CN103398284A - LNG tank - Google Patents

LNG tank Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103398284A
CN103398284A CN2013102071149A CN201310207114A CN103398284A CN 103398284 A CN103398284 A CN 103398284A CN 2013102071149 A CN2013102071149 A CN 2013102071149A CN 201310207114 A CN201310207114 A CN 201310207114A CN 103398284 A CN103398284 A CN 103398284A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lng
natural gas
liquefied natural
storage tanks
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN2013102071149A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103398284B (en
Inventor
李正汉
崔廷豪
韩成坤
崔东圭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanhua Ocean Co ltd
Original Assignee
Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication of CN103398284A publication Critical patent/CN103398284A/en
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Publication of CN103398284B publication Critical patent/CN103398284B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0123—Terminals

Abstract

The invention relates to a LNG tank used to store LNG. TheLNG tank comprises a thermal insulation wall and a sealing layer, and a safety valve which is disposed in the LNG tank. The LNG tank is set so that when pressure in the LNG tank exceeds a cut-off pressure, the safety valve is opened, wherein the safety valve has two or more different cut-off pressures.

Description

Liquefied natural gas storage tanks
The application is original application application number 200710097460.0, and on April 29 2007 applying date, denomination of invention is divided an application for " liquefied natural gas storage tanks and use LNG Liquefied natural gas are processed the method for volatilization gas ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of LNG Liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG) holding vessel, particularly relate to a kind of LNG holding vessel that can store the rock gas of liquid condition.
Background technique
Generally, by at grown place cooled natural gas (Natural Gas, NG) to cryogenic liquide state, producing LNG Liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG), and transport it into the destination in a distant place by the LNG cargo ship.In destination, store and regasification unit (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit through floating, FSRU) or the port of discharge of land (unloading terminal), the LNG that can gasify again, then be supplied to the Consumer with it.
In the situation that by the LNG boats and ships (LNG Regasification Vessel, LNG-RV) that gasify again, transport LNG, the LNG-RV LNG that just can gasify again itself, and need not by FSRU or port of discharge.
Because be about under the low temperature and ambient pressure of-163 ℃, can LNG Liquefied natural gas, so, if around under pressure the temperature of LNG slightly increase and surpass-163 ℃, LNG likely is evaporated.For example, in the situation that the LNG cargo ship, although the LNG holding vessel disposes thermal insulation structure, can not prevent fully that also heat from entering LNG via holding vessel, thereby during LNG cargo ship transportation LNG, LNG can constantly be evaporated, and generates volatilization gas in the LNG holding vessel.
As mentioned above, when having generated volatilization gas in the LNG holding vessel, the pressure in the LNG holding vessel will increase, and becomes dangerous.
Under conventional situation, in order to keep pressure in the LNG holding vessel at stable state, the volatilization gas that generates in the LNG holding vessel will be consumed as the fuel that advances the LNG boats and ships.
Produce steam by burning volatilization gas and heavy fuel oil in boiler and have the problem of low propulsive efficiency with the steam turbine propulsion system that drives.
On the other hand, have the electric propulsion system of double-fuel diesel, it adopts the fuel of the volatilization gas of compression as diesel engine, and this system has the propulsive efficiency higher than steam turbine propulsion system.But,, due to the electric propulsion unit in system and the complicated level of integration of media speed diesel engine existence, can cause and have many difficulties aspect safeguarding.In addition, because volatilization gas must be supplied as fuel, this system has been used gas compression method, and the method has more expensive initial cost and has higher running cost compared to liquid compression.
In addition, adopt conventional method that volatilization gas acts as a fuel can not reach generally as the two strokes peculiar to vessel peak efficiency of diesel engine at a slow speed.
Another method is again to liquefy come from the volatilization gas in the LNG tank and it is returned in this tank.Yet, for system, complicated and expensive reliquefaction installation must be installed.
