CN103398905B - Local heating forming limit test method - Google Patents
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a local heating forming limit test method which can be realized by adopting a spherical bulging method, a Marciniak plane method and a biaxial tension test method of a cross-shaped test piece; taking a biaxial tension test method of a cross-shaped test piece as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the following steps: clamping a cross-shaped test piece; step two: setting relevant parameters of a biaxial tension test device and a laser transmitter; step three: bidirectional loading and stretching of the test piece and heating of the central area; step four: measuring and collecting test data; step five: and (4) carrying out test post-treatment and forming limit analysis to obtain the hot forming limit of the plate under various non-proportional loading paths. The invention has simple structure and reliable performance, and is convenient to realize the thermoforming limit experiment of proportional and non-proportional loading paths. It has wide application prospect in the technical field of material mechanics testing process and equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spot heating forming limit test method, belong to Material mechanics test Processes and apparatus technical field.
Background technology
Forming limit experiment has important effect in sign sheet material formability, can draw forming limit diagram, have important directive function to the actual forming technology of plate by the principal strain measured on the rear sheet material of forming limit experiment near breakdown point.Along with the development of Technology of Plastic Processing, a lot of sheet material needs to carry out Plastic Forming in a heated state, characterize sheet material forming property in a heated state, and the experiment of the thermoforming limit is essential.Plate stress in actual heat forming processes is complicated, in order to characterize its real forming property, except the thermoforming limit experiment under ratio shaping stress state, also should carry out the thermoforming limit experiment in various non-proportion loading path.
Current thermoforming limit approach is Naka sphere bulging in heating environment or Marciniak planar approach, will to mould and the heating of whole test specimen, the method usual heat time is longer, and the factor such as to be rubbed affects very large, sometimes rupture and first occur in non-principal distorted area, first can not realize the fracture in be concerned about Main Deformation, and in experiment, the measurement of strain is very inconvenient.Conventional Naka sphere bulging and Marciniak planar approach, the forming limit experiment more complicated will carrying out non-proportion loading path at normal temperatures (first will carry out prestrain to test specimen usually, then secondary processing is carried out to the test specimen after prestrain, again the new test specimen after processing is tested), non-proportion loading path is difficult to realize more in a heated state.
Therefore, propose a kind of convenient heating and measure, and can realize in experimentation first breaking in be concerned about Main Deformation, the forming limit experimental technique easily realizing various ratio and non-proportion loading path is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the problems referred to above that existing forming limit Method and Technology exists, present patent application provides a kind of spot heating forming limit test method, it can carry out various ratio and non-proportion loading path test to material to be concerned about Main Deformation under different state of temperatures, can carry out the research of thermal deformation forming limit.
A kind of spot heating forming limit test method, this method is in conventional sphere bulging method, Marciniak planar process or bidirectional tensile tester carry out spot heating to the Main Deformation that test specimen is concerned about, bidirectional tensile tester to adopt the center deformation district spot heating of cruciform specimen, comprise bidirectional tensile tester, controllable temperature heating arrangement, computer control system, it is characterized in that: in biaxial tensile test, profit is computerizedd control the adjustable heating arrangement of temperature, spot heating is carried out in the Main Deformation, center being opposite to the cruciform specimen in bidirectional tensile tester, and control two-way stretch device by computing machine and effectively can realize ratio to cruciform specimen different loading paths and disproportional two-way stretch, namely various ratio and the non-proportion loading path of center is realized.
In sum, a kind of spot heating forming limit test of the present invention method, it can adopt the biaxial tensile test method of sphere bulging method, Marciniak planar process or cruciform specimen to realize; Here for the biaxial tensile test method of cruciform specimen, the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: the clamping of cruciform specimen
Clamp four ends of cruciform specimen with the clamp device in four groups of stretching devices on bidirectional tensile tester respectively, ensure that the correctness of clamping position and two median vertical lines of test specimen overlap with four groups of stretching device center lines.
Bidirectional tensile tester comprises the identical stretching device of four groups of laying respectively on the four direction of cruciform specimen, the stretching travel often organized is 0-220mm, often organize stretching device and electric machine main shaft is converted into stretching to force snesor by a sets of transmission mechanism, the other end of force snesor is connected with clamp device, finally realize the movement of clamp device, various different loading paths test is carried out to cruciform specimen.
