CN103429339B - 具有封闭式吸附剂接触器的装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法 - Google Patents
具有封闭式吸附剂接触器的装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供的是封闭式平行通道吸附剂接触器装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法。封闭式平行通道吸附剂接触器可用于变吸附方法。多个封闭式吸附剂接触器在变吸附容器中被负载和密封在一起,以便基本上整个进料流都必须穿过接触器的通道而不通过接触器之间的杂散的气态流路径。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2011年3月1日提交的题目为“APPARATUS ANDSYSTEMS HAVING AN ENCASED ADSORBENT CONTACTOR ANDSWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES RELATED THERETO(具有封闭式吸附剂接触器的装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法)”的美国专利申请号61/448,117的权益,其全文在此通过引用并入。
本申请与下列申请相关:2011年3月1日提交的题目为“APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS HAVING A RECIPROCATING VALVEHEAD ASSEMBLY AND SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSESRELATED THERETO(具有往复式阀头组件的装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法)”的美国专利申请号61/448,120;2011年3月1日提交的题目为“METHODS OF REMOVING CONTAMINANTS FROM AHYDROCARBON STREAM BY SWING ADSORPTION ANDRELATED APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS(通过变吸附从烃流去除污染物的方法及相关的装置和***)”的美国专利申请号61/448,121;2011年3月1日提交的题目为“APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS HAVING AROTARY VALVE ASSEMBLY AND SWING ADSORPTIONPROCESSES RELATED THERETO(具有回转阀组件的装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法)”的美国专利申请号61/448,123;2011年3月1日提交的题目为“APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS HAVING COMPACTCONFIGURATION MULTIPLE SWING ADSORPTION BEDS ANDMETHODS RELATED THERETO(具有紧凑构造多变吸附床的装置和***及与其相关的方法)”的美国专利申请号61/448,125;和2012年2月3日提交的题目为“METHODS OF REMOVING CONTAMINANTSFROM A HYDROCARBON STREAM BY SWING ADSORPTION ANDRELATED APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS(通过变吸附从烃流去除污染物的方法及相关的装置和***)”的美国专利申请号61/594,824,其中的每一篇在此通过引用全文并入。
技术领域
提供的是封闭式平行通道吸附剂接触器装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法。更具体地,提供的是一个或多个封闭式吸附剂接触器,其在变吸附容器中被负载和密封在一起,以便基本上整个进料流应进入接触器的通道而不通过接触器之间的非预期的气态流路径。
背景技术
气体分离在许多工业中是重要的,并可通常通过使气体混合物在吸附剂接触器中的吸附剂材料上流动完成,相对于混合物的较不容易吸附的组分,所述吸附剂材料优选吸附更容易吸附的组分。更重要的气体分离技术类型之一是变吸附。
变吸附硬件的用户更喜欢使用大直径床,以使用于任何给定应用的总床数量最小化。然而,大直径床的制造和安装是困难的工程学问题,这经常导致更小直径的折中设计。因此,经常需要多个床以实现相同的加工目标。这通常导致更大的花费和更大的设备占用空间。
常规的变吸附容器包含圆柱形容器内的多个单个的单块吸附剂接触器。单块接触器具有沿接触器纵轴延伸的多个基本上平行的气体流动通道,吸附剂材料为开放通道的壁加衬。多种工程学问题限制了流动通过这种吸附容器的能力。例如,更大的接触器经常在邻近接触器之间的区域中提供无意和不期望的气态流路径。这产生重大的问题,因为难以最大化单块处理面积,同时提供以在单元操作周期期间保持单块在合适位置为目标的稳固的机械支撑和压紧结构。
本领域中存在缓和以上提及的问题的单块设计的需要,特别是与接触器之间不期望的气态蒸汽路径相关的那些。
本技术领域的其他相关申请包括美国专利申请号61/447,806、61/447,812、61/447,824、61/447,848、61/447,869、61/447,835和61/447,877,其中的每一篇在此通过引用全文并入。
发明内容
提供的是封闭式平行通道吸附剂接触器装置和***及与其相关的变吸附方法。变吸附接触器***包括:多个中空刚性衬管,每个都具有内表面和开放轴向末端,邻近的衬管被固定地相互连接;单块吸附剂接触器位于每个衬管内,每个单块吸附剂接触器具有与衬管内表面间隔开的外表面;结合剂置于单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的内表面之间的空间中,以形成防止该空间中的气态流动的密封。
同样地,根据本发明,提供了组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其包括以下步骤:使多个中空刚性衬管相互固定地连接,其中衬管中的每一个都具有内表面和开放轴向末端;将单块吸附剂接触器放置在每个衬管内,每个单块吸附剂接触器具有外表面,其中放置步骤包括使每个单块吸附剂接触器的外表面与每个衬管的内表面间隔开;在单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的内表面之间的空间中放置结合剂,以形成防止该空间中的气态流动的密封。
附图说明
其图1A为沿其图2A的线A-A取的横截面俯视图,并显示包含多个堆叠的六边形吸附剂接触器的现有技术的变吸附圆柱形容器。
其图1B为其图1A视图的部分的放大视图,显示了在吸附剂接触器之间的不期望的气态流动路径。
其图2A为现有技术的变吸附圆柱形容器的侧横截面视图,显示了吸附剂接触器的堆叠和用于压紧和支撑的机构。
其图2B为其视图2A的堆叠的吸附剂接触器束的部分的放大视图,显示了在吸附剂接触器之间的不期望的气态路径。
其图3为本发明的相应成形的吸附剂单块接触器的成形的金属接触器衬管的侧面正视图。
其图4为并排堆叠在一起的本发明的四个成形的金属接触器衬管的侧面正视图。
其图5A显示了本发明的三个单块吸附剂接触器,其被在相互之上堆叠并相互固定,以放置入并排固定在一起的多个衬管的衬管中。
其图5B显示了单块接触器衬管阵列的俯视正视图。
图6显示了单块接触器衬管阵列的俯视正视图,其中的四个包含单块吸附剂接触器。
其图7为固定在一起的本发明的多个单块衬管的顶部部分的部分侧横截面视图,并显示了在结合步骤期间使用的结合剂、焊接和石蜡垫的放置。
其图8为本发明的单块接触器组件的放大顶部部分,显示了单块和衬管之间的结合剂。