In addition, when the Volatile Gas scale of construction surpasses the capacity of propulsion system or reliquefaction installation, must be by superfluous gases of burning such as gas combustion unit.Therefore, the auxiliary unit such as gas combustion unit must be installed, so that valuable gas is consumed by burning.
The disclosed technology such as No. 2001-0014021, No. 2001-0014033, No. 2001-0083920, No. 2001-0082235 and No. 2004-0015249 are disclosed in early days according to korean patent application, by the LNG holding vessel being maintained at about under the high pressure of 200 bar (bar), and need not installing insulating wall on the LNG holding vessel, can be suppressed at volatilization gas in the LNG holding vessel and generate.Yet, because the LNG holding vessel must have sizable thickness, to be subjected to the approximately high pressure of 200 bar, so, there is the problem of high manufacture cost and need additional assembly, such as high pressure compressor.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, consider that above problem has proposed the present invention, and an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of LNG holding vessel, in order to keep the LNG holding vessel in level of security, and need not to process separately volatilization gas.
According to an aspect of the present invention, by a kind of LNG holding vessel is provided, can reach above and other purpose, liquefied natural gas storage tanks is in order to store LNG Liquefied natural gas, and described liquefied natural gas storage tanks is characterised in that and comprises: thermal insulation wall (thermal insulation wall) and sealing layer (sealing layer); And safety valve, be installed in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, and be set to: when the pressure in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks surpassed cutoff pressure, described safety valve can be opened, and wherein, described safety valve has two or more different cutoff pressures.
According to an aspect of the present invention,, according to the amount that is stored in the LNG Liquefied natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, make described safety valve have different cutoff pressures.
According to an aspect of the present invention, described safety valve has: from about 0.25 bar or the lower and cutoff pressure selected and higher than any to about 2 selected cutoff pressures of bar of about 0.25 bar.
According to an aspect of the present invention, according to the amount that is stored in the LNG Liquefied natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, the described cutoff pressure of described safety valve is set as: approximately 0.25 bar and approximately any of 0.4 bar.
According to an aspect of the present invention, according to the amount that is stored in the LNG Liquefied natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, the described cutoff pressure of described safety valve is set as: approximately 0.25 bar and approximately any of 0.7 bar.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the described liquefied natural gas storage tanks that comprises described safety valve is to be installed in lng regas boats and ships (LNG-RV), and described lng regas boats and ships comprise: through the unit that gasifies again with the LNG Liquefied natural gas that will be stored in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks is set.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the described liquefied natural gas storage tanks that comprises described safety valve is to be installed in floating to store and regasification unit (LNG-FSRU), and described floating stores and regasification unit comprises: through the unit that gasifies again with the LNG Liquefied natural gas that will be stored in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks is set.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the described liquefied natural gas storage tanks that comprises described safety valve is to be installed in liquified natural gas carrier (LNGC) (LNG carrier).
According to an aspect of the present invention, the described cutoff pressure of described safety valve can be set to the first pressure and the second pressure, and described safety valve can change described cutoff pressure and arrive any of described the first pressure and described the second pressure, and described the second pressure is lower than described the first pressure.
According to an aspect of the present invention, when described LNG Liquefied natural gas is loaded into described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, described the first pressure is the cutoff pressure of described safety valve, and when the described LNG Liquefied natural gas that is stored in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks evaporate and the volatilization gas that produces, while being discharged to described liquefied natural gas storage tanks outside, described the second pressure is the cutoff pressure of described safety valve, and thereby the amount that is stored in the described LNG Liquefied natural gas of described liquefied natural gas storage tanks can reduce.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, for can clearer understanding technological means of the present invention, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, below with preferred embodiment of the present invention and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to the present invention, and the heat that is used for the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship enters the schematic diagram with the principle of thermal absorption.
Fig. 2 is according to example embodiment of the present invention, is used for the schematic diagram of the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship.
Fig. 3 is according to the present invention, by the LNG holding vessel that adopts the LNG cargo ship, at the schematic diagram of the LNG of port of discharge discharging method.
