CN103452612B - Compressed air energy storage system using carbon dioxide as working medium - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage system using carbon dioxide as working medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN103452612B CN103452612B CN201310382394.7A CN201310382394A CN103452612B CN 103452612 B CN103452612 B CN 103452612B CN 201310382394 A CN201310382394 A CN 201310382394A CN 103452612 B CN103452612 B CN 103452612B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage system using carbon dioxide as a working medium. The system utilizes the supercritical characteristic of carbon dioxide and the state change characteristic of the carbon dioxide near the critical point, and the assistance by the conditions of outside environments (such as underground and seabed cavities) is not needed, so the switching of the energy storage system among constant-pressure energy storage, constant-pressure energy releasing, constant-capacity energy storage and constant-capacity energy releasing is realized, and the different types of power storage and releasing can be realized. The system utilizes the characteristic of the carbon diode which is converted from the gas state into the supercritical or liquid state, so the carbon dioxide is stored, and compared with the gas storage, the complicated degree and design difficulty of the system are effectively reduced, and the cost of the energy storage system is reduced. Meanwhile, the double-storage device method is adopted, the switching of the system between energy storage and energy releasing is flexibly completed without utilizing the assistance by the outside environments (such as underground and seabed cavities), the energy storage and energy releasing characteristics of the system are changed by controlling the carbon dioxide storage/releasing method, and the flexibility of the system is enhanced. The system can be used together with the renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and wind energy, so the generation of other pollutants is avoided, and the environment-friendly characteristic is good.
Description
Technical field
Native system belongs to the Optimum utilization field of energy storage technologies, specifically, a kind of based on compressed air energy storage technology, adopt daul-memory structure, utilize the energy storage of carbon dioxide when the change of state characteristic of Near The Critical Point realizes level pressure or constant volume/release can pattern complete the energy storage system switched between the two.
Background technique
From the industrial revolution so far, there is stronger dependence for the traditional energy such as coal, oil in the mankind, and utilize the carbon dioxide gas emissions caused day by day to increase due to traditional energy, and consequent greenhouse effect drastically influence the living environment of the mankind.In order to reduce the pollution of carbon dioxide to environment, at present the many employings of great amount of carbon dioxide that macrofossil fuel plants etc. discharges are caught and store (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage, be called for short CCS) technology, that is: geological storage (stores in existing geological structure, as oil and natural gas field, Underground Salt rock stratum etc.), ocean stores (be directly released in ocean water body or be injected in submarine sedimentary strata) and carbon dioxide solidification is become inorganic carbonate etc., also there is larger blank to the further development and utilization of carbon dioxide.
Compressed air energy storage technology is a kind of energy storage technologies grown up in the sixties in last century five, it is based on gas turbine technology, cardinal principle utilizes the electric power more than needed of power plant carried out compressing by air and be stored in underground gas storage room, again high-pressure air is discharged when needed, utilize turbine externally to do work.Traditional compressed air energy storage technology take ambient air as working medium, when by air compressing to the design of system unit as turbomachinery, heat exchanger etc. complicated and difficultization can be caused during elevated pressures, cause system scale huge, cost is higher.In addition, owing to air compressing will be stored to elevated pressures (being not less than 40atm), system needs the underground gas storage chamber of larger volume or seabed cavity volume to realize constant volume storage as storage space or level pressure stores, and once air storing cavity is determined, the energy storage of compressed-air energy-storage system/release and pattern can determine and cannot change.This makes traditional compressed air energy storage technology not only there is difficult design, higher, the baroque defect of cost, and certain influence can be caused to environment, and the exploitation of the critical component such as underground gas storage chamber or seabed cavity volume and select greatly to improve system cost, simultaneously operating mode single cause the operability of compressed-air energy-storage system and flexibility poor.Therefore, how improving above-mentioned situation, reduce the system cost of energy storage technology, increase the flexibility of system application simultaneously, is one of subject matter of facing of compressed air energy storage technology.
Carbon dioxide replacement air is utilized to be a kind of effective ways solved the problem as the working medium of energy storage technology.Carbon dioxide has outstanding physics and chemistry characteristic, and ratio is 0.3% in atmosphere, is a kind of nontoxic, inert gas of not firing, has higher density
and have lower critical temperature T
c=31.1 DEG C and moderate critical pressure P
c=7.38*10
6pa, as shown in Figure 3.In the supercritical state, carbon dioxide has the double grading of gas and liquid concurrently, and its density is close to liquid (being about 800 times of air density), viscosity is close to gas, diffusion coefficient close to gas, be liquid nearly a hundred times, there is better mobility and transmission characteristic.Compare air, when taking carbon dioxide as media implementation pressurized gas energy storage technology, high and the characteristic more easily reaching supercritical state not only can reduce the design difficulty of system core parts as turbomachinery, heat exchanger etc. by carbon dioxide density, the overall size of reduction system, greatly reduce system cost, and the Security of system and the flexibility of application can be strengthened further.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of take carbon dioxide as the pressurized gas energy-storage system of working medium, this system adopts daul-memory structure, utilize the Trans-critical cycle characteristic of carbon dioxide complete the constant pressure energy storage of energy-storage system/release can or constant volume energy storage/release can, and can in different energy storage/release and can switch between mode.This invention improves the flexibility of system application, optimizes the supplied character of energy-storage system, does not need to use fossil fuel simultaneously, does not produce the pollution gas such as sulphide, nitride.