其图9为变吸附反应容器的侧横截面视图,所述容器包括加衬的单块接触器的组件,和它们如何被固定至容器内部。
其图10为沿圆柱形变吸附容器的垂直轴的横截面视图,所述容器包括本发明的封闭式单块吸附剂接触器的组件。
图11A至11F为沿变吸附容器的水平面的横截面视图,所述容器包括具有根据本发明不同实施方式的单块和单块衬管的多种非限制性几何形状实例的单块组件。图12为由变吸附***组成的示例性烃处理装置的正视图的图解,14个吸附剂床组件布置在围绕中心阀和流分配组件相等地间隔的两级(level)的7个床中。
图13为由变吸附***组成的示例性烃处理装置的平面图的图解,14个吸附剂床组件布置在围绕中心阀和流分配组件相等地间隔的两级的7个床中。
图14为由变吸附***组成的另一示例性烃处理装置的三维图,7个吸附剂床组件布置在两排中。
图15A、15B和15C分别为图14中示例性烃处理装置的单个吸附剂床组件的俯视图、侧视图和仰视图。
图16为连接至图14的示例性烃处理装置的滑座的单个吸附剂床支撑结构的三维图。
图17A、17B和17C分别为具有互连管道和图14中示例性烃处理装置的床支撑结构的一对单个吸附剂床组件的俯视图、侧视图和仰视图。
图18为图14的示例性烃处理装置的7个互连的吸附剂床的阀门和管道网络的三维图。
发明详述
除非另外说明,本文使用的所有技术和科技术语具有如本公开所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的意思。除非上下文清楚地另外指出,单数“一个(a、an)”和“所述”包括复数指代物。类似地,除非上下文清楚地另外指出,词汇“或”意欲包括“和”。术语“包括”意思是“包含”。本文提到的所有专利和出版物通过引用全文并入本文,除非另外指出。在术语或短语的含义冲突的情况下,采用本说明,包括术语的解释。方向术语,比如“上”、“下”、“顶”、“低”、“前”、“后”、“垂直”和“水平”本文用于表达和澄清各种要素之间的关系。应理解这类术语不代表绝对方位(例如,“垂直”部件通过旋转设备可变成水平)。本文引用的材料、方法和实例仅仅是说明性的而不意欲是限制性的。
本文定义的单块吸附剂接触器为包括有结构化的(设计的)吸附剂的吸附剂接触器的子集,其中基本上平行的流动通道被并入吸附剂结构。这些流动通道可通过多种手段形成,包括挤出的陶瓷单块、中空纤维束、螺旋缠绕的吸附剂层、具有和不具有间隔块的吸附剂片的堆叠层和其他方法。除了吸附剂材料,该结构还可包括项目诸如但不限于载体材料、吸热材料、空隙减少组分和其他材料。示例性接触器在美国专利申请公布号2008/0282892中描述,其在此通过引用并入。
本发明涉及增强的变吸附接触器***。该***包括单块吸附剂接触器衬管和多个衬管在圆柱形容器或不规则形状的围阻边界(containmentboundary)——优选变吸附容器中的安装。本发明相对于现有技术有数个益处。例如,变吸附容器可通过限制非加工材料的横截面积进行总体优化。本发明也提供了同时获得精确性和可重复的制造和安装结果的手段。进一步地,也简化了本发明的加衬的单块接触器的组件的内部机械支撑和压紧结构。基本上消除了常规组件的接触器之间的不期望的杂散的气态流路径。本发明相对于现有技术的另一个益处是提供在气态加工环境中锚固单块接触器的成本有效的稳固手段。本发明的再一个优点是提供较小的示范单元和全尺寸商业单元之间的直接扩大关系。具有金属衬管的单个的吸附剂单块可以在两个给定应用中尺寸相同。
也可构建本发明的加衬的单块吸附剂接触器,以适应很多几何形状,而不需要依赖专门的制造工具、装配技术或工业技能。本发明的接触器衬管可由能够承受操作条件和它们预期使用的环境——优选变吸附条件的任何合适的材料制成。这样的条件包括高达100℃的温度和高达1200磅每平方英寸绝对压力(psia)的压力(8274千帕斯卡绝对压力(kPaa))。不锈钢是用作本发明衬管的最优选材料。本发明衬管的壁厚可从大约3/32至3/16英寸(in)(0.02381至0.004762米(m)),优选从1/8至1/4in(0.003175至0.000625m),和更优选从1/16至1/8in(0.001587至0.003175m)。本发明的衬管可从平板制动弯曲(brake-bent)或可以开始于商业上可得形状的管子加上制造后步骤。
可参考其附图更好地理解本发明。图1A和1B图解了在压力容器11中堆叠多个催化剂衬底或单块吸附剂接触器的常规实践。图1A显示了俯视横截面视图,所述视图显示了用于容器11中该布置的接触器10。图1B为多个接触器的部分1B的放大视图,并显示了不期望的气态路径12可如何在接触器之间的空间中形成。术语“空间”表示区域或体积,其可由一个或多个物体限制。以该方式,一部分气流可绕过接触器或接触器内期望的处理面积。该不期望的路径降低了***的性能或效率和过程操作(例如,降低过程中各自流的纯度)。其图2A为沿包括堆叠的单块吸附剂接触器10的组件的典型压力容器11的垂直轴的横截面视图。也显示的是机械压紧和支撑结构14。图2B为接触器组件的部分2B的放大视图,其显示了在接触器之间的不期望的气态路径12,其为常规单块吸附剂接触器组件中的潜在缺陷。即使单个的单块吸附剂接触器用胶水或水泥结合在一起,也难以证实结合的有效性和确定是否所有不期望的气体流动路径都已经被消除。此外,机械压紧和支撑结构14直接传导力至单个的单块吸附剂接触器的表面,在很多例子中其都不具有承受在快速循环变吸附方法期间遇到的力的机械完整性。
其图3和4显示了中空刚性衬管,其可包括作为非限制性实例的金属衬管16,形状为六边形管。衬管16用薄金属皮包裹每个单个的单块吸附剂接触器的外部非处理表面,这提供了在金属衬管16的内表面和单块锚固***的单块吸附剂接触器之间的基本上均匀的环形空间。金属衬管的末端具有在轴向方向上伸出的集成的扶正器(stand-off)18,如在图4和7的放大视图中更好显示的。这些成形的末端或扶正器18提供了将单块的处理面与压力容器内水平表面间隔开的一致手段(consistent means)。金属衬管16和扶正器18的益处是力被分配至每个单个的单块吸附剂接触器的大的外部非处理表面,而不是包括如现有技术中气体流动通道的进口面和出口面。因此,吸附剂接触器组件更加能够承受在快速循环变吸附方法期间施加至吸附剂接触器组件的较大的力。进一步的益处是成形的末端也提供了交叉共享或分配所有单块之间的气态处理流的相同手段。
单个的金属衬管可被部署成组件固定装置夹具(未示出),其呈现预期压力边界(例如,其可类似于压力容器11)的内部几何形状。显示在这些图(见例如图4、5B和7)中的该设计提供了在所有邻近衬管之间的基本上相同的位置,所述衬管被固定地相互连接,用于稳固的密封。作为固定地连接的非限制性实例,密封焊接20位于所有的邻近扶正器18之间。焊接20具有除了提供基本上消除衬管之间的气态流路径的可靠密封焊接之外,还相互固定每个独立的金属衬管16的双重目的。焊接缝可通过本领域已知的技术结合。适于固定地连接的技术的非限制性实例包括经胶粘、铜焊和镀锡结合本发明的焊接。单独的多面通道材料也可用结合技术添加在连接每个邻近衬管的所得对接缝(未示出)上。其图4显示了本发明的四个金属衬管的组件和扶正器18之间的密封焊接20的位置。图7显示了邻近扶正器18之间的密封焊接20的放大视图。
其图5A显示了三个单块吸附剂接触器10的堆叠22,其通过优选但不限于带子24被保持在一起,优选带子由每个面对面的接合处的金属箔组成。该带子确保沿面对面接合处的通道在胶粘步骤期间不被堵塞或阻塞。镀箔的带子是优选的,因为它提供了额外的保护——因为它最可能不会吸附胶水或结合剂。任何数量的单块接触器可被堆叠在一起,这取决于用于预期的吸附剂床高度的衬管16的高度。单块组件开始于多个单块接触器,堆叠至期望的垂直深度并在每个面对面接合处具有箔带。其图5B是在任何堆叠的单块吸附剂接触器10被放置于衬管/单块接触器组件之前,衬管/单块接触器组件的俯视透视图。如图5B所示,多个中空刚性衬管16中的每个衬管都具有限定内部区域的内表面、沿纵轴的第一开放轴向末端、沿纵轴与第一开放轴向末端相对的第二开放轴向末端和在内部区域外的外表面。同样地,如图5A所示,单块吸附剂接触器10中的每一个都具有主体,所述主体限定沿纵轴通过主体的至少一个通路和该主体的外表面。
