CN103385100B - Method for promoting grassiness to overwinter in situ at Jiangsu coastal mud flat - Google Patents
Method for promoting grassiness to overwinter in situ at Jiangsu coastal mud flat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting grassiness to overwinter in situ at the Jiangsu coastal mud flat. The method comprises the steps of after overground parts of the grassiness are cut in the area at the December of last winter, remaining the stubbles for 10-20cm; taking and crashing part of the leaves of the overground parts, doping the leaves with less soil mixed fertilizer and fully mixing with the soil of a cultivation field, and performing stack closing around the grassiness stubbles, slightly compacting, and sheathing a commercial available black plastic garbage bag, sealing with humid soil at the periphery of the bag edge, and slightly exposing the bag top; when the temperature is lower than 5 DEG C below zero, overlapping a black film and a certain number of grassiness bundles; and after the temperature rises to 13-17 DEG C at May of the next year, sectioning the bag top exposing out of the ground to promote the new sprout to germinate and grow, thus solving the problem of the grassiness overwintering in situ locally.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cultivation method, particularly a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position.
Background technology
Jiangsu Coastal Plain district is located in middle latitude, belongs to the area of north subtropical weather warm temperate climate transition to the south.Because facing the Huanghai Sea in east, ocean regulating action is very obvious, also belongs to moistening monsoon climatic region.The principal character in this district is: monsoon is prevailing, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and has plenty of rain, and in rain same season of heat, sunshine is sufficient, and frost-free season is long.For a long time, one's respective area is the important production base of herbage always, napier grass, i.e. and napier-grass, grass family Pennisetum, is a kind of herbaceos perennial in south, a kind of important large-scale herbage of recently introducing for this locality.Napier grass, as a kind of important large-scale and warm season pasture crop, is introduced a fine variety for many years at tidal flat of Jiangsu Province.For field production, in one's respective area, exist a difficult problem that is difficult to overwintering all the time.After harvesting in winter, often to build booth facility, to carry out strange land and keep a full stand of seedings, the cost of its transplanting, transportation, child care is huge, thereby has limited its further popularization in this area.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, and the method can realize napier grass child care in position with lower cost.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
(1) late fall cold acclimation with the suitable phosphorus potash fertilizer of executing, under cryogenic conditions in late fall in November then, control soil moisture content 40-60% (weight) between napier grass cultivation field, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer 20-30kg/ mu, and spray 300-400 plant antifreezing agent solution doubly, the deep ploughing of hoeing up weeds, promote napier grass overground part to finish growth, be beneficial to its tissue and enrich, extend the integration time of nutriment, and promote nutriment to shift to rhizome portion;
(2) napier grass cradles and processes, when December in winter, temperature are down to 5 ℃ then, napier grass to field production, after cradling with sharp sword, retaining root stubble is highly 10-20cm, wipe out unnecessary branches and leaves and sick leaf, get the branches and leaves chopping of the water content 10-20% (weight) of part napier grass overground part natural air drying, granularity is 1-2cm;
(3) make napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material, get farmers''s farmyard manure of water content 10-30% (weight), by granularity in itself and step (2), be the napier grass branches and leaves particle of 1-2cm water content 10-20% (weight) with the ratio of 1: 2 at the edge of a field or a head fully mix, be transported between napier grass cultivation field;
(4) napier grass rhizome heap grave weir and overlay film, in field, mass ratio by the field soil of napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material in step (3) and water content 50-60% (weight) with 3: 7 fully mixes, if moisture deficit, can water and drench loose stool water or light rich water, mixture is sealed into mound shape around napier grass root stubble heap, 50-60 centimetre of its diameter, high 25-35 centimetre, and entangled and tied with the black plastic refuse bag of commercially available corresponding size, around tamp with larger moistening soil block on bag limit again, and soil table is exposed on bag top;
(5) strengthen heat and moisture preserving between napier grass cultivation field, at temperature, reach-5 ℃ and when following, in field, add and cover black plastic film, and with 2/m
2napier grass bundle is placed on described black plastic film;
(6) cut the short bud of film, next year, at the beginning of 5 months, when ground temperature reaches 13-17 ℃, clips the bag top of exposing soil table in step (4), and napier grass sprouting gets final product germination and growth, now applies total nutrient>=55.0%, wherein N-P
2o
5-K
2o is 11-44-0 MAP, amount of application 25-35kg/ mu;
(7) strengthen weeds and remove and rich water quality management, to June, remove napier grass seedling strain inter-row weed, and impose total nutrient>=55.0%, wherein N-P one time
2o
5-K
2o is 11-44-0 MAP, and amount of application 50kg/ mu, enters thereafter conventional field management.
