CN103429868B - The super turbocharged engine system of fuel-rich material mixture - Google Patents
The super turbocharged engine system of fuel-rich material mixture Download PDFInfo
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- CN103429868B CN103429868B CN201180065799.7A CN201180065799A CN103429868B CN 103429868 B CN103429868 B CN 103429868B CN 201180065799 A CN201180065799 A CN 201180065799A CN 103429868 B CN103429868 B CN 103429868B
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- gaseous mixture
- compressor
- turbo machine
- catalytic converter
- gas
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 489
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 331
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 324
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
- F01N3/323—Electrically driven air pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/32—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
- F01N3/326—Engine-driven air pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/007—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in parallel, e.g. at least one pump supplying alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
- F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
- F02B37/166—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine the auxiliary apparatus being a combustion chamber, e.g. upstream of turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
- F01N2270/02—Mixing air with exhaust gases for cooling exhaust gases or the apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
- F02B2039/162—Control of pump parameters to improve safety thereof
- F02B2039/164—Control of pump parameters to improve safety thereof the temperature of the pump, of the pump drive or the pumped fluid being limited
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Open a kind of power of raising motor (102) and the super-turbocharger system (100) of efficiency.This system utilizes the exothermal character of catalytic converter (116) to extract additional-energy from exhaust heat, and additional-energy is used for increasing power to motor.Pressurized air is supplied with Hybrid connections to the upstream of catalytic converter (116) of gas exhaust manifold and/or the Exhaust Gas in downstream.Exhaust Gas and the enough oxygen enrichments of compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture are with the hydrocarbon in oxidation catalytic converter (116) and carbon monoxide, and this increases heat to gaseous mixture.In addition, the pressurized air of sufficient quantity is fed to Exhaust Gas so that the temperature of gaseous mixture is remained on roughly optimal temperature levels.Gaseous mixture is applied to the turbo machine (106) of super-turbocharger, which increases the output of described super-turbocharger, and then improves power and the efficiency of described motor (102).
Description
Background technique
Super-turbocharger is the device for improving the power of internal-combustion engine and/or the suitable of efficiency.Use more small-sized, the more efficient motor of super-turbocharger can with relatively large, produce identical power compared with the motor of poor efficiency, thus improve the overall efficiency of system.Super-turbocharger has at least one compressor and at least one turbo machine of being connected with power transmitting deice, transmission of power is to advancing and receives the power of self-propelled system by power transmitting deice, when motor is used on vehicle, system is advanced to connect with motor or with bent axle, vehicle transmission gear or other coupling.In this way, no matter motor is used on vehicle, for generating or other function, super-turbocharger can both improve piston-engined performance.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, embodiments of the invention can comprise the method improving and have the performance of the engine system of super-turbocharger, described engine system has carries out by fuel-rich material mixture the motor that operates, and described method comprises: produce a certain amount of pressurized air in response to control signal from compressor; The pressurized air of described amount is mixed with the Exhaust Gas from described motor generate described Exhaust Gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture; Described gaseous mixture is fed to catalytic converter; Detect the oxygen level entering the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter; Detect the described temperature levels leaving the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter; Described compressed-air actuated amount is regulated in response to described oxygen level, thus the described pressurized air of sufficient quantity is provided, the hydrocarbon in described gaseous mixture existing in described catalytic converter and carbon monoxide to be substantially oxidized, and keep the predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels of described gaseous mixture simultaneously; Described gaseous mixture is fed to the turbo machine of described super-turbocharger to drive described super-turbocharger.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise and carry out by fuel-rich material mixture the engine system that operates, and comprising: super-turbocharger, it has turbo machine and compressor; Additional compressor, it supplies a certain amount of pressurized air in response to control signal; Mixing chamber, the Exhaust Gas from described engine system mixes with the pressurized air of described amount to generate described Exhaust Gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture by it; Catalytic converter, it connects with the described mixing chamber receiving described gaseous mixture; Oxygen sensor, it senses the oxygen level and the sensor signal that produces oxygen that enter the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter; Temperature transducer, its sensing leaves the described temperature levels of the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter and produces temperature sensor signal; Controller, it produces described control signal in response to described oxygen sensor signal and described temperature sensor signal, to make to be enough to make described catalytic converter to be substantially oxidized hydrocarbon in described gaseous mixture and carbon monoxide by the pressurized air that described additional compressor is fed to the described amount of described catalytic converter, and keep the predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels leaving the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter simultaneously; Described gaseous mixture is fed to described turbo machine to drive described super-turbocharger.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise the method improving and have the performance of the engine system of super-turbocharger, comprise: catalytic converter is provided, described catalytic converter receives the Exhaust Gas from described engine system and produces exothermic reaction, and described exothermic reaction increases heat with hot exhaust gas after the carry-out part place of described catalytic converter generates conversion to described Exhaust Gas; Pressurized air is provided from compressor; A described compressed-air actuated part is mixed to generate gaseous mixture with from hot exhaust gas after the described conversion of described catalytic converter, and the temperature of described gaseous mixture is no more than predetermined maximum temperature thus prevents from causing damage to the described turbo machine of described super-turbocharger; Described turbo machine is driven by described gaseous mixture; The turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of surplus is delivered to from described turbo machine and advances system, if not like this, will described turbo machine be made the speed of damage being caused to rotate to described compressor.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise the method for the performance improving super turbocharged engine system, comprising: provide motor; Catalytic converter is provided, described catalytic converter is connected to the Exhaust Gas be positioned near described motor and exports and receive the engine exhaust gas from described motor, described engine exhaust gas activates the exothermic reaction in described catalytic converter, and described exothermic reaction increases additional-energy to described engine exhaust gas and produces the catalytic converter Exhaust Gas hotter than described engine exhaust gas at the carry-out part place of described catalytic converter; Pressurized air stream is provided to the suction tude of described motor; Additional compressed air stream is provided; Described additional compressed air is mixed with the described catalytic converter Exhaust Gas of described downstream catalytic converter the gaseous mixture generating described catalytic converter Exhaust Gas and described additional compressed air; Produce control signal to regulate the described additional compressed air stream entering described mixing chamber so that described gaseous mixture is remained on below maximum temperature; Described gaseous mixture is fed to turbo machine, and described turbo machine generates turbo machine rotating mechanical energy in response to the flow of described gaseous mixture; Described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine is delivered to described compressor, described compressor utilizes described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy to carry out source of compressed air, thus generates described pressurized air when the flow of the described gaseous mixture via described turbo machine is enough to drive described compressor; From described turbo machine extract described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy at least partially and when not needing the described part from the described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of described turbo machine to make described compressor operation, the described part of described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy is administered to and advances system; To be that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor from the described propelling advancing system, thus when the underfed of the described gaseous mixture via described turbo machine prevents turbo lag to drive during described compressor.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise super-turbocharger motor, comprising: motor; Catalytic converter, its be connected to be positioned at described motor Exhaust Gas outlet near exhaust duct, to make the hot exhaust gas from described motor activate exothermic reaction in described catalytic converter, described catalytic converter energy is increased to described hot exhaust gas and generate transform after Exhaust Gas; Compressor, it is connected to provides compressed-air actuated air-source, and described pressurized air is applied to the suction tude of described motor; Additional compressor, it provides a certain amount of additional compressed air that the stress level of Exhaust Gas described in pressure ratio is large; Pipeline, after described additional compressed air is provided to described conversion by it, Exhaust Gas mixes to generate gaseous mixture to make described additional compressed air with Exhaust Gas after described conversion; Turbo machine, it mechanically connects with described compressor and generates turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described gaseous mixture; Controller, it generates control signal, and described control signal regulates the amount of described additional compressed air so that described gaseous mixture is remained on below maximum temperature; Transmission device, the propelling of its in the future self-propelled system is that rotating mechanical energy is provided to described compressor, thus when the underfed of the described Exhaust Gas via described turbo machine reduces turbo lag to drive described compressor to during expectation boosting level, and the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy extracting surplus from described turbo machine can cause below the predetermined maximum (top) speed of damage to described compressor to be remained on by the rotating speed of described compressor.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise improving and have the method for the performance of the piston engine system of super-turbocharger: the Exhaust Gas from described piston engine system is administered to NOx conversion device, and described NOx conversion device transforms to generate gas after NOx conversion to described Exhaust Gas; A certain amount of pressurized air is produced from compressor in response to control signal; By gas and vapor permeation after the described pressurized air of described amount and described NOx conversion to generate gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture after described NOx conversion; Described gaseous mixture is fed to hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter with gas after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion; Detect the described temperature levels of gas after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion; Regulate described compressed-air actuated amount so that the described temperature levels of gas after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion is adjusted to preferred temperature level.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise improving and have the method for the performance of the piston engine system of super-turbocharger: the Exhaust Gas from described piston engine system is administered to NOx conversion device, and described NOx conversion device transforms to generate gas after NOx conversion to described Exhaust Gas; The pressurized air of first amount of generation; By gas and vapor permeation after the described pressurized air of described first amount and described NOx conversion to generate gas and described compressed-air actuated first gaseous mixture after described NOx conversion; Described first gaseous mixture is fed to hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter with gas after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion; The pressurized air of second amount of generation; By gas and vapor permeation after the pressurized air of described second amount and described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion with by gas cooling after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to preferred temperature to generate gas after hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion of cooling; After utilizing the hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion of described cooling, gas is to drive the turbo machine of described super-turbocharger.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise super turbocharged engine system, comprising: piston engine, and it produces Exhaust Gas; NOx conversion device, it is coupled to receive described Exhaust Gas and gas after generating NOx conversion; Compressor, it is connected to air-source, and described air-source provides pressurized air, and described pressurized air is administered to the suction tude of described motor; Feedback valve, after it supplies a described compressed-air actuated part and described NOx conversion, gas and vapor permeation is to generate gaseous mixture; Hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter, its be connected to receive described gaseous mixture and the hydrocarbon be oxidized in described gaseous mixture and carbon monoxide with gaseous mixture after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion; Turbo machine, it is coupled to receive described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide gaseous mixture and to produce turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion.
Embodiments of the invention can also comprise super turbocharged engine system, comprising: piston engine, and it produces Exhaust Gas; NOx conversion device, it is coupled to receive described Exhaust Gas and gas after generating NOx conversion; Compressor, it produces source of compressed air; Pipeline, after described pressurized air is fed to described NOx conversion by it, gas mixes to generate gaseous mixture with gas after making described NOx conversion with described pressurized air; Hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter, it is coupled to receive described gaseous mixture and to be oxidized in described gaseous mixture existing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide with gaseous mixture after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion; Turbo machine, it is coupled to receive described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide gaseous mixture and to produce turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the single wire system figure of simplification of an embodiment of super turbosupercharged engine according to the present invention's instruction.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Fig. 5 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Fig. 6 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Fig. 7 is the plotted curve of the operating temperature of catalytic converter.
Fig. 8 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Fig. 9 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 10 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 11 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 12 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 13 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 14 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 15 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 16 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 17 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system.
Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of catalytic converter.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is according to the present invention's instruction and the reduced graph of an embodiment of the efficient super turbocharged engine system 100 of structure.What those skilled in the art be will readily appreciate that by the explanation of reading below is, this super turbocharged engine system 100 is particularly useful for the petrol engine of the spark ignition used in passenger vehicle and commercial vehicle, and therefore illustrative examples discussed in this article adopts such environment to help the understanding of the present invention.But, be understood that the embodiment of system 100 of the present invention can be applied to other operating environment, such as fixed (land-based) dynamo engine and other stationary engine, such example should be understood to exemplary instead of restrictive.
As can be seen from Figure 1, system 100 comprises motor 102, and motor 102 utilizes super-turbocharger 104 to improve the performance of motor 102.Usually, super-turbocharger comprises the compressor and turbo machine that utilize turbine shaft to be linked together.Employ alternate manner compressor and turbo machine are linked together.In addition, super-turbocharger comprises transmission device, and this transmission device is transferring power between the dynamical system or drivetrain (advance and be) of turbine shaft and vehicle.Such as, this transmission device is mechanically connected to the other parts of the bent axle of motor, the transmission device of vehicle or drivetrain or dynamical system.These are referred to as and advance system.This transmission device can be the mechanical transmissions of use gearing, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic actuator, traction drive transmission device, or electric transmission device.Motor/generator can be attached to turbine shaft and for driving turbine shaft or being driven by turbine shaft thus produce electric energy.The electric energy produced by motor/generator may be used for only producing electric power, to battery charging, drive for propelled vehicles motor/engine or help to provide power for motor vehicle driven by mixed power.With regard to this respect, super turbocharged engine system 100 can be dimensioned for the object generated electricity in vehicle electric system and use, or can be used for produce power and help to provide power, such as, in hybrid vehicle system for vehicle by mechanical energy.
As shown in Figure 1, super-turbocharger 104 comprises turbo machine 106, compressor 108 and transmission device 110, and transmission device 110 is attached to the bent axle 112 of motor 102 or advances the other parts of system.Although be not all need in all of the embodiments illustrated, the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 also comprises interstage cooler 114 and is fed to the density of the air of motor 102 to improve the power provided from motor 102 further to improve from compressor 108.
Super-turbocharger has some advantages being better than turbosupercharger.Turbosupercharger uses the turbo machine driven by the Exhaust Gas of motor.This turbo machine is attached to compressor, and compressor compresses is fed to and enters gas in the cylinder of motor.Turbo machine in turbosupercharger is driven by the Exhaust Gas from motor.Therefore, when to accelerate first until there is enough hot exhaust gas and turbo machine is run up thus for turbine mechanical the compressor supplying power that connects to produce sufficient boosting time, motor experience boosting is sluggish.Sluggish minimum in order to make, usually use more small-sized and/or light-dutyer turbosupercharger.The less inertia of the turbosupercharger of lightweight allows them extremely fast to run up, thus makes the sluggishness of performance minimum.
Unfortunately, when generating a large amount of exhaust streams and temperature, these are more small-sized and/or may exceed the speed limit in high engine speeds operation period compared with the turbosupercharger of lightweight.In order to prevent the generation of this hypervelocity, typical turbosupercharger comprises the waste gate valve being arranged on the outlet pipe being arranged in turbine upstream.Waste gate valve is following pressure actuated valve: when the delivery pressure of compressor exceedes preset limit value, and described pressure actuated valve makes some Exhaust Gas around turbo machine turn to.This limit value is configured to the pressure lower than the pressure causing turbosupercharger to exceed the speed limit.Unfortunately, this causes a part for the energy provided from the Exhaust Gas of motor to be wasted.
Because recognize that conventional turbosupercharger is that high-end power sacrifices low end performance, and develop the device being called super-turbocharger.On February 17th, 2009 authorize and authorize to the assignee of the application, denomination of invention is the U. S. Patent 7,490 of " Super-Turbocharger(super-turbocharger) ", describes a kind of such super-turbocharger in 594.For disclosed in this application and all the elements of instruction, this application is clearly by reference and in herein.
Discuss in application As mentioned above, in super-turbocharger, when failing to provide the engine exhaust gas that is fully heated to drive turbo machine, during low motor speed operation, compressor is driven by the transmission device connected with motor by engine crankshaft.The mechanical energy being fed to compressor by motor alleviates the turbo lag problem that conventional turbosupercharger meets with, and allows to use relatively large or more efficient turbo machine and compressor.
Super-turbocharger 104 shown in Fig. 1 operates that the pressurized air from compressor 108 is fed to motor 102, and can not meet with the conventional turbochargers being in low side turbo lag problem and can not waste from be fed to be in high-end turbo machine 106 engine exhaust gas heat (exhaust heat) available energy.These advantages provide owing to being included by transmission device 110, in the various operator schemes of motor 102, transmission device 110 can extract power from engine crankshaft 112 and can by power supply to engine crankshaft 112, thus compressor 108 correspondingly can be driven to load turbo machine 106 again again.
During starts, when the turbosupercharger of routine meets with sluggishness due to the sufficient power lacked from engine exhaust gas heat to drive turbo machine, super-turbocharger 104 provides super turbosupercharging action, obtain power to drive compressor 108 via transmission device 110 from bent axle 112 thus, thus provide sufficient boosting to motor 102.Along with motor starts to accelerate and the amount of power that can utilize from engine exhaust gas heat is enough to drive turbo machine 106, the amount of power obtained from bent axle 112 via transmission device 110 reduces.After this, turbo machine 106 continues to enter gas (air inlet) for motor 102 to compressor 108 supplying power with compression.
Along with engine speed improves, the amount of power that can utilize from engine exhaust gas heat is increased to the point that the turbo machine 106 in conventional turbosupercharger will exceed the speed limit.But, in super-turbocharger 104, compressor 108 is being remained on suitable speed with while desirable boosting is supplied to motor 102, excess energy engine exhaust gas heat being supplied to turbo machine 106 guides to engine crankshaft 112 via transmission device 110.Owing to can utilize more outputting power from the exhaust heat of motor 102, turbo machine 106 produces more power, and these power guide to bent axle 112 via transmission device 110, and the boosting that maintenance simultaneously can utilize from compressor 108.The loading that transmission device 110 pairs of turbo machines 106 carry out prevents turbo machine 106 from exceeding the speed limit and makes the efficiency of the power extracted from engine exhaust gas maximum.Therefore, do not need conventional wastegate, and energy can not be lost by wastegate.
Although can be used for driving the amount of power of turbo machine 106 to be strictly restricted to the amount of power that can utilize from engine exhaust gas in the turbosupercharging application of routine, but, if can make full use of and/or can have additional supply of heat energy and the mass flow of turbine bucket, then turbo machine 106 can produce obviously more power.But turbo machine 106 can not operate and not impaired on uniform temperature, and mass flow is limited to the Exhaust Gas flowed out from motor 102 usually.