图6显示了衬管/单块接触器组件的俯视透视图,四个堆叠的单块接触器放置于其中。注意到制造衬管16和单块吸附剂接触器10,以便许多单块安装在每个衬管的内部,以便仅在衬管的每个末端处的扶正器18延伸通过单块接触器的面。如图6所示,多个衬管16中的四个具有置于各自衬管内的单块吸附剂接触器。结合剂(未示出)置于各个单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的各个内表面之间,以阻碍单块吸附剂接触器和中空刚性衬管之间的气态流动。
其图7为本发明的单块接触器组件的顶部部分的部分侧横截面视图。整个组件中的单块吸附剂接触器10被优选同心放置在成形的金属衬管16内。该几何形状为单块锚固***提供了相同的环形间隙。每个单块的暴露的处理面涂覆有低熔材料层27,优选石蜡材料,以在粘性结合剂28被倒入环形空间时保护单块接触器处理区,其最终被固化形成整个组件的半刚性但柔性的锚固***。
其图8显示了本发明的单块接触器组件的放大顶部部分,其显示在单块吸附剂接触器10和衬管16之间的结合剂28。密封焊接缝20和半刚性的锚固***的组合完全减轻或大大减少了不需要的和不期望的气态流路径。该实施方式的进一步的优点是测试每个衬管和单块组件的压力完整性的能力,以确保结合剂已经完全密封衬管和单块吸附剂接触器之间的环形间隙。尽管低熔材料层仍然存在以阻塞单块吸附剂接触器内的气体流动通道,但衬管和单块吸附剂接触器组件可被压力测试,以确保适当构建每个衬管组件。该能力未被提供在单块吸附剂接触器的常规组件中。
结合剂可为聚合物基组合物,例如,热塑性塑料和热固性材料、粘合剂组合物诸如接触粘合剂或热熔粘合剂、橡胶即天然或合成的、弹性体或其组合。同样地,结合剂可包括重石油蜡(例如Apiezon)、沥青、柏油等类似物。
一旦将组件从固定装置夹具上移除,它可被同心放置于压力容器中。压力容器内表面和组件最外面的材料之间的环形间隙可以例如以类似的方式用粘性结合剂填充。不必要的石蜡可被熔化并从压力容器排出,以暴露组件中单块吸附剂接触器10的轴向末端。所得的示例性单块接触器组件在其图9显示位于变吸附容器31内。图9也显示了安装在容器底部上的软石蜡环30,使单块组件下降到其上。提供该石蜡环30,以在单块组件的重量下变形,并提供了暂时的密封,其防止结合剂28行进超出它预期的环形空间。在结合剂已经被放置于环形空间中后,石蜡环30可被熔化并从容器中排出。如本文所用的术语“石蜡”表示任何合适的蜡状材料,天然的和合成的两者。天然蜡为源于动物、昆虫、矿物/石油和蔬菜源的蜡。适于在本发明过程中回收的蜡的非限制性实例包括:昆虫和动物蜡,优选蜂蜡、中国虫蜡、羊毛蜡和鲸蜡;蔬菜蜡,诸如小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、日本蜡、小冠巴西棕蜡、米糠蜡、jocoba、蓖麻蜡和杨梅蜡;矿物蜡,诸如褐煤蜡、泥煤蜡、地蜡和不定形蜡(ceresin wax);石油蜡,诸如石蜡(paraffin)和微晶蜡;和合成蜡诸如聚乙烯蜡,和其混合物。间距可通过使用物理突起(未示出)而不使用蜡提供,这也在本发明的范围内。也可使用合适的材料像tublimate的晶体形成空间,随后溶解掉以留下期望的空间。另外,可利用可容易被燃烧或氧化掉的其他材料,诸如纸或纤维素,或甚至低温熔化金属,诸如锡、Wood金属或Field金属。类似地,低温熔化金属可代替有机材料用作密封剂。
其图10为沿包括本发明的封闭式单块吸附剂接触器10的组件的圆柱形变吸附容器的垂直轴的横截面视图。该图显示了机械压紧和支撑结构,诸如扶正器18,其为单块衬管的整体部分(integral part)。如先前所讨论的,该整体的支撑结构提供了力的均匀分布,以便以最大结构完整性固定单块吸附剂接触器的组件至压力容器。另外,在扶正器18和容器31之间形成的流动通路产生了对单块吸附剂接触器的组件的均匀流动分布的手段。
图11A至11F显示了沿包括单块组件的变吸附容器的水平面的横截面视图,所述单块组件具有本发明的单块和单块衬管可采用的几何形状32A-32H的多种非限制性实例。单个的加衬的单块可形成任何几何形状,其理想地适合规定的压力容器边界。例如,图11A包括各种六边形中空-刚性衬管和接触器,而图11B包括各种正方形的中空-刚性衬管和接触器。图11D包括各种三角形中空-刚性衬管和接触器,而图11F包括各种矩形中空-刚性衬管和接触器。进一步地,可部署相同的形状或可混合几何形状的组合,以形成总的单块处理面积。作为示例性实施方式,图11A、11B、11D和11F具有衬管,其具有基本上相同的几何形状,而图11C和11E具有不同几何尺寸和/或形状的的衬管。具体地,图11C包括各种环形中空-刚性衬管和不同直径的接触器,而图11E包括各种正方形中空-刚性衬管和接触器以及各种六边形中空-刚性衬管和接触器,其具有不同的横截面积。如可理解的,对于不同的实施方式可使用不同的几何形状。例如,可利用构形以最大化流动通过容器的流的处理面积。
提供的吸附剂接触器可用于吸附动力学分离方法、装置和***,用于烃的开发和生产,比如气和油的处理。特别地,提供的方法、装置和***可用于快速的、大规模的、有效的从气体混合物分离各种目标气体。
上述提供的吸附剂接触器可用于变吸附方法。非限制性变吸附方法包括变压吸附(PSA)、真空变压吸附(VPSA)、变温吸附(TSA)、变分压吸附(PPSA)、快速循环变压吸附(RCPSA)、快速循环变热吸附(RCTSA)、快速循环变分压吸附(RCPPSA),以及这些方法的组合,比如变压/变温吸附。
PSA方法依赖于气体处于压力下时气体更容易被吸附在吸附剂材料的孔结构或空容积中的现象,即气体压力越高,吸附的容易吸附的气体的量越大。当降低压力时,吸附的组分被释放,或解吸附。
PSA方法可用于分离气体混合物的气体,因为不同的气体倾向于以不同程度填充吸附剂的微孔。如果气体混合物,比如天然气,在压力下通过包含相比于甲烷而更选择二氧化碳的聚合或微孔吸附剂的容器时,至少一部分二氧化碳可被吸附剂选择性吸附,并且离开容器的气体可富含甲烷。当吸附剂到达其吸附二氧化碳的容量极限时,可通过降低压力使其再生,从而释放吸附的二氧化碳。然后吸附剂典型地被吹扫和再增压,并且准备用于另一吸附循环。
TSA方法依赖于气体在较低温度下比在较高温度下更容易吸附至吸附剂材料的孔结构或空容积的现象,即当吸附的温度增加时,吸附的气体被释放或解吸附。通过周期性地改变吸附剂床的温度,当与对气体混合物的一个或多个组分具有选择性的吸附剂一起使用时,TSA方法可用于分离混合物中的气体。
变吸附方法通常发生在包括一个或多个吸附剂床的容器中。在多床***中,每个床可在吸附循环中经历不同的步骤,诸如吸附步骤、一个或多个减压/解吸附步骤、一个或多个泄料步骤和一个或多个再增压步骤。到达和来自每个床的流体流动通常由阀控制,诸如提升阀和/或回转阀组件。
提供的方法、装置和***可通过去除污染物和重烃,即至少具有两个碳原子的烃,用于制备天然气产物。提供的方法、装置和***可用于制备公用工程中使用的气态进料流,包括分离应用,比如露点控制、脱硫/去毒、腐蚀保护/控制、脱水、热值、调节和纯化。使用一种或多种分离应用的公用工程的实例包括燃料气体、密封气体、非饮用水、表层气体、仪器和控制气体、冷却剂、惰性气体的产生和烃回收。示例性“不超过”产物(或者“目标”)气体规格包括:(a)2vol.%CO2,4ppm H2S,(b)50ppm CO2,4ppm H2S,或(c)1.5vol.%CO2,2ppm H2S。
提供的方法、装置和***可用于从烃流去除酸性气体。酸性气体去除技术变得日益有益,因为剩余的气储量展示更高浓度的酸性气体,即酸性气体资源。烃进料流的酸性气体量变化很大,比如从百万分之几的酸性气体至90vol.%酸性气体。来自示例性气储量的酸性气体浓度的非限制性例子包括至少下述的浓度:(a)1vol.%H2S、5vol.%CO2,(b)1vol.%H2S、15vol.%CO2,(c)1vol.%H2S,60vol.%CO2,(d)15vol.%H2S、15vol.%CO2,和(e)15vol.%H2S、30vol.%CO2。对于这些流,烃可包括流的总体积的剩余部分。