Step 2: the correlation parameter setting of bidirectional tensile tester and generating laser
By parameters such as the power of the loading ratio in the computer control system setting load mode of bidirectional tensile tester and both direction and generating laser, laser beam scan path and speed.
The both direction of bidirectional tensile tester can be realized the load mode of the multiple ratio such as 1:1,1:2,1:3 by the load control of computing machine or strain controlling.
The Main Deformation of spot heating mode to cruciform specimen center is adopted to heat, temperature and heating zone size can control as required, adjustment laser power 1-1000W, sweep velocity 1-50mm/s, can make surface of test piece temperature reach 200-1148 DEG C fast.The heating carrying out test specimen center can adopt common heating means, as laser, electromagnetism, infrared, and the methods such as thermopair.Test is drawn for the two of the research ultra-high strength steel forming limit of laser auxiliary heating, by the power adjustments of controllable temperature laser heating device to 300W, sweep velocity is set as 6.5mm/s, the laser beam of then launching makes that the irradiation temperature of center is instantaneous reaches more than 700 DEG C, austenite is separated out in the tissue of ultra-high strength steel test specimen center, the plastic deformation ability of center can be improved, and reduce the tensile strength at this position, make fracture occur in center.
Step 3: the biaxial loadings stretching of test specimen and the heating of center
Computer control system controls bidirectional tensile tester and carries out two-way stretch by default load path to cruciform specimen, and control generating laser heats along specified path center simultaneously, heating region is reached and remains on predetermined temperature range.
Computer control system controls bidirectional tensile tester carries out under different proportion two-way stretch to cruciform specimen, and real-time by force snesor, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics; Infrared thermometer in controllable temperature device, is measured by cordless in real time cruciform specimen center temperature and feeds back to computer control system.Computer control system controls generating laser and carries out scanning heating by the scanning pattern of specifying and speed; Receive the temperature parameter of the test specimen central area that infrared thermometer is measured, then control generating laser and heat, make heating region remain on predetermined temperature range.For the material that oxidation easily occurs under heated condition in process of the test, blanket gas can be passed in process of the test.
Step 4: the measurement collection of test figure
By the sensor on bidirectional tensile tester, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics in process of the test, the infrared thermometer in controllable temperature device can carry out the measurement of test specimen center temperature.Adopt conventional gridding method or optical touchless strain measuring instrument to carry out the strain measurement of be concerned about Main Deformation after test, optical touchless strain measuring instrument in process of the test, also can be adopted to measure in real time the strain in deformation process.
Step 5: test aftertreatment and forming limit analysis
Use the data obtained in step 4 carry out moulding theoretical research and carry out finite element analysis, the thermoforming limit of plate under various non-proportion loading path can be obtained.
The FB(flow block) of concrete operation step is as Fig. 4.
In the inventive method, adopt cruciform specimen and bidirectional tensile tester, can conveniently realize ratio and non-proportion loading.If the forming limit experiment under only needing to carry out load on rate state, can on the basis of conventional Marciniak planar process or Naka sphere bulging method, the above-mentioned local heating methods adopting this method to provide carries out testing and the measurement of related data.
If heating-up temperature is not high in the experiment of the thermoforming limit, Main Deformation, above-mentioned center is weakened not, adopt thinning to center in advance again, and then adopt the local heating methods proposed in the present invention to form limit experiment, enough weaken the center realized in forming limit experiment to make center and break.