Recognize this point, the embodiment of system 100 can avoid extracting additional-energy from Exhaust Gas while elevated temperature transient destroys at protection turbo machine 106.In one embodiment, catalytic converter 116 is placed on the upstream of turbo machine near gas exhaust manifold, and catalytic converter 116 can carry out exothermic reaction effluent air temp being raised at the lasting high speed operation of motor or high capacity operation period.In order to cool Exhaust Gas, before arrival turbo machine, the compressed-air actuated part produced by compressor 108 to directly feed into via controlled feedback valve 118 in the Exhaust Gas of turbine upstream and adds in the engine exhaust gas leaving catalytic converter 116.The colder gas 122 that enters expands and cools Exhaust Gas, and adds associated mass to exhaust stream, and this with the addition of additional power in the turbo machine of super-turbocharger, as described in more detail below.Along with more colder air are provided in the Exhaust Gas of heat, the temperature of the mix flow leading to turbo machine is remained on optimum temperature, the energy and the mass flow that are transported to turbine bucket also increase.Which increase the power for driving engine crankshaft supplied by turbo machine.
In order to not hinder the stoichiometric reaction in catalytic converter, compressor feedback air is added in the downstream of catalytic converter.In this embodiment, engine exhaust gas passes through from catalytic converter, and the temperature of Exhaust Gas raises because of exothermic reaction.Then add compressor feedback air, compressor feedback air expands, thus the total mass flow being fed to turbo machine is increased.Embodiments of the invention control in order to the compressed feedback air quantity cooling Exhaust Gas and drive turbo machine and supply, thus guarantee that the optimum temperature that the combination of colder compressor feedback air and engine exhaust gas operates with turbine bucket is transported to turbo machine.
Because the catalytic converter 116 shown in Fig. 1 has large thermal mass, so catalytic converter 116 operates as hot damper at first, this prevents high-temperature hot spike from arriving turbo machine 106.But, because the reacting quintessence in catalytic converter 116 is heat release, so the temperature leaving the Exhaust Gas of catalytic converter 116 is by finally high than the temperature of the Exhaust Gas entering catalytic converter 116.As long as the temperature entering the Exhaust Gas of turbo machine remains on below the maximum operating temp of turbo machine 106, turbo machine would not damage.
But, in lasting high speed operation and the high capacity operation period of motor 102, leave from Exhaust Gas after the conversion of catalytic converter 116 maximum operating temp that temperature can exceed turbo machine 106.As above set forth, the temperature leaving the Exhaust Gas of catalytic converter 116 reduces by supplying the compressed-air actuated part from compressor 108 via feedback valve 118 and making this part mix with the Exhaust Gas leaving catalytic converter 116.The fuel economy significantly improved not as in conventional system by using fuel to realize as freezing mixture in this condition.In addition, control the operation of transmission device to allow the pressurized air of the in liberal supply amount of compressor 108, thus best boosting be supplied to motor 102 and via feedback valve 118, compressed feedback air be provided to turbo machine 106.The superfluous power that the turbo machine 106 caused due to the increase of the compressed-air actuated mass flow via turbo machine produces guides to bent axle 112 via transmission device 110, and then improves fuel efficiency.
From the compressed-air actuated output temperature of compressor 108 typically between about 200 DEG C to 300 DEG C.Conventional turbo machine can operate best with without distortion or possible breakdown from about 950 DEG C and the gas extraction power of non-significant higher temperature.Because the material of turbine bucket limits, best power source is in about 950 DEG C of acquisitions.Because effluent air temp is restricted to about 950 DEG C by material, so supply more air to be increased in temperature limit (such as 950 DEG C) through the mass flow of turbo machine, which enhance the performance of turbo machine.
Although the compressed feedback air stream being in 200 DEG C to 300 DEG C this contributes to the temperature of reduction from the Exhaust Gas of catalytic converter 116 discharge, but be to be understood that, when temperature and mass flow maximum in the hot limit of turbo machine 106 time can supply maximum power from turbo machine 106.Therefore, in one embodiment, control feedback air amount, with make the combination of Exhaust Gas and feedback air remain on turbo machine maximum operating temp place or near, maximum or significantly increase with the amount of power making to be transported to turbo machine.What usually do not need these superfluous power due to compressor 108 to be all fed to motor 102 and to supply compressor feedback air via feedback valve 118 by best boosting, so superfluous power can pass to the bent axle 112 of motor 102 by transmission device 110 or pass to the propelling system of vehicle, thus improve total efficiency or the power of motor 102.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, compressor feedback air adopts catalytic converter 116 as the thermal buffer between motor 102 and turbo machine 106 via the connection of feedback valve 118.Therefore, the air supply from compressor is provided in the downstream of catalytic converter 116, thus does not destroy the stoichiometric reaction in catalytic converter 116.That is, in the embodiment using catalytic converter 116, superfluous oxygen will be made to be supplied to catalytic converter 116 in the supplied upstream compressor feedback air of catalytic converter 116, thus obstruction catalytic converter 116 produces the stoichiometric reaction required by proper handling, as explained in more detail below.
Temperature due to the gaseous mixture when the compressor feedback air on turbine bucket and Exhaust Gas achieves when being similar to maximum (in the material limit of turbo machine itself) and improves power generation efficiency by turbo machine 106, so limit feedback valve 118 allows the compressor feedback air amount entered, and temperature is not made significantly to be reduced to below this Optimal Temperature.Generate more heat energy along with catalytic converter 116 via exothermic reaction and be increased near the maximum operating temp of turbo machine 106 from the temperature of Exhaust Gas after the conversion of catalytic converter 116, more compressor feedback air can be supplied via feedback valve 118, which increase the mass flow and energy that are fed to turbo machine 106.When the amount of the heat energy produced by catalytic converter 116 reduces, also the compressor feedback air amount of being supplied by feedback valve 118 can be reduced, thus avoid supplying the air more than required air, this makes the temperature of gaseous mixture remain near optimal serviceability.
In another embodiment, to avoid compressor to occur springing up in the Exhaust Gas before this system uses feedback valve 118 colder compressor air to be fed back to the turbo machine be under low speed, high capacity serviceability.Compressor springs up and occurs in the case where there: compressor pressure uprises but do not need many inlet stream with low rotational speed and make to allow the mass flow entering motor low due to motor.Spring up (or aerodynamic force stall) of being flow through the compressor that compressor blade causes by low-flow makes the efficiency of compressor extremely fast decline.To the situation of common turbosupercharger, enough springing up can make turbo machine stop the rotation.To the situation of super-turbocharger, the power from engine crankshaft can be utilized to enter spring up to promote compressor.Opening feedback valve 118 allows a compressed-air actuated part to feed back to engine environment.This feedback flow makes compressor break away to spring up and allows higher boost pressure to arrive motor 102, thus allows motor 102 to produce power than issuable power is larger when low engine speed usually.Pressurized air is injected the total mass flow conservation that the Exhaust Gas before turbo machine makes via compressor, thus all flowing to reaches turbo machine, the power needed for boost pressure level making engine booster paramount is minimum.
In another embodiment, additional cold start controlling valve 120 can be comprised, for the operation in the rich Cold Start of motor.In this engine cold-start process, the Exhaust Gas from motor 102 generally includes superfluous unburned fuel.Because this rich mixture is not stoichiometry (stoichiometric), so catalytic converter 116 can not be completely oxidized the unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) in Exhaust Gas.At these time, cold start controlling valve 120 can be opened compressor feedback air to be supplied to the input part of catalytic converter 116, thus supply makes rich mixture be down to the necessary extra oxygen of stoichiometric levels.This allows catalytic converter 116 to light a fire quickly and more efficiently reduces the effulent during cold-start event.If motor dallies, then common turbosupercharger can supply the boost pressure of feedback air by not having.But, the velocity ratio of adjusting transmission device 110 can give compressor by the speed of abundance, thus produce and make air flow through pressure needed for cold start controlling valve 120.In this respect, control signal 124 can be used in the ratio of adjusting transmission device 110, to make during spinning, sufficient rotating speed especially can be provided from engine-driving axle 112 to compressor 108 during cold start-up, thus compress enough air and make it flow through cold start controlling valve 120 and light catalytic converter 116 with enough oxygen.
Needs for extra oxygen are usually restricted in cold-start event, and often only continue 30 seconds to 40 seconds.Many vehicles are current comprises independent air pump, and independent air pump is for should oxygen during cold-start event, and compared with the finite time amount needed for operating with this air pump, this needs significantly large cost and weight.By carrying out alternative independent air pump with simple cold start controlling valve 120, achieve the saving of significant cost, weight and complexity.Because super-turbocharger 104 can utilize transmission device 110 to control the speed of compressor 108, cold start controlling valve 120 can comprise simple on-off valve.Then, can speed by utilizing transmission device 110 to control compressor 108 under the operation of control signal 124, control the air quantity of supplying during cold-start event.
If fuel is used as in-engine freezing mixture and/or for catalytic converter 116, then also can uses cold start controlling valve 120 within very high temperature operation period, but have negative effect for fuel efficiency.As explained in more detail below, cold start controlling valve 120 can supply the extra oxygen rich Exhaust Gas fallen be back to needed for stoichiometric levels, thus allow catalytic converter 116 to be suitably oxidized unburned hydrocarbons effulent in Exhaust Gas.This is better than the remarkable benefit of existing system for environment provides.
Be in the embodiment of on-off valve at cold start controlling valve 120, this system can adjust cold start controlling valve 120 to change the air supply of supplying thus to make Exhaust Gas be down to stoichiometric levels.The variable-flow control valve of other type can also be used to realize this identical function.
Fig. 1 further discloses controller 140.Controller 140 controls the operation of feedback valve 118 and cold start controlling valve 120.Controller 140 carries out the air quantity operated to flow through feedback valve 118 for different conditions optimization.For the operation of the best, flow through the air quantity of feedback valve 118 for obtaining the necessary minimum air flow amount of certain desired state as above.There are two kinds of specified conditions of controller 140 operational feedback valve 118: 1) when motor operates under the slow-speed of revolution, high load condition, given boosting is needed, spring up limit value close to compressor; And, 2) when motor operates under high rotating speed, high load condition, enter the temperature of the gaseous mixture of turbo machine 106 close to temperature limit.
As shown in Figure 1, controller 140 receives the temperature of gas mixture signal 130 from temperature transducer 138, and temperature transducer 138 detects the temperature of the gaseous mixture mixed with the hot exhaust gas generated by catalytic converter 116 from the cooling-air of compressor 108 supply.In addition, controller 140 detects the pressurized air boost pressure signal 132 produced by pressure transducer 136, and pressure transducer 136 is arranged in the compressed-air actuated pipeline supplied from compressor 108.In addition, controller 140 is fed to from the engine speed signal 126 of motor 102 or throttle valve supply and engine loading signal 128.
About the control of the temperature of the gaseous mixture be fed in the turbo machine 106 being in high speed, high load condition, controller 140 produces control signal with operational feedback valve 118, by the temperature limiting of gaseous mixture to following temperature: make the operation of turbo machine 106 maximum in some cases, and the not high mechanism to damaging turbo machine 106.In one embodiment, the temperature of approximate 925 DEG C is the optimum temperature of gaseous mixture operating turbine 106.Once the temperature being fed to the gaseous mixture of turbo machine 106 begins to exceed 900 DEG C, feedback valve 118 is opened, to allow pressurized air from compressor 108 to cooling at the hot exhaust gas before turbo machine 106 from catalytic converter 116.Controller 140 can be designed as and the temperature of approximate 925 DEG C is decided to be target, and the upper limit is 950 DEG C and lower limit is 900 DEG C.It is the limit value using conventional material may cause damage to turbo machine 106 slightly larger than the limit values of 950 DEG C.Certainly, controller can be designed for other temperature, and this depends on parts and the material of the particular type used in turbo machine 106.Conventional proportion integration differentiation (PID) control logic device can be used in controller 140 to control result to generate these.
The benefit controlling to enter the temperature of the gaseous mixture of turbo machine 106 is, eliminates and uses the fuel in Exhaust Gas to enter temperature to the turbo machine limiting gaseous mixture, which increase the efficiency of system.The hot exhaust gas using colder pressurized air stream to cool from catalytic converter 116 needs a large amount of air, and a large amount of air rubber capsule contains large quality to the colder temperature of the expectation realizing gaseous mixture.Because the colder pressurized air from compressor 108 is not good freezing mixture, especially when compared with the liquid fuel being placed in Exhaust Gas, thus cooling from catalytic converter 116 hot exhaust gas needed for air quantity large.Hot exhaust gas from the carry-out part of catalytic converter 116 makes the colder expansion of compressed gas from compressor 108 thus forms gaseous mixture.Due to the temperature needing the colder pressurized air from the large quality of compressor 108 to reduce the hot exhaust gas from catalytic converter 116, so the large mass flow of gaseous mixture flows through turbo machine 106, this makes the output of turbo machine 106 significantly increase.The increasing amount of turbine output is as follows: the differential of mass flow deducts the difference power compressing the acting needed for pressurized air of flowing through feedback valve 118 and obtain.By obtaining temperature of gas mixture signal 130 from temperature transducer 138 and utilizing feedback valve 118 to control compressed-air actuated interpolation, make to be no more than maximum temperature.
Controller 140 also controls feedback valve 118 with springing up in limit compression machine 108.Springing up limit value is as boost pressure, the function that designs through the air stream of compressor and compressor 108 and the boundary that changes.When the flow entering gas 122 is low and when entering the pressure ratio height between gas 122 and pressurized air, be generally used for the compressor of turbosupercharger, as compressor 108, exceed and spring up limit value.In the super-turbocharger of routine, when engine speed (rpm) 126 is low, the flow entering gas 122 is low.In the slow-speed of revolution, when motor 102 does not use a large amount of pressurized air, the mass flow entering gas 122 is low and because air can not be pushed high pressure pipe line, so spring up by the compressor 108 rotated in the irrational situation of the flow entering gas 122.Feedback valve 118 allows the flowing by compressed air line 109 and prevents or reduce springing up in compressor 108.Once spring up in compressor 108, then can not keep the pressure in compressed air line 109.Therefore, under the slow-speed of revolution, high capacity serviceability of motor 102, the compressed-air actuated pressure in compressed air line 109 can be down to below aspiration level.Especially under the slow-speed of revolution, high capacity serviceability of motor, by opening feedback valve 118, increase the flow entering gas 122 through compressor 108, this allows the boosting level realizing expecting in compressed air line 109.Feedback valve 118 can only at the front opening reaching the desired pressure in compressed air line 109.But, by only detecting the boost pressure in compressed air line 109, will feedback valve 118 open to make compressor 108 break away from the state of springing up before spring up.
But, preferably determined to spring up limit value before springing up state appearance and open feedback valve 118 in advance.Can determine to spring up limit value for the boosting level of given rotating speed and expectation.Feedback valve 118 can compressor 108 reach calculating spring up limit value before start to open.Opening valve earlier allows compressor to assemble (spoolup) higher boost pressure quickly, this is because compressor keeps the more high efficiency point closer to compressor operation parameter.Quick boost pressure under it is possible to realize the slow-speed of revolution raises.By springing up the front opening valve of generation, more stable control system can also be realized.
Feedback valve 118 is opened by being in when motor 102 compared with allowing motor 102 to reach higher boost pressure quickly to realize during the slow-speed of revolution in the mode of the responsiveness improving motor 102.And compressor 108 is more efficient, it is less that this makes transmission device 110 realize the acting of supercharging.Spring up limit value to control to carry out modeling at such as MATLAB etc. based in the control simulation code of weinberg salam model.Modeling will allow the autocoding of the simulation of controller 140 and the algorithm of controller 140 by this way.
The unique distinction of all System design based on model systems is as described above, uses transmission device 110 to control the rotation of turbo machine 106 and compressor 108, produces boost pressure, and do not produce turbo lag.In other words, transmission device 110 can extract rotation from bent axle 112 to drive compressor 108, thus extremely fast can realize the expectation boosting in compressed air line 109 before turbo machine 106 generation is enough to drive the mechanical energy of compressor 108 with this aspiration level.In this way, the sluggishness reduce or eliminated in conventional turbochargers reduces control.The System design based on model of controller 140 should be designed for the optimum efficiency keeping compressor 108 in the operating parameter of compressor 108.
The Controlling model of controller 140 also should based on the carefully modeling of pressure operation parameter, and the mass flow allowed with motor for given target velocity and load maps, and wherein target velocity and load can limit relative to the position of the throttle valve of vehicle.As shown in Figure 1, engine speed signal 126 can obtain from motor 102 and be applied to controller 140.Similarly, engine loading signal 128 can obtain from motor 102 and be administered to controller 140.Alternatively, these parameters can obtain from the sensor be positioned at engine throttle (not shown).The control signal 142 that feedback valve 118 can produce in response to controller 140 subsequently and operating.Pressure transducer 136 produces the pressurized air boost pressure signal 132 being applied to controller 140, and controller 140 calculates control signal 142 in response to engine speed signal 126, engine loading signal 128 and pressurized air boost pressure signal 132.
At compressor 108 close to springing up limit value and during not reaching motor 102 serviceability of the temperature of the gaseous mixture detected by temperature transducer 138, feedback valve 118 closes the turbo charge system work making system as routine.To most of situation of motor 102 operating parameter, there will be this situation.When the high capacity low speed state of motor 102 occurs, feedback valve 118 is opened to prevent from springing up.Similarly, under the high rotating speed, high capacity serviceability of motor 102, in the Exhaust Gas at the carry-out part place of catalytic converter 116, produce high temperature, must open to make feedback valve 118, the temperature of the gaseous mixture being applied to turbo machine 106 to be down to, below the temperature of damage be caused to turbo machine 106.
Fig. 2 is the details drawing of the embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system 200.As shown in Figure 2, motor 202 comprises the super-turbocharger revised to describing above with reference to Fig. 1, this super-turbocharger provides the total efficiency higher than the efficiency of the super turbosupercharged engine of routine, and under the slow-speed of revolution, high capacity serviceability, provides efficiency that is high, near optimal and under high rotating speed, high load condition, provide efficiency that is high, near optimal.Super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 204, and turbo machine 204 is mechanically connected with compressor 206 by axle.Compressor 206 compression enters air 234 to generate pressurized air 288 as the air being fed to compressed air line 238.Compressed air line 238 is connected with feedback valve 260 and interstage cooler 242.As disclosed above, interstage cooler 242 is for cooling the pressurized air 288 of heating in compression process.Interstage cooler 242 is connected to compressed air line 238, compressed air line 238 and then be connected to the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 202.Pressure transducer 240 be connected to compressed air line 238 with detect pressurized air 288 pressure and by the compress inlet air pressure signal 262 supply pressure reading being applied to controller 266.As disclosed above, the feedback valve control signal 258 utilizing controller 266 to produce is to control feedback valve 260.Under certain operations state, feedback valve 260 opens that the pressurized air 288 from compressed air line 238 is fed to mixing chamber 246.
