CN103384140A - Frequency mixer and relevant frequency mixing method - Google Patents

Frequency mixer and relevant frequency mixing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103384140A
CN103384140A CN2012101335234A CN201210133523A CN103384140A CN 103384140 A CN103384140 A CN 103384140A CN 2012101335234 A CN2012101335234 A CN 2012101335234A CN 201210133523 A CN201210133523 A CN 201210133523A CN 103384140 A CN103384140 A CN 103384140A
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frequency
mixer
signal
differential
transistor
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CN2012101335234A
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陈宪谷
张家润
陈家源
林盈熙
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Realtek Semiconductor Corp
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Realtek Semiconductor Corp
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Priority to CN2012101335234A priority Critical patent/CN103384140A/en
Publication of CN103384140A publication Critical patent/CN103384140A/en
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Abstract

Provided are a frequency mixer and a relevant frequency mixing method. The frequency mixer comprises a transformer and a frequency mixing circuit. The transformer is used for receiving an input signal to generate differential action output. The frequency mixing circuit is connected to the transformer in a coupled mode and is used for conducting frequency mixing on the differential action output and N oscillator signals with different phases to generate a plurality of frequency mixing output signals, wherein the N is larger than two.

Description

Frequency mixer and relevant frequency mixing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, relate in particular to a kind of frequency mixer and frequency mixing method thereof of wireless communication field, can be used for input signal and leggy oscillator signal are carried out mixing.
Background technology
In wireless communication field, frequency mixer (mixer) is important and indispensable important document, no matter be in receiver or reflector, all needs to utilize frequency mixer to carry out the transfer of signal frequency.For example, frequency mixer in receiver need will from antenna reception to, and the radiofrequency signal after amplifying via amplifier carries out frequency reducing with local oscillator signal, obtains an intermediate-freuqncy signal or a fundamental frequency signal, processes (demodulation) for subsequent demodulation.
A kind of common mixer architecture is Gilbert cell (Gilbert cell) framework, and this framework is differential right by what splice, and input signal and oscillator signal are carried out mixing, and then makes the frequency upgrading of input signal or be reduced to target band.Yet, use this framework often easily to produce the high frequency distortion phenomenon, this phenomenon particularly when carrying out mixing, the oscillator signal with leggy easily occurs.Reason is when the Gilbert cell framework will be realized the mixing of leggy, and it is more differential right to utilize.Thus, the equivalent capacity of input increases thereupon, makes the related raising of time constant, and then causes the frequency range decline of frequency mixer not good with high frequency response, produces the problem of distorted signals.Because the input signal of frequency mixer may be the radiofrequency signal of high frequency, so, the problem of distorted signals is with even more serious.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of mixer architecture and relevant frequency mixing method of innovation.
One embodiment of the invention provide a kind of frequency mixer, and this frequency mixer comprises a transformer and a mixting circuit.This transformer produces a differential output in order to receive an input signal.This mixting circuit is coupled to this transformer, and in order to this differential output and N the oscillator signal with out of phase are carried out mixing, to produce a plurality of mixer output signals, wherein N is greater than 2.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of frequency mixing method, and this frequency mixing method comprises: utilize a transformer to receive an input signal, to produce a differential output; And utilize a mixting circuit that this differential output and N the oscillator signal with out of phase are carried out mixing, to produce a plurality of mixer output signals, wherein N is greater than 2.
The present invention utilizes transformer as the input stage of frequency mixer, and the function of signal coupling is provided.Because the inductive element in transformer can produce resonance with the equivalent capacity of frequency mixer input, therefore, even if in the situation of leggy mixing, frequency mixer of the present invention still can be possessed good high frequency response.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of frequency mixer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of frequency mixer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the another embodiment of frequency mixer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment again of frequency mixer of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of frequency mixer of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of an embodiment of frequency mixing method of the present invention.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
100,200,300,400,500 frequency mixers
110,510 transformers
112,114,512,514 coils
120,220,320,420,520 mixting circuits
530,540 frequency mixing module
532,534,542,544 differential pair circuit
560,570 common mode feedback circuits
582,584,586 bias circuits
M0, M11～M42 transistor
R, R VARResistance
The OP amplifier
Embodiment
Below, will utilize a plurality of embodiment and graphic collocation to set forth content of the present invention.Under generalized concept of the present invention and category, these embodiment include variation and the revision for execution aspect of doing based on the present invention.In addition, hereinafter will arrange in pairs or groups for the explanation of these embodiment specifically graphic, but these graphic disclosed contents should not be considered as restriction of the present invention.The element or the symbol that have same numeral during difference is graphic should be regarded as having similar connotation, function or operating mode.
