CN103438814B - A kind of tip clearance optical fibre measuring method and device - Google Patents
A kind of tip clearance optical fibre measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103438814B CN103438814B CN201310383059.9A CN201310383059A CN103438814B CN 103438814 B CN103438814 B CN 103438814B CN 201310383059 A CN201310383059 A CN 201310383059A CN 103438814 B CN103438814 B CN 103438814B
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Abstract
A kind of tip clearance optical fibre measuring method, adopt multipoint positioning reflection compensation type optical fiber distance measuring, launch service band laser by laser instrument and be transmitted into measured object surface through fibre-optical probe, fibre-optical probe is got back to after measured object surface reflection, then multipath reception optical fiber is entered respectively, filter to entering the light receiving optical fiber through optical filter, obtain the service band luminous energy entering multipath reception optical fiber after measured object surface reflection respectively, after photodetection, luminous energy is converted to weak current signal again, through signal amplification circuit filter, weak current signal is enlarged into the curtage signal supplying to gather, by to contrast process after the current signal of multiple-channel output or voltage signal acquisition, obtain the distance between fibre-optical probe and measured object surface.The invention also discloses the measurement mechanism for realizing said method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tip clearance optical fibre measuring method.
The invention still further relates to a kind of measurement mechanism for realizing said method.
Background technology
Turbine rotor blade tip clearance is the important parameter affecting ground gas turbine or aero-engine performance, and excesssive gap then gas leakage flow increases, and cause gas turbine or aeroplane engine engine efficiency to reduce, oil consumption increases; Gap reduces then easily to cause blade to contact with casing, causes blade wear even to damage.Because tip clearance influence factor is quite complicated, depend merely on computational analysis to be difficult to determine, therefore must measure gap in test, for tip clearance controls to provide authentic data, also can in gas turbine or aeromotor military service process, tip clearance is monitored in real time, to the diagnosing malfunction that may occur with give warning in advance, in order to avoid cause serious consequence.
The domestic and international technology measured about tip clearance is mainly electric discharge probe measurement, ultrasonic Method for Measuring, X-ray measurement method, optical probe mensuration, optical fiber measurement method, electric eddy current measurement method, capacitance method etc. at present, the probe measurement that wherein discharges only can obtain the minimum clearance between turbine rotor blade blade tip and casing, and is only suitable for low temperature, slow-speed of revolution condition.
Ultrasonic Method for Measuring, X-ray measurement method, optical probe mensuration are due to complex structure, expensive, and are not easy for hot environment etc., limit its development.
Conventional electric capacity and electric eddy current measurement method electromagnetism interference poor, only can be used on metal blade, the dielectric property of intermediate medium also has certain influence to its measurement result.
Optical fiber measurement method structure is simple, not by electromagnetic interference (EMI), is the focus studied in recent years.About fiber optics displacement measuring technique, adopt Shi mono-road fibre optical transmission to measure laser the earliest, a road optical fiber receives reflected light signal, and this measuring method is easily by the impact of transmitting illuminant fluctuation, fibre loss and tested surface reflectivity, and therefore measuring accuracy is poor.In order to overcome the above problems, developed reflection compensation type fiber optics displacement measuring technology afterwards, have employed a road signal optical fibre and a road reference optical fiber reception energy of reflection light, range information is obtained through comparative analysis, but it requires higher to the verticality of transmitted beam and tested surface, less tested surface inclination angle also can cause larger measuring error, and the wavelength of transmitted light adopted at present is generally in infrared region, easily disturb by blade tip self radiation spectrum in hot environment, be not suitable for range observation under hot environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of turbine rotor blade tip clearance optical fibre measuring method.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurement mechanism realizing said method.
For achieving the above object, tip clearance optical fibre measuring method provided by the invention, adopt multipoint positioning reflection compensation type optical fiber distance measuring, launch service band laser by laser instrument and be transmitted into measured object surface through fibre-optical probe, fibre-optical probe is got back to after measured object surface reflection, then multipath reception optical fiber is entered respectively, filter to entering the light receiving optical fiber through optical filter, obtain the service band luminous energy entering multipath reception optical fiber after measured object surface reflection respectively, after photodetection, luminous energy is converted to weak current signal again, through signal amplification circuit filter, weak current signal is enlarged into the curtage signal supplying to gather, by to contrast process after the current signal of multiple-channel output or voltage signal acquisition, obtain the distance between fibre-optical probe and measured object surface.