The technological scheme that the present invention takes for its technical problem of solution is:
Take carbon dioxide as a pressurized gas energy-storage system for working medium, comprising: carbon dioxide feeding unit, carbon dioxide compression energy-storage units, carbon dioxide expanded releasing can unit, heat-carrying agent circulation loop, it is characterized in that:
Described carbon dioxide feeding unit comprises normal pressure carbon dioxide storage;
Described carbon dioxide compression energy-storage units comprises low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor, high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump, liquid carbon dioxide storage and supercritical carbon dioxide storage, wherein
--the suction port of described low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor is communicated with by the air outlet of pipeline with described normal pressure carbon dioxide storage, the pressurized gas that described low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor produces, through the hot fluid rear flank of low pressure stage cooler, pass into the suction port of described high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor through gas piping;
--the pressurized gas that described high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor produces are through the hot fluid rear flank of high pressure stage cooler, a part passes into described liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump through the gas piping with liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve, the pressurized gas that described liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump produces enter described liquid carbon dioxide storage through the hot fluid rear flank of liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler, another part passes into described supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump through the gas piping with supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve, the pressurized gas that described supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump produces pass into cavity volume on described supercritical carbon dioxide storage,
--the liquid carbon dioxide that described liquid carbon dioxide storage stores, liquid feeding pipeline through being provided with liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve passes into cavity volume under described supercritical carbon dioxide storage, the liquid carbon dioxide that under described supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume stores, the liquid feeding pipeline through being provided with liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve passes into described liquid carbon dioxide storage;
Described carbon dioxide expanded releasing can comprise the carbon dioxide expanded machine of high pressure stage and the carbon dioxide expanded machine of low pressure stage by unit, wherein,
--the pressurized gas that described supercritical carbon dioxide storage stores, release can pass into the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described high pressure stage in the gas piping of the section switch valve cold fluid rear flank that passes into preheating heat exchanger and high pressure stage heat exchanger successively through being provided with supercritical carbon dioxide;
--the gas after the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described high pressure stage expands, the cold fluid rear flank passing into low pressure stage heat exchanger through gas piping passes into the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described low pressure stage;
--the gas after the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described low pressure stage expands flows into normal pressure carbon dioxide storage;
Described heat-carrying agent circulation loop comprises heat-carrying agent supply, high pressure stage heat reservoir, low pressure stage heat reservoir and preheating heat reservoir, heat-carrying agent in described heat-carrying agent supply passes into low pressure stage cooler by the road respectively, high pressure stage cooler, the cold fluid rear flank of liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler enters described low pressure stage heat reservoir, high pressure stage heat reservoir, preheating heat reservoir, described low pressure stage heat reservoir, high pressure stage heat reservoir, heat-carrying agent in preheating heat reservoir passes into low pressure stage heat exchanger by the road respectively, high pressure stage heat exchanger, the hot fluid rear flank of preheating heat exchanger enters described heat-carrying agent supply.
Further, heat-carrying agent is divided by a common low temperature heat-carrying agent supply line cold flow side delivering to low pressure stage cooler, high pressure stage cooler, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler by described heat-carrying agent supply, the supply line between heat-carrying agent supply and liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler is provided with preheating heat reservoir memory paragraph switch valve.
Further, described low pressure stage heat reservoir, high pressure stage heat reservoir, heat-carrying agent is delivered to low pressure stage heat exchanger respectively by respective independently high temperature heat-carrying agent supply line by preheating heat reservoir respectively, high pressure stage heat exchanger, the hot-fluid side of preheating heat exchanger, wherein, supply line between described low pressure stage heat reservoir and low pressure stage heat exchanger is provided with low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve, supply line between described high pressure stage heat reservoir and high pressure stage heat exchanger is provided with high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve, supply line between described preheating heat reservoir and preheating heat exchanger is provided with preheating heat reservoir and releases energy section switch valve.
Further, the inlet ductwork of described liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump is provided with liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, and export pipeline is provided with liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge.
Further, the inlet ductwork of described supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump is provided with supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, and export pipeline is provided with supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge.
Further, gas piping between described normal pressure carbon dioxide storage and low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor is provided with carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve, and/or carbon dioxide air feed section filter, and/or carbon dioxide air feed section safety check, and/or carbon dioxide air feed section exsiccator.
Further, the gas piping between the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described low pressure stage and normal pressure carbon dioxide storage is provided with carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve, and/or carbon dioxide return-air section filter, and/or carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve.
Further, described low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor, high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor are respectively by low pressure stage motor, high pressure stage motoring.
Further, the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described high pressure stage, the carbon dioxide expanded machine of low pressure stage drive high pressure stage generator, low pressure stage generator respectively.
Further, described supercritical carbon dioxide storage is two chamber pressure containers, comprises cavity volume and lower cavity volume, two in the middle of cavity volumes by one can vertical sliding motion and the dividing plate of airtight thermal insulation separately.
