm, reaches the garden specification.
Claims (5)
1. the method for quickly breeding of a Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage is characterized in that: comprise management after cuttage, cuttage, transplant and the management operation, cultivate and obtain the Machilus pauhoi nursery stock, concrete operation step is:
(1) cuttage:
1. Cutting conditions: select leeward on the sunny side, good water permeability, and be provided with the outdoor full exposure cutting bed of interval-automatic water injector;
2. cutting bed setting: prepare clean stone, rough sand, fine sand, the cuttage bedside is 1~1.2m, in the young 5cm of bottom paving stone of cutting bed, intermediate layer paving rough sand 10cm, the paving fine sand 5cm of the superiors, sterilization routinely;
3. cuttings is processed: the cuttings with leaf and bud that the fringe bar of semi-lignified is cut into to 3cm~5cm;
4. HORMONE TREATMENT: cuttings is carried out to immersion treatment with indole-3-butyric acid to cuttings;
5. cuttage: hormone-treated cuttings is carried out to cuttage under the condition of temperature >=8 ℃;
(2) after cuttage, manage:
1. moisture regulation: carry out the moisture regulation management until take root after cuttage, the principle of moisture regulation is again to spray water before the moisture film of face of blade disappears soon fully, and each water spraying time substantially soaks and is as the criterion with face of blade;
2. disease control: after cuttage every 7 days with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazim spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
(3) transplant and manage:
1. transplant: the cuttings cuttage, after 45 days, when cuttings has 80% to take root rudiment, is transplanted and be arranged in the furrow cultivation in nutrition cup;
2. management after transplanting: the control of weeding, rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect is mainly carried out in the management after the transplantation of seedlings of taking root.
2. the method for quickly breeding of a kind of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described interval-automatic water injector employing magnetic valve and relay establishment interval-automatic water injector.
3. the method for quickly breeding of a kind of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described HORMONE TREATMENT is that indole-3-butyric acid is configured to 1500mg/L~2000mg/L solution with 95% industrial alcohol, again cuttings is fully immersed in indole-3-butyric acid solution in batch, during immersion, constantly rock, the time is 15s~20s.
4. the method for quickly breeding of a kind of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cuttage is that cuttings is inserted into and is ready in the full exposure cutting bed, the degree of depth 1cm of cuttings insertion cutting bed~2cm, and soak residual solution on the blade of water flushing in time; Time to residual solution on the hydroblasting blade from cuttings is soaked indole-3-butyric acid solution can not surpass 20min.
5. the method for quickly breeding of a kind of Machilus pauhoi full exposure cuttage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for preventing and treating of described rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect transplant after every 15 days~30 days with becoming thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or to adopt " Russia " board composite fertilizer diluted concentration of buying on market be 0.1% to carry out foliage fertilization 1 time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone that after transplanting, every 10 days~15 days is 0.2%~0.3% by concentration spray blade according to a conventional method, and add with 1000 times~2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times~1200 times liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
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CN104041392A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-17 | 福建师范大学 | Method for cultivating Machilus pauhoi with high cutting seedling planting percent by light-matrix nutrition bags |
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