CN103449607B - Non-point source pollution abatement method for plain river network regions - Google Patents
Non-point source pollution abatement method for plain river network regions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-point source pollution abatement method for riverside wetlands. The method comprises the following steps: A, selecting a riverside source which takes planting and breeding industries as pollutant sources and is smooth in water current as a pollution abatement area; B, arranging fences in the riverside pollution abatement area, setting a pollutant concentrated input area as a matrix absorptive area, and setting the other parts of a riverway as aquatic plant absorptive areas, wherein the fences are made of bamboo and wood or concrete.; C, putting straws in the matrix absorptive area, wherein the putting amount is 20-25 kg/m<2>; planting myriophyllum aquaticum in the aquatic plant absorptive areas, wherein the canopy density reaches 20-30%; and D, managing a riverside wetland system, namely, after running 4-5 months, complementing straws with a putting amount of 15-20 kg/m<2> for the matrix absorptive area, harvesting the myriophyllum aquaticum at an interval of 1-2 months, and timely repairing the damaged fences. The method disclosed by the invention is low in construction and running costs, simple to operate, and easily accepted by grass-roots departments of towns and villages and the like, and has an excellent treatment effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demands in riverside sewage, therefore, the method has a good popularization and application prospect for subtropical plain river network regions of China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural environment field, more specifically relate to a kind of improvement method of the Plain River Network Areas pollutent that cultivates source, be particularly useful for the improvement that Plain River Network Areas, drought subtropics water pollutes, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) of reduction water body and nitrogen and phosphorus content are more than 95%.
Background technology
In recent years along with the high speed development of large-scale cultivation industry, it is outstanding day by day that breeding waste discharges the body eutrophication problem of the rivers and lakes that cause, aquaculture has become the important sources of China's agricultural area source pollutants nitrogen phosphorus.According to the result of national Pollutant source investigation in 2010, the main Sewage Water Emissions amount in the annual agricultural of China source is respectively: 1324.09 ten thousand tons of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD), 270.46 tons of total nitrogens, 28.47 ten thousand tons of total phosphorus, wherein livestock and poultry breeding industry is the main source of COD (95.8%) and total phosphorus (56.3%) discharge, and plant husbandry is total nitrogen discharged main source (59.1%).The measure that improvement China of body eutrophication is taked is at present mainly taking engineering measure as main, as remove lake silt, carry out sanitary sewage disposal etc., soil treatment (absorb etc. and to be used for purifying waste water by soil filtration, absorption, precipitation, ion-exchange, microbial transformation and plant) etc.Although having spent a large amount of manpower and materials, the local government of domestic several large-size lake and neighboring area thereof adopt engineering measure to administer eutrophication, but can restore to the original state again after 1-2, regulation effect is not good enough generally, and tracing it to its cause is mainly that the source of pollutent is not effectively controlled.In river network in plain areas, subtropics, because landform is mild, sluggish flow, the body eutrophication problem that plant husbandry and aquaculture cause is very outstanding, but the governing problem of water pollution is a difficult problem for local water environment treatment always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide one to utilize straw and the green watermifoil of waterplant (Myriophyllum elatinoides) to process the improvement method of Plain River Network Areas (creek) water pollution in plant husbandry and aquaculture source, this sewage water treatment method suits measures to local conditions to build multistage grid, the creek source wet land system of degree of depth 150-250cm, set up rice straw district and the green watermifoil wetland plant district that dissolves that dissolves by adding straw and the green watermifoil of floating plant of planting, with COD and the nitrogen phosphorus of degrading and dissolving in plain river network water body simultaneously, COD in creek outlet water at tail end, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is than content (COD3000-5000mg/L in the water inlet of creek head, ammonia nitrogen 500-800mgN/L, total phosphorus 40-80mgP/L) reduce more than 95%, water quality reaches national farmland irrigating water's water quality standard (COD≤150-200mg/L, GB5084-2005), can significantly improve local water body environment.The method is utilized waste material (straw) and the repairing effect of the green watermifoil of waterplant to environment of local plant husbandry, easy to operate, running cost is low, suitablely applies in drought Plain River Network Areas.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A method for Plain River Network Areas controlling area-source pollution, the steps include:
A, determine creek Pollution abatement district: select the creek region taking plant husbandry and aquaculture as pollutant sources in Plain River Network Areas, subtropics, and meet following primary condition: be the position, source of creek, channel length≤500m, width≤25m, the water flows gently (flow velocity≤0.2m/s), depth of water 150-250cm.