Please refer to Fig. 1, it is the Simple rack composition of an embodiment of frequency mixer of the present invention.As shown in the figure, frequency mixer 100 of the present invention includes a transformer 110 and a mixting circuit 120.Transformer 110 includes the first coil 112 and the second coil 114, in order to the input signal S of a single-ended pattern is converted to the output of a differential pattern, this differential output is comprised of signal Diff+ and Diff-, and in fact the first coil 112 and the second coil 114 can possess inductive element and realize by any.Signal Diff+ and Diff-can be input to respectively frequency mixing module A and the frequency mixing module B in mixting circuit 120, respectively with oscillator signal LO (0), LO (90), LO (180) and LO (270) mixing, wherein, the relativeness of the phase place of the digitized representation oscillator signal in bracket.Among frequency mixing module A, by signal Diff+ and the Diff-that transformer 110 produces, meeting and oscillator signal LO (0) and LO (180) mixing produce mixing output S OUT1+ with S OUT1-.And among frequency mixing module B, by signal Diff+ and the Diff-that transformer 110 produces, meeting and oscillator signal LO (90) and LO (270) mixing produce mixing output S OUT2+ with S OUT2-.Wherein, oscillator signal LO (0) and LO (180) may be one group of differential oscillation signal (phase difference that has each other 180 degree), and oscillator signal LO (90) is another group differential oscillation signal (phase difference that has each other 180 degree) with LO (270).The required frequency mixer of the orthogonal frequency division multiplex (MUX) that such mixing framework can be used for realizing (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, OFDM).In another embodiment shown in Figure 2, the transformer 210 in frequency mixer 200 of the present invention, by being different from the connection configuration shown in Fig. 1 embodiment, will be by signal S IN+ with S IN-differential the input that forms converts differential output Diff+ and Diff-to, and is coupled to mixting circuit 220.By mixting circuit 220, carry out mixing with oscillator signal LO (0), LO (90), LO (180) with LO (270) again, produce mixing output S OUT1+ with S OUT1-, and S OUT2+ with S OUT2-.In brief, the present invention mainly adopts transformer signal to be carried out conversion or the signal coupling of single-ended/differential pattern.In addition, the transformer in the present invention can be a balanced-to-unblanced transformer (balun).
In addition, although above embodiment is applicable to the oscillator signal of input signal and four phase places is carried out mixing (LO (0), LO (90), LO (180) and LO (270), but along with the demand on different designs, frequency mixer of the present invention still can be by suitable modification, and is applicable to the oscillator signal of more phase place.How Fig. 3 and embodiment shown in Figure 4 have showed based on aforesaid framework, are carried out the balanced-unbalanced conversion and/or are signal couplings by transformer, and the oscillator signal of differential output Diff+ and Diff-and eight-phase is carried out mixing.Please refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, it is the Organization Chart of other embodiment of frequency mixer of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, frequency mixer 300 can convert the input signal S of single-ended pattern to signal Diff+ and Diff-by transformer 110, and by mixting circuit 310, oscillator signal LO (0), LO (45), LO (90), LO (135), LO (180), LO (225), LO (270) and the LO (315) of signal Diff+ and Diff-and eight-phase carried out mixing again, to produce mixing output S OUT1+ with S OUT1-, S OUT2+ with S OUT2-, S OUT3+ with S OUT3-and S OUT4+ with S OUT4-.In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, frequency mixer 400 passes through transformer 110 with differential input signal S IN+ with S IN-convert signal Diff+ and Diff-to, to couple a signal to mixting circuit 410.By mixting circuit 410, oscillator signal LO (0), LO (45), LO (90), LO (135), LO (180), LO (225), LO (270) and LO (315) with signal Diff+ and Diff-and eight-phase carries out mixing again, produces mixing output S OUT1+ with S OUT1-, S OUT2+ with S OUT2-, S OUT3+ with S OUT3-and S OUT4+ with S OUT4-.As seen from the above embodiment, frequency mixer of the present invention can be with input signal (single-ended input signal S or differential input signal S IN+ with S IN-) with have the leggy oscillator signal and carry out mixing, and the number of phases for oscillator signal is unrestricted, in other embodiments of the invention, suitable modification (as: increasing more frequency mixing module) that only need be by mixting circuit, just can with input signal and more the oscillator signal of leggy carry out mixing.