As shown in the embodiment of Figure 2, mixing chamber 246 is only included in a series of openings 244 in catalytic converter output pipeline 210, a series of opening 244 by compressed air line 238 around, with make from compressed air line 238 supply pressurized air 288 mixed with gaseous mixture 292 after the conversion catalytic converter output pipeline 210 by opening 244.Can use the mixing chamber of any desired type that gaseous mixture 284 after colder pressurized air 288 and conversion is mixed to reduce the temperature cooling rear gaseous mixture 288.Temperature transducer 248 is arranged in catalytic converter output pipeline 210 with the temperature of gaseous mixture 286 after the cooling of measuring catalytic converter output pipeline 210.Gaseous mixture temperature signal 256 is fed to controller 266 by temperature transducer 248, and controller 266 controls feedback valve 260 by feedback valve control signal 258 and is no more than the maximum temperature that can cause damage to turbo machine 204 with the temperature guaranteeing to cool rear gaseous mixture 286,210.Catalytic converter 252 is connected to Exhaust Gas manifold 208 by catalytic converter inlet pipe 250.By being arranged to by catalytic converter 252 near gas exhaust manifold 208, the hot exhaust gas from motor 202 flows directly into catalytic converter 252, and this contributes to starting catalytic converter 252.In other words, the close arrangement close to engine exhaust gas outlet of catalytic converter 252 does not allow Exhaust Gas to cool significantly before entering catalytic converter 252, which increases the performance of catalytic converter 252.Because catalytic converter 252 utilizes the exothermic reaction occurred in catalytic converter 252 to carry out catalysis Exhaust Gas, so when Exhaust Gas is by catalytic converter 252, extra heat is added in Exhaust Gas by catalytic converter 252.After the very hot conversion at the carry-out part place of catalytic converter 252, gaseous mixture 284 is fed to catalytic converter output pipeline 210 and is cooled by pressurized air 288.Depend on serviceability according to motor 202 and the temperature of gaseous mixture 284 after the very hot conversion that changes, the pressurized air 288 of difference amount added to after transforming in gaseous mixture 284, such as at a high speed, during high load condition.During low engine speed, engine high load state, feedback valve 260 also flows through compressor to avoid springing up for allowing to enter air.Spring up with the aerodynamic force stall of compressor blade similar, because the low stream mode by compressor during low engine speed state occurs.As disclosed above, rotating mechanical energy transmits from engine crankshaft 222 via continuously variable transmission device 214, the speed driving compressor 206 that continuously variable transmission device 214 controls with CVT control signal 264, is enough to make compressor 206 rotate to avoid springing up.When springing up generation, because compressor 206 can not compress enter air, so the pressure drop in intake manifold (not shown).Allowing air to flow through compressor 206 by being opened by feedback valve 260, pressure can being kept in intake manifold, to make to realize high moment of torsion due to high air-distributor pressure when requiring high moment of torsion under low engine speeds.
As disclosed above, when motor 202 operates under high speed, high load condition, catalytic converter 252 makes to produce amount of heat in the Exhaust Gas being fed to catalytic converter output pipeline 210.By by compression, cooling-air 292 is fed to catalytic converter output pipeline 210, after the conversion of heat gaseous mixture 284 at a high speed, cooled under high load condition.Along with the load of motor and speed increase, gas after producing hotter conversion and need more to compress cooling-air 292.If turbo machine 204 does not provide the rotation energy being enough to drive compressor 206, such as under low speed, high load condition, then rotation can be fed to compressor 206 via rotating band 218, drive pulley 220, axle 216, reduction gear 224 and transmission device 232 by engine crankshaft 222.And, can use any part of the propelling system of vehicle that rotation can be fed to compressor 206, and Fig. 2 disclose a kind of implementation according to a disclosed embodiment.
And as shown in Figure 2, mixing valve 236 is also connected to compressed air line 238 and mixing duct 212.Mixing duct 212 is connected to the catalytic converter inlet pipe 250 being positioned at catalytic converter 252 upstream.The purposes of mixing valve 236 is input parts pressurized air 280 being provided to catalytic converter 252 during starting state as above and other fuel-rich material admixture.In a start up state, before catalytic converter 252 reaches complete operation temperature, provide extra oxygen to start catalytic process via mixing duct 212 by pressurized air 280.The extra oxygen provided via mixing duct 212 contributes to starting of catalytic process.As explained in more detail below, during fuel-rich material engine operation state, such as when driving under throttle valve open mode, extra oxygen can be fed to the input part of catalytic converter 252, stoichiometric operation state is entered to make catalytic converter, which reduce pollutant and the temperature of the Exhaust Gas leaving catalytic converter 252 is raised, thus may be used for the output improving the super-turbocharger shown in Fig. 2.Controller 266 controls mixing valve 236 in response to engine speed signal 268, engine loading signal 270 and temperature of gas mixture signal 256 by mixing valve control signal 254.
Therefore, the super turbocharged engine system of efficient spark ignition 200 operates in the mode similar to super-turbocharger, except a part for the pressurized air 288 from compressor is fed to except the input part of turbo machine for following two reasons by feedback valve 260.A reason is, in order to gaseous mixture after this conversion cools before entering turbo machine by gaseous mixture 284 in post-conversion, to make it possible to utilize whole energy of Exhaust Gas and do not need wastegate under high speed, high load condition.Another reason is, in order to provide by the air stream of compressor to prevent springing up under the slow-speed of revolution, high load condition.In addition, catalytic converter 252 can be connected in the exhaust stream before Exhaust Gas arrival turbo machine, can be used in driving turbo machine 204 and the pressurized air 238 mixed with the hot gas from catalytic converter 252 being expanded with the heat making catalytic converter 252 produce, which increase the efficiency of system.In addition, mixing valve 236 can be used in by oxygen being supplied to Exhaust Gas during starting state and starts the catalytic process in catalytic converter 252, and under other fuel-rich material mixture serviceability decreasing pollution thing and more heats are added in Exhaust Gas.
As mentioned above, the motor especially used in vehicle may there is other enriched air/fuel mixture.Such as, when making vehicle acceleration by opening throttle valve, generate enriched air/fuel mixture, and motor 202 and catalytic converter 252 not stoichiometrically mode operate.As a result, in Exhaust Gas 230, CO gas and hydrocarbon is released.Although motor 200 can produce larger horsepower to allow vehicle acceleration when using fuel-rich material mixture, motor 202 or catalytic converter 252 can not make fuel-rich material mixture Thorough combustion.More oxygen added to leave gas exhaust manifold 208 by controlling mixing valve 236 and enter in the Exhaust Gas of catalytic converter inlet pipe 250, the extra oxygen that pressurized air 280 provides allow carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidized in catalytic converter 252.O
2sensor 272 is arranged in catalytic converter inlet pipe 250, and catalytic converter inlet pipe 250 provides the O being applied to controller 266
2sensor input signal 274.O
2sensor input signal detection is arranged in the amount of oxygen of the gaseous mixture at the input part place of catalytic converter 252 and produces mixing valve control signal 254 to operate mixing valve 236.In this way, can open mixing valve 236 with by the oxygen supply of abundance to catalytic converter inlet pipe 250, thus regulate the gaseous mixture 290 comprising fuel-rich material mixture from the Exhaust Gas of gas exhaust manifold 208 and pressurized air 280 entering catalytic converter 252, with the simultaneous oxidation carbon monoxide of the stoichiometric operation at maintenance catalytic converter 252 and hydrocarbon.Both engine speed signal 268 and engine loading signal 270 all can be used in judging when fuel-rich material mixture is applied to motor 202 and therefore by utilizing controller 266 to predict the generation of fuel-rich material Exhaust Gas in gas exhaust manifold 208 and the mixing valve control signal 252 produced regulates the aperture of mixing valve 236.Because fuel-rich material mixture is oxidized in catalytic converter 252, so catalytic converter 252 produces extra heat.Therefore, the higher temperature of gas that temperature transducer 248 will detect in catalytic converter output pipeline 210, and can open feedback valve 260 to be added to by additional compression cooling-air 292 to guarantee that cooling rear gaseous mixture 286 is no more than the maximum temperature may damaging turbo machine 204 in catalytic converter output pipeline 210, this maximum temperature can be approximate 950 DEG C.Use by this way mixing valve 236 allow catalytic converter 252 under great majority or all operations state stoichiometrically mode operate, thus significantly reduce the pollutant that efficient super turbocharged engine system 200 discharges.
The mixing valve 236 of Fig. 2 can also use in the mode of the stoichiometric operation not producing catalytic converter 252.Such as, the racing engine of some types and the vehicle motor of some countries do not require to carry out Environmental capacity.In this case, mixing valve 236 can be opened to provide sufficient oxygen, thus guarantee all carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidized in catalytic converter 252, and without the need to keeping the stoichiometric operation of catalytic converter 252.Racing engine usually use improve motor 202 output power be rich in mixture.In addition, extra fuel contributes to cooled engine parts.Additional compressed air can be added via mixing valve 236, thus not only add the oxygen being used for oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and add cooled gas at the input part place of catalytic converter 252.The oxidation being rich in fuel mixture can cause catalytic converter 252 to operate at an excessive temperature, and this can by adding additive air to reduce via mixing valve 236.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system 300.Super turbocharged engine system 300 is different from the embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 at least in one aspect: arrange additional compressor 328.As shown in Figure 3, motor 340 comprises the turbo machine 344 mechanically driving compressor 356.Compressor 356 compresses the air from suction tude 360 and pressurized air 388 is fed to pipeline 312.Pipeline 312 is connected to the interstage cooler 362 of cooled compressed air 388.Interstage cooler 362 is connected to compressed air line 368, compressed air line 368 and then be connected to the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 340.And as shown in Figure 3, controller 354 receives engine speed signal 350 and engine loading signal 352.These signals are for calculating the super-turbocharger rate control signals 310 being applied to variable speed drive or motor/generator 326.Connect power 334 in variable speed drive or motor/generator 332 and mechanically-propelled system or electrically can be transmitted between propulsion system with variable speed drive or motor/generator 332 from the motor 340 of vehicle or the power 334 of propelling system.
And as shown in Figure 3, independent compressor 328 is connected to transmission device or motor 326.Can utilize the power 324 of self-propelled system to drive variable speed drive 326.Alternatively, the electric drive motor 326 from engine system 300 can be utilized.Compressor 328 compresses air from cooled gas suction tude 322 to provide the compression cooled gas 380 being applied to compressed air line 320.Compression cooled gas 380 in compressed air line 320 is applied to mixing chamber 316, and mixing chamber 316 has the opening 314 being arranged in catalytic converter output pipeline 306.Can use the mixing chamber of any desired type that compression cooled gas 380 and Exhaust Gas 384 after conversion are mixed the temperature of the cooling Exhaust Gas 386 reduced in catalytic converter output pipeline 306.Temperature transducer 364 is arranged in the catalytic converter output pipeline 306 in mixing chamber 316 downstream to measure the temperature of cooling Exhaust Gas 386.Temperature of gas mixture signal 348 is fed to controller 354 by temperature transducer 364, and controller 354 controls the operation of variable speed drive or motor 332.Controller 354 produces transmission device/Motor control signal 308, and transmission device/Motor control signal 308 is applied to variable speed drive or motor 326 to control the speed of compressor 328 and to be fed to the amount of compression cooled gas 380 of compressed air line 320.The amount controlling to be fed to the compression cooled gas 380 of compressed air line 320 is no more than with the temperature of the cooling Exhaust Gas 386 guaranteeing to enter turbo machine 344 maximum temperature damaging turbo machine 344.This maximum temperature can in the scope of 900 DEG C to 950 DEG C.Exhaust Gas from turbo machine 344 is discharged by outlet pipe 366 subsequently.
And as shown in Figure 3, catalytic converter inlet pipe 342 is connected to gas exhaust manifold 318 to make from the catalyzer in the hot exhaust gas activation catalytic converter 346 of gas exhaust manifold 318 in the position near gas exhaust manifold 318.After the conversion of the heat transformed by catalytic converter 346, Exhaust Gas 384 leaves catalytic converter 346 and is applied to catalytic converter output pipeline 306.After transforming, Exhaust Gas 384 mixes with compression cooled gas 380 subsequently.
Therefore, sufficiently cooled to prevent from causing damage to turbo machine 344 with Exhaust Gas 384 after the conversion guaranteeing the heat from catalytic converter in catalytic converter output pipeline 306 by supplying colder compression cooled gas 380 source via compressed air line 320, thus, additional compressor 328 as shown in Figure 3 and variable speed drive or motor 326 instead of the feedback valve 118 of Fig. 1.But the embodiment of Fig. 3 does not provide by using the feedback valve such as feedback valve 260 grade of such as Fig. 2 to limit the mode sprung up.Therefore, the embodiment of Fig. 3 and the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 can be revised as and comprise feedback valve 118, can close to spring up limit value (slow-speed of revolution of such as motor, high capacity serviceability) time open feedback valve 118 to prevent from springing up.Feedback valve, the feedback valve 260 of such as Fig. 2, can also contribute to additional cooler gas to add to after the conversion of the heat in catalytic converter output pipeline 306 in Exhaust Gas, to contribute to the temperature of cooling Exhaust Gas 386 be down to optimum temperature and prevent from causing damage to turbo machine 344 further.
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system 400.As shown in Figure 4, motor 402 comprises super-turbocharger, and super-turbocharger comprises high speed driving unit 406, turbo machine 408, outlet pipe 410, compressor 404 and suction tude 462.Super-turbocharger also comprises the variable speed drive or motor/generator 428 that connect with the such as power system 430 such as mechanically-propelled system or electric propulsion system.Pressurized air from compressor 404 is applied to pipeline 412.Interstage cooler 460 cooled compressed air and pressurized air is applied to compressed air line 458.Compressed air line 458 connects with the input manifold (not shown) of motor 402.
As shown in Figure 4 and as disclosed, power 430 can be delivered to mechanically-propelled system from super-turbocharger or electrically advance system, or transfers back to super-turbocharger from machinery or the electric system that advances to make super-turbocharger operate during some states during such as such as turbo lag state.Variable speed drive or motor/generator 428 can be mechanical type continuously variable transmission device, or can form motor/generator.Various types of motor/generator can be used.Such as, can use and the motor/generator similar for the motor/generator advanced and brake used in electric vehicle.When reduction gear 426 drive motor/generator 428, the electric power that motor/generator produces can be fed to electric propulsion system to contribute to advancing automobile.Alternatively, motor/generator 428 can be used as by power-actuated motor of the electrical system from vehicle to drive reduction gear 426 under some states (as an example, such as, when the state that turbo lag may occur).Variable speed drive or motor/generator 428 operate in the mode that the variable speed drive or motor/generator 326 to Fig. 3 is similar.Variable speed drive or motor/generator 428 operate in response to super-turbocharger rate control signals 452.Engine loading signal 456 and engine speed signal 454 are applied to controller 470, and controller 470 controls variable speed drive or motor/generator 428 by super-turbocharger rate control signals 452.
The system of Fig. 4 also comprises the catalytic converter 468 be connected with catalytic converter inlet pipe 440.Catalytic converter inlet pipe 440 and then be connected to gas exhaust manifold 418.Catalytic converter 468 is positioned near gas exhaust manifold 418, and this allows the catalyzer activated from the hot exhaust gas 470 of gas exhaust manifold 418 in catalytic converter.Operate in the stoichiometric region that catalytic converter 468 can control in vehicle fuel system.Catalytic converter 468 produces the additional heat be fed to after the conversion of catalytic converter output pipeline 446 in Exhaust Gas 472.Variable speed drive 424 is attached to reduction gear 426 and operates under the control of the variable speed drive/Motor control signal 448 generated at controller 470.Variable speed drive 424 makes compressor 422 operate, and compressor 422 compresses the gas from cooled gas suction tude 420 and compression cooled gas 478 is applied to pressurized gas pipeline 432.Pressurized gas in compression cooling air pipe 432 mixes with Exhaust Gas 472 after the conversion of heat in mixing chamber 416.Opening 414 allows compression cooled gas 478 to flow into catalytic converter output pipeline 440 to mix with Exhaust Gas after the conversion leaving catalytic converter 468 472 from pressurized gas pipeline 432.The temperature in mixing chamber 416 downstream measured by temperature transducer 464.And after cooling, Exhaust Gas 474 must below the maximum temperature damaged turbo machine 408, and this maximum temperature is approximately 900 DEG C to 950 DEG C in many examples.Temperature of gas mixture signal 450 is sent to controller 470 by temperature transducer 464, controller 470 produces the variable speed drive/Motor control signal 448 of the speed for controlling compressor 422, and then control the amount of the compression cooled gas 478 mixed with Exhaust Gas 472 after the conversion in catalytic converter output pipeline 446 in pressurized gas pipeline 432, the temperature of compression cooled gas 478 to be remained on the optimum temperature of approximate 900 DEG C.Therefore, efficient super turbocharged engine system 402 make use of the additional variable speed drive 424 connected with reduction gear 426, is added in the rear Exhaust Gas 472 of conversion by compression cooled gas 478 before entering turbo machine 408 at compression cooled gas 478.In this way, after not transforming for cooling, the object of Exhaust Gas 472 extracts the pressurized air 476 from compressor 404 and pipeline 412.
Other gas except fresh air can be used as the compression cooled gas 478 being fed to cooled gas suction tude 420.Such as, tail pipe Exhaust Gas, crank case gases, RAM air can be used to input gas etc. as cooling air body source.Exhaust Gas comprises a large amount of water vapour and carbon dioxide that can effectively cool Exhaust Gas 472 after the conversion of discharging from gas exhaust manifold 418.And, as mentioned above, pump can be connected and limit the aerodynamic effects of in crankcase movable part from the crank case gases of crankcase with the air pressure reduced in crankcase with pumping.Because crank case gases comprises oil vapor, so introduce oil vapor to contribute to emissions reduction thing, this is because catalytic converter 836 will be oxidized those oil vapors at the front end place of catalytic converter 836.
