CN103385148A - Cherry stunting and condensed planting technology - Google Patents
Cherry stunting and condensed planting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103385148A CN103385148A CN2013102891222A CN201310289122A CN103385148A CN 103385148 A CN103385148 A CN 103385148A CN 2013102891222 A CN2013102891222 A CN 2013102891222A CN 201310289122 A CN201310289122 A CN 201310289122A CN 103385148 A CN103385148 A CN 103385148A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cherry stunting and condensed planting technology, which belongs to a cherry planting technology of grafting a suited cherry young seedling on a stunted cherry rootstock, controlling the growth of the young seedling, shaping in three years and fruiting in four years, and comprises the following steps of grafting, planting and management after planting. Compared with the prior art, the cherry stunting and condensed planting technology has the advantages that the planting quantity per unit is large, the land utilization rate is high, the yield per unit is high, the time to market is early, the production cost is reduced, the mouthfeel of cherry fruits is good, and the like.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of planting fruit trees technology, relates in particular to a kind of planting technology of cherry.
Background technology cherry fruit maturation in deciduous fruit tree the earliest, is " all kinds of fruits are first ", and fruit colour is bright-coloured, and is exquisite sparkling and crystal-clear, the tender succulence of fruit meat, and sweet acid is good to eat, and is nutritious, and outward appearance and interior quality are all good, are described as " treasure really ".Just because of the U.S. valency of large cherry thing is high, existing a lot of regional popularizing plantings, traditional cherry planting technology has two kinds, and the one, the field planting under the open country condition, another is cultivation in booth with protecting; There is following shortcoming in these two kinds traditional cherry planting technologies: 1, unit plantation amount is little, and land utilization rate is low; 2, specific yield is low; 3, Time To Market is more late; 4, the cost of artificial and chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals is high; So traditional cherry plantation also belongs to the production model of traditional farming, along with improving constantly of scientific and technological level, do not caught up with the demand of modern development, especially present soil is more and more nervous, and cost of labor is more and more higher, and therefore downgrading dense planting has become the trend of cherry plantation.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of unit plantation amount large, and land utilization rate is high, and specific yield is high, and Time To Market early, reduces production costs, and cherry fruit mouthfeel is good, and the cherry that stature is large is downgraded the dense planting technology.
The present invention is downgrading the cherry seedling that on cherry rootstock, grafting is fit to, by controlling growth of seedling, and a kind of cherry planting technology of typing in 3 years, four annual bearings, concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
(1) grafting
A, selection are without the serial cherry rootstock of the Gisela of damage by disease and insect, and for example Gisela 6, Gisela 7, Gisela 12 all can;
The twig without the damage by disease and insect cherry variety of B, selection market sale is as scion, as red light, U.S. morning, Sha Mituo, black pearl etc., with the scion grafting on above-mentioned stock, adopt the bud grafting method grafting, bud grafting method and existing grafting method are basic identical, for example: the "T"-shaped bud grafting method that this area is commonly used, perhaps (" agricultural knowledge " (large cherry band wood bud connects and grows seedlings); 02 phase in 1994; Yu Hongxin, Liu Jianjun; ) disclosed band wood bud connection;
Nursery stock management after C, grafting, manage identical with the common management after existing cherry grafting;
(2) field planting
A, next year, the Spring Equinox front 7 days of solar term to clear and bright solar term, deep ploughed in orchard or land for growing field crops, the soil pH value in orchard or land for growing field crops is 5.6~7.0, then dig out the plantation ditch of some wide 35-45cm, dark 30-40cm according to orchard or land for growing field crops landform, the spacing of every adjacent two plantation ditches is 1-1.5m; The plantation ditch can be planted nursery stock after digging, and in order effectively to eliminate a large amount of soil, buries insect, plants nursery stock after being preferably in the plantation ditch and digging in airing 3-5 days again;
B, the nursery stock of grafting is dug out, select the nursery stock that root development is good, growing way is good, for eliminating the nursery stock root disease, nursery stock is dipped in root processes, namely first will resist crown gall microbial inoculum K84 to mix and mix well the formation aqua by the weight ratio of 1:1-2 with water, then dip in root, the per kilogram aqua can be processed 40-50 nursery stock; Then, to dip in nursery stock plantation after root to planting in ditch, the spacing of every adjacent two nursery stocks is 1-1.5m, then waters permeable, second day, to the nursery stock earthing of plantation in ditch, the soil that is about to plant the ditch both sides covers to centre, and the width that buries soil is 40cm, like this, nursery stock on ridge, can be used as water channel and operation road between ridge, can effectively prevent drought and waterlogging;