示例性烃处理装置显示在图12和13中。图12是变吸附***1200的俯视图,而图13是变吸附***1300的局部侧视图,为了简化省略了某些吸附剂床组件。该装置是小型变吸附***1200,具有14个吸附剂床组件。14个吸附剂床组件堆叠成两层,顶吸附剂床组件1201-1207图解在图12中。回转阀组件1208同心坐落在具有回转阀的圆柱形壳体中,其与要求(enjoined)的吸附剂床组件等距布置。圆柱形壳体进一步用作支撑多个这种以多层水平布置的吸附剂床组件、导管和阀门的装置。经位于容器头上的中心回转阀和一个或多个往复式阀二者,气态流被传输通过给定的吸附剂床。气态流通过固定的导管在往复式阀或回转阀的任一个的端口之间具有双向移动。通过预定的吸附循环限制和指导随后气态流的传输持续时间。
图12和13中显示的装置的另一特征涉及调整往复式阀的启动机构以在回转阀本身的数个预定物理区域处打开或关闭的方法。在本实施方式中,为吸附循环提供在各个阀门的打开和关闭端口之间重复精确可操作的调整的可靠和可重复的手段。该实施方式使用指定为发送区域的移动磁铁,其与指定为接收区域的固定磁体对齐。磁体之间产生的通量信号启动给定往复式阀的指定机械化驱动器指定的持续时间。产生和读取磁通量信号变化的技术在科学上公知是霍尔效应。图12和13中显示的烃处理装置可在许多不同的构造中实施。
一种可能的可选实施方式在图14、15A、15B、15C、16、17A、17B和17C中显示。在该实施方式中,14个单个吸附剂床组件可布置在两个台架中,每个台架包含两排布置的7个单个吸附剂床组件。一个示例性台架显示在图14中。多个往复(或提升)阀布置在每个容器的顶部和底部并且经吸附剂床组件上方和下方的管道和集管(header)连接。
单个的吸附剂床组件在图15A-15C中显示。如在图15B的侧视图中所显示的,各进料管道可使气态进料流到达吸附剂床组件1502并且产物流可经底部管道移出。如图15A的俯视图所显示,通过容器顶部的管道和阀门,原料气进入并且废气离开。如图15C仰视图所显示,通过容器底部的阀门和管道***之一,产物气体离开吸附容器。其他均衡和吹扫阀门和管道也包括在图15A-15C中。
每个吸附剂床组件可首先配备必要的往复式阀并且接着放置在图16中显示的安装在台架(skid)1610上的床支撑结构1601-1607中。一旦7个吸附剂床组件设置在它们各自的支撑结构1601-1607中,床组件可经管道和集管互连。床支撑结构1601-1607可配置为允许移动,以允许与床组件相关联的管道***热膨胀或收缩。尽管单个床支撑结构1601-1607被固定至滑座1610,但是在其他图中记载的吸附剂床组件可放入床支撑结构1601-1607而不用刚性附连或牢固地固定。因此,整个吸附剂床组件可在床支撑结构内自由移动,以适应管道的热膨胀或收缩并且使对管道和阀门的应力最小化。
图17A-17C提供两个床组件的不同视图。例如,两个互连的床的俯视图显示在图17A中,两个互连的床组件的仰视图显示在图17C中,支撑结构中的互连床组件的侧视图显示在图17B中。
连接的完整台架的管道、阀门和集管显示在图18中而没有吸附剂床组件或支撑结构,以图解说明管道网络。在该实施方式中顶部管道和集管1801相对于底部管道和集管1802显示。管道可设计为自支撑,或可提供另外的结构以支撑台架内的管道网络。
下列概念A-O的一个或多个可用于上面提供的方法、装置和***,以制备期望的产物流同时保持高的烃回收率:
概念A:使用一种或多种动力学变吸附方法,比如变压吸附(PSA)、变热吸附(TSA)、煅烧和变分压或置换吹扫吸附(PPSA),包括这些方法的组合;每种变吸附方法可与下述一起使用:快速循环,比如使用一个或多个快速循环变压吸附(RC-PSA)装置,一种或多种快速循环变温吸附(RC-TSA)装置,或一种或多种快速循环变分压吸附(RC-PPSA)装置;示例性动力学变吸附方法描述在美国专利申请公开号2008/0282892、2008/0282887、2008/0282886、2008/0282885和2008/0282884中,其每一篇通过引用以它们的整体并入本文;
概念B:如于2011年3月1日提交的美国专利申请号61/447848中所描述的,使用高级循环和吹扫通过RC-TSA去除酸性气体,其通过引用整体并入本文;
概念C:使用介孔填充剂减少吸附剂中截留的甲烷的量并且提高总体烃回收率,如在美国专利申请公开号2008/0282892、2008/0282885、2008/028286中所描述的,其每一篇通过引用以它们的整体并入本文。在吸附通道壁内存在的不可清扫的空隙空间可通过介孔和大孔占据的总体积限定。介孔由IUPAC定义为尺寸在20至500埃范围的孔。本文定义大孔为尺寸为大于500埃并且小于1微米的孔。因为流动通道的尺寸大于1微米,它们不被认为是大孔体积的一部分。本文定义不可清扫的空隙空间为吸附剂中直径在20埃和10,000埃(1微米)之间的孔占据的敞开孔体积除以吸附剂材料占据的接触器的总体积,包括吸附剂结构中相关的介孔和大孔。通过填充颗粒之间的介孔和大孔可减少不可清扫的空隙空间,以减少敞开体积同时允许快速气体传输通过吸附层。期望可称为介孔填充的不可清扫空隙空间的这种填充降低在快速解吸附步骤中期望产物损失的数量至可接受的水平,以及允许解吸附之后高度的吸附剂床纯度。该介孔填充可以各种方式实现。例如,聚合物填充剂可用于H2S和CO2的快速扩散,比如硅橡胶或具有固有孔隙率的聚合物。可选地,具有中孔性和/或微孔性的热解碳可用于填充空隙空间。仍另一方法通过用越来越小尺寸的惰性固体填充空隙空间,或通过用期望气体快速扩散通过的可再补充的液体(比如水、溶剂或油)填充空隙空间。优选地,吸附壁中的空隙空间减少至小于约40体积%(vol.%)、优选至小于30vol.%,更优选至小于20vol.%.,甚至更优选至小于10vol.%,和最优选小于约5vol%的敞开孔体积。
概念D:选择适当的吸附剂材料以提供高选择性并且使甲烷和其他烃的吸附(和损失)最小化,比如在美国专利申请公开号2008/0282887和2009/0211441中描述的一种或多种沸石,其每一篇通过引用以它们的整体并入本文。
用以去除酸性气体的优选吸附剂选自介孔或微孔材料,其有或没有与酸性气体化学反应的官能性。没有官能性的材料的例子包括阳离子沸石和硅酸锡。与H2S和CO2化学反应的官能化的材料显示对H2S和CO2比对烃显著增加的选择性。此外,这些材料不催化在酸性沸石中发生的与烃的非期望反应。也优选官能化的介孔吸附剂,其中它们对烃的亲和力与未官能化的较小孔的材料比如沸石相比进一步降低。
可选地,通过使用小孔的官能化的吸附剂材料可动力学抑制重烃的吸附,其中与H2S和CO2相比重烃扩散缓慢。也应注意降低碳含量等于或大于约4(即C4+烃)的烃在H2S和CO2选择性吸附剂外表面的凝聚。
适合本文使用的官能团的非限制性例子包括伯、仲、叔和其他非给质子碱性基团,比如脒、胍和双胍。此外,这些材料可用两种或多种类型的官能团官能化。为了获得从天然气流基本上完全去除H2S和CO2,吸附剂材料优选地对H2S和CO2是选择性的但是对甲烷和重烃(C2+)具有低容量。在一种或多种实施方式中,优选地使用负载在二氧化硅型载体或其他载体上的胺,因为它们对于酸性气体种类具有强吸附等温线。它们也对这些种类也具有高容量,并且由于它们高的吸附热,它们具有相对强的温度响应(即当充分加热时,它们容易解吸附H2S和CO2,并且因此可被使用而没有过多的温度变化)。优选的是在25℃至70℃范围内吸附并且在90℃至140℃内解吸附的吸附剂。在对于CO2和H2S去除需要不同吸附剂的***中,可期望包括目标种类的合适吸附剂的层状床。
对于从天然气去除CO2,优选地用具有动力学选择性的特定类别的8-环沸石材料配制吸附剂。该类别8-环沸石材料的动力学选择性允许CO2快速输送至沸石晶体内同时阻碍甲烷的传输,从而可能从CO2和甲烷的混合物中选择性地分离CO2。对于从天然气中去除CO2,该特定类别的8-环沸石材料优选具有从约1至约25的Si/Al比。在其他优选的实施方式,沸石材料的Si/Al比从2至约1000,优选地从约10至约500,和更优选从约50至约300。应注意,如本文所使用,术语Si/Al定义为沸石结构的二氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比。适于本文使用的该优选类别的8-环沸石允许CO2以CO2与甲烷的单组分扩散系数比(即,DCO2/DCH4)大于10、优选大于约50和更优选大于约100和甚至更优选大于200的方式通过8-环窗口到达内部孔结构。