Embodiment shown in Fig. 1-3 is mainly intended to make following power operation: it has the air/fuel mixture of comfortable stoichiometric point or the motor a little more than stoichiometry point operation.This is in following region usually: for most of gasoline mixture, in this region, and approximate 14.6-14.8 part air is to a fuel by weight, as hereafter disclosed more in detail.In this way, three-way catalytic converter can reducing NOx and oxidizing carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons to generate few effulent.As hereafter disclosed, the embodiment of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is mainly intended to by adding oxygen the input part of catalytic converter to and utilizes rich gas/fuel mixture to make engine running.The embodiment of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 and the generation of NOx gas have nothing to do, and relate to by utilize for the rich gas/fuel mixture of burning and by by the carbon monoxide in catalytic converter and unburned hydrocarbons oxidation to reclaim used heat to realize the maximum output can supplied by motor.
Fig. 5 is another embodiment of the efficient super turbocharged engine system 500 using additional compressor 526.The embodiment of Fig. 5 is used for motor 502, and motor 502 uses rich gas/fuel mixture to generate a large amount of horsepower from motor 502.Such as, the embodiment of Fig. 5 can be used for other motor that racing car or not contaminated requirement (especially for NOx gas) limit.The certain oxidation of hydrocarbons pollutant of embodiment of Fig. 5 and carbon monoxide pollution thing, but catalytic converter 502 not stoichiometrically mode operate, thus do not reduce NOx pollutant.
As shown in Figure 5, power 534 is delivered to the power 534 advancing system and/or electrical system or transmission to come self-propelled system and/or electrical system by variable speed drive or motor/generator 532.Turbo machine 508 and compressor 504 are attached to reduction gear 568 by high speed driving unit 506.Compressor 504 compresses the air from suction tude 540.Pressurized air is applied to the pipeline 530 be connected with interstage cooler 544.Interstage cooler 544 cooled compressed air and pressurized air is applied to compressed air line 542.Compressed air line 542 connects with the intake manifold of motor 502.Variable speed drive or motor/generator 532 operate, as more described in detail above under the control of the super-turbocharger rate control signals 562 produced according to engine speed signal 564 and engine loading signal 566 by controller 514.
And as shown in Figure 5, variable speed drive or motor 524 operate additional compressor 526 according to electric or mechanical power source 522.The electric power operation motor 524 from power supply 534 can be used.Can utilize from the machine power of reduction gear 568 or from motor 502 or the mechanical rotary power of propelling system that connects with motor 502 to operate variable speed drive or motor/generator 532.Compressor 526 compresses the air that receives from cooled gas suction tude 528 and pressurized air is applied to compressed air line 520.Variable speed drive or motor 524 operate under the control of variable speed drive/motor/generator control signal 558.Pressurized air in compressed air line 520 is applied to mixing chamber 516, and mixing chamber 516 has a series of openings 546 being arranged in catalytic converter inlet pipe 548 and mixes to generate gaseous mixture 572 to make the pressurized air of compressed air line 520 with the hot exhaust gas from gas exhaust manifold 518.The object of the additional compressed air from compressed air line 520 being added to the upstream of catalytic converter 510 is, more oxygen and/or cooled gas is added in the Exhaust Gas being supplied to catalytic converter 510.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, be not necessarily intended to catalytic converter 510 is operated in stoichiometric region.Efficient super turbocharged engine system 500 is the systems that can use in the engine system of the racing car or other high power that can discharge NOx gas.In the engine system of these types, motor operates by fuel-rich material mixture, thus produces a large amount of power from motor 502.Fuel-rich material mixture is the mixture of fuel and air, and wherein during burn cycle, not every fuel is burned, and therefore, Exhaust Gas comprises unburned fuel.Be subject to pollution criterion restriction way-train or commercial car in, for three-way catalytic converter in earnest balanced engine system to perform following task simultaneously:
1. utilize following formula that nitrogen oxide reduction is become nitrogen and oxygen:
2NOx → xO
2+ N
2formula (1)
2. utilize following formula that Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide is become carbon dioxide:
2CO+O
2→ 2CO
2formula (2)
3. utilize following formula that unburned hydrocarbon (HC) is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water:
C
xh
2X+2+ [(3x+1)/2] O
2→ xCO
2+ (x+1) H
2o formula (3)
When catalytic converter is from during at stoichiometric point or the motor reception Exhaust Gas a little more than stoichiometric point operation, these reactions occur the most efficiently.For gasoline, by mass, be that air between 14.6 parts and 14.8 parts is to 1 part of fuel.Around in stoichiometric narrow fuel/air ratio band, the conversion of all three kinds of pollutants is almost completely.Such as, most of catalytic converter with 97 percent efficiency operation.When existing than required more oxygen, engine system is regarded as poor operation, and system is in oxidation state.In this case, to damage the reduction (formula 1) of NOx for cost, two kinds of oxidation reaction are promoted, i.e. above-mentioned formula 2 and 3.On the other hand, when there is excessive fuel, the operation of motor richness, and to damage CO and HC oxidation (above-mentioned formula 2 and 3) for cost, promote the reduction (formula 1) of NOx.
Referring again to Fig. 5, add pressurized air to generate gaseous mixture 572 via compressed air line 520 to the Exhaust Gas in catalytic converter inlet pipe 548, this will promote above-mentioned formula 2 and formula 3.Because racing engine or other motor of producing a large amount of power operate by fuel-rich material mixture, such as when vehicle acceleration or when operating under situation opened by throttle valve, so this large amount of fuel-rich material mixture will existed in Exhaust Gas making catalytic converter 510 be oxidized from motor.Do not allow fuel-rich material mixture to arrive outlet pipe 512 by catalytic converter 510, add the oxygen existed in the pressurized air from compressor 526 and substantially fully perform oxidation reaction represented in above-mentioned formula 2 and 3 by allowing catalytic converter 510.The process of the unburned fuel in oxidation catalytic converter 510 produces a large amount of heats by catalytic converter 510.Temperature transducer 552 produces the temperature of gas mixture signal 560 being applied to controller 514.And, need the level temperature transforming rear gaseous mixture 574 being remained on approximate less than 950 DEG C, can not be damaged to make catalytic converter 510 or turbo machine 508.In this respect, controller 514 produces the variable speed drive/Motor control signal 558 controlling variable speed drive or motor 524, to generate additional cooled gas in compressed air line 520, thus the temperature in catalytic converter output pipeline 556 is remained on the near optimal temperature of about 900 DEG C-950 DEG C.Compressor 526 can provide more or less pressurized gas so that the temperature measured by temperature transducer 552 is remained on about 900 DEG C.And 900 DEG C-950 DEG C because lower than the temperature of damage will be caused still still enough high to produce high velocity heated gas body in catalytic converter output pipeline 556 to turbo machine 508 and catalytic converter 510, institute thinks near optimal temperature.After transforming, gaseous mixture 574 is warmmer, then after transforming, the speed of gaseous mixture 574 is larger, thus after hotter conversion, gaseous mixture 574 can make turbo machine 508 with the speed rotation higher than the speed of gaseous mixture 574 after the conversion being in lower temperature.And the temperature of 900 DEG C-950 DEG C is only exemplary and based on the material of system.Such as, if turbo machine 508 can be made up of the material that can bear higher temperature, then higher temperature can be more preferably temperature.
And as shown in Figure 5, oxygen sensor 550 is for measuring the oxygen level of the gas being applied to catalytic converter 510.The oxygen sensor signal 554 generated by oxygen sensor 550 is applied to controller 514.By producing the variable speed drive/Motor control signal 558 for controlling compressor 526 being applied to variable speed drive or motor 524, controller 514 controls to be applied to the Exhaust Gas of catalytic converter 510 and the oxygen level of compressed-air actuated mixture.Controller 514 is programmed to there is enough oxygen in the gaseous mixture 572 guaranteeing to be applied to catalytic converter 510, to make the oxidation represented in above-mentioned formula 2 and 3 be completely.Therefore, enough pressurized air is applied to catalytic converter inlet pipe 548 to guarantee the oxidation according to above-mentioned formula 2 and 3.When the temperature detected by temperature transducer 552 starts to reach 900 DEG C-950 DEG C, compressor 526 will use additional compressed air.By this way, oxygen sensor 550 must detect the enough oxygen in gaseous mixture 572 to guarantee the oxidation according to formula 2 and 3 while remaining on below highest temperature level by temperature in response to temperature of gas mixture signal 560, temperature of gas mixture signal 560 detects the temperature leaving gaseous mixture 574 after the conversion of catalytic converter 510.The programming of controller 514 can utilize technology mentioned above to realize.
In addition, the efficient super turbocharged engine system 500 shown in Fig. 5 can also operate to make catalytic converter 510 stoichiometrically pattern operation.Such as, if engine system 500 is used on vehicle, then extra oxygen can be added to the balance of the reaction of freeze mode 1-3 in catalytic converter inlet pipe 548, thus catalytic converter 510 is operated in stoichiometric region.The situation typical being arranged in the engine system 500 in vehicle is, when opening to make vehicle acceleration when throttle valve and obtain more power from motor 502, uses fuel-rich material mixture.In this case, can via compressor 526, compressed air line 520, mixing chamber 516 and opening 546 add extra oxygen with balanced type 1-3 and make catalytic converter 510 stoichiometrically mode operate.In this way, even within the accelerated period of vehicle, also significantly can reduce the pollutant in outlet pipe 512.
Fig. 6 show with such as racing car high power engine system 600 together with use or for the system being similar to Fig. 5 of decreasing pollution thing under opening situation at throttle valve.Racing engine is designed to utilize enriched air/fuel mixture to carry out operating to guarantee to produce a large amount of power from motor 602.Variable speed drive or motor/generator 630 are in response to super-turbocharger rate control signals 656 in mechanically-propelled system or electric transferring power 632 between propulsion system, and super-turbocharger rate control signals 656 is controller 638 responding engine rate signal 658 and engine loading signal 660 and produces.Turbo machine 604 and compressor 608 connect with the high speed driving unit 606 rotating mechanical energy being fed to reduction gear 628.Compressor 608 compresses the air from suction tude 612 and pressurized air 676 is fed to pipeline 634.Pressurized air 676 cools and is applied in compressed air line 636 in interstage cooler 614.Pressurized air 676 in compressed air line 636 is administered to intake manifold (not shown) to improve the power of motor 602.Turbo machine 604 operates in response to gaseous mixture 674 after the conversion of the heat from catalytic converter output pipeline 650.After the conversion of heat, gaseous mixture 674 makes the blade of turbo machine 604 carry out operating and discharge via outlet pipe 610.
As shown in Figure 6, additional compressor 624 is attached to the variable speed drive 626 connected with reduction gear 628.Variable speed drive 626 makes compressor 624 rotate with desired speed in response to variable speed drive/Motor control signal 652.Compressor 624 compresses the gas from cooled gas suction tude 622 and pressurized gas 670 is fed to pressurized gas pipeline 620.And the source of cooled gas suction tude 622 can comprise any desired gas, comprise Exhaust Gas, crank case gases, fresh air or other gas source.Pressurized gas 670 in pressurized gas pipeline 620 is administered in mixing chamber 616, and mixing chamber 616 comprises the opening 662 being arranged in catalytic converter inlet pipe 640.Catalytic converter inlet pipe 640 is also attached to gas exhaust manifold 618.The catalytic converter inlet pipe 640 that catalytic converter 646 is attached near gas exhaust manifold 618 can be administered to catalytic converter 646 to make the hot exhaust gas from gas exhaust manifold 618.Temperature transducer 644 detects the temperature being administered to the pressurized gas of catalytic converter 646 and the gaseous mixture 672 of Exhaust Gas.Oxygen sensor 642 produces the oxygen sensor signal 648 being applied to controller 638.The temperature of gaseous mixture 674 after the conversion of catalytic converter 646 is left in temperature transducer 644 monitoring.Temperature transducer 644 produces the temperature of gas mixture sensor signal 654 being applied to controller 638.
Controller 638 operates in the mode that the controller 514 with Fig. 5 is substantially identical.Because motor 602 can utilize fuel-rich material mixture to operate, so enough pressurized gass 670 are fed to catalytic converter 646 by compressor 624, to make according to formula 2 and 3 complete oxidation hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide substantially in response to variable speed drive/Motor control signal 652.This makes catalytic converter 646 be added to by amount of heat and transforms rear gaseous mixture 674, and after transforming, gaseous mixture 674 is fed to catalytic converter output pipeline 650 and is fed to turbo machine 604 subsequently.Oxygen sensor 642 produces the oxygen sensor signal 648 being applied to controller 638, this guarantees due to the pressurized gas 670 of compressor 624 supply and makes to exist in gaseous mixture 672 enough oxygen, thus guarantees to be oxidized according to formula 2 and 3 in catalytic converter 646.Temperature transducer 644 generation is applied to the temperature of gas mixture signal 654 of controller 638 to guarantee that the pressurized gas 670 of right amount is administered to catalytic converter inlet pipe 640, to guarantee the temperature keeping approximate 900 DEG C-950 DEG C in gaseous mixture 674 in post-conversion, thus do not damage turbo machine 604.Variable speed drive/Motor control signal 652 controls the speed that compressor 624 rotates, and this and then control compressor 624 are administered to the pressurized gas scale of construction of pressurized gas pipeline 620.
As mentioned above, with reference to figure 5, during the acceleration or throttle valve open mode of motor 602, oxygen adds in gaseous mixture 672 by compressor 624.In this case, motor 602 not stoichiometrically mode operate, but fuel-rich material mixture to be administered in motor 602.Result, can by extra oxygen supply to gaseous mixture 672, gaseous mixture 672 be just enough to allow catalytic converter 646 stoichiometrically mode operate to make formula 1-3 balance and substantially all eliminate three kinds of pollution sources, i.e. NOx, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon.
Due to the additional heat that catalytic converter 510,646 produces, the energy needed for compressor 526,624 in application drawing 5 and Fig. 6 is respectively the only about half of of the power that turbo machine 508,604 can produce.In this way, a large amount of additional-energies can be extracted from the richness operation motor shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.System not only shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 extracts additional-energy to improve the Power output of the motor shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and the oxidation described in formula 2 and 3 significantly reduces the pollutant in the Exhaust Gas of the rich operation engine systems such as such as racing car.Although NOx does not reduce when extra oxygen being fed to the input part of catalytic converter 646, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon are substantially gone up and are exported oxidation by the exhaust of these rich operation motors.It is to be further understood that, when motor 602 carries out richness operation, motor 602 produces less NOx gas in a combustion chamber, which reduce the output of NOx gas, even if extra oxygen is added to the input part (it reducing the validity of formula 1) of catalytic converter 646 by compressor 624, is also like this.Because do not need a large amount of pressurized gass 670 to cause oxidation and the cooling of the Exhaust Gas made needed for the engine system operation shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, so more small-sized compressor can be used, the compressor 526,624 such as illustrated in fig. 5 and fig. respectively.Cheap piston, centrifugal or pressurized air needed for diapragm compressor supply can be used.These compressors can advance the variable speed drive of system to operate by motor or by being connected to as described above.In this way, the system shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 can easily construct with low cost.In addition, catalytic converter 510,646 can comprise the high flow capacity catalytic converter that a large amount of gaseous mixtures can be made to flow through catalytic converter.In this way, catalytic converter 510,646 does not limit Exhaust Gas and flows to turbo machine 508,604.
Fig. 7 is the plotted curve 700 of the temperature of the gaseous mixture illustrated in the catalytic converter output pipeline 556 of Fig. 5 and the catalytic converter output pipeline 650 of Fig. 6.As shown in Figure 7, in the part 702 of curve, when catalytic converter 510,646 starts operation and utilizes pressurized air to provide extra oxygen, temperature raises.At point 703 place, controller 514,638 is judged to need more air so that gaseous mixture is remained on 900 DEG C-950 DEG C.Therefore, add enough air and remain on approximate 900 DEG C-950 DEG C with the temperature of the gaseous mixture at the carry-out part place by catalytic converter 510,646, as shown in the part 704 of curve.If do not add additional compressed air, then will be increased to approximate 1100 DEG C in the temperature of the gaseous mixture at the carry-out part place of catalytic converter 510,646, as shown in curve 706, at point 705 place, controller 514,638 judges to there is enough oxygen in response to oxygen sensor signal 554,648, but judge that the relatively large air utilizing compressor 526,624 to supply declines, by making the temperature of the gaseous mixture at the carry-out part place of catalytic converter 510,646 as shown in curve 708 to.Therefore, air supply is reduced, to make the temperature of gaseous mixture remain on approximate 900 DEG C-950 DEG C, as shown in the part 709 of curve.In this way, remain on basic optimum level in the temperature of the gaseous mixture at the carry-out part place of catalytic converter 510,646 and from hot exhaust gas, extract most of energy to utilize turbo machine 508,604, also utilize the detection of oxygen sensor 550,642 to guarantee to there is enough oxygen to guarantee the complete oxidation according to above-mentioned formula 2 and 3 occurs according to the detection of oxygen sensor 550,642 in the gaseous mixture at the input part place of catalytic converter 510,646 simultaneously.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of efficient super turbocharged engine system 800.As shown in Figure 8, motor 802 utilizes the super-turbocharger comprising turbo machine 804 and compressor 806.Transmission device 808 is connected to turbo machine 804 and compressor 806, and in variable speed drive or transferring power between motor/generator 820 and turbo machine 804/ compressor 806.Power 822 exports at variable speed drive or motor/generator 820 and motor or transmits between dynamical system, as mentioned above.Enter gas 824 to be compressed by compressor 806, and Exhaust Gas 810 is discharged from turbo machine 804.