Embodiment
Below will, referring to accompanying drawing, describe example embodiment of the present invention in detail.
LNG holding vessel of the present invention is used for the LNG cargo ship, floating stores and regasification unit (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit, FSRU), the port of discharge of land and LNG boats and ships (LNG Regasification Vessel, LNG-RV) etc. that gasify again.
Hereinafter, will use the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship describes as example.
Fig. 1 is according to the present invention, and the heat that is used for the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship enters the schematic diagram with the principle of thermal absorption.In the prior art, the pressure that is used for the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship is maintained at predetermined scope, thereby makes the most of heat that enters the LNG holding vessel be used for generating volatilization gas, and all volatilization gas should be processed in the LNG cargo ship.On the other hand, according to the present invention, the LNG holding vessel that is used for the LNG cargo ship is constructed to allow increase therein pressure, make saturation temperature increase, thereby great majority enter heat and are stored LNG and rock gas (the Natural Gas of large thermal capacity in tank, NG) steam absorbs, thereby is showing the generation that has reduced volatilization gas.For example, according to example embodiment, when the pressure of the LNG of LNG cargo ship holding vessel became 0.7 bar from the initial pressure of 0.06 bar, saturation temperature had increased approximately 6 ℃.
Fig. 2 is according to example embodiment of the present invention, is used for the schematic diagram of the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship.The LNG holding vessel 1 that is used for the LNG cargo ship comprises configuration insulating wall thereon, and the point of departure when LNG is loaded into LNG production harbour, has the approximately internal pressure of 0.06 bar (gauge pressure).Then, because, at the term of voyage of LNG cargo ship, will generate volatilization gas in the LNG holding vessel, so the pressure in the LNG holding vessel can increase gradually.For example, when the place that LNG is producing LNG is loaded in the LNG holding vessel 1 of LNG cargo ship, LNG holding vessel 1 has the internal pressure of 0.06 bar, and after the navigation through approximately 15 to 20 days, when the LNG cargo ship arrived destination, the internal pressure of LNG holding vessel 1 can be increased to 0.7 bar (gauge pressure).
According to the present invention, the LNG holding vessel 1 that is used for the LNG cargo ship comprises insulating wall, and considers when design because volatilization gas generates caused pressure and increase, and that is to say, having enough intensity increases because volatilization gas generates the pressure that causes being subjected to.Therefore, the volatilization gas that generates in LNG holding vessel 1 is accumulated in wherein, and need not to consume any volatilization gas or extract any volatilization gas from the LNG tank at the term of voyage of LNG cargo ship.
For example, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the LNG holding vessel 1 that is used for the LNG cargo ship comprises insulating wall, and preferably has the hard to bear firmly structure of the pressure of 0.4 to 2 bar (gauge pressure) of energy, and more preferably having can the hard to bear firmly structure of the pressure of 0.6 to 1.5 bar (gauge pressure).By holding vessel 1 is configured to have high thickness, perhaps by reinforcing steel structure by interpolation in wherein showing the design and structure that changes traditional LNG holding vessel, suitably to reinforce the traditional LNG holding vessel for the LNG cargo ship, LNG holding vessel 1 of the present invention can be implemented fully, so from manufacturing original consideration, be very economical.
In correlation technique, the LNG holding vessel with traditional LNG cargo ship of thermal insulation (heat dissipation) wall that is disposed on holding vessel is known, below will describe this correlation technique.In Fig. 1, do not show the thermal insulation wall.
At first, the LNG holding vessel for the LNG cargo ship can be divided into free-standing tank and diaphragm type tank.Whether the goods that the classification of LNG holding vessel is based on loading directly acts on that thermal insulation layer carries out, and will describe in detail hereinafter.
In table 1 below, as Gaz Transport(GT) company and Technigaz(TGZ) company renamed GTT(Gaz Transport﹠amp as in 1999; Technigaz) during company, GTT No.96-2 and GTT Mark III are renamed by GT and TGZ respectively.