Further, on described supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume stores supercritical carbon dioxide, and lower cavity volume stores liquid carbon dioxide.
Further, described liquid carbon dioxide storage is connected with cavity volume under supercritical carbon dioxide storage by liquid feeding pipeline, liquid return pipe road.
Further, on described supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume arranges air inlet pipeline and outlet pipe.
A kind of possible specific operation process of the present invention is:
The normal temperature and pressure carbon dioxide stored in normal pressure carbon dioxide storage, controls gas supply by carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve.Carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve is opened, the carbon dioxide that the release of normal pressure carbon dioxide storage stores, through carbon dioxide air feed section metre filter, elimination foreign gas, carbon dioxide air feed section safety check prevents carbon dioxide from refluxing, to anhydrate drying through carbon dioxide air feed section exsiccator again, enter low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor and compress.
Low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor is driven by low pressure stage motor, and the electric energy of motor can from renewable energy sourcess such as electric power more than needed or wind energies.After the compression of low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor, pressure carbon dioxide, temperature raise, and cool through low pressure stage cooler, enter high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor, high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor is driven by high pressure stage motor.Realize after boosting intensification through high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor, carbon dioxide enters the cooling of high pressure stage cooler, subsequently according to energy storage/releasing energy pattern (level pressure or constant volume) experience following process respectively.
When adopt constant pressure energy storage/release can mode time, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve is opened, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve cuts out, carbon dioxide is through liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, after boosting to goal pressure by liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump, cool through liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler, enter liquid carbon dioxide storage and store.Meanwhile, supercritical carbon dioxide storage is two chamber pressure containers, middle by one can vertical sliding motion and the dividing plate of airtight thermal insulation separately.Supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in cavity volume, and liquid carbon dioxide is stored in lower cavity volume.Initial time, dividing plate is positioned at bottom supercritical carbon dioxide storage, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve is opened, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve cuts out, liquid carbon dioxide cavity volume under supply segment pipe enters supercritical carbon dioxide storage in liquid carbon dioxide storage, form connecting vessels structure, in liquid carbon dioxide storage, liquid level declines, under supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume liquid level rises, and promotes dividing plate moves.Liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge indicates liquid pressure carbon dioxide value, and when storing pressure and reaching goal pressure, two storagies reach stable, and dividing plate and liquid level are all in settling position.
After this, close liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve, open supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve, high pressure stage cooler hot fluid side outlet place carbon dioxide is through supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, boost to goal pressure by supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump, supercritical carbon dioxide enters cavity volume on supercritical carbon dioxide storage and stores.Pressure data can be obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge.Now, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve cuts out, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve is opened, when supercritical carbon dioxide enters cavity volume on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, due to upper vessel portion pressure increase, dividing plate declines, and dividing plate promotes liquid carbon dioxide in lower cavity volume and is back in liquid carbon dioxide storage, and in liquid carbon dioxide storage, liquid level is gone up.When supercritical carbon dioxide is stored into desired value, process terminates.Two storagies complete level pressure gas storage process thus.
Can in mode at employing constant pressure energy storage/release, releasing the energy stage, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve is opened, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve cuts out, open supercritical carbon dioxide simultaneously and release energy section switch valve, the release of supercritical carbon dioxide storage is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide of cavity volume.Along with the memory space of cavity volume carbon dioxide on supercritical carbon dioxide storage reduces, liquid carbon dioxide storage liquid level declines, flow of liquid carbon dioxide enters cavity volume under supercritical carbon dioxide storage, promotion dividing plate rises, ensure that on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, chamber pressure is constant, until the CO2 emission that on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume stores terminates, two storagies reach steady state.So far, two storagies complete level pressure air-bleed process.
In addition, can in mode at employing constant pressure energy storage/release, in the energy storage stage, preheating heat reservoir memory paragraph switch valve is opened, heat-carrying agent supply release heat-carrying agent, enter low pressure stage cooler, high pressure stage cooler and liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler cold flow side respectively, complete the exchange heat between the carbon dioxide that temperature is higher, and the heat of collection is stored in low pressure stage heat reservoir, high pressure stage heat reservoir and preheating heat reservoir respectively.
Can in mode at employing constant pressure energy storage/release, releasing the energy stage, cavity volume release of carbon dioxide on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, carbon dioxide enters preheating heat exchanger cold flow side, the heat reservoir of preheating is simultaneously released and can be opened by section switch valve, and preheating heat reservoir discharges heat-carrying agent, enters preheating exchanger heat fluid side, complete the warm to carbon dioxide, the heat-carrying agent after heat release returns heat-carrying agent supply.Carbon dioxide after preheating enters high pressure stage heat exchanger cold flow side, now high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve is opened, the release of high pressure stage heat reservoir stores heat, exchange heat is completed with carbon dioxide in high pressure stage heat exchanger, heat-carrying agent after heat release returns heat-carrying agent supply, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine of high pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and high pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine energizes high-pressure level generator externally generates electricity.The carbon dioxide leaving the carbon dioxide expanded machine of high pressure stage enters low pressure stage heat exchanger cold flow side, now low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve is opened, the heat that the release of low pressure stage heat reservoir stores, enter low pressure stage exchanger heat fluid side by heat-carrying agent and complete exchange heat, heat-carrying agent after cooling returns heat-carrying agent supply, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine of low pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and low pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine energize low-pressure level generator externally generates electricity.