As shown in Figure 8, pressurized air 876 is fed to pipeline 860 by compressor 806.Pressurized air 876 in pipeline 860 is applied to the interstage cooler 858 of cooled compressed air 876.Then, cooled compressed air is administered to the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 802 via compressed air line 856.Mixing valve 842 is connected to mixing duct 818, and pressurized air 870 is fed to catalytic converter inlet pipe 830 via mixing chamber 814 by mixing duct 818.Mixing valve 842 operates under the control of controller mixing valve signal 844.Opening 812 in catalytic converter inlet pipe 830 allows pressurized air 870 to flow into catalytic converter inlet pipe 830 and mixes with the Exhaust Gas from gas exhaust manifold 816.The pressure of the pressurized air 870 in mixing duct 818 is greater than the middle pressure of the Exhaust Gas in catalytic converter inlet pipe 830, flows into the Exhaust Gas in catalytic converter inlet pipe 830 to make pressurized air 870 and mixes to generate gaseous mixture 872 with it.As mentioned above, enter gas 824 can comprise and enter gas or other gas from the fresh of surrounding environment.If fresh air is fed to mixing chamber 814 by mixing duct 818, then oxygen adds in catalytic converter 836 and will contribute to oxidation from carbon monoxide existing in the Exhaust Gas of gas exhaust manifold 816 and hydrocarbon.By extra oxygen being added in Exhaust Gas to the stoichiometric point exceeding air/fuel ratio, according to the process represented in formula 2 and formula 3, catalytic converter 836 will be oxidized hydrocarbon existing in Exhaust Gas and carbon monoxide effectively.But, the extra oxygen exceeding stoichiometric point by weakening the process represented in formula 1, with the reduction making NOx gas there is more poor efficiency.
And as shown in Figure 8, catalytic converter inlet pipe 830 is connected to the input part of catalytic converter 836.Catalytic converter 836 can comprise high flow capacity catalytic converter, and high flow capacity catalytic converter produces minimum back pressure to the Exhaust Gas discharged from gas exhaust manifold 816 or do not produce back pressure.High flow capacity catalytic converter may be used for all embodiments disclosed herein.Oxygen sensor 832 can contribute to forming the gaseous mixture with stoichiometric proportion, with make catalytic converter stoichiometrically mode operate.Oxygen sensor 832 senses the oxygen level of gaseous mixture 872.The oxygen sensor signal 838 that oxygen sensor 832 produces is applied to controller 850.Controller 850 calculates suitable oxygen level to produce the stoichiometric proportion reaching the gaseous mixture 872 of stoichiometric point.Controller 850 produces controller mixing valve signal 844 subsequently, controls mixing valve 842 to regulate pressurized air 870 amount mixed with Exhaust Gas in mixing chamber 814 to form the stoichiometric proportion of these gases.
Then, catalytic converter can perform the chemical reaction above represented by formula 1-3.Therefore, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidized in catalytic converter 836, simultaneously NOx gas is also reduced, this is because the air/fuel mixture of stoichiometric proportion is supplied to catalytic converter 836.In addition, the data from vehicle computer can be supplied to controller 850 by data-signal 880.Vehicle computer controls the air/fuel ratio entering the mixture of engine chamber.When the air/fuel mixture of non-stoichiometric is sent to motor, vehicle computer learns the ratio of this air/fuel.Data-signal 880 comprises the air/fuel ratio data relevant with air/fuel ratio.Controller 850 can predict from gas exhaust manifold discharge Exhaust Gas air/fuel ratio change and by controller mixing valve signal 844 to control the process opened or closed of mixing valve 842.Such as, if the throttle valve on vehicle is opened, then vehicle computer produces the control signal of control air/fuel ratio to control throttle valve.Control signal is also administered on controller 850 as data-signal 880.Controller 850 calculates new air/fuel ratio and produces controller mixing valve signal 844 opens to add more pressurized air 870 to catalytic converter inlet pipe 830 to make mixing valve 842 predetermined amounts, thus improves the oxygen content of gaseous mixture 872.Oxygen sensor 832 produces the O being administered to controller 850
2sensor signal 838, for confirming that the input part place at catalytic converter 836 exists the gaseous mixture 872 of suitable oxygen level.Along with air/fuel ratio change, controller 850 can in response to data-signal 880, and continue to regulate mixing valve 842.Controller 850 is known or can be calculated the throttle valve producing fuel-rich material mixture and opens delay between the fuel-rich material mixture ratio that exists the Exhaust Gas discharged from gas exhaust manifold 816.For the pressurized air 870 of setting pressure, controller 850 also calculates opening of mixing valve 842 and pressurized air and is fed to delay between catalytic converter inlet pipe 830, thus timing can be carried out to opening of mixing valve 842, make to discharge fuel-rich material mixture from the extra oxygen of pressurized gas and gas exhaust manifold 816 and almost side by side arrive catalytic converter inlet pipe 830.In this way, stoichiometric proportion can be administered to catalytic converter 836 continuously, can stoichiometrically mode operate and according to the remarkable decreasing pollution thing of formula 1-3 to make catalytic converter 836.Catalytic converter 836 can also operate in non-stoichiometry mode, as described below.
And as shown in Figure 8, temperature transducer 834 detects the temperature leaving gaseous mixture 874 after the conversion of catalytic converter 836.After transforming, gaseous mixture 874 flows into catalytic converter output pipeline 840 and is directed to turbo machine 804 to drive turbo machine 804.Then, gaseous mixture 874 after outlet pipe 810 place discharges conversion.Controller 850 receives O
2sensor signal 838 and temperature of gas mixture signal 846, O
2sensor signal 838 represents the amount of oxygen be administered in the gaseous mixture 872 of catalytic converter, and temperature of gas mixture signal 846 represents the temperature of gaseous mixture 874 after the conversion of catalytic converter 836 outflow.Controller 850 is in response to engine speed signal 852, engine loading signal 854, O
2sensor signal 838 and temperature of gas mixture signal 846 produce controller mixing valve signal 844, to control the operation of mixing valve 842.Such as, the pressurized air 870 flowing through mixing valve 842 from pipeline 860 can be used for cooling the gaseous mixture 872 entering catalytic converter 836, and the extra oxygen being provided for being oxidized fuel-rich material mixture and not producing stoichiometric proportion.Such as, O
2sensor 832 can indicating controller 850, needs extra oxygen to be oxidized fuel-rich material mixture, thus makes catalytic converter 836 reach stoichiometric operation level.Then, temperature transducer 834 can indicate, and may need additional compressed air to cool the gas discharged from catalytic converter 836, to make turbo machine 804 not impaired.Controller 850 can operate mixing valve 842 to guarantee that the gas that enters of enough supplys is supplied to catalytic converter input pipeline 830, with make catalytic converter 836 can when there is fuel-rich material mixture stoichiometrically mode operate, and if need, additional cooled gas is then provided, is no more than with gaseous mixture 874 after making conversion the temperature damaging turbo machine 804.In this case, additional compressed air 870 will make gaseous mixture 872 not meet stoichiometric proportion, but can by Exhaust Gas cooling after conversion to prevent from causing damage to turbo machine 804.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the super turbocharged engine system 900 of efficient spark ignition.Engine system comprises motor 902, turbo machine 904, compressor 906 and transmission device 908.Transmission device 908 is transferring power between turbine/compressor axle (not shown) and continuously variable transmission device 924.Also in continuously variable transmission device 924 and axle 926, rotating band 928, transferring power between drive pulley 930 and bent axle 974.Can connect with bent axle 974 about by the rotation from transmission device 908, CVT control signal 952 makes continuously variable transmission device 924 with suitable rotational speed operation.Alternatively, continuously variable transmission device 924 can be connected with motor generator, as disclosed above.In addition, can not be by power coupling to bent axle 974, but by the propelling system of power coupling to vehicle, such as vehicle transmission gear.
And as shown in Figure 9, pressurized air 996 for compressing the air from suction tude 910, and is fed to pipeline 964 by compressor 906.Pressure transducer 966 produces the pressurized air boost pressure signal 954 being fed to controller 956.Pressurized air 996 is fed to interstage cooler 970 by pipeline 964, interstage cooler 970 cooled compressed air 996.Then, cooled compressed air 992 is supplied to compressed air line 968, and compressed air line 968 connects with the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 902.Also interstage cooler pipeline 934 is fed in the cooled compressed air 992 at the carry-out part place of interstage cooler 970.Controller 956 generation is applied to the interstage cooler valve signal 950 of interstage cooler valve 962 to control the operation of interstage cooler valve 962.When interstage cooler valve 962 is opened, cooled compressed air 992 is fed to mixing chamber 916 via interstage cooler pipeline 934.Opening 914 allows cooled compressed air 992 to enter catalytic converter output pipeline 922 to cool gaseous mixture 990 after the conversion of catalytic converter 944 discharge.Temperature transducer 932 detects the temperature of the rear gaseous mixture 994 of cooling and produces the temperature of gas mixture signal 948 being applied to controller 956.If indicated by temperature of gas mixture signal 948 to enter the temperature of gaseous mixture 994 after the cooling of turbo machine 904 too high, then utilize interstage cooler valve signal 950 to open additional amount to control interstage cooler valve 962, thus further cooling enter gaseous mixture 994 after the cooling of turbo machine 904.
And as shown in Figure 9, in response to mixing valve signal 946, mixing valve 972 operates that pressurized air 996 is fed to mixing duct 920.Mixing duct 920 connects that with mixing chamber 978 pressurized air 986 from mixing duct 920 is fed to catalytic converter inlet pipe 940.Pressurized air 986 in mixing duct 920 forms the pressurized air comprising oxygen usually.Because cooling-air to be fed to by interstage cooler pipeline 936 via mixing chamber 916 after the conversion of being discharged by catalytic converter 944 in Exhaust Gas, so the pressurized air 986 being fed to catalytic converter inlet pipe 940 does not need oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and does not need to provide cooled gas to cool rear gaseous mixture 988.In other words, after transforming, whole cooling of gaseous mixture 990 can be realized by cooled compressed air 992.In this way, the pressurized air 986 provided via mixing duct 920 can only for the object of gas forming stoichiometric proportion in catalytic converter inlet pipe 940.With to above for the mode that the mode disclosed by Fig. 8 is similar, utilize controller 956 to receive data-signal 982 from vehicle computer, data-signal 982 represents the ratio being administered to the air/fuel mixture of the firing chamber of motor 902.Data-signal 982 is used for utilizing mixing valve signal 946 to control opening of mixing valve 972 by controller 956.Mixing valve signal 946 is opened mixing valve 972 and is entered mixing duct 920 to allow enough pressurized air 996, in the mode described with reference to figure 8, mixing duct 920 is inserted in catalytic converter inlet pipe 940 via mixing chamber 978 and opening 980 to produce the gas being administered to the stoichiometric proportion of catalytic converter 944.O
2sensor 942 confirms the oxygen level of gaseous mixture 988 and produces O
2sensor signal 976, O
2sensor signal 976 is administered to controller 956 and expects that oxygen level to form stoichiometric proportion in gaseous mixture 988 to guarantee to have reached in gaseous mixture 988.Mixing valve 972 can operate in a continuous manner in response to mixing valve signal 946, thus in gaseous mixture 988, forms stoichiometric proportion for the various serviceability of vehicle continuously.
Alternatively, mixing valve 972 can in response to O
2sensor signal 976 operates, thus only guarantees that sufficient oxygen is supplied to gaseous mixture 988 with oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and does not form the gaseous mixture 988 of the stoichiometric proportion being applied to catalytic converter 944.In this case, relative to formula 1, formula 2 and 3 is promoted.Therefore, catalytic converter 944 does not play the effect of reducing NOx gas.Such as, O
2sensor 942 can produce the O being applied to controller 956
2sensor signal 976 represents the oxygen level of the gaseous mixture 988 being applied to catalytic converter 944.In response to O
2sensor signal 976, controller 956 produces mixing valve signal 946 to control the oxygen level be applied in the gaseous mixture 988 of catalytic converter 944.In this way, can the outer oxygen of amount supplied to guarantee fully oxidized carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, and do not consider the reduction of NOx gas.Then, gas after the conversion at the carry-out part place of catalytic converter 944 is transported to catalytic converter output pipeline 922, in catalytic converter output pipeline 922, these gases is mixed with the cooled compressed air 996 from interstage cooler pipeline 934.After cooling, gaseous mixture 994 is directed into the input part of turbo machine 904, and turbo machine 904 drives by cooling rear gaseous mixture 994, and is vented via outlet pipe 912.
As illustrated further in Fig. 9, pressurized air boost pressure signal 954 is applied to controller 956.Controller 956 judges whether to be formed by pressurized air boost pressure signal 954, engine speed signal 958 and engine loading signal 960 and possible springs up state.If possible, then mixing valve 972 or interstage cooler valve 962 can be opened to avoid springing up state.Preferably open interstage cooler valve 962, additional cooled gas is only added to Exhaust Gas after the conversion leaving catalytic converter 944 by interstage cooler valve 962, and do not open mixing valve 972, this is because opening of mixing valve 972 can cause the gas in catalytic converter inlet pipe 940 to occur non-stoichiometric.
Figure 10 is another embodiment of the super turbocharged engine system 1000 of efficient spark ignition.Motor 1002 cooperates with the super-turbocharger comprising turbo machine 1004 and compressor 1006.Compressor 1006 compresses the air from suction tude 1010 and produces the pressurized air being applied to pipeline 1066.Pressure transducer 1068 is arranged in pipeline 1066 to detect the pressure of pressurized air 1026 and to produce the pressurized air boost pressure signal 1056 being applied to controller 1058.Controller 1058 reads pressurized air boost pressure signal 1056, engine speed signal 1060 and engine loading signal 1062 to judge whether to form the state of springing up.In this case, mixing valve 1074 or interstage cooler valve 1064 can be opened in response to mixing valve control signal 1048 or interstage cooler valve control signal 1052 respectively.
In some respects, Figure 10 and Fig. 9 is similar to be, cooled compressed air 1008 can be applied to mixing chamber 1016 via interstage cooler valve 1064 and flow through opening 1014 to cool gaseous mixture 1018 after the conversion in catalytic converter output pipeline 1020, thus gaseous mixture 1040 after generating the cooling driving turbo machine 1004.But main cooling source is from the pressurized air 1026 in compressed air line 1022.Temperature transducer 1076 produces temperature of gas mixture signal 1050, and temperature of gas mixture signal 1050 represents the temperature being positioned at gaseous mixture 1018 after the conversion in mixing chamber 1016 downstream.If the temperature of gaseous mixture 1018 starts to raise towards the maximum temperature of such as 950 DEG C after the input part place of turbo machine 1004 transforms, then the mixing valve control signal 1048 generated in response to controller 1058 and open mixing valve 1074.If mixing valve 1074 opens completely and after the conversion at the input part place of turbo machine 1004, the temperature of gaseous mixture 1018 continues to raise, then the interstage cooler control valve control signal 1052 that can produce in response to controller 1058 and open interstage cooler valve 1064.In this case, mixing valve 1074 can cut out or part closedown, thus the cooled compressed air 1008 from interstage cooler 1072 be present in interstage cooler pipeline 1030 may be needed to transform rear gaseous mixture 1018 to cool fully.Because cooled compressed air 1008 is colder than pressurized air 1026, so cooled compressed air 1008 can cool fully transform rear gaseous mixture 1018, or the combination of cooled compressed air 1008 and pressurized air 1026 may be needed to cool the rear gaseous mixture 1018 of conversion fully.If controller 1058 detects that gas temperature signal 1050 continues to raise, even if then cooled compressed air 1008 and pressurized air 1026 to be administered to gaseous mixture 1018 after transforming, controller 1058 also can produce CVT control signal 1054, this will make compressor 1006 operate at a relatively high speed, to form more pressurized air 1026 and cooled compressed air 1008.In this respect, pressure transducer 1068 forms the pressurized air boost pressure signal 1056 of the pressure represented in pipeline 1066, to judge whether there is enough pressurized air in pipeline 1066 further.Pressure transducer in pressure transducer 1068 and other embodiment is also supplied to controller, such as controller 1058, to avoid springing up state, as being described in more detail above.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 10, pressurized air (such as pressurized air 1026) is not administered to the input part of catalytic converter 1044.Therefore, motor 1002 can operate according to stoichiometric air/fuel ratio or non-stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.Under any circumstance, catalytic converter 1044 can utilize the Exhaust Gas with stoichiometric proportion or non-stoichiometric to operate.In either case, catalytic converter 1044 will attempt the reaction of execution formula 1-3 to reduce the pollutant in outlet pipe 1012.
Figure 11 is another embodiment of the super turbosupercharged engine 1100 of efficient spark ignition.Super turbocharged engine system 1100 comprises motor 1102, and motor 1102 has super-turbocharger, and this super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1104 and compressor 1106.Variable speed drive 1132 is connected to compressor 1130, and compressor 1130 compresses and enters gas from cooled gas suction tude 1128.Enter gas and generally include air, but all other gas as described above can be comprised.The transmission device control signal 1152 that variable speed drive 1132 produces in response to controller 1158 and operating.Variable speed drive 1132 makes compressor 1130 rotate to be formed and to cool gaseous mixture 1114 after conversion and by pressurized air 1008 amount needed for the oxidizing hydrocarbon in gaseous mixture 1112.Mixing valve 1074 controls pressurized air 1108 amount being fed to mixing chamber 1118.Opening 1116 allows pressurized air 1108 to enter catalytic converter inlet pipe 1140 to generate gaseous mixture 1112 by opening 1116.Gaseous mixture 1112 comprises Exhaust Gas from gas exhaust manifold 1124 and pressurized air 1108.Pressurized air 1108 is also fed to mixing chamber 1122.Opening 1120 allows pressurized air 1108 to flow into catalytic converter output pipeline 1150 and mixes with gaseous mixture 1114 after conversion.Optional valve 1134 can be included to control pressurized air 1108 amount be fed in mixing chamber 1122 in response to control valve signal 1137.