在许多情况中,氮也必须从天然气或与油的生产相关的气体中去除,以从含氮气体中获得高回收率的纯化甲烷产物。对从甲烷中分离氮存在极少数的具有显著平衡或动力学选择性的分子筛吸附剂。对从天然气分离N2也优选用具有动力学选择性的8-环沸石材料类别配制吸附剂。该类别8-环沸石材料的动力学选择性允许N2快速输送至沸石晶体内同时阻碍甲烷的传输,从而可能选择性地从N2和甲烷的混合物分离N2。为了从天然气中去除N2,该特定类别的8-环沸石材料的Si/Al比也从约2至约1000,优选地从约10至约500,和更优选地从约50至约300。适于本文使用的该优选类别的8-环沸石允许N2以N2比甲烷的单组分扩散系数比(即,DN2/DCH4)大于5、优选大于约20和更优选大于约50和甚至更优选大于100的方式通过8-环窗口到达内部孔结构。从天然气中去除N2的过程中变吸附方法的抗结垢是该类别8-环沸石材料提供的另一优势。
在优选的实施方式中,用非水性吸附剂选择性去除H2S,其包括负载在大孔、介孔或微孔固体上的碱性非给质子含氮化合物。非给质子含氮化合物选择性地与原料气混合物中至少一部分H2S反应。合适的多孔固体载体的例子包括活性炭或固体氧化物(包括混合的氧化物),比如氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化硅-氧化铝或酸性或非酸性沸石。碱性非给质子含氮化合物可简单地物理吸附在载体材料上(例如通过浸渍或通过与碱本身或其中取代基提供与载体材料的反应位点的前体或衍生物反应与其键合或者接枝在其上,以便将吸附剂种类锚定在载体上)。但是,有效固相吸附剂材料不需要键合。包含反应表面基团比如出现在沸石和M41S二氧化硅氧化物上的硅烷醇基团的载体材料能够与化合物比如三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基二甲胺中的硅氧烷基团反应。非给质子含氮化合物在缺水时不参与和CO2的化学吸附反应,尽管它们的确与H2S反应。该不同的化学反应性被用于H2S和CO2之间的分离。各种碱性含氮化合物可被用作基本吸附剂。如果期望,可使用这种化合物的组合。对H2S吸附的期望选择性的要求是含氮基团是非给质子的,即不能够作为质子供体。因此含氮基团不包含酸性、易解离的氢原子,比如在伯胺或仲胺中的氮。不要求整个化合物是无质子的,仅要求化合物中的含氮基团为非给质子的。非给质子氮种类不能提供H+(质子),H+(质子)是在缺水条件下作为CO2化学吸附反应的路线形成氨基甲酸酯类的必要条件;在一般的反应条件下它们是非给质子的。合适的含氮化合物包括叔胺,比如三乙胺、三乙醇胺(TEA)、甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(CH3N(C2H4OH)2)、NNN'N'–四(2-羟乙基)乙二胺以及具有环状、多环和无环结构的非给质子含氮碱,比如亚胺、杂环亚胺和胺,脒(甲脒)比如二甲基脒、胍、叠氮二环癸烯、咪唑啉和嘧啶。也可使用化合物比如N,N-二(低级烷基)甲脒——其中低级烷基优选C1-C6烷基,N-甲基四氢嘧啶(MTHP),1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(DBU),1,5,7-叠氮二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯(TBD),7-甲基-1,5,7-三叠氮二环[4.4.0]癸-5-烯(MTBD),1,5-二氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯(DBN),式(R1R2N)(R3R4N)C=N-R5的取代胍,其中R1、R2、R3和R4优选为低级烷基(C1-C6)和R5优选为H或低级烷基(C1-C6),比如1,1,3,3-四甲基胍和双胍。也可使用这些化合物上的其他取代基比如更高级烷基、环烷基、芳基、烯基和取代烷基以及其他结构。
能够从天然气流去除H2S和CO2的另一类材料是阳离子沸石。这些材料对H2S和CO2的选择性取决于骨架结构、阳离子的选择和Si/Al比。在优选的实施方式中,阳离子材料的Si/Al比范围为1至50和更优选地范围为1至10。阳离子沸石的例子包括沸石、4A、5A和八面沸石(Y和X)。优选地,在进气流脱水之后,使用这些材料选择性地去除H2S和CO2。
本文实施方式使用的优选的选择性吸附剂材料的其他非限制性例子包括微孔材料比如沸石、AlPO、SAPO、MOF(有机金属骨架)、ZIF(沸石咪唑酯骨架,比如ZIF-7、ZIF-8、ZIF-22等)和碳,以及介孔材料比如胺官能化的MCM材料。对于比如通常在天然气流中出现的硫化氢和二氧化碳的酸性气体,也优选比如阳离子沸石、胺官能化的介孔材料、硅酸锡、碳的吸附剂。
概念E:在多个步骤中使一个或多个RC-PSA装置减压至中等压力,从而酸性气体排气可在更高的平均压力下被捕获,从而减少酸性气体注入需要的压缩;中间减压步骤的压力水平可匹配酸性气体压缩机(一个或多个)的级间压力以使总压缩***优化;
概念F:使用排气或再循环流使处理和烃损失最小化,比如使用来自一个或多个RC-PSA装置的排气流作为燃料气体代替再注入或排气;
概念G:在单个床中使用多种吸附剂材料以在去除第二污染物比如CO2之前去除痕量的第一污染物比如H2S;这种分段式床使用RC-PSA装置以最小的吹扫流速提供严格的酸性气体去除至ppm水平;
概念H:在一个或多个RC-PSA装置之前使用进料压缩以实现期望的产物纯度;
概念I:同时去除非酸性气体污染物比如硫醇、COS和BTEX;选择实现其的方法和材料;
概念J:将结构化吸附剂用于气体-固体接触器,以与常规的填充床相比使压降最小化;
概念K:基于吸附剂材料动力学选择循环时间和循环步骤;
概念L:使用串联使用两个RC-PSA装置等的方法和装置,其中第一RC-PSA装置清扫进气流至期望的产物纯度和第二RC-PSA装置清扫来自第一装置的排气以捕获甲烷并且维持烃的高回收率;使用该串联设计可减少对介孔填充剂的需要;
概念M:使用平行通道接触器,其中气体/固体接触发生在相对小直径的吸附剂衬里的通道中。该接触器结构通过最小化气体膜阻力和高的气体固体交流提供快速吸附动力学的好处。优选的吸附器设计产生尖锐的吸附前沿。
优选地吸附动力学有非常快速的气体,即目标种类(例如目标气体)扩散与吸附壁接触的长度保持是短的,优选地小于1000微米,更优选地小于200微米,并且最优选地小于100微米。可通过在限制床压降至可接受值的同时,使用平行通道接触器实现有利的吸附动力学,其中进料和吹扫气体被限定在多个非常窄的(直径1000至30微米)敞开通道,敞开通道衬有有效厚度的吸附剂材料。
“有效厚度”,对于大部分应用我们的意思是约500微米至5微米的范围。在层状气流的最限制情况下,非常窄的通道限制了痕量种类的最大扩散距离不大于该通道直径的一半(1/2)。甚至当在吸附前沿的前缘吸附期望的种类时——此处它们在气体相中的浓度接近零,通过使用如此小直径平行通道的结构化吸附剂床构造,可保持尖锐的吸附前沿。这样构造可为多个独立的平行通道的形式,或为非常宽的、非常短的通道的形式,如通过使用螺旋卷绕设计可实现的;
概念N:一种快速加热和冷却吸附剂床结构的方法,从而吸附可在更低的温度下发生和解吸附可在更高的温度下发生。然后吸附步骤在高压下发生并且更高温度解吸附步骤可任选地发生在减压下以便增加吸附剂变化能力。取决于吸附剂性能,可期望使用适合于外部温度控制或内部温度控制方案的床结构。
“内部温度控制”我们指使用气态或液态、优选液态的加热和冷却流体介质,其可通过用于气态进料流的相同吸附剂衬里的通道循环。内部温度控制需要吸附剂材料不受温度控制流体的不利影响并且温度控制流体在加热步骤之后容易与之前吸附的种类(H2S和CO2)分离。进一步,对内部温度控制,在气态进料吸附步骤期间跨过结构化床的每个平行通道的压降优选地足够高,以清理每个通道(或者在螺旋卷绕设计的情况下的单个通道)的温度控制流体。另外,内部流体流温度设计优选地使用不强力吸附温度控制流体的吸附剂,从而即使在存在温度控制流体的情况下H2S和CO2也可被有效吸附。