The method that above-mentioned napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, farmers''s farmyard manure described in described step (3) is to be formed by pig ox chicken manure, agriculture and forestry offcuts, ash content and agro-product processing residue mixing retting or composting, basic fermentation is complete, water content 10-30%.
Above-mentioned a kind of promotion in method that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, employing is to napier grass cold acclimation, before winter, cradled, add and cover grave mound, black film covers, the branches and leaves after cradling are overlying on it again and carry out cold-resistant insulation, effective like this frostbite that has prevented napier grass axillalry bud and indefinite bud, has reached more than 80% the napier grass success rate of emerging in position; The original position of napier grass rhizome is survived the winter simultaneously, and having overcome prior art needs construction, the rhizome of booth facility to shift out the plant development costs such as shift-in, strange land transportation, artificial child care, has guaranteed its low cost, perennial, continuable production, has improved planting benefit.Napier grass rhizome original position is survived the winter, the farming repeatedly of former plantation field soil, exposed and disturbance have been avoided, improved cover index, reduced surface evaporation, thereby further reduced soil salt, the perennial characteristic of napier grass is embodied, realized the improvement of utilized solonchak and restoration of the ecosystem.The mixing of farmers''s farmyard manure and napier grass particle is used, not only can promote that the fermentation of napier grass biological material heats, the slaking that also can promote the unnecessary stalk of napier grass is field also, therefore be conducive to lack for nitrogen stress to a certain extent beach soil increase Organic carbon and nitrogen and the phosphorus content of phosphorus, further promote the slaking of salt-affected soil to form.The present invention have gather materials on the spot, the important feature such as light letter is convenient, with low cost, successful, not only be conducive to the reparation improvement of coastal saline soil, but also be conducive to the raising of solonchak planting benefit, even for other area of middle latitude, this technology also has certain application value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the view of napier grass rhizome while surviving the winter.
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram of survival rate after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter.
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram of soil organic matter after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter 3 years.
Fig. 4 is the comparison diagram of rhizosphere soil pH value after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter 3 years.
Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram of the water-soluble total salt content of rhizosphere soil after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter 3 years.
Fig. 6 is the comparison diagram of rhizosphere soil total nitrogen content after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter 3 years.
Fig. 7 is the comparison diagram of rhizosphere soil content of tatal phosphorus after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter 3 years.
Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram of the full potassium content of rhizosphere soil after napier grass of the present invention survives the winter 3 years.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province is coastal, the middle and south, reclamation area, Dongchuan, and East Platform, great Feng two city's intersections, outside the old sea wall in Dafeng Milu Reserve, position, test region: 120 ° 50 ' 45 of east longitude "; 32 ° 59 ' 40 of north latitude ".14 ℃ of the long-term mean temperature of air in this district; Average annual precipitation 1000mm, evaporation discharge 1000-1500mm, average annual sunshine duration more than 2200 hour; Community soil plough horizon 0-20cm soil salt content is 2.0g/kg-4.5g/kg, and average ground elevation is 3.4 meters, and the content of organic matter is 2.92g/kg; PH value is 8.5 left and right, full N:0.26g/kg, full P:0.35g/kg, full K:29.20g/kg.Test after 2010 and carry out continuously, community area 30m
2(5m * 6m), and in triplicate.Plantation crop species is napier grass (N51), and contrast and processing are all in same test site.