According to the embodiment of Figure 11, pressurized air 1108 amount controlling to be supplied by mixing valve 1126 is to generate the gaseous mixture 1112 that air/fuel ratio is stoichiometric proportion.According to an optional embodiment, the fuel ratio signal 1136 from vehicle computer can be sent to controller 1158, fuel ratio signal 1136 represents the air/fuel ratio being administered to the mixture of the firing chamber of motor 1102.Fuel ratio signal 1136 is received by controller 1158, and controller 1158 calculates the oxygen needed for gaseous mixture 1112 being formed and have stoichiometric proportion.Controller 1158 produces mixing valve signal 1144 in response to fuel ratio signal 1136.Mixing valve signal 1144 is administered to mixing valve 1126, is placed in catalytic converter inlet pipe 1140 to form the gaseous mixture 1112 with stoichiometric proportion to make the pressurized air 1108 of appropriate amount.O
2sensor 1142 detects oxygen content and produces O
2sensor signal 1148, O
2sensor signal 1148 is administered to controller 1158 and is placed in catalytic converter inlet pipe 1140 to guarantee the oxygen of appropriate amount thus forms stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.Then, catalytic converter 1146 pairs of gaseous mixtures 1112 transform and transform rear gaseous mixture 1114 to be formed in catalytic converter output pipeline 1150.Pressurized air 1108 is administered in mixing chamber 1122 subsequently.Pressurized air 1108 flows through opening 1120 and mixes with gaseous mixture 1114 after conversion to be formed with the valve control signal produced in response to controller 1158 and cool afterwards gaseous mixture 1160.The cooling air volume that optional valve 1134 controls to be placed in mixing chamber 1122 can be set.But transmission device control signal 1152 can operate pressurized air 1108 amount that variable speed drive 1132 controls to be placed in mixing chamber 1122, thus does not need valve 1134.Valve control signal (not shown) can be utilized to carry out control valve 1134 by controller 1158.Temperature transducer 1168 detects the temperature of the rear gaseous mixture 1160 of cooling and produces gaseous mixture temperature signal 1154.Controller 1158 is monitored the temperature of the rear gaseous mixture 1160 of cooling and is utilized transmission device control signal 1152 to control the operation of variable speed drive 1132, to control pressurized air 1108 amount being placed in catalytic converter output pipeline 1150, thus guarantee that cooling rear gaseous mixture 1160 is no more than the temperature damaging turbo machine 1104.Alternately, controller 1158 can also be utilized to control optional valve 1134 to control to be placed in pressurized air 1108 amount of catalytic converter output pipeline 1150.Then, gaseous mixture 1160 after cooling is placed in turbo machine 1104.Turbo machine 1104 drives by cooling rear gaseous mixture 1160, and then drives compressor 1106.
Figure 12 shows another embodiment of the super turbocharged engine system 1200 of efficient spark ignition.Super turbocharged engine system 1200 comprises motor 1202.Motor 1202 is attached to super-turbocharger, and super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1210 and compressor 1204.Compressor 1204 compress supplied by suction tude 1208 enter air to produce pressurized air 1248 in pipeline 1228.Interstage cooler 1232 cooled compressed air 1248 and produce the cooled compressed air 1250 that is administered in the intake manifold of motor 1202 in compressed air line 1230.
And as shown in figure 12, the Exhaust Gas 1242 from gas exhaust manifold 1234 is placed in catalytic converter inlet pipe 1220.Catalytic converter 1222 pairs of Exhaust Gas 1242 transform and transform rear Exhaust Gas 1244 to produce in catalytic converter output pipeline 1224.Feedback valve 1226 is arranged in pipeline 1228.Pipeline 1228 is connected to catalytic converter output pipeline 1224.When feedback valve 1226 is opened in response to control signal, the cooling-air 1246 from pipeline 1228 mixes with Exhaust Gas 1244 after conversion.After duct length 1240 is enough to allow conversion, Exhaust Gas 1244 and cooling-air 1246 mix substantially, thus gaseous mixture 1212 mixes with gaseous mixture 1212 after cooling and cooled before entering in turbo machine 1210 after the cooling period.Motor 1202 can stoichiometrically air/fuel ratio or non-stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (such as rich fuel ratio) operation.When motor 1202 stoichiometrically air/fuel ratio operation time, the chemical reaction that catalytic converter 1222 performs formula 1-3 is with decreasing pollution thing significantly and Exhaust Gas 1244 after transforming.When using the non-stoichiometric of such as rich fuel ratio, catalytic converter 1222 is so ineffective, because the hydrocarbon in Exhaust Gas and carbon monoxide do not have catalyzed converter 1222 complete oxidation.But Exhaust Gas 1244 is entering the reduction of the temperature before turbo machine 1210 after cooling-air 1246 makes conversion.In this respect, for the vehicle of motor 1202 is installed during throttle valve open mode, in motor 1202, fuel-rich material mixture is used.This defines hydrocarbon and the carbon monoxide of higher level in the Exhaust Gas 1242 transformed by catalytic converter 1222.The temperature that cooling-air 1246 guarantees to cool rear gaseous mixture 1212 is no more than the temperature that can cause damage to turbo machine 1210.
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the super turbocharged engine system 1300 of efficient spark ignition.Super turbocharged engine system 1300 comprises the motor 1302 with super-turbocharger, and super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1304 and compressor 1306.Compressor 1306 compresses air from suction tude 1310 to produce pressurized air 1320 in pipeline 1350.Pressurized air 1320 flows through interstage cooler 1352, and interstage cooler 1352 cooled compressed air to form cooled compressed air 1338 in compressed air line 1354.Cooled compressed air 1338 in compressed air line 1354 is administered to the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 1302.Exhaust Gas 1316 is emitted by gas exhaust manifold 1362 and flows through pipeline 1330.Feedback valve 1336 allows pressurized air 1320 to flow to mixing chamber 1360.Opening 1358 allows pressurized air 1320 to flow into catalytic converter output pipeline 1364.Temperature transducer 1366 produces the temperature of gas mixture signal 1332 being administered to controller 1346.Controller 1346 produces and is administered to the controller feedback valve signal 1334 of feedback valve 1336, to control the temperature of gaseous mixture 1314 after the cooling that detected by temperature transducer 1366.After cooling the temperature of gaseous mixture 1314 be maintained at can damage turbo machine 1304 maximum temperature below.
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the super turbocharged engine system 1400 of efficient spark ignition.Super turbocharged engine system 1400 comprises the motor 1402 being equipped with super-turbocharger.Super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1404 and compressor 1406.Compressor 1406 compress provided by suction tude 1410 enter air to provide pressurized air 1484 in pipeline 1462.Interstage cooler 1466 cooled compressed air 1484 to form cooled compressed air 1486 in compressed air line 1464.Cooled compressed air 1486 is administered to the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 1402.
And as shown in figure 14, variable speed drive or motor 1426 operate under the control of the compressor power control signal 1450 produced by controller 1456.Power source 1424 is utilized to operate variable speed drive or motor 1426.Power source 1424 can be the power supply of operating motor 1426 or the mechanical power source of operation variable speed drive 1426.Compressor 1428 is attached to variable speed drive or motor 1426 and produces compression cooled gas 1432.Compressor 1428 produces compression cooled gas 1432 from the gas provided in cooled gas suction tude 1430.Usually, cooled gas is made up of fresh air, but can comprise other gas any mentioned above.Compression cooled gas is fed to mixing chamber 1416.Mixing chamber 1416 has opening 1414, and opening 1414 allows compression cooled gas 1432 to flow into catalytic converter inlet pipe 1440, and mixes with the Exhaust Gas from gas exhaust manifold 1422, to generate gaseous mixture 1434.In addition, compress cooled gas 1432 and be supplied to mixing chamber 1420.Mixing chamber 1420 has the opening 1418 being arranged in catalytic converter output pipeline 1448, and after allowing conversion, gaseous mixture 1480 flows in catalytic converter output pipeline 1448 to generate the rear gaseous mixture 1482 of cooling.After cooling, gaseous mixture is fed to turbo machine 1404, to drive turbo machine 1404, and discharges from exhaust outlet 1412.If motor 1402 is doing rich operation, then compressor 1428 can provide the extra oxygen in compression cooled gas 1432 form, and extra oxygen is administered to mixing chamber 1416 to form the stoichiometric proportion of gaseous mixture 1434.By regulating the operation of variable speed drive or motor 1426 in response to the compressor power control signal 1450 provided by controller 1456, the stoichiometric proportion of gaseous mixture 1434 can be generated in catalytic converter inlet pipe 1440.Controller 1456 utilizes compressor power control signal 1450 to control variable speed drive or motor 1426 so that more or less compression cooled gas 1432 is fed to catalytic converter inlet pipe 1440.And oxygen sensor 1442 is monitored the oxygen level in catalytic converter inlet pipe 1440 and is produced O
2sensor signal 1446, O
2sensor signal 1446 provides the signal of the oxygen level of existence in expression catalytic converter inlet pipe 1440 for controller 1456.By using O
2sensor signal 1446 controls compression cooled gas 1432 amount that the operation of variable speed drive or motor and then control are fed to mixing chamber 1416, and controller 1456 can also control the oxygen level in catalytic converter inlet pipe 1440.Alternatively, can from vehicle computer supplies data signals 1408, this data-signal represents the air/fuel ratio of the gaseous mixture of the firing chamber being administered to motor 1402.Then, controller 1456 produces compressor power control signal 1450 in response to data-signal 1408.Temperature transducer 1468 produces the temperature of gas mixture signal 1452 being also administered to controller 1456.And, controller 1456 can be utilized to regulate variable speed drive or motor 1426, and controller 1456 produces compressor power control signal 1450 and is no more than the maximum temperature that can cause damage to turbo machine 1404 with the temperature guaranteeing to cool rear gaseous mixture 1482 in response to temperature of gas mixture signal 1452.
Figure 15 A shows another embodiment of the super turbocharged engine system 1500 of efficient spark ignition.Super turbocharged engine system 1500 comprises the motor 1502 being equipped with super-turbocharger.Super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1504 and compressor 1506.Compressor 1506 compresses and enters air to form pressurized air 1548 in pipeline 1514 from suction tude 1510.Interstage cooler 1518 cooled compressed air 1548 to form cooled compressed air 1550 in compressed air line 1516, and cooled compressed air 1550 is applied in the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 1502.
And as shown in fig. 15, variable speed drive or motor 1550 operate in response to the compressor power control signal 1519 produced by controller 1527.Compressor 1526 is attached to variable speed drive or motor 1520 and compresses the cooled gas supplied by cooled gas suction tude 1528.Cooled gas can comprise fresh air or other gas above-mentioned.The pressurized gas 1522 produced by compressor 1526 is supplied to pipeline 1562.Pressurized gas is directed to equilibrium valve 1560 via pipeline 1562.Equilibrium valve operates in response to the equilibrium valve signal 1592 produced by controller 1527.Pressurized gas 1522 is administered to mixing chamber 1578 and flows into NOx conversion device inlet pipe 1588 to form gaseous mixture 1524 via opening 1580.Gaseous mixture 1524 is the mixture of pressurized gas 1522 and the Exhaust Gas from gas exhaust manifold 1576.O
2sensor 1590 is monitored the oxygen level of gaseous mixture 1524 and is produced the O being administered to controller 1527
2sensor signal 1596.Controller 1527 utilizes equilibrium valve signal 1592 to control the operation of equilibrium valve 1560 so that more or less pressurized gas 1522 is fed to NOx conversion device inlet pipe 1588.NOx conversion device 1594 plays the effect carrying out reducing NOx gas according to above-mentioned formula 1.Hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 plays the effect be oxidized the hydrocarbon in gaseous mixture 1541 after the NOx conversion leaving NOx conversion device 1594 and carbon monoxide.In other words, with two stage decreasing pollution things.NOx conversion device 1594 pairs of NOx gases transform.Be administered in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 by gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1541 subsequently, hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 is by the hydrocarbon in gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1541 and Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide.According to formula 1, be understood that when fuel ratio as NOx gas time rich is reduced.According to above-mentioned formula 2 and 3, extra oxygen allows hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide fully.If motor 1502 burning be rich in mixture, such as mixture be more than 30% be rich in, then the Exhaust Gas from gas exhaust manifold 1576 may extremely be rich in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.All hydrocarbons in burning hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 and carbon monoxide may cause hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 overheated.In this respect, can via equilibrium valve 1560 from pressurized gas 1522 supply oxygen with some hydrocarbons Burner for conversion process 1594, converter 1594 can comprise can the three-way catalytic converter of oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.In this way, after NOx conversion in gaseous mixture 1541 exist hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide slightly reduce to make hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 need not be oxidized all hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and therefore can avoid overheated.O
2sensor 1590 is by O
2sensor signal 1596 is supplied to the oxygen that controller 1527 carries out by pressurized gas 1522 with monitoring in inlet pipe 1588 after NOx conversion and adds.
And as shown in fig. 15, pipeline 1562 is connected to pipeline 1582, when valve 1584 is opened, pressurized gas 1522 is fed to mixing chamber 1570 by pipeline 1582.Pressurized gas 1522 flows through opening 1574 to form gaseous mixture 1543.Valve 1584 operates in response to the control valve signal 1537 produced by controller 1527.O
2oxygen level after NOx conversion monitored by sensor 1586 in gaseous mixture 1541 and produce and be administered to the O of controller 1527
2sensor signal 1525.Controller 1527 utilizes control valve signal 1537 to open valve 1584 to add to after NOx conversion in gaseous mixture 1541 by pressurized gas 1522 via opening 1574, to guarantee there is sufficient oxygen with all hydrocarbons and the carbon monoxide of burning fully in the gaseous mixture 1543 entering hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572.Because NOx gas is converted in NOx conversion device 1594, so without the need to forming stoichiometric proportion in gaseous mixture 1543.After the oxidation of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 is left in temperature transducer 1533 monitoring gaseous mixture 1545 temperature and produce and be administered to the gaseous mixture temperature signal 1521 of controller 1527.Controller 1527 utilizes temperature of gas mixture signal 1521 to produce control valve signal 1535, and control valve signal 1535 controls the operation of the valve 1566 be arranged in pipeline 1564.Valve 1566 allows pressurized gas 1522 to flow into mixing chamber 1568 and is mixed by opening 1575 and the rear gaseous mixture 1545 of oxidation thus cooled to be oxidized rear gaseous mixture 1545.Then, gaseous mixture 1547 after cooling is administered to turbo machine 1504.The operation of valve 1566 guarantees that cooling rear gaseous mixture 1547 is no more than the temperature damaging turbo machine 1504.
The advantage of the super turbocharged engine system 1500 shown in Figure 15 A is, can allow the operation of motor richness and can not cause any additional pollution.By allowing the operation of motor 1502 richness, the liquid fuel in motor contributes to cooled engine inner member, which increases the life-span of motor 1502.And NOx conversion device 1594 utilizes fuel-rich material mixture more efficiently to operate.In addition, fuel-rich material mixture is fully oxidized to make there is not hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in outlet pipe 1512 in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572.In addition, rich operation motor is because the fuel and be usually regarded as compared with poor efficiency of being wasted in outlet pipe.But, by by gaseous mixture 1545 operating turbine 1504 after oxidation, reclaim the heat produced by the oxidation of the hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 and carbon monoxide at least in part.This additional heat produced in gaseous mixture 1545 after oxidation drives turbo machine 1504 to allow the mode retrieved from most of energy of fuel-rich material mixture.Operating valve 1566 is to make the temperature of gaseous mixture 1547 after cooling in the scope of 900 DEG C-950 DEG C, and this scope just can cause below the temperature of damage to turbine 1504.In addition, when operating based on fuel-rich material mixture, motor 1502 produces additional horsepower, and this also will improve the efficiency of super turbocharged engine system 1500.Therefore, super turbocharged engine system 1500 shown in Figure 15 A improves the shaft horsepower of motor 1502, does not form any pollutant and can to reclaim otherwise the heat of used heat after may becoming cooling in gaseous mixture 1597 operates to make turbo machine 1504.In addition, because fuel-rich material mixture plays the effect of cooled engine parts and NOx conversion device 1594 is more efficient, so the engine interior parts of motor 1502 operate coldlyer.
In order to simplify the operation of engine system 1500 further, can exempt and pressurized gas 1522 is added in NOx conversion device inlet pipe 1588.That NOx conversion device 1594 can be used as three-way conversion device, and is not only used as NOx conversion device because will fuel-rich material mixture partly in oxidation of NOx converter 1594 by pressurized gas 1522 partly cause added in gaseous mixture 1524.As mentioned above, the reason being partly oxidized fuel-rich material mixture is to prevent hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 overheated due to a large amount of hydrocarbon in gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1541 and carbon monoxide.But the pressurized gas 1522 of additional amount can be added to after the NOx conversion in NOx conversion device output pipeline 1598 in gaseous mixture 1541, this amount has exceeded the amount needed for complete oxidation hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.In other words, the pressurized gas 1522 of additional amount can be placed in NOx conversion device output pipeline 1598, thus all hydrocarbons not only in oxidation of hydrocarbons/carbon monoxide converter 1572 and carbon monoxide, and provide cooled gas to reduce the operating temperature of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572.In this way, the pressurized gas 1522 that mixing chamber 1570 is supplied can by the amount supply preventing hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 overheated.The temperature data at the carry-out part place of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 is fed to controller 1527 by temperature of gas mixture signal 1521, control valve signal 1537 can be utilized to carry out operating valve 1584 to make controller 1527, thus prevent hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 overheated, still keep the operating temperature being suitable for hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 is operated simultaneously.In this way, equilibrium valve 1560 can be removed.
Figure 15 B is the schematic diagram of the modified example of the super turbocharged engine system 1500 of efficient spark ignition of Figure 15 A.As shown in fig. 15b, single pipeline 1582 is used to supply pressurized air 1522, for oxygen being supplied to hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 and providing the dual purpose of cooled gas.Compared with Figure 15 A, mixing chamber 1578, equilibrium valve 1560, pipeline 1564, valve 1566 and mixing chamber 1568 are removed.Pipeline 1582 and valve 1584 can supply hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 by the oxygen needed for all hydrocarbons existing in gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1541 and carbon monoxide complete oxidation.In addition, be oxidized rear gaseous mixture 1545 to cool in gaseous mixture 1541 after can adding additional compressed air 1522 to NOx conversion, thus the temperature of gaseous mixture 1545 after oxidation is remained on and can cause below the maximum temperature of damage to turbo machine 1504.Temperature transducer 1533 produces temperature of gas mixture signal 1521, and this signal 1521 is sent to controller 1527.Controller only can be monitored the temperature of the rear gaseous mixture 1545 of oxidation and be utilized control valve signal 1537 to carry out control valve 1584 to guarantee that enough pressurized gass 1522 are supplied to NOx conversion device output pipeline 1598, thus the temperature of gaseous mixture 1545 after oxidation is remained on and can cause below the temperature of damage to turbo machine 1504.But, must by gaseous mixture 1541 after enough oxygen supplies to NOx conversion to guarantee oxidized all hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572.Such as, during cold start, after NOx conversion, gaseous mixture 1541 is relatively cold and do not need additional compression gas 1522 to cool.But, need additional compression gas 1522 to start and assist the catalyzer in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 to perform the oxidizing process of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.In this respect, O
2sensor 1586 is monitored the oxygen level after NOx conversion in gaseous mixture 1541 and is produced the O of the oxygen level representing existing in gaseous mixture 1541 after NOx conversion
2sensor signal 1525, O
2sensor signal 1525 is sent to controller 1527.Need extra oxygen to be fully oxidized to existing all hydrocarbons in gaseous mixture 1541 after guaranteeing NOx conversion and carbon monoxide if entered in the gaseous mixture 1543 in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572, then controller 1527 can open valve 1584 to output pipeline 1598 after guaranteeing enough pressurized air 1522 and being supplied to NOx conversion with complete oxidation hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.