Need reclaim carbon dioxide for preventing the leakage of carbon dioxide, pressure carbon dioxide controls at normal pressure through carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve by the carbon dioxide of the carbon dioxide expanded machine discharge of low pressure stage, the impurity purification of carbon dioxide is completed again through carbon dioxide return-air section filter, and controlled by carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve, return in normal pressure carbon dioxide storage and store.
When adopt constant volume energy storage/release can mode time, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve cuts out, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve is opened, high pressure stage cooler hot fluid side outlet place carbon dioxide, through supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, boosts to goal pressure by supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump and enters cavity volume storage on supercritical carbon dioxide storage.Due to cavity volume under now supercritical carbon dioxide storage and liquid carbon dioxide storage separate, without storing liquid in lower cavity volume, dividing plate is positioned at bottom supercritical carbon dioxide storage, therefore supercritical carbon dioxide storage can be considered certain volume receptacle.Complete the constant volume storing process of supercritical carbon dioxide thus.
When adopt constant volume energy storage/release can mode time, releasing can the stage, supercritical carbon dioxide is released and can be opened by section switch valve, and the release of supercritical carbon dioxide storage is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide of cavity volume.Same, because cavity volume under now supercritical carbon dioxide storage is separate with liquid carbon dioxide storage, without storage liquid in lower cavity volume, supercritical carbon dioxide storage can be considered certain volume receptacle.Supercritical carbon dioxide storage realizes constant volume deflation course thus.
Can in mode in employing constant volume energy storage/release, in the energy storage stage, heat-carrying agent supply release heat-carrying agent, enter low pressure stage cooler, high pressure stage cooler cold flow side respectively, complete the exchange heat between the carbon dioxide that temperature is higher, and the heat of collection is stored in low pressure stage heat reservoir, high pressure stage heat reservoir.So far, the heat recycle process in energy storage stage terminates.
Can in mode in employing constant volume energy storage/release, releasing the energy stage, supercritical carbon dioxide storage release of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide enters high pressure stage heat exchanger cold flow side, now high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve is opened, the release of high pressure stage heat reservoir stores heat, exchange heat is completed with carbon dioxide in high pressure stage heat exchanger, heat-carrying agent after heat release returns heat-carrying agent supply, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine of high pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and high pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine energizes high-pressure level generator externally generates electricity.The carbon dioxide leaving the carbon dioxide expanded machine of high pressure stage enters low pressure stage heat exchanger cold flow side, now low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve is opened, the heat that the release of low pressure stage heat reservoir stores, enter low pressure stage exchanger heat fluid side by heat-carrying agent and complete exchange heat, heat-carrying agent after cooling returns heat-carrying agent supply, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine of low pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and low pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine energize low-pressure level generator externally generates electricity.Afterwards, pressure carbon dioxide controls at normal pressure through carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve by the carbon dioxide of the carbon dioxide expanded machine discharge of low pressure stage, the impurity purification of carbon dioxide is completed again through carbon dioxide return-air section filter, and controlled by carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve, return in normal pressure carbon dioxide storage and store.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1, the present invention replaces air as the storage medium of energy storage technology using carbon dioxide, utilize the feature of the low critical pressure of carbon dioxide, low critical temperature, overcritical by it, between liquid state and gaseous state change of state completes energy storage and exoergic process, relative to the energy-storage system taking air as medium, adopt carbon dioxide obviously can reduce the design difficulty of energy-storage system core component, reduction system scale, reduce system cost, and enhance system security and stability while the higher system effectiveness of guarantee.
2, the present invention utilizes dual-memory mode, achieve under the condition not by external environment (as underground, seabed cavity) constant pressure energy storage of system/release can or constant volume energy storage/release can and different energy storage/release can transformation between pattern, make energy-storage system more effectively can complete storage and the release of energy, improve the flexibility of energy-storage system System Operation and power supply.
3, the present invention adopts carbon dioxide to be working medium, successfully solve the problem that the great amount of carbon dioxide that utilizes CCS technology to obtain but can not recycle, take full advantage of carbon dioxide, this invention simultaneously can with the renewable energy sources conbined usage such as wind energy, whole system does not produce the material of any befouling environment in running engineering, is genuine environmental protection, energy conserving system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is of the present invention take carbon dioxide as the structural representation of the pressurized gas energy-storage system of working medium;
Fig. 2 dual-memory working principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 carbon dioxide view.