B, build multistage fence: rice straw district and the green watermifoil waterplant district that dissolves that dissolves is set in creek Pollution abatement district, with degradation of sewage COD with receive the nitrogen phosphorus in water body, fence is set between different zones to keep rice straw and waterplant to there is metastable hydrological environment, and prevents that straw and green watermifoil from being washed away by flood.Space layout, specification and the quantity of fence in creek is all determined according to the particular case of creek water body and pollutent input point, is mainly comprised:
1) space layout of fence: each pollutent input point in river course (being generally the source of main stem or the anabranch ingress to main stem) arranges fence one, fence is the rice straw district that dissolves above; On main stem, at interval of 50-60m, fence being set one, is the green watermifoil waterplant district that dissolves between fence, and improvement district, downstream, river course end is water outlet (sees Fig. 1: creek Wetland ecological control measures space layout).
2) design of fence: fence is set in creek, and the specification shape of fence is as shown in Fig. 2 (creek wetland fence design section figure).General river course can first arrange 4-6 root timber, squeeze into river bed 30-40cm and fixed, then at the upper and lower each crossbeam (taking bamboo as good, lightweight and durable) of fixing of timber, between lower and upper cross-member, prick upper batten or bamboo chip, fence gap length 20-25cm.Fence height flushes with riverbank, and lower end is than the low 20-25cm of river lowest water level.The fence of two sides, left and right, river course is therefrom separated, and a reserved passage (width 200-250cm), so that canoe travels that in river course wetland is managed.
3) material of fence: the material of fence each several part can be wood, bamboo or concrete.
Described multistage fence is 10-15 road.
C, subregion are placed straw and plant green watermifoil: near the higher (COD>3000mg/L of (within the scope of 20-25m) Pollutant levels creek Pollution abatement district's internal contamination thing enters mouth, ammonia nitrogen >500mgN/L), matrix more than fence is dissolved in district and is placed straw, and placement amount is 20-25kg/m
2; Green watermifoil is planted in waterplant in main stem between the two-stage fence district that dissolves, and seedling consumption is that closing water surface 20-30% is advisable.The matrix district that dissolves is positioned at the upstream of creek, and the waterplant district that dissolves is positioned at the downstream (Fig. 1: creek Wetland ecological control measures space layout) of creek.
The Operation and management of D, Plain River Network Areas creek marsh sewage treatment system: build up multistage (10-15 level) fence in selected sewage disposal region, and after subregion placement straw and green watermifoil, creek marsh sewage treatment system is accused and built up.This system is mainly utilized the effect of straw and green watermifoil the water pollutant of dissolving, thereby improves water quality.The removal effect that COD, ammonia nitrogen and the total phosphorus of district's outlet water body are administered in system operation for 1 month later can reach more than 95% (in table 1).Water body through administering is by the natural flow migrated downstream of creek water body, without any need for exogenous power.After wetland normally moves 4-5 month, the dissolve straw in district of matrix is supplemented to (15-20kg/m
2), to maintain the good effect of dissolving in this district.To green watermifoil growing area, within every 1-2 month, can gather in the crops (salvaging) once fresh grass, harvest area accounts for the 70-80% of green watermifoil distribution area.In addition, also to make regular check on the situation of fence, find will repairing in time of damage.
Described waterplant refers to green watermifoil (Myriophyllum elatinoides), the selected green watermifoil of the present invention is as the dissolve plant in district of wetland, be according to test-results it than other waterplant, stronger pollutent as concrete in mullet grass (Pontederia cordata), Herba Eichhorniae (Eichharnia crassipes), water peanut (Alternanthera philoxeroides) etc. the ability of dissolving, be mainly reflected in: 1. have the feature of submerged plant and floating plant concurrently, the scope (10-250cm) that can adapt to change of level is wider; 2. biomass high (produce fresh grass per year and can reach 15 tons/mu), the more nitrogen phosphorus of dissolving; (3) there is the ability of adaptation high pollution (ammonia nitrogen≤500mgN/L) water body.