(3) manage after field planting
A, management in the 1st year: after field planting, the fruit tree of the 1st year starts surely to do after germinateing, and cut off the top that is about to fruit tree trunk, guarantees that the distance of trunk top and grafting point is 45cm; The fertilising of the 1st year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, and composite fertilizer is this area composite fertilizer commonly used, and fertilizing amount is 0.3kg/; Management in the 1st year is divided by upper outside, and all the other management are basic identical with existing cherry tree common management;
B, management in the 2nd year: after field planting, the fertilising of the 2nd year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, and composite fertilizer is this area composite fertilizer commonly used, and fertilizing amount is 0.5kg/; Management in the 2nd year is divided by upper outside, and all the other management are basic identical with existing cherry tree common management;
C, management in the 3rd year: after field planting, the 3 three year seedling is a year of present technique key:
1. prune: late March is pruned fruit tree, first decaptitates and determines height, and making the fruit tree trunk height is 1.4-1.5m, and the fruit tree major branch stays 3 layers, and every layer 3-5, each major branch length 60-70cm;
2. spray: be to control the tree bulk-growth, increase single fruit weight, improve per mu yield, at mid or late March, to fruit tree, spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO one time, mid-May and mid or late July respectively spray and once spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO;
3. draw branch: in mid or late May to early or mid June, fruit tree is drawn the branch typing, at this moment the branch softness is fit to draw the branch typing, and method for drawing branches is identical with the method for drawing branches of existing fruit tree;
4. fertilising: after field planting, fertilising in the 3rd year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, and composite fertilizer is this area composite fertilizer commonly used, and fertilizing amount is 0.5kg/;
5. all the other management are substantially identical with existing common cherry tree management;
D, management in the 4th year: the 4th year fruit tree result of having finalized the design after field planting, at mid or late March with mid-May, each sprayed promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO one time to fruit tree; Execute once-combined fat and fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, composite fertilizer, fertilizer are this area product commonly used, fertilizing amount: composite fertilizer 0.5kg/, fertilizer 0.5kg/; Management in the 4th year is divided by upper outside, and all the other management are substantially identical with existing cherry tree management;
E, the 5th year and after: after field planting the 5th year and the management of each year later identical with the management of the 4th year.
Present technique can be applicable to the ground such as Shandong, Dalian, stock is selected dwarfted varieties Gisela series, the cherry variety of high-quality is selected in scion, reaches the technology of typing in 3 years, four annual bearings by controlling growth of seedling, after the present technique application, can make cherry mu plantation amount reach 450, become fruit tree below 1.5 meters, limb overstriking but do not stretch, result quantities increases year by year, after 5 years, per mu yield can reach more than 2000 kilograms, realizes downgrading the effect of dense planting, increasing both production and income.The present invention compared with prior art has single fruit weight, mouthfeel is good, effectively improves land utilization rate, and the cost of saving artificial and agriculture chemical drops into, and the development that cherry picking is traveled has impetus, and the extensive exploitation application prospect is arranged.
Embodiment embodiment 1
(1) grafting
A, select Gisela 6 cherry rootstocks without damage by disease and insect.
B, selection without the beautiful early kind of damage by disease and insect as scion, adopt bud grafting method with the scion grafting to Gisela 6 cherry rootstocks, be that grafting was carried out in late March to April, front 10 days of bud grafting in the first tenday period of a month, the stock bottom is cut off far from the branch more than the 7~8cm of ground, at stock apart from 2~3cm place, ground, horizontal partial application, be about 1cm, the degree of depth is to cut off the stock cortex as degree, again from horizontal mouthful of middle partial application downward vertically, be about 1~1.2cm, be cut into "T"-shaped, then choose out the stock cortex with budding knife bone handle, choose out " T " notched cut on stock with budding knife, scion is inserted in otch, during insertion, the petiole of scion will be up, after insertion, make the scion upper end with the alignment of " T " font transverse incision, with plastic tape first from tie up the interface top, down twine gradually, leaf bud and petiole will be stayed outside, after surviving more than 10 day, bondage is removed, after this, cut anvil.