The present invention compares with method with existing thermoforming limit testing device, has following outstanding advantages and effect:
1, the present invention is by carrying out spot heating to be concerned about Main Deformation, realize the experiment of heating forming limit, because Main Deformation is by thermal softening in experiment, first break, overcoming in traditional forming limit experimental technique breaks does not occur in the defect of Main Deformation;
2, structure of the present invention is simple, dependable performance, conveniently realizes the thermoforming limit experiment in ratio and non-proportion loading path.If only need the thermoforming limit experiment carrying out load on rate path, the local heating methods that can the present invention be adopted to propose in the biaxial loadings method of traditional Marciniak planar process or Naka sphere bulging method or cruciform specimen, laser, electromagnetism or other type of heating is adopted to carry out spot heating to the Main Deformation, center of test specimen, the thermoforming limit experimental result under load on rate path can be obtained, if center is weakened not, the spot heating scheme that can the present invention be adopted to propose further on the basis of traditional center thining method.If carry out the forming limit experiment in various non-proportion loading path, the local heating methods proposed in the present invention can be adopted on the basis of the non-proportion loading experimental technique of cruciform specimen to realize the thermoforming limit experiment in non-proportion loading path.Overcome the defect that traditional thermoforming limit experimental technique is difficult to realize complex strain paths;
3, the local heating methods proposed in the present invention, the heater means that thermal source can adopt laser, electromagnetism etc. advanced, conveniently carry out the heating at primary deformable position, facilitate control and measurement temperature, little and the firing rate of heating surface (area) (HS is fast, and the comparatively slow and test specimen temperature of heating up in the traditional thermoforming marginal test method of customer service controls the defect of inconvenience;
4, in the thermoforming limit experiment that the present invention proposes, carrying out in spot heating forming limit test, the real-time measurement strained in deformation process can be carried out, can measure strain very easily after test neutralization test, overcome strain measurement defect not easily in traditional thermoforming limit approach;
5, the method for the tradition research thermoforming limit is sphere bulging in heating environment or Marciniak planar approach, to mould and the heating of whole test specimen, and the factor such as to be rubbed affects very large, sometimes can not realize the fracture in be concerned about Main Deformation.If the method in employing the present invention, spot heating is carried out to sheet metal deformation concentration zones, and control temperature well, breaking of be concerned about distorted area can be realized, better draw forming limit, overcome above-mentioned defect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the method adopted in the present invention, for the structural representation of the spot heating forming limit experimental provision of LASER HEATING and bidirectional tensile tester; Figure 1B is supplementing Figure 1A, if adopt LASER HEATING can adopt the Double-side Heating shown in one side shown in Figure 1A or Figure 1B.
Fig. 2 is the method adopted in the present invention, during biaxial tensile test for cruciform specimen adopt the cruciform specimen figure that arm cracks;
Fig. 3 A is that the test specimen occurred in the biaxial tensile test of conventional normal temperature or overall heating ruptures the schematic diagram occurred on arm;
Fig. 3 B adopts method of the present invention, for the biaxial tensile test of cruciform specimen, cruciform specimen fracture occurs in the schematic diagram of center;
Fig. 4 is FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Label declaration shown in figure:
1, clamp device, 2, force snesor, 3, cruciform specimen, 4, computer control system, 5, generating laser, 6, generating laser scanning heating path, 7, cracking on cruciform specimen arm
Embodiment
See Figure 1A-Fig. 4, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described and describes.
As shown in Figure 1A, adopt the method that the present invention proposes, adopt bidirectional tensile tester and carry out the thermoforming test unit of spot heating with laser, comprise bidirectional tensile tester, controllable temperature laser heating device, computer control system 4, wherein bidirectional tensile tester comprises four groups of identical stretching devices, often organize stretching device and all electric machine main shaft is converted into the stretching to force snesor 2 by a sets of transmission mechanism, the other end of force snesor 2 is connected with clamp device 1, finally realize the Linear-moving of clamp device 1, tension test is carried out to cruciform specimen 3.
Controllable temperature laser heating device comprises generating laser, infrared thermometer, as shown in Figure 1A generating laser 5 under the control of computer control system 4 along invisible scanning path 6, to on cruciform specimen arm crack 7 cruciform specimen 3 center carry out spot heating, test specimen is ruptured after loading and occurs in centre position as Fig. 3 B; Infrared thermometer to be measured in real time test specimen center temperature by cordless and temperature parameter is fed back to computer control system 4.
Computer control system 4 Comprehensive Control two-way stretch device to the drawing process of cruciform specimen, controllable temperature laser heating device to the heating-up temperature in material center district and generating laser scanning heating path 6.
Concrete process of the test of the present invention is as follows, first four ends of cruciform specimen are clamped respectively with the clamp device 1 in four groups of stretching devices, computer control system 4 receives the temperature parameter of the test specimen center that infrared thermometer is measured, then control generating laser to heat center along specified path, heating region is reached and remains on predetermined temperature range; Computer control system 4 controls bidirectional tensile tester carries out preset ratio and disproportional two-way stretch to cruciform specimen 3, and real-time by force snesor 2, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics, final analysis goes out material two-way stretch mechanical performance index at different temperatures, carries out the research of thermal deformation forming limit.