In figure: 1 normal pressure carbon dioxide storage, 2 carbon dioxide air feed section switch valves, 3 carbon dioxide air feed section filters, 4 carbon dioxide air feed section safety check, 5 carbon dioxide air feed section exsiccators, 6 low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressors, 7 high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressors, 8 low pressure stage motor, 9 high pressure stage motor, 10 low pressure stage coolers, 11 high pressure stage coolers, 12 liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valves, 13 supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valves, 14 liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, 15 supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check, 16 liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pumps, 17 supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pumps, 18 liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauges, 19 supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauges, 20 liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph coolers, 21 liquid carbon dioxide storagies, 22 liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valves, 23 liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valves, 24 supercritical carbon dioxide storagies, 25 heat-carrying agent supplies, 26 high pressure stage heat reservoirs, 27 low pressure stage heat reservoirs, 28 preheating heat reservoirs, 29 preheatings heat reservoir memory paragraph switch valve, energy section switch valve released by 30 preheating heat reservoirs, 31 high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valves, 32 low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valves, energy section switch valve released by 33 supercritical carbon dioxides, 34 preheating heat exchangers, 35 high pressure stage heat exchangers, 36 low pressure stage heat exchangers, the carbon dioxide expanded machine of 37 high pressure stage, the carbon dioxide expanded machine of 38 low pressure stage, 39 high pressure stage generators, 40 low pressure stage generators, 41 carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve, 42 carbon dioxide return-air section filters, 43 carbon dioxide return-air section switch valves.
Embodiment
For making the object of this energy-storage system, technological scheme and advantage clearly understand, to develop simultaneously embodiment referring to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
As shown in Figure 1, of the present invention take carbon dioxide as the pressurized gas energy-storage system of working medium, by normal pressure carbon dioxide storage 1, carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve 2, carbon dioxide air feed section filter 3, carbon dioxide air feed section safety check 4, carbon dioxide air feed section exsiccator 5, low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 6, high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 7, low pressure stage motor 8, high pressure stage motor 9, low pressure stage cooler 10, high pressure stage cooler 11, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 12, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 13, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check 14, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check 15, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump 16, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump 17, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge 18, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge 19, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler 20, liquid carbon dioxide storage 21, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve 22, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve 23, supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, heat-carrying agent supply 25, high pressure stage heat reservoir 26, low pressure stage heat reservoir 27, preheating heat reservoir 28, preheating heat reservoir memory paragraph switch valve 29, energy section switch valve 30 released by preheating heat reservoir, high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve 31, low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve 32, energy section switch valve 33 released by supercritical carbon dioxide, preheating heat exchanger 34, high pressure stage heat exchanger 35, low pressure stage heat exchanger 36, the carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 of high pressure stage, the carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 of low pressure stage, high pressure stage generator 39, low pressure stage generator 40, carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve 41, carbon dioxide return-air section filter 42, composition such as carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve 43 grade, specific operation process is:
The normal temperature and pressure carbon dioxide stored in normal pressure carbon dioxide storage 1, controls gas supply by carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve 2.Carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve 2 is opened, the carbon dioxide that the release of normal pressure carbon dioxide storage 1 stores, filter through carbon dioxide air feed section filter 3, elimination foreign gas, carbon dioxide air feed section safety check 4 prevents carbon dioxide from refluxing, to anhydrate drying through carbon dioxide air feed section exsiccator 5 again, enter low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 6 and compress.
Low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 6 is driven by low pressure stage motor 8, and the electric energy of motor can from renewable energy sourcess such as electric power more than needed or wind energies.After low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 6 compresses, pressure carbon dioxide, temperature raise, and cool through low pressure stage cooler 10, enter high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 7, high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 7 is driven by high pressure stage motor 9.Realize after boosting intensification through high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor 7, carbon dioxide enters high pressure stage cooler 11 and lowers the temperature, subsequently according to energy storage/releasing energy pattern (level pressure or constant volume) experience following process respectively.
When adopt constant pressure energy storage/release can mode time, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 12 is opened, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 13 cuts out, carbon dioxide is through liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check 14, after boosting to goal pressure by liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump 16, cool through liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler 20, enter liquid carbon dioxide storage 21 and store.Meanwhile, supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 is two chamber pressure containers, middle by one can vertical sliding motion and the dividing plate of airtight thermal insulation separately.Supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in cavity volume, and liquid carbon dioxide is stored in lower cavity volume.Initial time, dividing plate is positioned at bottom supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve 22 is opened, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve 23 cuts out, in liquid carbon dioxide storage 21, liquid carbon dioxide enters supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 times cavity volumes through supply segment pipe, forms connecting vessels structure, and in liquid carbon dioxide storage 21, liquid level declines, supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 times cavity volume liquid levels rise, and promote dividing plate moves.Liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge 18 indicates liquid pressure carbon dioxide value, and when storing pressure and reaching goal pressure, two storagies reach stable, and dividing plate and liquid level are all in settling position.
After this, close liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 12, open supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 13, high pressure stage cooler 11 hot fluid side outlet place carbon dioxide is through supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check 15, boost to goal pressure by supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump 17, supercritical carbon dioxide enters cavity volume on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 and stores.Pressure data can be obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge 19.Now, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve 22 cuts out, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve 23 is opened, when supercritical carbon dioxide enters cavity volume on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, due to upper vessel portion pressure increase, dividing plate declines, and dividing plate promotes liquid carbon dioxide in lower cavity volume and is back in liquid carbon dioxide storage 21, and in liquid carbon dioxide storage 21, liquid level is gone up.When supercritical carbon dioxide is stored into desired value, process terminates.Two storagies complete level pressure gas storage process thus.