Nursery stock management after C, grafting, comprise and tie up the anti-folding of the tip: budder and will in time set up pillar while growing to 20-30cm, young sprout is fixed on pillar, in case by windbreak, broken; Rich water quality management: generally water 1 time water every about 20 days, in conjunction with watering, impose chemical fertilizer in good time, mid or late May, every mu imposes urea 5-10kg, and mid-July, every mu imposes diammonium phosphate 15kg left and right, will suitably control rich water later; The anti-worm of curing the disease: note the control to little grey weevil, prevent the harm of oriental fruit moth, early July, to early August, connects and sprays 250 times of volume formula bordeaux mixture twice.
(2) field planting
A, next year, the Spring Equinox front 7 days of solar term to clear and bright solar term, deep ploughed in land for growing field crops, the soil pH value in land for growing field crops is 5.6~7.0, then according to orchard or land for growing field crops landform, digs out the plantation ditch of some wide 40cm, dark 30cm, and the spacing of every adjacent two plantation ditches is 1.2m; Dig and planted again nursery stock in rear airing 3-5 days at the plantation ditch.
B, the nursery stock of grafting is dug out, selected the nursery stock that root development is good, growing way is good, first nursery stock is dipped in root and process, anti-crown gall microbial inoculum K84 is mixed and mixes well the formation aqua by the weight ratio of 1:2 with water, then dip in root, the per kilogram aqua can be processed 45 nursery stocks; Then, will dip in nursery stock plantation after root to planting in ditch, the spacing of every adjacent two fruit trees is 1.2m, then water permeable, second day, to the nursery stock earthing in the plantation ditch, the soil that is about to plant the ditch both sides covers to centre, the width that buries soil is 40cm.
(3) manage after field planting
A, management in the 1st year: after field planting, the fruit tree of the 1st year after germinateing is cut off the top of fruit tree trunk, and the distance of trunk top and grafting point is 45cm; Execute once-combined fertilizer in spring to fruit tree, fertilizing amount is 0.3kg/; All the other management, with to have the cherry tree common management now identical, were watered water one time in every two months, and in assurance soil, water content, in 15% left and right,, in rainy season,, if when rainwater is larger, be noted draining; Note extermination of disease and insect pest work, after rudiment, the young tip is subject to the harm such as chafer, caterpillar, aphid, rabbit, mouse, the dried sleeving plastic bag of cherry seedling after field planting, seedling are done and are bound barbed branch or be coated with lime sulfur dregs etc. and can prevent and treat, Zhan Yehou, chemical control aphid, leaf roller, caterpillar and two spotted spider mite etc., note artificial capture method simultaneously.
B, management in the 2nd year: after field planting, the fertilising of the 2nd year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring to fruit tree, and fertilizing amount is 0.5kg/; All the other management are identical with common management in the 1st year.
C, management in the 3rd year: after field planting, the 3 three year seedling is a year of present technique key:
1. prune: late March is pruned fruit tree, first decaptitates and determines height, and making the fruit tree trunk height is 1.45m, and the fruit tree major branch stays 3 layers, and every layer 3-5, each major branch length 70cm.
2. spray: be to control the tree bulk-growth, increase single fruit weight, improve per mu yield, at mid or late March, to fruit tree, spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO one time, mid-May and mid or late July respectively spray and once spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO.
3. draw branch: in mid or late May to early or mid June, fruit tree is drawn the branch typing, at this moment the branch softness is fit to draw the branch typing, method for drawing branches is identical with the method for drawing branches of existing fruit tree, available rope, iron wire etc. draw branch, and 70 °-120 ° of branch angles are held branch and upwards repeatedly promoted, again with about branch stoking repeatedly up and down, on the basis of stoking, branch is depressed into desired angle gradually, then with rope or thin wire etc., branch is fixed.