In addition, if controller 1527 variable speed drive 1520 that utilizes compressor power control signal 1519 to control to make compressor 1526 operate is with in response to O
2sensor signal 1525 and temperature of gas mixture signal 1521 supply the pressurized gas 1522 of aequum, then valve 1584 is unnecessary.Alternatively, compressor 1526 can with constant speed operation to make it possible to the enough pressurized gass 1522 of supply so that oxidation and gaseous mixture 1541 after cooling NOx conversion, and without the need to any control or by means of only control valve 1584.If system operates when not having valve 1584, then the pressurized gas 1522 of set amount only supplied by compressor 1526, this enough pressurized gas 1522 guaranteed complete oxidation and cool gaseous mixture 1543 under all operations state.Unique shortcoming of this system is, the temperature of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572 may be lowered and be not so good as to operate like that efficiently when operating at relatively high temperatures in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1572.In addition, under many states, the temperature reducing the rear gaseous mixture 1547 of cooling will cause the turbo machine 1504 operated during the maximum temperature of damage to operate efficiently like that to make turbo machine 1504 not as gaseous mixture 1547 is close after the cooling period by added air mass stream to turbo machine 1504.The motor of being powered by the electrical system of super turbocharged engine system 1500 can also be utilized to carry out operate compressor 1526.Controller 1527 can also be utilized to control motor 1520 to supply the pressurized gas 1522 of appropriate amount, thus do not need valve 1584.
The unique distinction of the super turbocharged engine system 1500 shown in Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B and other embodiment disclosed herein is, they use such as pressurized gas such as pressurized gas 1522 grade as freezing mixture.Because the characteristic of pressurized gas is not especially special as freezing mixture, so pressurized gas is not regarded as effective freezing mixture usually.Such as the liquid such as water or liquid fuel is regarded as effective freezing mixture usually.But the use of pressurized gas provides oxygen and the cooling medium for heat of cooling Exhaust Gas.Although need a large amount of pressurized gass to cool, associated mass stream operates with higher motivation level for making turbo machine 1504.In addition, by the propelling system of the bent axle or vehicle that additional power are transferred back to motor, turbo machine 1504 is avoided to exceed the speed limit.
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the super turbocharged engine system 1600 of efficient spark ignition.As shown in figure 16, super turbocharged engine system 1600 comprises motor, and motor has super-turbocharger.Super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1604 and compressor 1606.Compressor 1606 compresses the air supplied by suction tude 1610 to generate pressurized air 1674 in pipeline 1616.Interstage cooler 1618 cooled compressed air to generate cooled compressed air 1622 in compressed air line 1620, and cooled compressed air 1622 is supplied to the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 1602.Feedback valve 1664 to be installed in pipeline 1616 and pressurized air 1674 is fed to mixing chamber 1640.Opening 1638 allows pressurized air 1674 to flow into NOx conversion device output pipeline 1682 to mix with gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1632.Exhaust Gas from gas exhaust manifold 1644 flows in NOx conversion device in NOx conversion device inlet pipe 1646.NOx conversion device 1648 pairs of Exhaust Gas transform with reducing NOx gas and gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1632 are fed to NOx conversion device output pipeline 1682.Gaseous mixture 1630 flows into NOx conversion device 1648, and NOx gas transforms by NOx conversion device 1648.Then, after NOx conversion, gaseous mixture 1632 flows in NOx conversion device output pipeline 1682.After oxygen sensor 1666 monitors NOx conversion gaseous mixture 1632 oxygen level and produce and be sent to the O of controller 1680
2sensor signal 1668.Controller 1680 produces controller mixing valve signal 1660 with operational feedback valve 1664, pressurized air 1674 is fed to NOx conversion device output pipeline 1682 to mix with gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1632.The pressurized air 1674 being fed to NOx conversion device output pipeline 1682 via feedback valve 1664 provides oxygen and cooled gas, and mix to be formed with gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1632 cool after gaseous mixture 1636.After cooling, gaseous mixture 1636 flows into hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686, and hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686 is oxidized existing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the rear gaseous mixture 1636 of cooling.After the hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686 is left in temperature transducer 1684 monitoring gaseous mixture 1634 temperature and produce and be supplied to the gaseous mixture temperature signal 1662 of controller 1680.Responsively, controller 1680 produces controller mixing valve signal 1660, and controller mixing valve signal 1660 controls feedback valve 1664 so that additional compressed air 1674 is fed to the rear gaseous mixture 1636 of cooling close to causing during the temperature of damage turbo machine 1604 by the temperature of the gaseous mixture at the carry-out part place of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686.After hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion, gaseous mixture 1634 is supplied to turbo machine 1604, to drive turbo machine 1604.Then, gaseous mixture 1634 after hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion is discharged from turbo machine 1604 via outlet pipe 1612.O
2oxygen level after sensor 1666 also monitors NOx conversion in gaseous mixture 1632 and produce and be fed to the O of controller 1680
2sensor signal 1668.Controller 1680 also uses O
2sensor signal 1668 utilizes controller mixing valve signal 1660 to control feedback valve 1664, thus there is sufficient oxygen in guaranteeing gaseous mixture 1636 after the cooling period by the hydrocarbon that exists in gaseous mixture after NOx conversion 1632 and carbon monoxide complete oxidation.Therefore, controller 1680 is guaranteed to cool by the sufficient oxygen of the hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686 and carbon monoxide complete oxidation and by gaseous mixture 1636 after cooling the sufficient cooled gas making turbo machine 1604 not to be caused to damage to provide for controlling feedback valve 1664.In this way, after hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion, gaseous mixture 1634 keeps the temperature not damaging turbo machine 1604, and in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686, is oxidized all hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide simultaneously.
Figure 16 also show the optional pipeline 1642 with mixing valve 1624.Controller 1680 operates mixing valve 1624 by using controller feedback valve signal 1670.As shown in figure 16, alternatively for mixing chamber 1628 provides pressurized air 1626 oxygen and cooling-air to be added in gaseous mixture 1630, and can not provide or provide in addition the pressurized air 174 be added in mixing chamber 1640.In this way, the pressurized air 1626 that can add additional amount cools for the hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686 and carbon monoxide and is oxidized.In this respect, pipeline 1642 only demonstrates the selectable location for adding pressurized gas.Alternatively, NOx conversion device 1648 can comprise three-way conversion device.In this case, pressurized air 1626 supplies a certain amount of oxygen, this permission is oxidized some hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in three-way conversion device 1648, thus need not all hydrocarbons in oxidation of hydrocarbons/carbon monoxide converter 1686 and carbon monoxide.Such as, if gaseous mixture 1630 is for being rich in fuel mixture, such as fuel mixture be more than 30% be rich in, then must be oxidized a large amount of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.In this case, hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686 is by overheated, and enough pressurized air 1674 can not provide enough coolings the temperature of gaseous mixture 1634 after hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to be down to prevents from damaging the temperature of turbo machine 1604.In this case, a part for hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide is oxidized to make in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1686, whole oxidations to occur in three-way conversion device 1648.
Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of the super turbocharged engine system 1700 of efficient spark ignition.Super turbocharged engine system 1700 comprises motor 1702, and motor 1702 has super-turbocharger.Super-turbocharger comprises turbo machine 1704 and compressor 1706.Super turbocharged engine system 1700 is similar to the super turbocharged engine system 1600 of Figure 16, but eliminates pipeline 1642, mixing valve 1624 and mixing chamber 1628.As shown in figure 17, the air that compressor 1706 is supplied from suction tude 1712 produces pressurized air 1766 source.Pressurized air 1766 is supplied to pipeline 1778.Pressurized air 1766 flows through interstage cooler 1730, and interstage cooler 1730 cooled compressed air 1766 to produce cooled compressed air 1764 in the compressed air line 1732 connected with the intake manifold (not shown) of motor 1702.The Exhaust Gas 1714 of discharging via gas exhaust manifold 1744 flows in NOx conversion device inlet pipe 1746.Then, Exhaust Gas 1714 flows into NOx conversion device 1748 from NOx conversion device inlet pipe 1746, and NOx conversion device 1748 pairs of NOx gases transform with Exhaust Gas 1716 after generate NOx conversion in NOx conversion device output pipeline 1742.Can allow motor 1702 under throttle valve open mode and other rich serviceability, carry out richness operation, this allows NOx conversion device 1748 operation efficiently and allows motor 1702 in the firing chamber of motor 1702, produce the NOx gas of small amount.Oxygen sensor 1750 monitors the oxygen level after NOx conversion in Exhaust Gas 1716 and the O of amount of oxygen existing in Exhaust Gas 1716 after producing instruction NOx conversion
2sensor signal 1752, O
2sensor signal 1752 is fed to controller 1770.Must by Exhaust Gas 1716 after enough oxygen supplies to NOx conversion to guarantee to be oxidized all hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1738.Controller 1770 produces controller feedback valve signal 1760, controls pressurized air 1766 amount being administered to mixing chamber 1736.Pressurized air 1766 flows through opening 1734 and mixes to be formed with Exhaust Gas after NOx conversion 1716 and cools rear gaseous mixture 1720.Temperature transducer 1740 is monitored the temperature of gaseous mixture 1722 after the hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion at the carry-out part place of hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1738 and is produced the temperature of gas mixture signal 1756 being administered to controller 1770.Controller 1770 reads gaseous mixture temperature signal 1756 and utilizes controller feedback valve signal 1760 to control feedback valve 1758 to open and close feedback valve 1758, thus the temperature of gaseous mixture 1722 after hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion is remained on temperature turbo machine 1704 not being caused to damage.As noted, just 900 of below the temperature of damage DEG C may be caused to allow turbo machine 1704 to extract energy in large quantities from gaseous mixture 1722 after hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to the temperature in the scope of 950 DEG C to turbo machine 1704.After hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion, gaseous mixture 1722 is supplied to turbo machine 1704 to drive turbo machine 1704.Then, gaseous mixture 1722 after discharging hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion via outlet pipe 1710 from turbo machine 1704.
Figure 18 is the sectional view of the embodiment of two-way catalytic converter 1800.As shown in figure 18, two-way catalytic converter 1800 has entrance 1802, and in the initial stage of two-way catalytic converter 1800 comprising NOx conversion device part 1804, gaseous mixture (such as comprising the Exhaust Gas of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon) is placed in entrance 1802.Originally NOx conversion device 1804 reduces the NOx gas be administered in the gaseous mixture of catalytic converter 1800.Utilize one in the compressor shown in each embodiment disclosed above fresh air is fed to valve 1814, valve 1814 controls the air quantity being fed to pipeline 1812.Pipeline 1812 is connected to mixing chamber 1806, and gas after the NOx conversion from NOx conversion device part 1804 mixes with fresh air by mixing chamber 1806.Fresh air contain enough oxygen with make hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide oxidized in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter part 1808.After making conversion subsequently, gas flows out from outlet 1810.
The advantage of the catalytic converter 1800 shown in Figure 18 is, provides the stoichiometric mixture of gas need not to entrance 1802.In fact, fuel-rich material gaseous mixture contributes to allowing NOx conversion device part 1804 more efficiently to operate.Oxygen is added in mixing chamber 1806 and allow hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1808 and carbon monoxide almost complete oxidation.In this way, the pollutant exported after the conversion at 1810 places in gas is few.Because the heat produced when the oxidation of rich fuel mixture is normally expendable, so the mode that two-way catalytic converter 1800 is not placed in entrance 1802 with rich fuel mixture usually operates.But, the use of two-way catalytic converter 1800 allows again to be trapped in the heat produced in hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter 1808, this is because hot exhaust gas is cooled near optimal temperature and mass flow in the turbo machine of capture thermal energy is again increased.In other words, two-way catalytic converter 1800, the converter of two shown in Figure 17 1748,1738 and the converter of two shown in Figure 16 1648,1686 allow decreasing pollution thing effectively, and do not reduce the efficiency of engine system, this is because again capture from the temperature of rising of Exhaust Gas and the mass flow of increase entering turbo machine the heat produced.In addition, use fuel-rich material mixture to allow the inner member of motor to be cooled by fuel to the ability operating motor, which increase the life-span of motor.And initial application allows NOx conversion device more preferably to operate to the fuel-rich material mixture of NOx conversion device.The ability of extra oxygen instead of stoichiometric mixture being added to hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter allows fully oxidized hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, has the pollutant more less than the three-way catalytic converter of standard to make Exhaust Gas.Certainly, two-way catalytic converter 1800 can be used in the embodiment of Figure 15 A, Figure 15 B, Figure 16 and Figure 17.
There is disclosed herein at least following concept:
Concept 1. 1 kinds of raisings have the method for the performance of the engine system of super-turbocharger, and described engine system has carries out by fuel-rich material mixture the motor that operates, and described method comprises:
A certain amount of pressurized air is produced from compressor in response to control signal;
The pressurized air of described amount is mixed with the Exhaust Gas from described motor generate described Exhaust Gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture;
Described gaseous mixture is fed to catalytic converter;
Detect the oxygen level entering the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter;
Detect the described temperature levels leaving the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter;
Described compressed-air actuated amount is regulated in response to described oxygen level, thus the described pressurized air of sufficient quantity is provided, the hydrocarbon in described gaseous mixture existing in described catalytic converter and carbon monoxide to be substantially oxidized, and keep the predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels of described gaseous mixture simultaneously;
Described gaseous mixture is fed to the turbo machine of described super-turbocharger to drive described super-turbocharger.
The method of concept 2. as described in concept 1, wherein, described predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels is do not damage the temperature levels of described turbo machine.
The method of concept 3. as described in concept 1, wherein, described predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels is approximate 950 DEG C.
The method of concept 4. as described in concept 1, wherein, the compressor that described compressor uses for described super-turbocharger.
The method of concept 5. as described in concept 1, wherein, described compressor is additional driven type compressor.
The method of concept 6. as described in concept 1, wherein, described compressor is the additional mechanically driven compressor mechanically connected with described super-turbocharger.
Concept 7. 1 kinds of engine systems of being undertaken operating by fuel-rich material mixture, comprising:
Super-turbocharger, it has turbo machine and compressor;
Additional compressor, it supplies a certain amount of pressurized air in response to control signal;
Mixing chamber, the Exhaust Gas from described engine system mixes with the pressurized air of described amount to generate described Exhaust Gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture by it;
Catalytic converter, it connects with the described mixing chamber receiving described gaseous mixture;
Oxygen sensor, it senses the oxygen level and the sensor signal that produces oxygen that enter the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter;
Temperature transducer, its sensing leaves the described temperature levels of the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter and produces temperature sensor signal;
Controller, it produces described control signal in response to described oxygen sensor signal and described temperature sensor signal, to make to be enough to make described catalytic converter to be substantially oxidized hydrocarbon in described gaseous mixture and carbon monoxide by the pressurized air that described additional compressor is fed to the described amount of described catalytic converter, and keep the predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels leaving the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter simultaneously;
Described gaseous mixture is fed to described turbo machine to drive described super-turbocharger.
The engine system of concept 8. as described in concept 7, wherein, described predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels is the temperature levels lower than the temperature damaging described turbo machine.
The engine system of concept 9. as described in concept 7, wherein, described predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels is approximate 950 DEG C.
The engine system of concept 10. as described in concept 7, wherein, described predetermined roughly optimal temperature levels is within lower than the temperature levels that can damage described turbo machine approximate 100 DEG C.
The engine system of concept 11. as described in concept 7, wherein, described additional compressor is driven type compressor.
The engine system of concept 12. as described in concept 7, wherein, described additional compressor is mechanically driven compressor, and have with described turbine mechanical connect and the variable speed drive controlled by described controller.
The engine system of concept 13. as described in concept 8, wherein, described additional compressor is driven type compressor.
The engine system of concept 14. as described in concept 8, wherein, described additional compressor is mechanically driven compressor, and have with described turbine mechanical connect and the variable speed drive controlled by described controller.
Concept 15. 1 kinds of raisings have the method for the performance of the engine system of super-turbocharger, comprising:
Catalytic converter is provided, described catalytic converter receives the Exhaust Gas from described engine system and produces exothermic reaction, and described exothermic reaction increases heat with hot exhaust gas after the carry-out part place of described catalytic converter generates conversion to described Exhaust Gas;
Pressurized air is provided from compressor;
A described compressed-air actuated part is mixed to generate gaseous mixture with from hot exhaust gas after the described conversion of described catalytic converter, and the temperature of described gaseous mixture is no more than predetermined maximum temperature thus prevents from causing damage to the described turbo machine of described super-turbocharger;
Described turbo machine is driven by described gaseous mixture;
The turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of surplus is delivered to from described turbo machine and advances system, if not like this, will described turbo machine be made the speed of damage being caused to rotate to described compressor.
The method of concept 16. as described in concept 15, also comprises:
Be that rotating mechanical energy is delivered to described compressor to reduce turbo lag from described propelling system by propelling.
The method of concept 17. as described in concept 15, wherein, provides described compressed-air actuated step also to comprise:
Pressurized air is provided from the compressor of described super-turbocharger.
The method of concept 18. as described in concept 15, wherein, provides described compressed-air actuated step also to comprise:
There is provided pressurized air from additional compressor, described additional compressor is not for described engine system provides the compressor of compressed-air actuated described super-turbocharger.