The main effect of implementing link and the ecological effect of napier grass and soil being improved is as follows:
(1) preferred plot, plays furrow trench digging, constructs community, the napier grass of planting, freeze proof management.
Then by the end of April, at the beginning of 5 months, select the plot that soil salt is lower (salt content 3.0g/kg is following), apply routinely base manure (fertilizer, composite fertilizer or farmyard manure), utilize machinery to plough soil, and surface soil harrowed broken.Play furrow trench digging, construct community, community furrow face width 5m, long 6m, furrow width 30cm, dark 20cm, in order to discharging field ponding.On furrow face, dig the shallow hole napier grass (now seedling is cuttage seeding) of planting, every community 8 row, approximately 10 strains of every row, the about 50cm of strain spacing, the about 60cm of line space; Plant the initial stage, strengthen water and fertilizer management and remove weeds in field, after this field management is comparatively extensive.Napier grass early growth is comparatively slow, to June, just enter and tiller fast and vegetative period, and almost with linear velocity, grow to by the end of October, as forage grass, during can cradle results once.Grow and slow down to some extent November along with mercury dropped, and frequently can be subject to the invasion and attack of cold current and cause frostbite, now, under late fall stable cryogenic conditions, controls field moisture, uses in right amount phosphorus potash fertilizer, and spray about 300-400 plant antifreezing agent solution doubly.The deep ploughing of hoeing up weeds, promotes napier grass overground part to finish growth, is beneficial to its tissue and enriches, and the integration time of prolongation nutriment, and promote nutriment to shift to rhizome portion.The dehydration gradually of plant overground part in December, jaundice withered.As living beings or sheet material, process raw material, after December, in its overground part water content, be down to 20% and can enter harvesting period when following.
(2) cradle toothing, mixing mound and film envelope stubble
Napier grass was cradled December in winter, 5 ℃ of left and right of mean temperature of air now, precipitation is lower than 100mm, sunshine about 150h, napier grass overground part cauline leaf is sallow, water content is down to 10%-20%.Napier grass is cut to rear stubble and carry out child care processing, stubble height is 10-20cm; Napier grass overground part natural air drying branches and leaves (water content 10-20%) are shredded, granularity is 1-2cm, farmers''s farmyard manure with water content 10-30% (weight), be that local farmers' is formed by animal dung, agriculture and forestry offcuts, ash content and agro-product processing residue mixing composting, basic fermentation is complete, water content 10-30%; By itself and granularity, be first the napier grass branches and leaves particle of 1-2cm water content 10-20% (weight) with the ratio of 1: 2 at the edge of a field or a head mix, be transported to again field and napier grass root stubble around the soil of water content 50-60% (weight) with the mass ratio of 3: 7, fully mix, around napier grass root stubble heap, seal into mound shape, with commercially available black plastic refuse bag, entangled and tied, around tamp with larger moistening soil block on bag limit again, and soil table is exposed on bag top.At temperature, reach-5 ℃ and when following, in field, add (approximately 2/m of the napier grass bundles of the some of covering black plastic film and gathering in the crops
2), in order to thermal insulation wetting.
(3) cut film and stay soil, execute seed manure, cut weeds.
Next year, at the beginning of 5 months, reaches 13-17 ℃ constantly at ground temperature, and the bag top of exposing soil table is clipped, and napier grass sprouting gets final product germination and growth, now applies total nutrient>=55.0%, wherein N-P
2o
5-K
2o is the MAP of 11-44-0, and amount of application 25-35kg/ mu, needn't irrigate separately, take natural precipitation as main.Thereafter June, emphasis was removed napier grass inter-row weed, and imposed MAP one time, and specification is the same, amount of application 30-50kg/ mu.Enter conventional field management thereafter.
Embodiment 1 gained napier grass survive the winter effect and to the ecological effect of soil as shown in Fig. 2-8.