4. fertilising: after field planting, fertilising in the 3rd year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring to fruit tree, and fertilizing amount is 0.5kg/.
5.; All the other management are identical with common management in the 1st year.
D, management in the 4th year: the 4th year fruit tree result of having finalized the design after field planting, at mid or late March with mid-May, each sprayed promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO one time to fruit tree; Execute once-combined fat and fertilizer to fruit tree in the fall, composite fertilizer, fertilizer are this area product commonly used, fertilizing amount: composite fertilizer 0.5kg/, fertilizer 0.5kg/; Management in the 4th year is divided by upper outside, and all the other management are identical with common management in the 1st year.
E, the 5th year and after: after field planting the 5th year and the management of each year later identical with the management of the 4th year.
Composite fertilizer in embodiment 1 and fertilizer are commercially available conventional products, and wherein composite fertilizer is the Sa Kefu board 15-20-10 compound fertilizer (total nutrient 〉=45%, net content 50kg/ bag) that profit agriculture fertile industry Co., Ltd in Shandong produces; Fertilizer is sky enlightening sunlight 100 organic manure that Yantai Zhong Hui chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd produces, (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 〉=6%, organic 〉=30%, net content 25kg/ bag).
Embodiment 2(application implementation)
Select each 5 mu, adjacent plot, land for growing field crops, experimental group embodiment 1 technology, contrast groups is used the folium isatidis stock, and scion is the beautiful early cherry branch under adopting in same garden with embodiment 1, and bud grafting method is all used in grafting, and the field planting time is identical;
The spacing 1.2m of plantation ditch after the experimental group field planting, the spacing 1.2m of adjacent two fruit trees, plantation is 2300 fruit trees approximately, and contrast groups is used ordinary skill, the spacing 3m of plantation ditch, the spacing 4m of adjacent two fruit trees, plantation is about 300, after field planting the 4th year, experimental group fruit tree height is below 1.5m, whole results, more than single fruit weight 10g, per mu yield 900kg; Contrast groups fruit tree height has surpassed more than 2m, indivedual a small amount of results of trees, and below single fruit weight 7g, gross yield only has 200kg; Agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, labour cost experimental group were 21200 yuan in 4 years, and contrast groups is 26800 yuan; After field planting the 5th year, experimental group fruit tree height was below 1.5m, more than single fruit weight 10g, and per mu yield 2100kg, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, labour cost were 4800 yuan in single year; More than the high 2.5m of contrast groups fruit tree, below single fruit weight 8g, per mu yield 900kg, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, labour cost were 7400 yuan in single year, the experimental group fruit maturation time is compared 9 days in advance with contrast groups, and mouthfeel is good; After field planting the 6th year, experimental group fruit tree height was still below 1.5m, limb overstriking but do not stretch, and more than single fruit weight 12g, per mu yield 2200kg, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, labour cost were 6400 yuan in single year; Contrast groups fruit tree height has surpassed more than 2.5m, below single fruit weight 10g, and per mu yield 1200kg; Agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, labour cost were 9300 yuan in single year, and the experimental group fruit maturation time is compared 7 days in advance with contrast groups, and mouthfeel is good.