Concept 19. 1 kinds improves the method for the performance of super turbocharged engine system, comprising:
Motor is provided;
Catalytic converter is provided, described catalytic converter is connected to the Exhaust Gas be positioned near described motor and exports and receive the engine exhaust gas from described motor, described engine exhaust gas activates the exothermic reaction in described catalytic converter, and described exothermic reaction increases additional-energy to described engine exhaust gas and produces the catalytic converter Exhaust Gas hotter than described engine exhaust gas at the carry-out part place of described catalytic converter;
Pressurized air stream is provided to the suction tude of described motor;
Additional compressed air stream is provided;
Described additional compressed air is mixed with the described catalytic converter Exhaust Gas of described downstream catalytic converter, to generate the gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter Exhaust Gas and described additional compressed air;
Produce control signal to regulate the described additional compressed air stream entering described mixing chamber so that described gaseous mixture is remained on below maximum temperature;
Described gaseous mixture is fed to turbo machine, and described turbo machine generates turbo machine rotating mechanical energy in response to the flow of described gaseous mixture;
Described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine is delivered to described compressor, described compressor utilizes described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy to carry out source of compressed air, thus generates described pressurized air when the flow of the described gaseous mixture via described turbo machine is enough to drive described compressor;
Described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy is extracted at least partially from described turbo machine, and when not needing the described part from the described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of described turbo machine to make described compressor operation, the described part of described turbo machine rotating mechanical energy being administered to and advancing system;
When the underfed of the described gaseous mixture via described turbo machine is to drive described compressor, will be that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor from the described propelling advancing system, thus prevent turbo lag.
The method of concept 20. as described in concept 19, wherein, the described maximum temperature of described gaseous mixture can cause below the temperature of damage to described turbo machine at described gaseous mixture.
The method of concept 21. as described in concept 20, wherein, the described maximum temperature of described gaseous mixture is lower than approximate 950 DEG C.
The method of concept 22. as described in concept 20, wherein, does not utilize the wastegate of being discharged by the excess gas of described gaseous mixture to improve the described efficiency of described motor.
The method of concept 23. as described in concept 22, wherein, extract superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine and advance the propelling of system to be that the step that rotating mechanical energy is provided to described compressor comprises by from described:
Using the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of described surplus and described propelling between described propelling system and the axle described turbo machine and described compressor coupled together is the transmission device that rotating mechanical energy links up.
The method of concept 24. as described in concept 23, wherein, comprises the step that described additional compressed air mixes with described catalytic converter Exhaust Gas:
The mixing chamber with at least one opening being arranged in the exhaust duct be connected with compressed air line is provided, flow through at least one opening described to make described additional compressed air and with in described exhaust duct described in comparatively hot exhaust gas mix.
The method of concept 25. as described in concept 19, wherein, provides the step of additional compressed air stream to comprise:
There is provided the additional compressed air stream from compressor, described pressurized air stream is provided to the described suction tude of described motor by described compressor.
The method of concept 26. as described in concept 19, wherein, provides the step of additional compressed air stream to comprise:
There is provided the additional compressed air stream from compressor, described pressurized air stream is not provided to the described suction tude of described motor by described compressor.
Concept 27. 1 kinds of super-turbocharger motors, comprising:
Motor;
Catalytic converter, its be connected to be positioned at described motor Exhaust Gas outlet near exhaust duct, to make the hot exhaust gas from described motor activate exothermic reaction in described catalytic converter, described catalytic converter energy is increased to described hot exhaust gas and generate transform after Exhaust Gas;
Compressor, it is connected to provides compressed-air actuated air-source, and described pressurized air is applied to the suction tude of described motor;
Additional compressor, it provides a certain amount of additional compressed air that the stress level of Exhaust Gas described in pressure ratio is large;
Pipeline, after described additional compressed air is provided to described conversion by it, Exhaust Gas mixes to generate gaseous mixture to make described additional compressed air with Exhaust Gas after described conversion;
Turbo machine, it mechanically connects with described compressor and generates turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described gaseous mixture;
Controller, it generates control signal, and described control signal regulates the amount of described additional compressed air so that described gaseous mixture is remained on below maximum temperature;
Transmission device, the propelling of its in the future self-propelled system is that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor, thus when the underfed of the described Exhaust Gas via described turbo machine reduces turbo lag to drive described compressor to during expectation boosting level, and the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy extracting surplus from described turbo machine can cause below the predetermined maximum (top) speed of damage to described compressor to be remained on by the rotating speed of described compressor.
The engine system of concept 28. as described in concept 27, wherein, described additional compressor is electric compressor.
The engine system of concept 29. as described in concept 27, wherein, described additional compressor is the mechanical commprssor connected with variable speed drive, and described variable speed drive connects with described turbine mechanical ground and controlled by described controller.
Concept 30. 1 kinds of raisings have the method for the performance of the piston engine system of super-turbocharger:
Exhaust Gas from described piston engine system is administered to NOx conversion device, and described NOx conversion device transforms to generate gas after NOx conversion to described Exhaust Gas;
A certain amount of pressurized air is produced from compressor in response to control signal;
By gas and vapor permeation after the described pressurized air of described amount and described NOx conversion to generate gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture after described NOx conversion;
Described gaseous mixture is fed to hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter with gas after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion;
Detect the described temperature levels of gas after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion;
Regulate described compressed-air actuated amount so that the described temperature levels of gas after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion is adjusted to preferred temperature level.
The method of concept 31. as described in concept 30, wherein, described preferred temperature level is to damage the temperature levels of described turbo machine.
The method of concept 32. as described in concept 30, wherein, comprises the step of gas and vapor permeation after the pressurized air of described amount and described conversion:
Mixing has the described pressurized air be enough to the hydrocarbon in gas after described NOx conversion and the carbon monoxide amount of complete oxidation substantially.
Concept 33. 1 kinds of raisings have the method for the performance of the piston engine system of super-turbocharger:
Exhaust Gas from described piston engine system is administered to NOx conversion device, and described NOx conversion device transforms to generate gas after NOx conversion to described Exhaust Gas;
The pressurized air of first amount of generation;
By gas and vapor permeation after the described pressurized air of described first amount and described NOx conversion to generate gas and described compressed-air actuated first gaseous mixture after described NOx conversion;
Described first gaseous mixture is fed to hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter with gas after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion;
The pressurized air of second amount of generation;
By gas and vapor permeation after the pressurized air of described second amount and described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion with by gas cooling after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to preferred temperature, with gas after the hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion generating cooling;
After utilizing the hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion of described cooling, gas is to drive the turbo machine of described super-turbocharger.
The method of concept 34. as described in concept 33, wherein, described preferred temperature is the temperature can not damaging described turbo machine.
The method of concept 35. as described in concept 33, wherein, the pressurized air of described first amount has and allows described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter by the amount of the hydrocarbon in gas after described NOx conversion and carbon monoxide complete oxidation substantially.
Concept 36. 1 kinds of super turbocharged engine systems, comprising:
Piston engine, it produces Exhaust Gas;
NOx conversion device, it is coupled to receive described Exhaust Gas and gas after generating NOx conversion;
Compressor, it is connected to air-source, and described air-source provides pressurized air, and described pressurized air is administered to the suction tude of described motor;
Feedback valve, after it supplies a described compressed-air actuated part and described NOx conversion, gas and vapor permeation is to generate gaseous mixture;
Hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter, its be connected to receive described gaseous mixture and the hydrocarbon be oxidized in described gaseous mixture and carbon monoxide with gaseous mixture after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion;
Turbo machine, it is coupled to receive described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide gaseous mixture and to produce turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 37. as described in concept 36, also comprises:
Controller, it produces control signal, and described control signal regulates described compressed-air actuated described amount so that described gaseous mixture is remained on below maximum temperature.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 38. as described in concept 37, also comprises:
Transmission device, it extracts superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine and the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of described surplus is changed into propelling is rotating mechanical energy.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 39. as described in concept 36, wherein, described compressed-air actuated described part is enough to make described hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter by complete oxidation substantially.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 40. as described in concept 36, wherein, described compressed-air actuated described part is enough to gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to be cooled to preferred temperature.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 41. as described in concept 39, wherein, described compressed-air actuated described part is enough to gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to be cooled to preferred temperature.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 42. as described in concept 38, wherein, the propelling of described transmission device self-propelled system in future is that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor, thus when the underfed of the described Exhaust Gas via described turbo machine is to alleviate turbo lag by described driven compressor to when expecting boosting level.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 43. as described in concept 38, wherein, described transmission device extracts superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy to keep the rotating speed of described compressor thus by described driven compressor to expectation boosting level from described turbo machine.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 44. as described in concept 38, wherein, described transmission device extracts superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine and can cause below the predetermined maximum (top) speed of damage to described compressor to be remained on by the rotating speed of described compressor.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 45. as described in concept 38, wherein, the propelling of described transmission device self-propelled system in future is that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor, thus when the underfed of the described Exhaust Gas via described turbo machine, described driven compressor is extremely expected boosting level.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 46. as described in concept 45, wherein, when the described compressed-air actuated flow via described compressor will cause in described compressor spring up time, described feedback valve allows gas and vapor permeation after described compressed-air actuated described part and described NOx conversion, thus avoids springing up and reach and expect boosting level.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 47. as described in concept 36, also comprises:
Another feedback valve, the described compressed-air actuated another part of its supply mixes with described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide gaseous mixture, described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide gaseous mixture to be cooled to the temperature levels of below the highest temperature level understanding and cause damage to described turbo machine.
Concept 48. 1 kinds of super turbocharged engine systems, comprising:
Piston engine, it produces Exhaust Gas;
NOx conversion device, it is coupled to receive described Exhaust Gas and gas after generating NOx conversion;
Compressor, it produces source of compressed air;
Pipeline, after described pressurized air is fed to described NOx conversion by it, gas mixes to generate gaseous mixture with gas after making described NOx conversion with described pressurized air;
Hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter, it is coupled to receive described gaseous mixture and to be oxidized in described gaseous mixture existing hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide with gaseous mixture after Formed hydrogen compound/monoxide conversion;
Turbo machine, it is coupled to receive described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide gaseous mixture and to produce turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 49. as described in concept 48, also comprises:
Controller, it produces control signal, and described control signal regulates described compressed-air actuated described amount so that described gaseous mixture is remained on below maximum temperature.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 50. as described in concept 48, also comprises:
Transmission device, it extracts superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine and convert it into propelling is rotating mechanical energy.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 51. as described in concept 48, wherein, described pressurized air is enough to make described hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide substantially completely oxidized in described hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide converter.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 52. as described in concept 48, wherein, described pressurized air is enough to gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to be cooled to preferred temperature.
The super turbocharged engine system of concept 53. as described in concept 51, wherein, described pressurized air is enough to gaseous compound after described hydrocarbon/monoxide conversion to be cooled to preferred temperature.
For explain and illustrate object provide of the present invention before explanation.Be not intended to exhaustive or limit the invention to disclosed exact form, and other amendment and modification can be carried out according to above-mentioned instruction.Select and illustrate that these embodiments are to explain principle of the present invention and practical application thereof best, therefore making the others skilled in the art of the art can use the present invention best in the mode of the various embodiment and various modification that are applicable to certain desired purposes.Its intention is appended claims to be interpreted as, except comprising content that prior art limits, also to comprise other embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. an engine system, comprising:
Super-turbocharger, it has turbo machine and compressor;
Additional compressor, it supplies a certain amount of pressurized air in response to control signal;
Mixing chamber, the Exhaust Gas from described engine system mixes with the pressurized air of described amount to generate described Exhaust Gas and described compressed-air actuated gaseous mixture by it;
Catalytic converter, it connects with the described mixing chamber receiving described gaseous mixture;
Oxygen sensor, it senses the oxygen level and the sensor signal that produces oxygen that enter the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter;
Temperature transducer, its sensing leaves the temperature levels of the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter and produces temperature sensor signal;
Controller, it produces described control signal in response to described oxygen sensor signal and described temperature sensor signal, to make to be enough to make described catalytic converter to be substantially oxidized hydrocarbon in described gaseous mixture and carbon monoxide by the pressurized air that described additional compressor is fed to the described amount of described catalytic converter, and keep the predetermined temperature level leaving the described gaseous mixture of described catalytic converter simultaneously;
Described gaseous mixture is fed to described turbo machine to drive described super-turbocharger.
2. engine system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described predetermined temperature level is the temperature levels lower than the temperature damaging described turbo machine.
3. engine system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described additional compressor is driven type compressor.
4. engine system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described additional compressor is mechanically driven compressor, and have with described turbine mechanical connect and the variable speed drive controlled by described controller.
5. improve a method for the performance of carrying out the engine system operated by fuel-rich material mixture, comprising:
Super-turbocharger has turbo machine and compressor;
Catalytic converter is provided, described catalytic converter receives the Exhaust Gas from described engine system and produces exothermic reaction, and described exothermic reaction increases heat with hot exhaust gas after the carry-out part place of described catalytic converter generates conversion to described Exhaust Gas;
Pressurized air is provided from described compressor;
A described compressed-air actuated part is mixed to generate gaseous mixture with from hot exhaust gas after the described conversion of described catalytic converter, and the temperature of described gaseous mixture is no more than predetermined maximum temperature thus prevents from causing damage to the described turbo machine of described super-turbocharger;
Described turbo machine is driven by described gaseous mixture;
The turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of surplus is delivered to from described turbo machine and advances system, to avoid described turbo machine the speed of damage being caused to rotate to described compressor.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, also comprises:
Be that rotating mechanical energy is delivered to described compressor to reduce turbo lag from described propelling system by propelling.
7. the method as described in claim 5 or 6, wherein, improves the efficiency of described motor by the excess gas not using wastegate to discharge described gaseous mixture.
8. the method as described in claim 5 or 6, wherein, is delivered to described propelling system by the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of surplus from described turbo machine and comprises:
Use the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of described surplus between described propelling system with the axle that described turbo machine and described compressor are coupled together and to advance be the transmission device that rotating mechanical energy links up.
9. a super turbocharged engine system, comprising:
Piston engine, it produces Exhaust Gas;
NOx conversion device, it is coupled to receive described Exhaust Gas and gas after generating NOx conversion;
Compressor, it is connected to air-source, and described air-source provides pressurized air, and described pressurized air is administered to the suction tude of described motor;
Feedback valve, after it supplies a described compressed-air actuated part and described NOx conversion, gas and vapor permeation is to generate gaseous mixture;
Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide converter, its be connected to receive described gaseous mixture and the hydrocarbon be oxidized in described gaseous mixture and carbon monoxide with gaseous mixture after Formed hydrogen compound and monoxide conversion;
Turbo machine, it is coupled to receive gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon and monoxide conversion and to produce turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon and monoxide conversion.
10. super turbocharged engine system as claimed in claim 9, also comprises:
Controller, it produces control signal, and described control signal regulates a described compressed-air actuated described part so that gaseous mixture after entering the described hydrocarbon of described turbo machine and monoxide conversion is remained on below maximum temperature.
11. super turbocharged engine systems as claimed in claim 10, also comprise:
Transmission device, it extracts superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy from described turbo machine and the turbo machine rotating mechanical energy of described surplus is changed into propelling is rotating mechanical energy.
12. super turbocharged engine systems according to any one of claim 9,10 and 11, wherein, described compressed-air actuated described part is enough to make described hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in described hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide converter by complete oxidation substantially.
13. super turbocharged engine systems according to any one of claim 9,10 and 11, wherein, described compressed-air actuated described part is enough to gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon and monoxide conversion to be cooled to preferred temperature.
14. super turbocharged engine systems as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described compressed-air actuated described part is enough to gaseous mixture after described hydrocarbon and monoxide conversion to be cooled to preferred temperature.
15. super turbocharged engine systems as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the propelling of described transmission device self-propelled system in future is that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor, thus when the underfed of the described Exhaust Gas via described turbo machine is to alleviate turbo lag by described driven compressor to when expecting boosting level.
16. super turbocharged engine systems as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described transmission device extracts superfluous turbo machine rotating mechanical energy to keep the rotating speed of described compressor thus by described driven compressor to expectation boosting level from described turbo machine.
17. super turbocharged engine systems as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the propelling of described transmission device self-propelled system in future is that rotating mechanical energy is supplied to described compressor, thus when the underfed of the described Exhaust Gas via described turbo machine, described driven compressor is extremely expected boosting level.
18. super turbocharged engine systems as claimed in claim 17, wherein, when the described compressed-air actuated flow via described compressor will cause in described compressor spring up time, described feedback valve allows gas and vapor permeation after described compressed-air actuated described part and described NOx conversion, thus avoids springing up and reach and expect boosting level.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2011/022298 WO2012170001A1 (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Rich fuel mixture super-turbocharged engine system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103429868A CN103429868A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| CN103429868B true CN103429868B (en) | 2016-02-24 |
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| CN201180065799.7A Active CN103429868B (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | The super turbocharged engine system of fuel-rich material mixture |
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| CN (1) | CN103429868B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112011104763B4 (en) |
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| US9670832B2 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2017-06-06 | Vandyne Superturbo, Inc. | Thrust absorbing planetary traction drive superturbo |
| MX364676B (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2019-05-03 | Superturbo Tech Inc | Method and device for cleaning control particles in a wellbore. |
| US10107183B2 (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2018-10-23 | Superturbo Technologies, Inc. | Eccentric planetary traction drive super-turbocharger |
| US10533492B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2020-01-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compound engine assembly with mount cage |
| US9932892B2 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2018-04-03 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compound engine assembly with coaxial compressor and offset turbine section |
| US10408123B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2019-09-10 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Engine assembly with modular compressor and turbine |
| US10428734B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2019-10-01 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compound engine assembly with inlet lip anti-icing |
| US9869240B2 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2018-01-16 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compound engine assembly with cantilevered compressor and turbine |
| US10371060B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2019-08-06 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compound engine assembly with confined fire zone |
| US10533500B2 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2020-01-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compound engine assembly with mount cage |
| EP3095982B1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2018-12-05 | Volvo Car Corporation | Improved turbocharger system |
| JP6499951B2 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2019-04-10 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Engine system control device |
| US10202913B2 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2019-02-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for boosted engine system |
| DE102020210642A1 (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method for modeling a compressor inlet temperature and/or a compressor outlet temperature of a compressor, a control device and a motor vehicle |
| FR3122211A1 (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-28 | Psa Automobiles Sa | MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINE WITH A TWO-WAY AIR PASSAGE CONNECTOR |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| MX366764B (en) | 2019-07-23 |
| MX2013008258A (en) | 2014-09-12 |
| DE112011104763B4 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
| CN103429868A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| DE112011104763T5 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
| WO2012170001A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
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