Table 1
U. S. Patent No. 6035795, No. 6378722 and No. 5586513, U. S. Patent is published No. 2003-0000949, Korean Patent openly announce in early days No. 2000-0011347 and 2000-0011346 etc. among, disclosed GT type and TGT type tank.
Korean Patent the 499710th and disclosed the thermal insulation wall of implementing according to other principle for No. 064217.
Thereby the traditional LNG holding vessel that is used for the LNG cargo ship has many various forms thermal insulation walls, and all these LNG holding vessels are designed to suppress as far as possible volatilization gas and generate.
The present invention can be applied to the LNG holding vessel of traditional LNG cargo ship, and as mentioned above, this traditional LNG holding vessel has various forms thermal insulation wall.Traditional LNG holding vessel that great majority are used for the LNG cargo ship is constructed to energy hard to bear firmly 0.25 bar or less pressure, and the volatilization gas that allows to generate in the LNG holding vessel can be used as the fuel of propulsion system and is consumed, perhaps liquefied again to keep the pressure of LNG holding vessel at 0.2 bar or less, and when the pressure of holding vessel is increased to over 0.2 bar to 0.25 bar, via safety valve, discharge volatilization gas.
In addition, LNG holding vessel according to the present invention is constructed to increase by reducing local temperature and pressure, to reduce the LNG pressure tank.Injection has the volatilization gas of higher temperature by the upper part from the LNG holding vessel towards LNG holding vessel lower part, and the upper part injection LNG by the lower part from the LNG holding vessel towards the LNG holding vessel with higher temperature, the LNG holding vessel can be remained on uniform temperature distribution.
In Fig. 2, LNG holding vessel 1 has LNG pump 11 and the volatilization gas injection nozzle 21 that is positioned at lower part, and has LNG sparger 13 and the volatilization gas compressor 23 that is positioned at upper part.By volatilization gas compressor 23, have the volatilization gas ozzle 21 of the volatilization gas of higher temperature via the lower part that is positioned at LNG holding vessel 1 in the upper part of LNG holding vessel 1, be injected into the lower part of LNG holding vessel 1.Therefore, by LNG pump 11, the LNG that has lower temperature in the lower part of LNG holding vessel 1 can be via the LNG sparger 13 of the upper part that is positioned at LNG holding vessel 1, towards the upper part injection of LNG holding vessel 1.As a result, the temperature distribution of LNG holding vessel 1 can keep evenly, and this has reduced the volatilization gas generation.
In addition, if LNG under supercooled state, in the production harbour that produces LNG is loaded into the LNG cargo ship, during LNG is transported to destination, likely further reduces volatilization gas and generates.In order to prevent under supercooled state, after LNG was packed at the production harbour into, the pressure decreased that is used for the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship arrived negative pressure (0 physical atmosphere (atm) or less), can be filled with nitrogen in the Steam area of LNG holding vessel.
Then,, according to the present invention, will the method for the LNG holding vessel processing volatilization gas that adopts the LNG cargo ship be described.
At LNG cargo ship term of voyage, LNG holding vessel 1 according to the present invention allows to increase due to the pressure that heat enters and volatilization gas generates in caused LNG holding vessel 1, and need not to process volatilization gas, thereby the heats that great majority enter the LNG tank can be absorbed as LNG in LNG holding vessel 1 and the internal energy of NG steam, so, saturation pressure when by increasing internal energy, increasing the LNG temperature, the LNG pressure tank has only increased sub-fraction.Then, when the LNG cargo ship arrives at the destination, the volatilization gas that is accumulated in the LNG holding vessel will be processed at port of discharge.
Fig. 3 is according to example embodiment of the present invention,, by adopting the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship, processes the structural representation of volatilization gas at port of discharge.