Can in mode at employing constant pressure energy storage/release, releasing the energy stage, liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve 22 is opened, liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve 23 cuts out, open supercritical carbon dioxide simultaneously and release energy section switch valve 33, supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 release is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide of cavity volume.Along with the memory space of cavity volume carbon dioxide on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 reduces, liquid carbon dioxide storage 21 liquid level declines, flow of liquid carbon dioxide enters supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 times cavity volumes, promotion dividing plate rises, ensure that on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, chamber pressure is constant, until the CO2 emission that on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, cavity volume stores terminates, two storagies reach steady state.So far, two storagies complete level pressure air-bleed process.
In addition, can in mode at employing constant pressure energy storage/release, in the energy storage stage, preheating heat reservoir memory paragraph switch valve 29 is opened, heat-carrying agent supply 25 discharges heat-carrying agent, enter low pressure stage cooler 10, high pressure stage cooler 11 and liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler 20 cold flow side respectively, complete the exchange heat between the carbon dioxide that temperature is higher, and the heat of collection is stored in low pressure stage heat reservoir 27, high pressure stage heat reservoir 26 and preheating heat reservoir 28 respectively.
Can in mode at employing constant pressure energy storage/release, releasing the energy stage, cavity volume release of carbon dioxide on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, carbon dioxide enters preheating heat exchanger 34 cold flow side, the heat reservoir of preheating is simultaneously released and can be opened by section switch valve 30, and preheating heat reservoir 28 discharges heat-carrying agent, enters preheating heat exchanger 34 hot-fluid side, complete the warm to carbon dioxide, the heat-carrying agent after heat release returns heat-carrying agent supply 25.Carbon dioxide after preheating enters high pressure stage heat exchanger 35 cold flow side, now high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve 31 is opened, high pressure stage heat reservoir 26 discharges and stores heat, exchange heat is completed with carbon dioxide in high pressure stage heat exchanger 35, heat-carrying agent after heat release returns heat-carrying agent supply 25, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 of high pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and high pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 energizes high-pressure level generator 39 externally generates electricity.The carbon dioxide leaving the carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 of high pressure stage enters low pressure stage heat exchanger 36 cold flow side, now low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve 32 is opened, low pressure stage heat reservoir 27 discharges the heat stored, enter low pressure stage heat exchanger 36 hot-fluid side by heat-carrying agent and complete exchange heat, heat-carrying agent after cooling returns heat-carrying agent supply 25, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 of low pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and low pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 energize low-pressure level generator 40 externally generates electricity.
Need reclaim carbon dioxide for preventing the leakage of carbon dioxide, pressure carbon dioxide controls at normal pressure through carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve 41 by the carbon dioxide that the carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 of low pressure stage discharges, the impurity purification of carbon dioxide is completed again through carbon dioxide return-air section filter 42, and controlled by carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve 43, return in normal pressure carbon dioxide storage 1 and store.
When adopt constant volume energy storage/release can mode time, liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 12 cuts out, supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve 13 is opened, high pressure stage cooler 11 hot fluid side outlet place carbon dioxide, through supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check 15, boosts to goal pressure by supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump 17 and enters cavity volume storage on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24.Due to now supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 times cavity volumes and liquid carbon dioxide storage 21 separate, without storing liquid in lower cavity volume, dividing plate is positioned at bottom supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, therefore supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 can be considered certain volume receptacle.Complete the constant volume storing process of supercritical carbon dioxide thus.
When adopt constant volume energy storage/release can mode time, releasing can the stage, supercritical carbon dioxide is released and can be opened by section switch valve 33, and supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 release is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide of cavity volume.Same, because now supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 times cavity volumes are separate with liquid carbon dioxide storage 21, without storage liquid in lower cavity volume, supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 can be considered certain volume receptacle.Supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 realizes constant volume deflation course thus.
Can in mode in employing constant volume energy storage/release, in the energy storage stage, heat-carrying agent supply 25 discharges heat-carrying agent, enter low pressure stage cooler 10, high pressure stage cooler 11 cold flow side respectively, complete the exchange heat between the carbon dioxide that temperature is higher, and the heat of collection is stored in low pressure stage heat reservoir 27, high pressure stage heat reservoir 26.So far, the heat recycle process in energy storage stage terminates.