Detailed circuit framework about frequency mixer of the present invention please refer to Fig. 5.Frequency mixer 500 is in order to a differential input signal S IN+ with S IN-carry out mixing with oscillator signal LO (I), LO (II) LO (III) and the LO (IV) of four phase places, to obtain mixing output S OUT1+ with S OUT1-with S OUT2+ with S OUT2-, be described in detail as follows.At first, transformer 510 by the first coil 512 and the second coil 514 with differential input signal S IN+ with S IN-be coupled to mixting circuit 520.Note that the configuration change along with transformer 510 connected modes, transformer 510 also can be used to convert single-ended input signal to the differential output signal, and couples it to mixting circuit 520, and such variation also belongs to category of the present invention.In addition, the equal any inductive element of the first coil 512 and the second coil 514.For example, the first coil 512 may be the inductive load of previous stage circuit.Mixting circuit 520 includes frequency mixing module 530 and frequency mixing module 540, and wherein, frequency mixing module 530 is used for by differential input signal S IN+ with S IN-signal the Diff+ that converts and Diff-and oscillator signal LO (I) and LO (II) mixing (preferably, having the phase differences of 180 degree between oscillator signal LO (I) and LO (II)) finally produce mixing and export S OUT1+ with S OUT1-.And frequency mixing module 540 is used for signal Diff+ and Diff-and oscillator signal LO (III) and LO (IV) mixing (preferably, the phase difference that has 180 degree between oscillator signal LO (III) and LO (IV)), finally produce mixing output S OUT2+ with S OUT2-.In addition, frequency mixing module 530 includes respectively again common mode feedback circuit 560 and 570 with frequency mixing module 540, in order to frequency mixing module 530 and the common-mode voltage of frequency mixing module 540 outputs are controlled, makes it maintain desirable level respectively.But what must pay special attention to is that common mode feedback circuit 560 and 570 is not the necessary element in frequency mixer 500 of the present invention.
Frequency mixing module 530 includes differential pair circuit 532 and 534, and each differential pair circuit is comprised of a group transistor, and wherein differential pair circuit 532 is comprised of transistor M11 and M12, and differential pair circuit 534 is comprised of transistor M21 and M22.The grid of transistor M11 and M12 is used as respectively a positive input terminal and a negative input end, be used for receiving oscillator signal LO (I) and LO (II), the grid of transistor M21 and M22 is used as this negative input end and this positive-negative input end, is used for respectively receiving oscillator signal LO (II) and LO (I).Moreover the source electrode of transistor M11 and M12 couples mutually, and in order to receiving signal Diff+, and the source electrode of transistor M21 and M22 also couples mutually, and then receive signal Diff-.That is to say, oscillator signal LO (I) and LO (II) input to mixting circuit 520 by the transistorized grid in differential pair circuit 532 and 534, the signal Diff+ and the Diff-that produce based on input signal input to mixting circuit 520 by the transistorized source electrode in differential pair circuit 532 and 534, based on transistorized square law (Square law), differential pair circuit differential pair circuit 532 and 534 transistorized drain electrode can produce mixing output S OUT1+ with S OUT1-, it is differential input S IN+ with S IN-and the mixing results of oscillator signal LO (I) and LO (II).In addition, if frequency mixer 500 is the mixing element in receiver, S is exported in mixing OUT1+ with S OUT1-may be an intermediate frequency or fundamental frequency signal, and input signal S IN+ with S IN-may be radiofrequency signal.