See Fig. 4, a kind of spot heating forming limit test of the present invention method, the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: the clamping of cruciform specimen 3
Clamp four ends of cruciform specimen 3 with the clamp device 1 in four groups of stretching devices on bidirectional tensile tester respectively, ensure that the correctness of clamping position and two median vertical lines of test specimen overlap with four groups of stretching device center lines.
Bidirectional tensile tester comprise lay respectively at cruciform specimen 3 four direction on four groups of identical stretching devices, often organize stretching device and electric machine main shaft is converted into stretching to force snesor 2 by a sets of transmission mechanism, the other end of force snesor 2 is connected with clamp device 1, finally realize the movement of clamp device 1, various different loading paths test is carried out to cruciform specimen 3.
Step 2: the correlation parameter setting of bidirectional tensile tester and generating laser
Initial heating temperature, the parameter such as scanning pattern and speed of loading ratio in the load mode of bidirectional tensile tester and both direction and generating laser is set by computer control system 4.
The both direction of bidirectional tensile tester can be realized the load mode of the multiple ratio such as 1:1,1:2,1:3 by the load control of computer control system 4 or strain controlling.
The Main Deformation of spot heating mode to cruciform specimen 3 center is adopted to heat, temperature and heating zone size can control as required, adjustment laser power 1-1000W, sweep velocity 1-50mm/s, can make surface of test piece temperature reach 200-1148 DEG C fast.The heating carrying out test specimen center adopts common heating means, as laser, electromagnetism, infrared, and the methods such as thermopair.Here for laser auxiliary heating, the irradiation temperature of the laser beam that controllable temperature laser heating device is launched is by controlling laser power density, the center of cruciform specimen 3 is heated to default temperature by the parameters such as spot diameter, the plastic deformation ability of center can be improved, and reduce the tensile strength at this position, make fracture occur in center.
Step 3: the biaxial loadings stretching of test specimen and the heating of center
Computer control system 4 controls bidirectional tensile tester and carries out two-way stretch by default load path to cruciform specimen 3, and control generating laser 5 heats along generating laser scanning heating path 6 pairs of centers of specifying, and makes heating region reach and remains on predetermined temperature range simultaneously.
Computer control system 4 controls bidirectional tensile tester carries out under different proportion two-way stretch to cruciform specimen 3, and real-time by force snesor 2, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics; Infrared thermometer in controllable temperature device, is measured by cordless in real time cruciform specimen 3 center temperature and feeds back to computer control system 4.Computer control system 4 controls generating laser 5 and carries out scanning heating by the generating laser scanning heating path 6 of specifying and speed; Receive the temperature parameter of the test specimen central area that infrared thermometer is measured, then control generating laser 5 and heat, make heating region remain on predetermined temperature range.For the material that oxidation easily occurs under heated condition in process of the test, blanket gas can be passed in process of the test.
Step 4: the measurement collection of test figure
By the force snesor 2 on bidirectional tensile tester, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics in process of the test, the infrared thermometer in controllable temperature device can carry out the measurement of test specimen center temperature.Adopt conventional gridding method or optical touchless strain measuring instrument to carry out the strain measurement of be concerned about Main Deformation after test, optical touchless strain measuring instrument in process of the test, also can be adopted to measure in real time the strain in deformation process.
Step 5: test aftertreatment and forming limit analysis
Use the data obtained in step 4 carry out moulding theoretical research and carry out finite element analysis, the thermoforming limit of plate under various non-proportion loading path can be obtained.