Can in mode in employing constant volume energy storage/release, releasing the energy stage, supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 release of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide enters high pressure stage heat exchanger 35 cold flow side, now high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve 31 is opened, high pressure stage heat reservoir 26 discharges and stores heat, exchange heat is completed with carbon dioxide in high pressure stage heat exchanger 35, heat-carrying agent after heat release returns heat-carrying agent supply 25, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 of high pressure stage and realizes expansion work, high pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 energizes high-pressure level generator 39 externally generates electricity.The carbon dioxide leaving the carbon dioxide expanded machine 37 of high pressure stage enters low pressure stage heat exchanger 36 cold flow side, now low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve 32 is opened, low pressure stage heat reservoir 27 discharges the heat stored, enter low pressure stage heat exchanger 36 hot-fluid side by heat-carrying agent and complete exchange heat, heat-carrying agent after cooling returns heat-carrying agent supply 25, carbon dioxide after intensification enters the carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 of low pressure stage and realizes expansion work, and low pressure stage carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 energize low-pressure level generator 40 externally generates electricity.Afterwards, pressure carbon dioxide controls at normal pressure through carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve 41 by the carbon dioxide that the carbon dioxide expanded machine 38 of low pressure stage discharges, the impurity purification of carbon dioxide is completed again through carbon dioxide return-air section filter 42, and controlled by carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve 43, return in normal pressure carbon dioxide storage 1 and store.
Fig. 2 shows in detail dual-memory working principle schematic diagram of the present invention.When described supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24 works, supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in cavity volume, and liquid carbon dioxide is stored in lower cavity volume.Liquid carbon dioxide storage 21 is connected with cavity volume under supercritical carbon dioxide storage by liquid feeding pipeline, liquid return pipe road, on supercritical carbon dioxide storage 24, cavity volume arranges air inlet pipeline and outlet pipe, completes storage and the release of supercritical carbon dioxide.
When adopting level pressure gas storage/bleed strategy:
In Fig. 2-A, initial time, supercritical carbon dioxide storage stores without gas, liquid, and dividing plate is positioned at supercritical carbon dioxide storage bottom.Liquid feeding pipeline is opened, and liquid carbon dioxide storage delivering liquid carbon dioxide enters cavity volume under supercritical carbon dioxide storage, promotes dividing plate moves, and liquid carbon dioxide storage liquid level declines simultaneously.When two chamber pressure reach balance, liquid carbon dioxide no longer flows, and two cavity volume liquid level stabilizings, dividing plate no longer rises.Now two storagies reach the steady state shown in Fig. 2-B.
The level pressure gas storage stage, as as shown in Fig. 2-C, supercritical carbon dioxide enters cavity volume on supercritical carbon dioxide storage by air inlet pipeline, promotion dividing plate glides, under supercritical carbon dioxide storage, in cavity volume, liquid carbon dioxide is squeezed and enters liquid return pipe road, returns supercritical carbon dioxide storage.In the process, cavity volume air inlet on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, dividing plate declines, and liquid carbon dioxide storage liquid level rises.When on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume reaches designated store amount, gas storage process terminates, and two storagies reach the steady state as shown in Fig. 2-D.In the level pressure air-bleed stage, as shown in Fig. 2-A, now on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume is filled with CO 2 medium.In upper cavity volume, carbon dioxide is externally discharged by supercritical carbon dioxide storage outlet pipe, and memory space reduces.Liquid carbon dioxide storage is by liquid feeding pipeline to cavity volume supply liquid carbon dioxide under supercritical carbon dioxide storage, and promote dividing plate moves, in guarantee, cavity volume internal pressure is constant.When deflation course terminates, two cavity volumes reach balance again, and liquid carbon dioxide no longer flows, two cavity volume liquid level stabilizings, and dividing plate no longer rises, and now two storagies reach the steady state shown in Fig. 2-B.
As mentioned above, two storagies complete level pressure gas storage/deflation course.
When adopting constant volume gas storage/bleed strategy:
When adopting constant volume gas storage/bleed strategy, supercritical carbon dioxide storage is in running order, and liquid carbon dioxide storage is in idle state.Dividing plate is positioned at bottom supercritical carbon dioxide storage, and on supercritical carbon dioxide storage, cavity volume can be considered a constant volume container, utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide storage air inlet pipeline and outlet pipe to complete constant volume gas storage/venting respectively.