这种吸附剂的非限制性例子包括胺官能化的微孔和介孔吸附剂。这种***的非限制例子可以是使用水稳定载体上的负载胺,其中使用热水和冷水(加压的液体或用作加热的流)加热或冷却。而吸附步骤期间液体水可留在吸附壁内,如果吸附壁的厚度保持小(小于1000微米,优选小于200微米,和最优选小于100微米),H2S和CO2可能在小于1分钟,更优选小于10秒的时间范围内扩散通过液体水而被负载胺吸附。解吸附步骤之后,H2S和CO2可容易采用本领域已知的蒸馏或其他方法分离。
“外部温度控制”,我们意思是其中加热和冷却流体不与携带气体的吸附通道接触的吸附剂床结构。这种结构可类似于在外径或在内径具有流体不可渗透阻挡层的管壳式换热器、板框式换热器或中空纤维,或任何其他合适的结构。为了获得快速加热和冷却,从温度控制流体热扩散至吸附层的距离应保持最小,理想地小于10,000微米,更优选小于1000微米,最优选小于200微米。
这种外部温度控制床设计的非限制例子可以是使用在外径上具有流体不可渗透阻挡层的中空纤维,其中中空纤维由聚合吸附剂和负载胺吸附剂的混合基体***组成。在冷却温度控制流体流过纤维外径的同时,原料气通过多孔纤维的内径以在更低温度下被吸附剂吸附。通过使热温度控制流体流过纤维外径,优选地以逆流方向,从而加热吸附剂,完成解吸附。通过热温度控制流体与冷流体交换使包含吸附剂的纤维返回期望的吸附温度完成循环。
在优选的实施方式中,***中热流的速度是这样,在加热和冷却期间确定温度控制流体中的急剧温度梯度,从而***的显热可在吸附剂床结构中回收。对于这种非限制中空纤维例子,有用的纤维外径尺寸小于20,000微米,优选小于2000微米,和最优选小于1000微米。有用的中空纤维内径(原料气通道)小于10,000微米,优选小于1000微米,和最优选小于500微米,如基于期望的吸附和解吸附循环时间、进料吸附种类浓度和那些种类的吸附层变化能力而言合适的。
在一种或多种实施方式中,保持吸附剂床中非吸附热质与吸附剂的比尽可能低是有利的。该比例可优选小于20,更优选小于10,和最优选的小于5。以此方式,在每个循环中变化的***的显热可保持最小。
概念O:基本上不含H2S或CO2的清扫气总进料的约0.01至5vol.%的相对低流量用作吹扫气体。这种气体(即,“清扫气”)的非限制性例子包括甲烷和氮,其在该方法的至少一部分解吸附步骤期间以与进料方向逆流的方向保持流动通过平行通道。优选地该清扫气的流速充足,以克服解吸附的H2S和CO2的自然扩散,保持吸附通道的产物端为基本上清洁的条件。即,吹扫流应具有足够的流速以从通道和/或孔清扫解吸附的CO2和H2S。正是解吸附期间的这种逆流吹扫流确保了在每个随后的吸附循环中没有目标种类如H2S或CO2穿出进入产物流。清洁吹扫的进一步的优势或目的是通过降低吸附剂床的流动通道中污染物的分压帮助污染物解吸附。分压的这种减小可用于从吸附剂床驱赶污染物。
用于本发明实践的优选循环和床设计是吸附通道的产物端(即原料气进入端的相对端)具有低的或理想地基本上零浓度的吸附H2S和CO2。以此方式,并且利用如上述的合适的结构化通道,严格地从原料气流去除H2S和CO2。如所述,通过在循环的解吸附步骤(一个或多个)期间或更优选地在所有加热和冷却步骤期间,保持基本上不含H2S和CO2的低流量清洁流体在相对于进料方向的逆流方向上,床的下游端可保持清洁。进一步优选地,在吸附步骤期间,循环的吸附部分可限于下述时间,使得负载H2S和CO2的吸附剂的前进吸附前沿不达到通道的末端,即在H2S和/或CO2穿出之前吸附停止,从而吸附通道的基本上清洁部分保持基本上不含目标种类。利用合理的尖锐吸附前沿,这允许使用大于50vol.%的吸附剂,更优选大于75vol.%,和最优选大于85vol.%。
本文提供的方法、装置和***可用于大型气体处理设施,比如处理大于500万标准立方英尺每天(MSCFD)的天然气、或大于15MSCFD的天然气、或大于25MSCFD的天然气、或大于50MSCFD的天然气、或大于100MSCFD的天然气、或大于500MSCFD的天然气、或大于10亿标准立方英尺每天(BSCFD)的天然气、或大于2BSCFD的天然气的设施。
与常规的技术相比,提供的方法、装置和***需要更低的资本投资、更低的操作成本和更少的物理空间,从而能够实现海上实施和在偏远区域如北极环境中实施。提供的方法、装置和***提供前述益处,同时提供与常规技术相比高的烃回收率。
额外的实施方式A-T提供如下:
实施方式A:变吸附接触器***,其包括:多个中空刚性衬管,每个都具有内表面和开放轴向末端,邻近的衬管被固定地相互连接;单块吸附剂接触器,其位于每个衬管内,每个单块吸附剂接触器具有与衬管的内表面间隔开的外表面;和结合剂,其置于单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的内表面之间的空间中,以形成防止该空间中的气态流动的密封。
实施方式B:实施方式A的变吸附接触器***,其中单块吸附剂接触器包括至少两个单块吸附剂接触器的堆叠。
实施方式C:实施方式B的变吸附接触器***,其中至少两个单块吸附剂接触器的堆叠通过带子在两个单块吸附剂接触器的邻近轴向末端附近被保持在一起。
实施方式D:实施方式A-C中任一的变吸附接触器***,其中每个衬管具有从衬管的每个轴向末端以轴向方向伸出的整体的扶正器。
实施方式E:实施方式A-D中任一的变吸附接触器***,其中每个衬管和单块吸附剂接触器具有匹配的多边形横截面形状。
实施方式F:实施方式A-E中任一的变吸附接触器***,其中结合剂为聚合物基组合物,例如,热塑性塑料和热固性材料、粘合剂组合物诸如接触粘合剂或热熔粘合剂、橡胶即天然或合成的、弹性体或其组合。
实施方式G:实施方式A-F中任一的变吸附接触器***,其中结合剂是可固化的,例如,丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂。
实施方式H:实施方式G的变吸附接触器***,其中可固化的结合剂当固化时是半刚性的。
实施方式I:组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其包括以下步骤:使多个中空刚性衬管相互固定地连接,其中衬管中的每一个具有内表面和开放轴向末端;在每个衬管内放置单块吸附剂接触器,每个单块吸附剂接触器具有外表面,其中放置步骤包括使每个单块吸附剂接触器的外表面与每个衬管的内表面间隔开;在单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的内表面之间的空间中放置结合剂,以形成防止该空间中的气态流动的密封。
实施方式J:实施方式I的组装变吸附容器的方法,其中结合剂为聚合物基组合物,例如,热塑性塑料和热固性材料、粘合剂组合物诸如接触粘合剂或热熔粘合剂、橡胶即天然或合成的、弹性体或其组合。
实施方式K:实施方式I或J的组装变吸附容器的方法,其中结合剂是可固化的,例如,丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂。
实施方式L:实施方式K的组装变吸附容器的方法,其中可固化的结合剂当固化时是半刚性的。
实施方式M:实施方式I-L中任一的组装变吸附容器的方法,其中变吸附容器具有容纳多个中空刚性衬管的外壳,其进一步包括以下步骤:在多个中空刚性衬管被放置在外壳内之前,在外壳内在它的基底处放置蜡保护环,以便蜡环变形和密封在单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和每个衬管的内表面之间的空间的底部。
实施方式N:实施方式I-M中任一的组装变吸附容器的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:在放置结合剂步骤前,在每个单块吸附剂接触器的顶部轴向末端上放置蜡保护层。
实施方式O:实施方式N的组装变吸附容器的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
在允许可固化的结合剂固化成半刚性的材料的步骤后,使在每个单块吸附剂接触器的顶部轴向末端上的蜡保护层和外壳内的蜡保护环两者都熔化。
实施方式P:处理烃的方法,其包括以下步骤:(a)提供包括实施方式A-H中任一的或如附图所示的变吸附接触器***的装置,(b)回收至少5×106、或至少15×106、或至少25×106、或至少50×106、或至少100×106、或至少500×106、或至少10亿、或至少20亿标准立方英尺每天(SCFD)的天然气。