In described tip clearance optical fibre measuring method, multipath reception optical fiber is that three tunnels receive optical fiber.
In described tip clearance optical fibre measuring method, the weak current of photodetection conversion obtains the curtage signal supplying to gather through the process of signal amplification filtering.
Measurement mechanism for realizing said method provided by the invention, it comprises:
One fibre-optical probe, comprises that riches all the way penetrates optical fiber and multipath reception optical fiber, and multipath reception fiber optic loop is around in around launching fiber;
Launching fiber connecting laser, multipath reception optical fiber connects a photodetector respectively separately;
Fibre-optical probe is fixed on the probe mount pad of band cooling structure, and probe mount pad is fixed on casing;
Described cooling structure is provided with the second barrel in the first barrel, 3rd barrel is installed in the second barrel, fibre-optical probe is arranged in the 3rd barrel, the first annular space passage is provided with between the first barrel and the second barrel, between the second barrel and the 3rd barrel, be provided with the second annular space passage, between fibre-optical probe and the 3rd barrel, be provided with the 3rd annular space passage;
First barrel is provided with pressurized gas inlet, and the second barrel is provided with low pressure cold air outlet, and the 3rd barrel is provided with low pressure cold air inlet;
The top of the second barrel offers glass vision panel.
In described tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, launching fiber carries end face globe lens, to increase finding range.
In described tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, multipath reception optical fiber is being surrounded on around launching fiber of angle such as grade.
In described tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, the distance between multipath reception optical fiber and launching fiber be respectively r1, r2, r3 ..., rN, and r1 ≠ r2 ≠ r3 ... ≠ rN.
In described tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, the probe mount pad with cooling structure is fixed on casing by mounting flange.
In described tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, the photodetector that multipath reception optical fiber connects respectively separately connects high-frequency data Acquisition Instrument after signal amplification circuit filter.
In described tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, high-frequency data Acquisition Instrument is connected to far-end surveillance equipment by network.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) tip clearance that the present invention may be used under hot environment is measured;
2) tip clearance that the present invention may be used under hyperbaric environment is measured;
3) the present invention may be used for the clearance measurement of high-speed rotary part;
4) the present invention is not subject to material its own transmission spectra1 interfer-;
5) the present invention is not easily by light source influence of fluctuations;
6) the present invention not easily affects by fiber transmission attenuation;
7) the present invention is not subject to tested surface material reflectance variable effect;
8) the present invention is not subject to the impact of tested surface small angle inclination;
9) the present invention may be used for conventional distance accurately measurement in other commercial Application;
10) present invention employs optical fiber technology, highly sensitive, electromagnetism interference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the optical fiber distance measuring light path circuit theory diagrams of the measurement mechanism of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is fibre-optical probe arrangement schematic diagram in the measurement mechanism of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram of the measurement mechanism of one embodiment of the invention.
Primary clustering symbol description in accompanying drawing:
Measured surface 1, fibre-optical probe 2, launching fiber 3, automatic control warm type laser instrument 4, receive optical fiber 5,6 and 7, optical filter 8, photodetector 9, signal amplification circuit filter 10, turbo blade 11, mounting flange 13, pressurized gas inlet 14, low pressure cold air inlet 15, glass vision panel 16, the first barrel 12, second barrel the 17, three barrel 18, low pressure cold air outlet 19, locking device 20, fibre bundle 21, circuit box 22, data collecting instrument 23, far-end surveillance equipment 24.
Embodiment
The present invention can at high temperature measure High Rotation Speed movable vane tip clearance, has tested surface small inclination compensate function, for ground gas turbine or aeromotor tip clearance ACTIVE CONTROL provide detailed and reliable data.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Incorporated by reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 3.