In addition, based on level pressure gas storage/bleed strategy and constant volume gas storage/bleed strategy, dual-memory system also can realize level pressure gas storage/constant volume venting or constant volume gas storage/level pressure air-bleed.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. be a pressurized gas energy-storage system for working medium with carbon dioxide, comprise: carbon dioxide feeding unit, carbon dioxide compression energy-storage units, carbon dioxide expanded releasing can unit, heat-carrying agent circulation loop, it is characterized in that:
Described carbon dioxide feeding unit comprises normal pressure carbon dioxide storage (1);
Described carbon dioxide compression energy-storage units comprises low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (6), high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (7), liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (16), supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (17), liquid carbon dioxide storage (21) and supercritical carbon dioxide storage (24), wherein
--the suction port of described low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (6) is communicated with by the air outlet of pipeline with described normal pressure carbon dioxide storage (1), the pressurized gas that described low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (6) produces, through the hot fluid rear flank of low pressure stage cooler (10), pass into the suction port of described high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (7) through gas piping;
--the pressurized gas that described high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (7) produces are through the hot fluid rear flank of high pressure stage cooler (11), a part passes into described liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (16) through the gas piping with liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve (12), the pressurized gas that described liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (16) produces enter described liquid carbon dioxide storage (21) through the hot fluid rear flank of liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler (20), another part passes into described supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (17) through the gas piping with supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph switch valve (13), the pressurized gas that described supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (17) produces pass into the upper cavity volume of described supercritical carbon dioxide storage (24),
--the liquid carbon dioxide that described liquid carbon dioxide storage (21) stores, liquid feeding pipeline through being provided with liquid carbon dioxide supply section switch valve (22) passes into cavity volume under described supercritical carbon dioxide storage (24), the liquid carbon dioxide that under described supercritical carbon dioxide storage (24), cavity volume stores, the liquid feeding pipeline through being provided with liquid carbon dioxide reflux section switch valve (23) passes into described liquid carbon dioxide storage (21);
Described carbon dioxide expanded releasing can comprise the carbon dioxide expanded machine of high pressure stage (37) and the carbon dioxide expanded machine of low pressure stage (38) by unit, wherein,
--the pressurized gas that described supercritical carbon dioxide storage (24) stores, release can pass into the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described high pressure stage (37) in the gas piping of section switch valve (33) the cold fluid rear flank that passes into preheating heat exchanger (34) and high pressure stage heat exchanger (35) successively through being provided with supercritical carbon dioxide;
--the gas after the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described high pressure stage (37) expands, the cold fluid rear flank passing into low pressure stage heat exchanger (36) through gas piping passes into the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described low pressure stage (38);
--the gas after the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described low pressure stage (38) expands flows into normal pressure carbon dioxide storage (1);
Described heat-carrying agent circulation loop comprises heat-carrying agent supply (25), high pressure stage heat reservoir (26), low pressure stage heat reservoir (27) and preheating are with heat reservoir (28), heat-carrying agent in described heat-carrying agent supply (25) passes into low pressure stage cooler (10) by the road respectively, high pressure stage cooler (11), the cold fluid rear flank of liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler (20) enters described low pressure stage heat reservoir (27), high pressure stage heat reservoir (26), preheating is with heat reservoir (28), described low pressure stage heat reservoir (27), high pressure stage heat reservoir (26), heat-carrying agent in preheating heat reservoir (28) passes into low pressure stage heat exchanger (36) by the road respectively, high pressure stage heat exchanger (35), the hot fluid rear flank of preheating heat exchanger (34) enters described heat-carrying agent supply (25).
2. pressurized gas energy-storage system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, heat-carrying agent is divided by a common low temperature heat-carrying agent supply line cold flow side delivering to low pressure stage cooler (10), high pressure stage cooler (11), liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler (20) by described heat-carrying agent supply (25), and the supply line be positioned between heat-carrying agent supply (25) and liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph cooler (20) is provided with preheating heat reservoir memory paragraph switch valve (29).
3. pressurized gas energy-storage system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described low pressure stage heat reservoir (27), high pressure stage heat reservoir (26), heat-carrying agent is delivered to low pressure stage heat exchanger (36) respectively by respective independently high temperature heat-carrying agent supply line by preheating heat reservoir (28) respectively, high pressure stage heat exchanger (35), the preheating hot-fluid side of heat exchanger (34), wherein, supply line between described low pressure stage heat reservoir (27) and low pressure stage heat exchanger (36) is provided with low pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve (32), supply line between described high pressure stage heat reservoir (26) and high pressure stage heat exchanger (35) is provided with high pressure stage heat reservoir switch valve (31), supply line between described preheating heat reservoir (28) and preheating heat exchanger (34) is provided with preheating heat reservoir and releases energy section switch valve (30).
4. pressurized gas energy-storage system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the inlet ductwork of described liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (16) is provided with liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check (14), and export pipeline is provided with liquid carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge (18).
5. the pressurized gas energy-storage system according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, the inlet ductwork of described supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pump (17) is provided with supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph safety check (15), and export pipeline is provided with supercritical carbon dioxide memory paragraph pressure gauge (19).
6. the pressurized gas energy-storage system according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, the gas piping between described normal pressure carbon dioxide storage (1) and low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (6) is provided with carbon dioxide air feed section switch valve (2), carbon dioxide air feed section filter (3), carbon dioxide air feed section safety check (4) and carbon dioxide air feed section exsiccator (5).
7. the pressurized gas energy-storage system according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, the gas piping between the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described low pressure stage (38) and normal pressure carbon dioxide storage (1) is provided with carbon dioxide return-air section reduction valve (41), carbon dioxide return-air section filter (42) and carbon dioxide return-air section switch valve (43).
8. the pressurized gas energy-storage system according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described low pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (6), high pressure stage carbon-dioxide gas compressor (7) are driven by low pressure stage motor (8), high pressure stage motor (9) respectively.
9. the pressurized gas energy-storage system according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, the carbon dioxide expanded machine of described high pressure stage (37), the carbon dioxide expanded machine of low pressure stage (38) drive high pressure stage generator (39), low pressure stage generator (40) respectively.
10. the pressurized gas energy-storage system according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described supercritical carbon dioxide storage (24) is two chamber pressure containers, comprises cavity volume and lower cavity volume, two in the middle of cavity volumes by one can vertical sliding motion and the dividing plate of airtight thermal insulation separately.
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