实施方式Q:实施方式P的方法,其中一个或多个额外的步骤利用选自以下的动力学变吸附方法:变压吸附(PSA)、变热吸附(TSA)、煅烧、变分压或置换吹扫吸附(PPSA)和这些方法的组合。
实施方式R:实施方式Q的方法,其中一个或多个变吸附方法利用快速循环。
实施方式S:实施方式P-R中任一的方法,其中处理气态进料流以获得:(a)期望的露点,(b)期望的解毒水平,(c)期望的腐蚀保护组合物,(d)期望的脱水水平,(e)期望的气体热值,(f)期望的纯化水平,或(g)其组合。
实施方式T:烃处理装置,其包括:包括实施方式A-H中任一的或如附图所示的变吸附接触器***的装置,其中烃处理装置能力为至少5×106、或至少15×106、或至少25×106、或至少50×106、或至少100×106、或至少500×106、或至少10亿、或至少20亿标准立方英尺每天(SCFD)的天然气。
额外的实施方式1至14提供在以下段落中:
1、变吸附接触器***包括:多个中空刚性衬管,每个衬管都具有限定内部区域的内表面、沿纵轴的第一开放轴向末端、沿纵轴与第一开放轴向末端相对的第二开放轴向末端和在内部区域外的外表面;多个单块吸附剂接触器,其中多个单块吸附剂接触器之一位于多个衬管之一内,一个单块吸附剂接触器具有主体,其限定沿纵轴通过主体的至少一个通路和主体的外表面;和结合剂,其置于单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的内表面之间,以阻碍单块吸附剂接触器和中空刚性衬管之间的气态流动。
2、根据段落1的变吸附接触器***,其中多个单块吸附剂接触器中的两个或多个沿多个中空刚性衬管之一内的相同纵轴堆叠在一起。
3、根据段落2的变吸附接触器***,其中堆叠的单块吸附剂接触器经带子在邻近末端附近被联结。
4、根据段落1至3中任一的变吸附接触器***,进一步包括相互邻近、相互固定地连接的多个中空刚性衬管中的两个或多个。
5、根据段落1至4中任一的变吸附接触器***,其中每个衬管都具有匹配的多边形横截面形状。
6、根据段落1至5中任一的变吸附接触器***,其中至少一个衬管具有从衬管的每个轴向末端以轴向方向伸出的整体的扶正器。
7、根据段落1至6的变吸附接触器***,其中结合剂当固化时是半刚性的。
8、组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其包括:提供多个中空刚性衬管,每个中空刚性衬管都具有限定内部区域的内表面、沿纵轴的第一开放轴向末端、沿纵轴与第一开放轴向末端相对的第二开放轴向末端和在内部区域外的外表面;在多个中空刚性衬管之一内放置多个单块吸附剂接触器之一,一个单块吸附剂接触器具有主体,其限定沿纵轴通过主体的至少一个通路和主体的外表面;和将多个单块吸附剂接触器之一经置于单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和中空刚性衬管的内表面之间的结合剂与多个中空刚性衬管之一结合,其中结合剂阻碍在单块吸附剂接触器和中空刚性衬管之间的流体流动。
9、根据段落8的组装变吸附容器的方法,进一步包括将结合剂固化成半刚性的材料。
10、根据段落8至9的组装变吸附容器的方法,进一步包括在固化结合剂后,使每个单块吸附剂接触器的顶部轴向末端上的蜡保护层和外壳内的蜡保护环两者都熔化。
11、根据段落8至10中任一的组装变吸附容器的方法,其中变吸附容器具有容纳多个中空刚性衬管的外壳,进一步包括在多个中空刚性衬管和外壳之间放置蜡保护环,以便蜡保护环变形和密封在单块吸附剂接触器的外表面和衬管的内表面之间的区域。
12、根据段落8至11中任一的组装变吸附容器的方法,进一步包括在放置结合剂步骤前,在每个单块吸附剂接触器的顶部轴向末端上放置蜡保护层。
13、根据段落8至12中任一的组装变吸附容器的方法,进一步包括使多个中空刚性衬管中的两个或多个相互固定地连接。
14、根据段落8至13中任一的组装变吸附容器的方法,其中固定地连接进一步包括焊接多个中空刚性衬管中的两个或多个的外表面。
就公开发明的原理可能应用的许多可能的实施方式而言,应认识到说明性实施方式仅仅是本发明的优选实施例,而不应被认为限制本发明的范围。
Claims (27)
1.变吸附接触器***,其包括:
多个中空刚性衬管,每个都具有内表面和开放轴向末端,邻近的衬管被固定地相互连接;
位于每个衬管内的单块吸附剂接触器,每个单块吸附剂接触器都具有与所述衬管的所述内表面间隔开的外表面;和
结合剂,所述结合剂置于所述单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面和所述衬管的所述内表面之间的空间中,以形成防止所述空间中的气态流动的密封。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述单块吸附剂接触器包括至少两个单块吸附剂接触器的堆叠。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述至少两个单块吸附剂接触器的堆叠通过带子在所述两个单块吸附剂接触器的邻近轴向末端附近被保持在一起。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变吸附接触器***,其中每个衬管具有从所述衬管的每个轴向末端以轴向方向伸出的整体的扶正器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变吸附接触器***,其中每个衬管和单块吸附剂接触器具有匹配的多边形横截面形状。
6.根据权利要求1所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述结合剂是可固化的结合剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述可固化的结合剂当固化时是半刚性的。
8.组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其包括以下步骤:
使多个中空刚性衬管相互固定地连接,其中所述衬管中的每一个都具有内表面和开放轴向末端;
在每个衬管内放置单块吸附剂接触器,每个单块吸附剂接触器具有外表面,其中所述放置步骤包括使每个单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面与每个衬管的所述内表面间隔开;
在所述单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面和所述衬管的所述内表面之间的空间中放置结合剂,以形成防止所述空间中的气态流动的密封。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其中所述结合剂是可固化的结合剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
允许所述可固化的结合剂固化成半刚性的材料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其中所述变吸附接触器***具有容纳所述多个中空刚性衬管的外壳,进一步包括以下步骤:
在所述多个中空刚性衬管被放置在所述外壳内之前,在所述外壳内在它的基底处放置蜡保护环,以便所述蜡保护环变形并密封在所述单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面和每个衬管的所述内表面之间的所述空间的底部。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:在所述放置结合剂的步骤前,在每个单块吸附剂接触器的顶部轴向末端上放置蜡保护层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
在所述允许所述可固化的结合剂固化成半刚性的材料的步骤后,使每个单块吸附剂接触器的所述顶部轴向末端上的所述蜡保护层和所述外壳内的所述蜡保护环两者都熔化。
14.变吸附接触器***,其包括:
多个中空刚性衬管,每个衬管都具有限定内部区域的内表面、沿纵轴的第一开放轴向末端、沿所述纵轴的与所述第一开放轴向末端相对的第二开放轴向末端、和在所述内部区域外的外表面;