Port of discharge has been mounted a plurality of LNG holding vessels 2, a plurality of compressor 3, after-condenser 4, high pressure LNG pump p and vaporizer 5.
When LNG is unloaded into the LNG holding vessel of port of discharge from the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship, because the pressure of the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship is higher than the pressure of the LNG holding vessel of port of discharge, therefore there is the LNG of high pressure more can flow into the LNG holding vessel of port of discharge, based on above reason, can the outer volatilization gas of amount of production.
The volatilization gas that has generated after carrying out multistage compression, will be supplied to the Consumer by the high pressure mode of compressor 3 at port of discharge., at this, by the low-voltage of compressor 3 and compressed volatilization gas, after condensation again and being evaporated by after-condenser 4, can be supplied to the Consumer.
LNG in the LNG holding vessel 1 of LNG cargo ship can directly be supplied to after-condenser 4, rather than is provided to the LNG holding vessel 2 of port of discharge, due to the pressure of the LNG pressure higher than the LNG holding vessel of port of discharge, thereby can not generate volatilization gas.
On the other hand, if after-condenser is not mounted in port of discharge, LNG can directly be supplied to the attraction side of high-pressure service pump p.
As mentioned above, in the situation that a plurality of LNG holding vessels 2 are installed in port of discharge, when LNG is sent to a plurality of LNG holding vessel 2 of port of discharge, because the volatilization gas that will generate disperses in a plurality of LNG holding vessels 2, so in each LNG holding vessel 2, can minimize the generation of volatilization gas, thereby at port of discharge, volatilization gas can be accumulated in each LNG holding vessel 2.
In addition, according to the present invention, because the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship operation under higher than existing design pressure, so likely omit the process of filling volatilization gas or NG steam, and this process is while unloading to port of discharge from the LNG cargo ship LNG, because generate flash gas (flash gas) in the LNG of LNG cargo ship tank, for the needed process of internal pressure of the LNG holding vessel that keeps the LNG cargo ship.
in addition, if traditional LNG holding vessel or the floating of improvement port of discharge store and regasification unit (Floating Storage and Regasificaton Unit, FSRU) or LNG boats and ships (the LNG regasification vessel that gasifies again, LNG-RV), set up perhaps that the LNG holding vessel of new port of discharge or floating store and regasification unit (FSRU) or the LNG boats and ships (LNG-RV) that gasify again, make the pressure of the pressure store of LNG holding vessel corresponding to the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship according to the present invention, due to LNG from LNG cargo ship unloading to the LNG holding vessel of any one port of discharge or FSRV or LNG-RV during, do not generate extra flash gas, so likely existing Unloading Technology is applied in these LNG holding vessels.
According to traditional operating method, the most of volatilization gas that generate in the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship will be as the fuel of propulsion system and are consumed, and are perhaps liquefied to reduce the pressure of LNG holding vessel again.Yet, according to the present invention, because by the pressure that consumes or liquefy again to keep the LNG holding vessel of LNG cargo ship, only reduce capacity or part volatilization gas, so likely the present invention is applied to traditional LNG cargo ship, volatilization gas is used as propellant or have on ship a liquefaction system again.
According to the present invention, because can improve the restriction that LNG holding vessel pressure is kept during transportation LNG, so application of the present invention is not limited to operate without any evaporation gas treating apparatus the situation of LNG cargo ship, it also can be applied to have traditional LNG cargo ship of evaporation gas treating apparatus.
If construct based on the present invention that the LNG-FSRU(floating stores and regasification unit) holding vessel, the volatilization gas management that is used for LNG-FSRU can have more flexibility, and can not need condensation unit again.
According to the present invention, LNG-RV can have the above-mentioned advantage of LNG cargo ship and LNG-FSRU.
As can be seen from the above, according to the present invention, in the situation that LNG cargo ship, at term of voyage, volatilization gas can be accumulated among the LNG holding vessel that is designed to withstand the pressure that generates the increase that causes due to volatilization gas, and when unloading, at port of discharge, can process the volatilization gas that this is accumulated.Like this, have more elasticity when selecting propulsion system, and by the independence of propulsion system, can make system simplification.