Above-mentioned four steps relation is each other described in further detail:
Steps A: select the creek source of width relatively little (≤25m) as Pollution abatement district, and require current relatively mild (flow velocity≤0.2m/s), so that for the improvement of polluted-water provides a metastable hydrological environment, avoid overflow stage current that straw, green watermifoil etc. are washed away, thereby affect the stability of overall regulation effect.
Step B: district builds multistage fence in creek Pollution abatement, and object is: 1. prevent that straw and green watermifoil from being washed away by flood; 2. according to pollution level, different control measures is set, adopt the rice straw method of dissolving to eliminate the pollutent in high pollution district (ammonia nitrogen >500mgN/L), and adopt the green watermifoil wetland plant slightly pollutent of low area (ammonia nitrogen <500mgN/L) of pollution level of dissolving; 3. be convenient to sectional management.
Step C: in the high region of pollution level, placing straw is the favourable condition that is suitable for microbial reproduction of utilizing the self-contained facultative type microorganism of straw and creation thereof, promotes the organic matter in degraded water body, thereby reduces the COD of polluted-water; Green watermifoil is heavy water or the swimming property waterplant that is suitable for subtropical zone growth, can be by the whole water surface of the closing of nourishing and generating rapidly (4-10 month only needs 10-20 days), along with the normal growth of green watermifoil, can directly absorb the nitrogen phosphorus of dissolving in water body, thereby reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of water body.Through the improvement of about 30 days, the water quality of creek Pollution abatement district outlet can significantly improve, wherein the concentration of COD and nitrogen phosphorus can reduce more than 95% (in table 1), although water quality not yet reaches the surface water V of the People's Republic of China (PRC) class water quality standard (GB3838-2002) of issuing and implementation in 2002, but reach farmland irrigating water's water quality standard (GB5084-2005), can be used as local field irrigation.
The regulation effect (building up 30 days) of table 1 Plain River Network Areas creek wetland sewage
Step D, at interval of 4-5 month, the dissolve straw in district of matrix is supplemented to (15-20kg/m
2) upgrade, object is to maintain the good pollutent in this district effect of dissolving.Will regularly gather in the crops green watermifoil for the waterplant district that dissolves, object is that the nitrogen phosphorus absorbing by waterplant and from water body shifts out beyond river course.Green watermifoil breeding is very rapid, output is very high, general every mu of water surface can produce fresh careless 15 tons above (it is more than 1.5 tons giving money as a gift), the biomass of results can be used as fertilizer and are directly used in orchard, tea place, or after harmless treatment (killing ova and germ), make animal-feed in addition recycling benefit is better.Make regular check on repair fence object be ensure the different regions of dissolving in good running status.
The present invention, compared with existing sewage treatment project, has the following advantages and effect:
1. the Pollution abatement technology of eutrophication water is had to certain novelty and had at present a lot of methods for the improvement of water pollution, but mainly concentrate the technology of the high-concentration waste water discharging as main, as plant's wastewater processing technologies such as methane-generating pit, oxidation pond, aeration tanks to adopt engineering measure to administer.The measure that improvement China of the eutrophication waters such as rivers and lakes is taked at present mainly removing mud, carry out that sanitary sewage focuses on, soil treatment (purifying waste water by soil filtration, absorption, precipitation, ion-exchange, microbial transformation and plant sorption) etc.So far, also there is no suitable method for the improvement of river course high pollution water body.The present invention is directed to the feature that Plain River Network Areas, the subtropics water yield is plentiful, the water flows gently, gather materials on the spot and utilize natural creek to build artificial swamp, and by being set, multistage fence, with the different measure of laying, water pollution is carried out to subregion improvement, degraded and sorption by straw and waterplant are processed pollutent nitrogen phosphorus in water body, thereby effectively improve the water quality of high pollution water body, and reduce the pollutent migration of water body downstream, reduce the harm of body eutrophication.
Construction cost is low: existing sewage treatment project need to be built anaerobic pond, aeration tank and is equipped with the mechanical means such as corresponding solid-liquid separating machine, blast aeration machine, and capital construction cost at least will be more than 1,000,000 yuan.Main construction cost of the present invention is only fence, straw, green watermifoil seedling etc., taking the creek of total length 400m left and right as example, construction cost comprises: 30,000 yuan of the material of fence and construction costs, 4.5 ten thousand yuan/year of straw interpolation, renewal and labour costs, 30,000 yuan of green watermifoil funds of seed (disposable), add up to total construction cost to be about 10.5 ten thousand yuan, generally, lower than other sewage treatment project, general villages and small towns collective all can accept.