Claims (4)
1. a cherry is downgraded the dense planting technology, it is characterized in that:
(1) grafting
A, selection are without the serial cherry rootstock of the Gisela of damage by disease and insect;
B, select cherry variety twig without damage by disease and insect as scion, the scion grafting on above-mentioned stock, is adopted the bud grafting method grafting;
Nursery stock management after C, grafting;
(2) field planting
A, next year, the Spring Equinox front 7 days of solar term to clear and bright solar term, deep ploughed in orchard or land for growing field crops, the soil pH value in orchard or land for growing field crops is 5.6~7.0, then according to orchard or land for growing field crops landform, digs out the plantation ditch of wide 35-45cm, dark 30-40cm, and the spacing of every adjacent two plantation ditches is 1-1.5m; After digging, the plantation ditch can plant nursery stock;
B, the nursery stock of grafting is dug out, nursery stock is dipped in root process, namely first will resist crown gall microbial inoculum K84 to mix and mix well the formation aqua by the weight ratio of 1:1-2 with water, then dip in root, the per kilogram aqua can be processed 40-50 nursery stock; Then, will dip in nursery stock plantation after root to planting in ditch, the spacing of every adjacent two nursery stocks is 1-1.5m, then water permeable, second day, to the nursery stock earthing in the plantation ditch, the soil that is about to plant the ditch both sides covers to centre, the width that buries soil is 40cm;
(3) manage after field planting
A, management in the 1st year: after field planting, the fruit tree of the 1st year starts surely to do after germinateing, and guarantees that the distance of trunk top and grafting point is 45cm; The fertilising of the 1st year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, and fertilizing amount is 0.3kg/;
B, management in the 2nd year: after field planting, the fertilising of the 2nd year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, and fertilizing amount is 0.5kg/;
C, management in the 3rd year:
1. prune: late March is pruned fruit tree, first decaptitates and determines height, and making the fruit tree trunk height is 1.4-1.5m, and the fruit tree major branch stays 3 layers, and every layer 3-5, each major branch length 60-70cm;
2. spray: spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO at mid or late March one time to fruit tree, mid-May and mid or late July respectively spray and once spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO;
3. draw branch: in mid or late May to early or mid June, fruit tree is drawn the branch typing;
4. fertilising: after field planting, fertilising in the 3rd year is to execute once-combined fertilizer in spring or autumn to fruit tree, and fertilizing amount is 0.5kg/;
D, management in the 4th year: at mid or late March and mid-May, respectively to fruit tree, spray promoting and controlling agent for fruit tree PBO one time; Execute once-combined fat and fertilizer to fruit tree, fertilizing amount in spring or autumn: composite fertilizer 0.5kg/, fertilizer 0.5kg/;
E, the 5th year and after: after field planting the 5th year and the management of each year later identical with the management of the 4th year.
2. cherry according to claim 1 is downgraded the dense planting technology, it is characterized in that: the plantation ditch digs planted nursery stock in rear airing 3-5 days again.
3. cherry according to claim 1 is downgraded the dense planting technology, it is characterized in that: the spacing of every adjacent two plantation ditches is 1.2m.
4. cherry according to claim 1 is downgraded the dense planting technology, it is characterized in that: the spacing of every adjacent two nursery stocks is 1.2m.
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103891572A (en) * | 2014-03-15 | 2014-07-02 | 杨凌华丰苗木有限公司 | Method for breeding dwarfed interstock cherry seedlings |
CN104798650A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | V-shaped dwarfing compact planting cultivation method for cherries |
CN104823794A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-12 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Cherry grafting and cutting propagation method |
CN106258320A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2017-01-04 | 吴军 | The cultural method that Fructus Fici is downgraded |
CN106717414A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 任玉珍 | A kind of management method of sophora bud volume increase |
CN106962103A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of cherry cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting |
CN107087501A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-25 | 柳州市跃坤农业开发有限公司 | Cherry tree engrafting method |
CN107223511A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-03 | 明光市泰丰新材料有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of promotion cherry high yield |
CN108605613A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | It downgrades large cherry and grafts planting culture method |
CN115316184A (en) * | 2022-08-28 | 2022-11-11 | 赵彬 | High-density cultivation method for large cherries |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103891572A (en) * | 2014-03-15 | 2014-07-02 | 杨凌华丰苗木有限公司 | Method for breeding dwarfed interstock cherry seedlings |
CN104798650A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 西北农林科技大学 | V-shaped dwarfing compact planting cultivation method for cherries |
CN104823794A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-12 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Cherry grafting and cutting propagation method |
CN106258320A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2017-01-04 | 吴军 | The cultural method that Fructus Fici is downgraded |
CN106717414A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 任玉珍 | A kind of management method of sophora bud volume increase |
CN108605613A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | It downgrades large cherry and grafts planting culture method |
CN106962103A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of cherry cultivation method for dwarfing and early fruiting |
CN107087501A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-25 | 柳州市跃坤农业开发有限公司 | Cherry tree engrafting method |
CN107223511A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-03 | 明光市泰丰新材料有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of promotion cherry high yield |
CN115316184A (en) * | 2022-08-28 | 2022-11-11 | 赵彬 | High-density cultivation method for large cherries |
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Application publication date: 20131113 |