Shape district carries out the thermoforming marginal test method of spot heating, and the thermoforming marginal test method heated with traditional entirety is essentially different.Controllable temperature heating arrangement is drawn in access arrangement, spot heating is carried out to test specimen center, test specimen is ruptured in be concerned about Main Deformation, center, overcoming in traditional thermoforming limit experimental technique breaks can not occur in center deformation district, strain measurement inconvenient, be difficult to realize the various defects such as non-proportion loading path, also be the development to biaxial tensile test method, effectively can draw material Sheet Metal Forming Limit under different temperatures and different stress state.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in illustrated technical scope; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (2)
1. a spot heating forming limit test method, is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: the clamping of cruciform specimen
Clamp four ends of cruciform specimen with the clamp device in four groups of stretching devices on bidirectional tensile tester respectively, ensure that the correctness of clamping position and two median vertical lines of test specimen overlap with four groups of stretching device center lines;
Bidirectional tensile tester comprises the identical stretching device of four groups of laying respectively on the four direction of cruciform specimen, the stretching travel often organized is 0-220mm, often organize stretching device by a sets of transmission mechanism electric machine main shaft to be converted into and to stretch to one end of force snesor, the other end of force snesor is connected with clamp device, finally realize the movement of clamp device, various different loading paths test is carried out to cruciform specimen;
Step 2: the correlation parameter setting of bidirectional tensile tester and generating laser
By the power of the loading ratio in the computer control system setting load mode of bidirectional tensile tester and both direction and generating laser, laser beam scan path and speed parameter;
The both direction of bidirectional tensile tester is the load mode of the multiple ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3 by the load control realization load proportion of computing machine or realizes by strain controlling the load mode that Proportion of strain value is the multiple ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3; The Main Deformation of spot heating mode to cruciform specimen center is adopted to heat, temperature and heating zone size control as required, adjustment laser power 1-1000W, sweep velocity 1-50mm/s, make surface of test piece temperature reach 200-1148 DEG C fast; The heating carrying out test specimen center adopts common laser, electromagnetism, infrared, thermopair heating means, test is drawn with the two of research ultra-high strength steel forming limit of laser auxiliary heating, by the power adjustments of controllable temperature laser heating device to 300W, sweep velocity is set as 6.5mm/s, the laser beam of then launching makes that the irradiation temperature of center is instantaneous reaches more than 700 DEG C, austenite is separated out in the tissue of ultra-high strength steel test specimen center, improve the plastic deformation ability of center, and reduce the tensile strength of center, make fracture occur in center;
Step 3: the biaxial loadings stretching of test specimen and the heating of center
Computer control system controls bidirectional tensile tester and carries out two-way stretch by default load path to cruciform specimen, and control generating laser heats along specified path center simultaneously, heating region is reached and remains on predetermined temperature range;
Computer control system controls bidirectional tensile tester carries out under different proportion two-way stretch to cruciform specimen, and real-time by force snesor, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics; Infrared thermometer in controllable temperature device, measured by cordless in real time cruciform specimen center temperature and feed back to computer control system, computer control system controls generating laser and carries out scanning heating by the scanning pattern of specifying and speed; Receive the temperature parameter of the test specimen central area that infrared thermometer is measured, then control generating laser and heat, make heating region remain on predetermined temperature range; For the material that oxidation easily occurs under heated condition in process of the test, in process of the test, pass into blanket gas;
Step 4: the measurement collection of test figure
By the force snesor on bidirectional tensile tester, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics in process of the test, the infrared thermometer in controllable temperature device carries out the measurement of test specimen center temperature; Adopt conventional gridding method or optical touchless strain measuring instrument to carry out the strain measurement of be concerned about Main Deformation after test, in process of the test, adopt optical touchless strain measuring instrument to measure in real time the strain in deformation process;
Step 5: test aftertreatment and forming limit analysis
Use the data obtained in step 4 carry out moulding theoretical research and carry out finite element analysis, obtain the thermoforming limit of plate under various non-proportion loading path.
2. a kind of spot heating forming limit test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it adopts the biaxial tensile test method of sphere bulging method, Marciniak planar process and cruciform specimen to realize.
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| CN101018626B (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2011-09-14 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Pressing forming device and pressing forming method for metal plate |
| US20110295570A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-01 | Livermore Software Technology Corporation | Sheet Metal Forming Failure Prediction Using Numerical Simulations |
| CN201780237U (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2011-03-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Sheet-forming limit testing die |
| JP5831191B2 (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2015-12-09 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Forming limit line measurement method in high temperature press forming |
| CN102601203A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for improving plate forming limit and method for improving plate forming limit by aid of device |
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| CN109163982A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-08 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | A kind of thermal environment bilateral loading equipment and test method |
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