2. running cost is low, simple to operate: in existing sewage disposal technology, aeration mechanical means needs electric power, and this treatment process is utilized the natural flow of water body completely, without any need for external energy power.Although straw upgrades and green watermifoil results need a small amount of work force-summing device (canoe), but operate very simple, maintenance cost every year on average generally only needs ten thousand yuan of 8-10, the general running cost lower than other sewage treatment project, and the green watermifoil of results can also produce certain economic benefit as after fertilizer or animal-feed utilization, thereby offset part running cost.
3. regulation effect is good: this creek wetland method for controlling area-source pollution was through the operation of about 30 days, the water quality of administering district's outlet can significantly improve, wherein the concentration of COD and nitrogen phosphorus can reduce more than 95% (in table 1), has fabulous regulation effect.
In a word, present method construction cost and running cost are low, simple to operate, creek Water, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) are had to fabulous regulation effect, easily accepted by departments of basic unit such as villages and small towns, have good popularizing application prospect in Subtropical China Plain River Network Areas.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of space layout schematic diagram of creek pollution ecology improvement method.
The 1 matrix district that dissolves; The 2 waterplant district that dissolves;
creek
fence
Fig. 2 is a kind of fence design section schematic diagram.
3 passages (wide 200-250cm); 4 timbers (
be fixed to river bed); 5 crossbeams (
); 6 wood chips or bamboo chip (width 2-3cm).
Wherein: 1-matrix dissolve district, 2-waterplant dissolve district, 3-passage, 4-timber, 5-crossbeam, 6-wood chip or bamboo chip.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The improvement method (taking Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province as example) of creek source, a kind of 400m long river sewage, it comprises the following steps:
A, determine creek Pollution abatement district: the broken end creek (being the source of creek) of selecting one seriously polluted (COD>3000mg/L) in Plain River Network Areas, creek surrounding resident is about 300 people, plough 500 mu, cultivation amount is about 200 (pigs), have 5 of discharge of wastewater points (creek trouble), sewage source is mainly pig raising waste thing, sanitary sewage and farmland drainage.Creek length 400m left and right, width 10-20m, creek depth of water 150-220cm, flow velocity <0.2m/s.
B, build multistage fence: near each breeding wastewater input aperture, (20-25m) arranges bamboo post-and-paling in creek Pollution abatement district, and fence adds up to Shi Sidao, per pass fence comprises four timbers 4, four bamboo crossbeams 5 and 40-80 root bamboo chips 6.Creek head to first fence is the matrix district 1 that dissolves; On main stem, at interval of 50-55m, fence being set one, 34, passage is set, is the waterplant district 2 that dissolves between fence.In the middle of per pass fence, all reserve the wide passage 3 of 250cm, be convenient to canoe and navigate by water by (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2).Material and the executive cost of building fence are about 30,000 yuan.Described waterplant specifically refers to green watermifoil.
C, subregion place straw and plant green watermifoil: place straw (20kg/m in the rice straw district 1 that dissolves
2); Plant green watermifoil in dissolve 2 kinds, district of waterplant, seedling consumption is advisable with closing water surface 20-30%.Straw and green watermifoil fund of seed are approximately respectively 4.5 ten thousand yuan and 30,000 yuan.
D, Operation and management: after creek marsh sewage treatment system builds up, mainly utilize the effect of dissolving to pollutent of straw and green watermifoil, improve water quality, the treatment effect that moves COD of sewage, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus after 1 month can reach more than 95% (in table 1).Water body through administering is by the natural flow migrated downstream of creek water body, without any need for exogenous power.After wetland normally moves 4-5 month, the dissolve straw in district 1 of matrix is supplemented to (15-20kg/m
2), to maintain the good effect of dissolving in this district.To the waterplant district 2 that dissolves, within every 1-2 month, can gather in the crops (salvaging) once fresh grass, harvest area accounts for the 70-80% of green watermifoil distribution area.Annual fresh careless output is about 180 tons (give money as a gift is 18 tons), can be used as the fertilizer in 15 mu of orchards or tea place, and the benefit of replacing fertilizer is about 0.2 ten thousand yuan, if be processed into pig feed, benefit can reach ten thousand yuan of 1.8-2.In addition, also to make regular check on the situation of fence, find will repairing in time of damage.The operational and administrative expenses (being mainly labour cost) of the creek marsh sewage treatment system of annual length 400m left and right is about 30,000 yuan.