Fig. 1 is multipoint positioning reflection compensation type optical fiber distance measuring schematic diagram (the present embodiment is for three) of the present invention, automatic control warm type laser instrument 4 launches a certain operation wavelength laser of service band between 300-450nm, be coupled into launching fiber 3, measured surface 1 is transmitted into through fibre-optical probe 2, fibre-optical probe 2 is got back to after measured surface 1 reflects, then enter three tunnels respectively and receive optical fiber 5, 6 and 7, mating plate 8 receives optical fiber 5 to entering after filtration, the light of 6 and 7 filters, obtain respectively and enter three tunnels reception optical fiber 5 after measured surface 1 reflects, the service band luminous energy of 6 and 7, after photodetector 9, luminous energy is converted to weak current signal, then after signal amplification circuit filter 10, Huo tri-tunnel receives optical fiber 5, what in 6 and 7, luminous energy was corresponding can voltage (or electric current) signal of acquisition process, by contrasting process and intensity modulated after the collection to three road output voltage (or electric current) signals, the final distance obtained between probe and tested surface.
Fig. 2 is the optical fiber arrangement schematic diagram of fibre-optical probe 2 of the present invention, and optical fiber of the present invention visits the launching fiber 3 and three tunnels reception optical fiber 5,6 and 7 that go out measuring beam in 2 for riches all the way, and launching fiber 3 carries end face globe lens to increase finding range.Receive optical fiber 5,6 and 7 and be surrounded on launching fiber 3 respectively around, the distance received between optical fiber 5,6 and 7 and launching fiber 3 is respectively r1, r2 and r3, and the angle that reception optical fiber 5,6 and 7 and launching fiber 3 are formed is respectively a1, a2 and a3.Wherein spacing r1 ≠ r2 ≠ r3 is optimum, if wherein there are two spacing equal also passable, but can not three spacing all equal, angle a1=a2=a3=120 DEG C is best angle, and three angles are unequal also can.
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram for measurement mechanism of the present invention, and under turbo blade 11 is operated in high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas condition, and fibre-optical probe 2 heatproof is lower, therefore needs to cool it.Fibre-optical probe 2 is fixed on the probe mount pad of band cooling structure by locking device 20.In order to keep the clean of fibre-optical probe, and under being operated in safe temperature, this cooling structure is many circuits cooling structure, and its structure is provided with the second barrel 17 in the first barrel 12, is provided with the 3rd barrel 18 in the second barrel 17.Fibre-optical probe 2 is arranged in the 3rd barrel 18, the first annular space passage is provided with between the first barrel 12 and the second barrel 17, between the second barrel 17 and the 3rd barrel 18, be provided with the second annular space passage, between fibre-optical probe 2 and the 3rd barrel 18, be provided with the 3rd annular space passage.The probe mount pad of cooling structure is connected on casing by mounting flange 13.Fibre-optical probe 2 is completely cut off with high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas by the high temp glass form 16 be arranged on the second barrel 17, pollute by high-temperature fuel gas to prevent glass vision panel, the High Temperature High Pressure clean air of drawing from pneumatic plant high pressure stage is introduced the first annular space runner between the first barrel 12 and the second barrel 17 from pressurized gas inlet 14, after flowing out before glass window 16, stop high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas to contact with glass window 16, and it is cooled.The low-temp low-pressure clean air of drawing from pneumatic plant low pressure stage is introduced the 3rd annular space passage between fibre-optical probe 2 and the 3rd barrel 18 by low pressure cold air inlet 15, fibre-optical probe 2 is cooled, then returned by the second annular space runner between the second barrel 17 and the 3rd barrel 18, flow out through low pressure cold air outlet 19.Fibre-optical probe 2 is connected with circuit box 22 by fibre bundle 21, laser instrument, photodetector is integrated with signal amplification circuit filter etc. in circuit box 22, voltage (or electric current) signal that the luminous energy of three tunnels reception optical fiber acquisitions is corresponding is undertaken gathering, storing and Data Management Analysis by high-frequency data Acquisition Instrument 23, obtain the distance between fibre-optical probe and tested surface, then data processed result is transmitted through the network to far-end surveillance equipment 24 pairs of measurement results to show, data processed result also can carry out scene display by high-frequency data Acquisition Instrument 23.