Similarly, frequency mixing module 540 includes differential pair circuit 542 and 544, and wherein differential pair circuit 542 is comprised of transistor M31 and M32, and differential pair circuit 544 is comprised of transistor M41 and M42.The grid of transistor M31 and M32 is used as respectively a positive input terminal and a negative input end, be used for receiving oscillator signal LO (III) and LO (IV), the grid of transistor M41 and M42 is used as respectively this negative input end and this positive input terminal, is used for respectively receiving oscillator signal LO (IV) and LO (III).Moreover the source electrode of transistor M31 and M32 couples mutually, and in order to receiving signal Diff+, and the source electrode of transistor M41 and M42 also couples mutually, and then receive signal Diff-.That is to say, oscillator signal LO (III) and LO (IV) input to mixting circuit 520 by the transistorized grid in differential pair circuit 542 and 544, the signal Diff+ and the Diff-that produce based on input signal input to mixting circuit 520 by the transistorized source electrode in differential pair circuit 542 and 544, based on transistorized square law (Square law), differential pair circuit differential pair circuit 542 and 544 transistorized drain electrode can produce mixing output S OUT2+ with S OUT2-, it is differential input S IN+ with S IN-and the mixing results of oscillator signal LO (III) and LO (IV).Similarly, if frequency mixer 500 is the mixing element in receiver, S is exported in mixing OUT2+ with S OUT2-may be an intermediate frequency or fundamental frequency signal, and input signal S IN+ with S IN-may be radiofrequency signal.
As from the foregoing, frequency mixer 500 utilizes transformer 510 with input signal S IN+ with S IN-being coupled to mixting circuit 520, mixting circuit 520 in fact utilizes differential pair circuit 532～544 to carry out the mixing of signal.Moreover frequency mixer 500 includes again circuit 582～586, be used for to common mode feedback circuit 560,570 and transistor M11～M42 carry out bias voltage.But whether all the framework of these circuit, set-up mode, existence non-restriction of the present invention.
Although note that in above-mentioned explanation signal S IN+ with S IN-be fed in differential pair circuit 532～544 by transistorized source electrode, yet, in other embodiment of the present invention, signal S IN+ with S IN-can be by transistorized drain electrode, be coupled to differential pair circuit 532～544, and utilize equally transistorized voltage-current relationship to complete mixing operation (owing to may including the correction term that channelling effect causes in square law, therefore grid can make output produce relevant mixing results to the voltage difference of drain electrode).In addition, what still need pay special attention to is, differential to number in above embodiment, and the frequency mixing module number is not restriction of the present invention, and these numbers all can be decided along with the number of phases of oscillator signal.For instance, in the execution mode of eight-phase mixing, differential in frequency mixer can be all twice in above-described embodiment to number and frequency mixing module number.Moreover in the above-described embodiments, although transistor M11～M42 is the N-type field-effect transistor, in other embodiment of the present invention, M11～M42 may be P type field-effect transistor, the combination of N-type and P type field-effect transistor, or the transistor of other types.
Based on operating principle and effect with upper frequency mixer, the present invention separately provides a kind of frequency mixing method, and its flow process can be used for the input signal of single-ended pattern or differential pattern and the oscillator signal of leggy are carried out mixing as shown in Figure 6.At first, in step 604, utilize a transformer to receive an input signal, to produce a differential output.Then, in step 606, utilize a mixting circuit that this differential output and N the oscillator signal with out of phase are carried out mixing, to produce a plurality of mixer output signals, wherein N is greater than 2.Note that in the situation that result is identical in fact, also can insert other extra steps in flow process shown in Figure 6, and such variation also belongs to category of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the inventive method, the step that produces those mixer output signals comprises again: by differential right positive input terminal and the negative input end in this mixting circuit, the oscillator signal that will have out of phase inputs to respectively this mixting circuit, and wherein positive input terminal and negative input are differential right transistorized grid.Moreover, this differential output can by transistorized source electrode or the drain electrode in one of input to mixting circuit, produce this mixer output signal.Due to the running of frequency mixing method of the present invention basis in previous embodiment the frequency mixer of introduction, so identical principle is arranged between the two, mode of operation and effect so separately do not do description to the details of frequency mixing method of the present invention at this more.
One of advantage of frequency mixer of the present invention and frequency mixing method is good high frequency characteristics.In the near future, along with progress and the differentiation of radio communication theory, may new demand be arranged to the leggy frequency mixer, for example can carry out the high frequency response characteristic of the oscillator signal number of phases of mixing or frequency mixer at the leggy frequency mixer all right.At this moment, the conventional mixer that realizes with Gilbert cell just can run into along with the increase of number of phases the not good bottleneck of high frequency response.Therefore, adopt the frequency mixer of Gilbert cell framework in the trend that number of phases increases, can more aobvious inferior position.In comparison, because being actually, frequency mixer of the present invention and frequency mixing method adopt transformer to carry out signal coupling, equaling substantial input stage is transformer, because the coil in transformer has inductive, therefore will with frequency mixer in the equivalent capacity of input produce resonance effect, the frequency range of frequency mixer will be extended, therefore frequency mixer of the present invention and frequency mixing method have good high frequency characteristics, and high frequency response does not increase and fails along with the number of phases of oscillator signal, is particularly suitable for being used as the mixting circuit in receiver.