As shown in Figure 2, utilize the technology of the present invention, the utmost point has improved napier grass root stubble significantly in the survival rate in May next year, repeat on average to have reached 80.67% three times, and contrast is only 1%.Result shows, the technology of the present invention is survived the winter and had good facilitation in the original position of this area for napier grass, and has stronger stability, and the correlated condition that this technology is listed has also obtained good check.
As shown in Figure 3, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the organic carbon content in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, each soil organic carbon between repeating is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).The average organic carbon content of napier grass original position milpa soil has reached 4.76g/kg, than contrast, also exceeds approximately 56%, more than the average organic carbon content 2.24g/kg in solonchak wasteland, exceeds more than one times, and this technology has obviously promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter as seen.
As shown in Figure 4, utilize the technology of the present invention, reduced more significantly the pH value in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, each soil pH value between repeating is all starkly lower than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere soil pH value is about 7.77, and significantly, lower than 8.47 of contrast, result shows, adopts this technology can promote the remarkable improvement of napier grass rhizosphere soil physicochemical character.
As shown in Figure 5, utilize the technology of the present invention, reduced more significantly the water-soluble total salinity in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, each total salt content of soil between repeating is all starkly lower than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).The average total salt content of rhizosphere soil is about 2.53g/kg, significantly lower than the 4.47g/kg of the contrast (measurement result of accumulation of salt in the surface soil peak period on October 15th, 2012, the initial total salt content in test region is about 4.50g/kg), result shows, adopt this technology can obviously reduce the moisture evaporation on napier grass rhizosphere soil surface, promote the reduction that Water-soluble salts divides, significantly improved soil ecology proterties.
As shown in Figure 6, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the total nitrogen content in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, each total nitrogen content of soil between repeating is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere total nitrogen content of soil is about 0.41g/kg, be significantly higher than the 0.31g/kg (in December, 2012 napier grass measurement result) after cradling of contrast, result shows, adopts this technology can obviously improve napier grass rhizosphere soil nitrogen pool, promotes slaking and the improvement of soil from face.
As shown in Figure 7, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the full phosphorus amount in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, each total Phosphorus In Soil content between repeating is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere total Phosphorus In Soil content is about 0.47g/kg, apparently higher than the 0.43g/kg of contrast (in December, 2012 napier grass measurement result) after cradling, result shows, adopts this technology can obviously improve napier grass rhizosphere soil total phosphorus content, thereby promotes slaking and the improvement of soil.
As shown in Figure 8, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the full potassium content in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, each total potassium content of soil between repeating is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere total Phosphorus In Soil content is about 42.6g/kg, apparently higher than the 30.2g/kg of contrast (in December, 2012 napier grass measurement result) after cradling, result shows, adopts this technology can obviously improve the total potassium content of napier grass rhizosphere soil, thereby promotes slaking and the improvement of soil.
A kind of above-mentioned method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, its core is to utilize the fermentation of profitable strain, napier grass branches and leaves particle and soil mixture in the warm property fertilizer such as muck and farmyard manure slowly to heat, and seal up the growth that mound can be napier grass axillalry bud and indefinite bud and provide steam to guarantee, separately adding black film and covering grass promotes sunlight heat to absorb, more be conducive to improve and keep ground temperature, fully to guarantee that axillalry bud and the indefinite bud of napier grass do not freezed to death, be beneficial to the smooth origin and development in its coming year.Simultaneously, the slaking of the related farmyard manure of this method, napier grass branches and leaves particle is returned field and seals up mound also consistent with the cultivation management measure of napier grass seedling, met the initial requirement of the origin and development of its seedling to nutrient and moisture, there is obvious rich water effect, promoted napier grass to send out seedling neat and sent out a strong sprout, having formed a kind of original position to large-scale warm season herbage napier grass pattern of growing seedlings.Adopt a kind of above-mentioned method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, realize napier grass original position and survive the winter and keep a full stand of seedings, through measuring and calculating, with prior art and build the conventional methods such as booth and compare, cost-saving 500 yuan per mu.