Because range finding service band is selected between 300-450nm, this wave band shared energy in high temperature blade self thermal radiation optical spectrum is very little, can ignore the impact of measurement result in self radiation of test process Leaf at this wave band.Present invention employs three road receiving light paths and receive tested surface intensity of reflected light, after intensity modulated, the luminous energy respective signal that measuring process Zhong Dui tri-tunnel receives optical fiber acquisition carries out contrast computing, accurately can obtain the distance between tested surface and fibre-optical probe, owing to have employed three-point fix compensation method, not only compensatory light power swing, fibre loss and tested surface emissivity on the impact of measuring accuracy, and the impact of tested surface small angle inclination on measuring accuracy can be compensate for.Fibre-optical probe mount pad is owing to have employed multilayer cooling structure, refrigerating gas can be distributed preferably, under the condition ensureing fibre-optical probe trouble free service, decrease the impact of bleed on system performance, and the on-line maintenance being easy to realize this optical measuring system is changed as far as possible.
Claims (8)
1. a tip clearance optical fibre measuring method, adopt multipoint positioning reflection compensation type optical fiber distance measuring, launch service band laser by laser instrument and be transmitted into measured object surface through fibre-optical probe, fibre-optical probe is got back to after measured object surface reflection, then multipath reception optical fiber is entered respectively, filter to entering the light receiving optical fiber through optical filter, obtain the service band luminous energy entering multipath reception optical fiber after measured object surface reflection respectively, after photodetection, luminous energy is converted to weak current signal again, through signal amplification circuit filter, weak current signal is enlarged into the curtage signal supplying to gather, by to contrast process after the current signal of multiple-channel output or voltage signal acquisition, obtain the distance between fibre-optical probe and measured object surface, wherein, this multipath reception optical fiber be wait angle be surrounded on around launching fiber, the distance between multipath reception optical fiber and launching fiber be respectively r1, r2, r3 ..., rN, and r1 ≠ r2 ≠ r3 ... ≠ rN.
2. tip clearance optical fibre measuring method according to claim 1, wherein, multipath reception optical fiber is that three tunnels receive optical fiber.
3. tip clearance optical fibre measuring method according to claim 1, wherein, the weak current signal of photodetection conversion obtains the curtage signal supplying to gather through the process of signal amplification filtering.
4. a tip clearance fiber optic measuring device, it comprises:
One fibre-optical probe, comprise that riches all the way penetrates optical fiber and multipath reception optical fiber, wherein, this multipath reception optical fiber be wait angle be surrounded on around launching fiber, distance between multipath reception optical fiber and launching fiber be respectively r1, r2, r3 ..., rN, and r1 ≠ r2 ≠ r3 ... ≠ rN;
Launching fiber connecting laser, multipath reception optical fiber connects a photodetector respectively separately;
Fibre-optical probe is fixed on the probe mount pad of band cooling structure, and probe mount pad is fixed on casing;
Described cooling structure is provided with the second barrel in the first barrel, 3rd barrel is installed in the second barrel, fibre-optical probe is arranged in the 3rd barrel, the first annular space passage is provided with between the first barrel and the second barrel, between the second barrel and the 3rd barrel, be provided with the second annular space passage, between fibre-optical probe and the 3rd barrel, be provided with the 3rd annular space passage;
First barrel is provided with pressurized gas inlet, and the second barrel is provided with low pressure cold air outlet, and the 3rd barrel is provided with low pressure cold air inlet;
The top of the second barrel offers glass vision panel.
5. tip clearance fiber optic measuring device according to claim 4, wherein, launching fiber bundle carries end face globe lens, to increase finding range.
6. tip clearance fiber optic measuring device according to claim 4, wherein, the probe mount pad with cooling structure is fixed on casing by mounting flange.
7. tip clearance fiber optic measuring device according to claim 4, wherein, the photodetector that multipath reception optical fiber connects respectively separately connects high-frequency data Acquisition Instrument after signal amplification circuit filter.
8. tip clearance fiber optic measuring device according to claim 7, wherein, high-frequency data Acquisition Instrument is connected to far-end surveillance equipment by network.
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