多个单块吸附剂接触器,其中所述多个单块吸附剂接触器之一位于所述多个衬管之一内,所述一个单块吸附剂接触器具有主体,所述主体限定沿所述纵轴通过所述主体的至少一个通路和所述主体的外表面;和
结合剂,其置于所述单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面和所述衬管的所述内表面之间,以阻碍所述单块吸附剂接触器和所述中空刚性衬管之间的气态流动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述多个单块吸附剂接触器中的两个或多个沿所述多个中空刚性衬管之一内的相同纵轴堆叠在一起。
16.根据权利要求15所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述堆叠的单块吸附剂接触器经带子在邻近末端附近被联结。
17.根据权利要求14所述的变吸附接触器***,进一步包括相互邻近、相互固定地连接的所述多个中空刚性衬管中的两个或多个。
18.根据权利要求17所述的变吸附接触器***,其中每个衬管都具有匹配的多边形横截面形状。
19.根据权利要求14所述的变吸附接触器***,其中至少一个衬管具有从所述衬管的每个轴向末端以轴向方向伸出的整体的扶正器。
20.根据权利要求14所述的变吸附接触器***,其中所述结合剂当固化时是半刚性的。
21.组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其包括:
提供多个中空刚性衬管,每个中空刚性衬管都具有限定内部区域的内表面、沿纵轴的第一开放轴向末端、沿所述纵轴的与所述第一开放轴向末端相对的第二开放轴向末端、和在所述内部区域外的外表面;
在多个中空刚性衬管之一内放置多个单块吸附剂接触器之一,所述一个单块吸附剂接触器具有主体,所述主体限定沿所述纵轴通过所述主体的至少一个通路和所述主体的外表面;和
将所述多个单块吸附剂接触器之一经置于所述单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面和所述中空刚性衬管的所述内表面之间的结合剂与所述多个中空刚性衬管之一结合,其中所述结合剂阻碍所述单块吸附剂接触器和所述中空刚性衬管之间的流体流动。
22.根据权利要求21所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括将结合剂固化成半刚性的材料。
23.根据权利要求22所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括在固化所述结合剂后,使每个单块吸附剂接触器的顶部轴向末端上的蜡保护层和外壳内的蜡保护环两者都熔化。
24.根据权利要求22所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其中所述变吸附接触器***具有容纳所述多个中空刚性衬管的外壳,进一步包括在所述多个中空刚性衬管和所述外壳之间放置蜡保护环,以便所述蜡保护环变形和密封所述单块吸附剂接触器的所述外表面和所述衬管的所述内表面之间的区域。
25.根据权利要求23所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括在所述放置结合剂的步骤前,在每个单块吸附剂接触器的所述顶部轴向末端上放置蜡保护层。
26.根据权利要求21所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,进一步包括使所述多个中空刚性衬管中的两个或多个相互固定地连接。
27.根据权利要求21所述的组装变吸附接触器***的方法,其中固定地连接进一步包括焊接所述多个中空刚性衬管中的两个或多个的所述外表面。
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CN1822890A (zh) * | 2003-07-14 | 2006-08-23 | 日立金属株式会社 | 陶瓷蜂窝过滤器及其制造方法 |
CN102281936A (zh) * | 2009-01-15 | 2011-12-14 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于从包含氮和甲烷的混合流中分离出氮的方法及设备 |
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US11845062B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2023-12-19 | Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap | Method for producing an adsorption agent for treating compressed gas and an adsorption device provided with such an adsorption agent |
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US10016715B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
MY173802A (en) | 2020-02-24 |
AU2012223571B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
MX336393B (es) | 2016-01-18 |
JP2014514137A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
US20140013955A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
BR112013018597A2 (pt) | 2019-01-08 |
EA026681B1 (ru) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2680963A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
WO2012118755A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 |
US9358493B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
CA2824986A1 (en) | 2012-09-07 |
MX2013008388A (es) | 2013-08-12 |
SG192572A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
AU2012223571A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
US20160236135A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
EP2680963A4 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
EP2680963B1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
EA201391252A1 (ru) | 2014-04-30 |
CN103429339A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
CA2824986C (en) | 2017-05-09 |
JP6143192B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
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