In addition, according to the present invention, in the situation that LNG cargo ship, need not to use various compositions for volatilization gas relevant device and propulsion system (such as boiler/steam turbine, reliquefaction installation, petrol engine, be used for compressor of fuel gas supply etc.), and that this various compositions are prior arts of processing volatilization gas is needed.In addition, according to the present invention, likely with the general purpose marine engine of high efficiency as propulsion system.
In addition, in the situation that the LNG cargo ship, LNG holding vessel of the present invention can use very effectively together with the existing system of processing volatilization gas or reliquefaction installation.More particularly, even surpass the capacity of propulsion system or reliquefaction installation at the volatilization gas that generates, superfluous volatilization gas can be kept in the LNG holding vessel, and need not to be consumed by burning.Whereby, can save cost in the operation of LNG cargo ship.
the above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, within not breaking away from the technical solution of the present invention scope, when the structure that can utilize above-mentioned announcement and technology contents are made a little change or be modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, but every content that does not break away from technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification that foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. liquefied natural gas storage tanks, in order to store LNG Liquefied natural gas, described liquefied natural gas storage tanks is characterised in that and comprises:
Thermal insulation wall and sealing layer; And
Safety valve is installed in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, and is set to: when the pressure in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks surpassed cutoff pressure, described safety valve can be opened,
Wherein, described safety valve has two or more different cutoff pressures.
2. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
, according to the amount that is stored in the LNG Liquefied natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, make described safety valve have different cutoff pressures.
3. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described safety valve has: from about 0.25 bar or the lower and cutoff pressure selected and higher than any to about 2 selected cutoff pressures of bar of about 0.25 bar.
4. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
According to the amount that is stored in the LNG Liquefied natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, the described cutoff pressure of described safety valve is set as: approximately 0.25 bar and approximately any of 0.4 bar.
5. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
According to the amount that is stored in the LNG Liquefied natural gas in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, the described cutoff pressure of described safety valve is set as: approximately 0.25 bar and approximately any of 0.7 bar.
6. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described liquefied natural gas storage tanks that comprises described safety valve is to be installed in the lng regas boats and ships,
Described lng regas boats and ships comprise: through the unit that gasifies again with the LNG Liquefied natural gas that will be stored in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks is set.
7. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described liquefied natural gas storage tanks that comprises described safety valve is to be installed in floating to store and regasification unit,
Described floating stores and regasification unit comprises: through the unit that gasifies again with the LNG Liquefied natural gas that will be stored in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks is set.
8. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described liquefied natural gas storage tanks that comprises described safety valve is to be installed in liquified natural gas carrier (LNGC).
9. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described cutoff pressure of described safety valve can be set to the first pressure and the second pressure, and
Described safety valve can change described cutoff pressure and arrive any of described the first pressure and described the second pressure,
Described the second pressure is lower than described the first pressure.
10. liquefied natural gas storage tanks according to claim 9 is characterized in that:
When described LNG Liquefied natural gas was loaded into described liquefied natural gas storage tanks, described the first pressure was the cutoff pressure of described safety valve, and
When the described LNG Liquefied natural gas that is stored in described liquefied natural gas storage tanks evaporate and the volatilization gas that produces, while being discharged to described liquefied natural gas storage tanks outside, described the second pressure is the cutoff pressure of described safety valve, and thereby the amount that is stored in the described LNG Liquefied natural gas of described liquefied natural gas storage tanks can reduce.
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CN101245892A (en) 2008-08-20
CN103398284B (en) 2016-08-10
EP1956287A2 (en) 2008-08-13
CN101245897B (en) 2010-06-02
CN101245892B (en) 2014-09-24
KR100805022B1 (en) 2008-02-20
CN101245893B (en) 2010-06-02

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