The described matrix district that dissolves refers to and utilizes the dissolve region of pollution degradation water pollutant (COD and nitrogen phosphorus) of straw; The waterplant district that dissolves refers to the region that utilizes the green watermifoil degraded and absorbed of waterplant water pollutant (COD and nitrogen phosphorus).
Claims (1)
1. a method for Plain River Network Areas controlling area-source pollution, the steps include:
A, determine creek Pollution abatement district: select the creek region taking plant husbandry and aquaculture as pollutant sources in Plain River Network Areas, subtropics, meet following condition: be the position, source of creek, channel length≤500m, width≤25m, the water flows gently, depth of water 150-250cm;
B, build multistage fence: rice straw district and the green watermifoil waterplant district that dissolves that dissolves is set in creek Pollution abatement district, with degradation of sewage COD with receive the nitrogen phosphorus in water body, fence is set between different zones to keep rice straw and waterplant to there is metastable hydrological environment, space layout, specification and the quantity of fence in creek is determined according to creek water body and pollutent input point, being comprised:
1) space layout of fence: at one fence of each pollutent input point setting, fence is the rice straw district that dissolves above; On main stem, at interval of 50-60m, fence being set one, is the green watermifoil waterplant district that dissolves between fence;
2) design of fence: fence is set in creek, river course first arranges 4-6 root timber, squeezing into river bed 30-40cm is fixed, then at the upper and lower each crossbeam of fixing of timber, between lower and upper cross-member, prick upper batten or bamboo chip, fence gap length 20-25cm, fence height flushes with riverbank, lower end is than the low 20-25cm of river lowest water level, and the fence of two sides, left and right, river course is therefrom separated, the passage of a reserved wide 200-250cm;
3) material of fence: the material of fence each several part is wood, bamboo or concrete;
Described multistage fence is 10-15 road;
C, subregion are placed straw and plant green watermifoil: near Pollutant levels: COD>3000mg/L creek Pollution abatement district's internal contamination thing enters mouth, ammonia nitrogen >500mgN/L, matrix more than fence is dissolved in district and is placed straw, and placement amount is 20-25kg/m
2; Plant green watermifoil in the waterplant district that dissolves, seedling consumption is closing water surface 20-30%, and two kinds of measures space layout in creek is: the matrix district that dissolves is positioned at upstream, and the waterplant district that dissolves is positioned in the middle of river course and downstream;
The Operation and management of D, Plain River Network Areas creek marsh sewage treatment system: build 10-15 level fence in selected sewage disposal region, and after subregion placement straw and green watermifoil, creek marsh sewage treatment system builds up, this system is utilized the effect of straw and green watermifoil the water pollutant of dissolving, and the removal effect that COD, ammonia nitrogen and the total phosphorus of district's outlet water body are administered in system operation for 1 month later can reach 95%.
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| CN105621618A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-06-01 | 沈勤 | Livestock/poultry aquiculture wastewater ecological treatment system |
| CN105541033A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-05-04 | 沈勤 | Livestock and poultry aquaculture wastewater ecological treatment system |
| CN108439703B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-10-23 | 南京大学 | System and method for comprehensive treatment of plain slow flow and Duantou creek water body |
| CN111652755B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2022-03-01 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating agricultural non-point source pollution in water and soil co-treatment area |
| CN115367884A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | River-entering front buffering system for small watershed non-point source pollution prevention and control |
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Application publication date: 20131218 Assignee: Great Yangtze River Environmental Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Contract record no.: 2015420000153 Denomination of invention: Non-point source pollution abatement method for plain river network regions Granted publication date: 20140827 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20150805 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180417 Address after: 435200 Room 608, building D12, modern town district, Xingguo Town, Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei Patentee after: Great Yangtze River Environmental Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410125 Changsha Province, Furong district, Hunan Yuanda Road No. two, No. 644 Patentee before: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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