Claims (2)
1. promote the method that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, comprise the following steps:
(1) late fall cold acclimation with the suitable phosphorus potash fertilizer of executing, under cryogenic conditions in late fall in November then, control soil moisture content 40-60% (weight) between napier grass cultivation field, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer 20-30kg/ mu, and spray 300-400 plant antifreezing agent solution doubly, the deep ploughing of hoeing up weeds, promote napier grass overground part to finish growth, be beneficial to its tissue and enrich, extend the integration time of nutriment, and promote nutriment to shift to rhizome portion;
(2) napier grass cradles and processes, when December in winter, temperature are down to 5 ℃ then, napier grass to field production, after cradling with sharp sword, retaining root stubble is highly 10-20cm, wipe out unnecessary branches and leaves and sick leaf, get the branches and leaves chopping of the water content 10-20% (weight) of part napier grass overground part natural air drying, granularity is 1-2cm;
(3) make napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material, get farmers''s farmyard manure of water content 10-30% (weight), by granularity in itself and step (2), be the napier grass branches and leaves particle of 1-2cm water content 10-20% (weight) with the ratio of 1: 2 at the edge of a field or a head fully mix, be transported between napier grass cultivation field;
(4) napier grass rhizome heap grave weir and overlay film, in field, mass ratio by the field soil of napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material in step (3) and water content 50-60% (weight) with 3: 7 fully mixes, if moisture deficit, water and drench loose stool water or light rich water, mixture is sealed into mound shape around napier grass root stubble heap, 50-60 centimetre of its diameter, high 25-35 centimetre, and entangled and tied with the black plastic refuse bag of commercially available corresponding size, around tamp with larger moistening soil block on bag limit again, and soil table is exposed on bag top;
(5) strengthen heat and moisture preserving between napier grass cultivation field, at temperature, reach-5 ℃ and when following, in field, add and cover black plastic film, and with 2/m
2napier grass bundle is placed on described black plastic film;
(6) cut the short bud of film, next year, at the beginning of 5 months, when ground temperature reaches 13-17 ℃, clips the bag top of exposing soil table in step (4), and napier grass sprouting gets final product germination and growth, now applies total nutrient>=55.0%, wherein N-P
2o
5-K
2o is the MAP of 11-44-0, amount of application 25-35kg/ mu;
(7) strengthen weeds and remove and rich water quality management, to June, remove napier grass seedling strain inter-row weed, and impose total nutrient>=55.0%, wherein N-P one time
2o
5-K
2o is the MAP of 11-44-0, and amount of application 50kg/ mu, enters thereafter conventional field management.
2. a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position according to claim 1, farmers''s farmyard manure described in described step (3) is to be formed by pig ox chicken manure, agriculture and forestry offcuts, ash content and agro-product processing residue mixing retting or composting, basic fermentation is complete, water content 10-30%.
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| CN104813832A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 黄彩红 | Cultivation method of sweet elephant grass |
| CN107396743A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-28 | 贵州平坝康农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of wintering method of Jujun grasses |
| CN108925326B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-05-25 | 遵义师范学院 | Overwintering method of pennisetum sinese roxb |
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| SU1464963A1 (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-03-15 | Научно-исследовательский зональный институт садоводства Нечерноземной полосы | Method of growing high-trunk seedlings of fruit trees on clone stock |
| SU1628947A1 (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1991-02-23 | Украинское Республиканское Объединение "Укрсортсемовощ" Госагропрома Ссср | A method of growing the seeds of biennial vegetable fodder and technical crops |
| US20120047799A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Kejay Investments Inc. | Method for over wintering root crops |
| CN102172147B (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2013-01-02 | 天津师范大学 | Method for improving winter resistance of turf by adopting garbage compost filtrate |
| CN102265749A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-12-07 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Method for promoting wintering rate of pennisetum alopecuroides |
| CN103109675A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-05-22 | 雷学军 | Quick-growing high-yield and high-efficiency carbon-catching cultivation method of pennisetum alopecuroides and pennisetum purpureum schumach |
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