Be contained at least one execution mode of the present invention for the described special characteristic of this embodiment, structure or characteristic with above mentioned " embodiment " representative.Moreover " embodiment " that occur in different paragraphs in literary composition represents identical embodiment.Therefore, although above when describing for different embodiment, mentioned respectively the action of different architectural feature or method, should be noted in the discussion above that these different characteristics can be implemented in same specific embodiment simultaneously by suitable modification.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (19)

1. frequency mixer comprises:
One transformer is in order to receive an input signal, to produce a differential output; And
One mixting circuit is coupled to this transformer, and in order to this differential output and N the oscillator signal with out of phase are carried out mixing, to produce a plurality of mixer output signals, wherein N is greater than 2.
2. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein this transformer is a balanced-to-unblanced transformer.
3. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein this input signal is a differential input.
4. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein this mixting circuit includes N differential pair circuit, each differential pair circuit has a positive input terminal and a negative input end, and this N the oscillator signal with out of phase inputs to this mixting circuit by positive input terminal and the negative input end of this N differential pair circuit respectively.
5. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 4, wherein each differential pair circuit includes a first transistor and a transistor seconds.
6. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid of this first transistor and this transistor seconds is respectively as this positive input terminal and this negative input end.
7. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 5, wherein this differential output inputs to this mixting circuit by the source electrode of this first transistor and this transistor seconds respectively.
8. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 5, wherein this differential output inputs to this mixting circuit by the drain electrode of this first transistor and this transistor seconds respectively.
9. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency of this input signal is greater than the frequency of each mixer output signal in those mixer output signals.
10. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, it is arranged in a receiver.
11. a frequency mixing method is applicable to a mixting circuit, comprises:
Utilize a transformer to receive an input signal, to produce a differential output; And
Utilize this mixting circuit that this differential output and N the oscillator signal with out of phase are carried out mixing, to produce a plurality of mixer output signals, wherein N is greater than 2.
12. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 11, wherein this transformer is a balanced-to-unblanced transformer.
13. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 11, wherein this input signal is a differential input.
14. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 11, wherein this mixting circuit includes N differential pair circuit, and each differential pair circuit has a positive input terminal and a negative input end, and the step that produces those mixer output signals comprises:
The oscillator signal that will have out of phase by this positive input terminal and this negative input end inputs to respectively this mixting circuit.
15. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 14, wherein each differential pair circuit includes a first transistor and a transistor seconds.
16. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the grid of this first transistor and this transistor seconds is respectively as this positive input terminal and this negative input end.
17. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 15, the step that wherein produces those mixer output signals includes:
Source electrode by this first transistor and this transistor seconds inputs to this mixting circuit with this differential output respectively.
18. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 15, the step that wherein produces those mixer output signals includes:
Drain electrode by this first transistor and this transistor seconds inputs to this mixting circuit with this differential output respectively.
19. frequency mixing method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the frequency of this input signal is greater than the frequency of each mixer output signal in those mixer output signals.
CN2012101335234A 2012-05-02 2012-05-02 Frequency mixer and relevant frequency mixing method Pending CN103384140A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1470100A (en) * 2000-10-10 2004-01-21 高通股份有限公司 Method and circuit to generate sinusoids for modulators and frequency converters
US6807407B2 (en) * 2000-09-11 2004-10-19 Scientific Components, Inc. Dual double balanced mixer
US6819914B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2004-11-16 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Differential mixer injection with optional step gain control
CN101809860A (en) * 2007-09-27 2010-08-18 高通股份有限公司 Apparatus and methods for downconverting radio frequency signals

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6807407B2 (en) * 2000-09-11 2004-10-19 Scientific Components, Inc. Dual double balanced mixer
CN1470100A (en) * 2000-10-10 2004-01-21 高通股份有限公司 Method and circuit to generate sinusoids for modulators and frequency converters
US6819914B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2004-11-16 Rf Micro Devices, Inc. Differential mixer injection with optional step gain control
CN101809860A (en) * 2007-09-27 2010-08-18 高通股份有限公司 Apparatus and methods for downconverting radio frequency signals

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Application publication date: 20131106