CN103371049A - Delayed cultivation method for luffa in autumn - Google Patents
Delayed cultivation method for luffa in autumn Download PDFInfo
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- CN103371049A CN103371049A CN201310324736XA CN201310324736A CN103371049A CN 103371049 A CN103371049 A CN 103371049A CN 201310324736X A CN201310324736X A CN 201310324736XA CN 201310324736 A CN201310324736 A CN 201310324736A CN 103371049 A CN103371049 A CN 103371049A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a delayed cultivation method for luffa in autumn. The method includes selecting proper varieties; selecting proper shading processing periods for seedlings and determining processing duration; selecting proper planting density; adjusting plants; selecting heat preservation processing periods and standards. The delayed cultivation method has the advantages that production reduction or failed production due to improper variety selection is prevented; first female flower nodes are lowered, nutritional growth and reproductive growth are balanced, the blossom and yield fruit time is effectively prolonged, and the yield is increased; the high and stable yield is guaranteed; the luffa can be assuredly picked conveniently, the nutritional growth is suppressed, and the reproductive growth is promoted; the low temperature of a small environment is increased, the suitable luffa growth time is prolonged, the later-stage yield is effectively increased, the yield is increased by 30% at least by the method, an acre benefit is increased by 1000 yuan at least, operation is easy and convenient, and the delayed cultivation method is suitable for the luffa in autumn, can be well received by bases or growers or research units and has an excellent popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention's delayed cultivation implantation methods of a kind of sponge gourd autumn belongs to the agricultural planting technique field, is exclusively used in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and areas to the south's facility cultivation in autumn thereof.
Technical background
Sponge gourd is one of main gourd vegetables in China middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and areas to the south thereof.For a long time, sponge gourd is outdoor cropping mostly, and the cultivation of traditional sponge gourd all is to carry out the rare density cultivation of open country with the built form, generally all in garden or the wasteland carry out, only cultivate the 50-60 strain for every mu, output is lower, without scale and benefit.Along with the change of people's consumption habit and understanding in depth the sponge gourd dietary function, and the fast development of China's facilities horticulture industry, fairly large facility cultivation has also appearred in sponge gourd at present, is that the master is developed into facility cultivation and outdoor cropping is laid equal stress on by outdoor cropping progressively.And then formed the situation of the anniversary producing year-round supply, in the vegetables production and supply, brought into play more and more important effect.
Because carry out the work starting evening of sponge gourd research, a lot of technical elements are relatively weaker.Sponge gourd is short day crop, and the long-day can postpone it blooms or cause it and do not bloom, thereby can not form effective economic flow rate; Most variety of luffa is introduced a fine variety often late blooming or do not bloom of high latitude area from low latitudes; Sow it in the kind autumn and winter of Same Latitude or spring and yield positive results all than compared with normal, bloom or do not bloom and Summer-sowing often postpones it, let alone form effective economic flow rate.
The sponge gourd plant of autumn and winter or sowing in spring is after tiding over hot summer, and plant decays obviously, and the diseases such as virus disease are serious, and output is extremely low after September.At the beginning of adopting autumn late summer more, the production of production sponge gourd in upper autumn sows.Environmental condition and (spring and summer sponge gourd) ratios in positive season such as temperature of the sponge gourd growth of summer autumn sowing kind, just in time conversely, also much abominable, early stage the high temperature high light, restraining genital growth, then temperature one road drops, because sponge gourd is the warm crop of happiness, after entering mid-October, be lower than the growth that 15 ℃ low temperature can suppress again sponge gourd; According to a conventional method plantation, output is lower after entering October, and In Nanjing nighttime temperature low temperature often can occur and be lower than 15 ℃ weather and cause sponge gourd stagnation growth before and after October, cause the later stage to yield poorly and the defective of shakiness etc., therefore this moment, the sponge gourd selling price was higher, directly had influence on a mu benefit.The seedling stage of autumn delayed cultivation sponge gourd, it also is the longest period at sunshine among flower bud differentiation is in 1 year period, sponge gourd is short day crop, flower bud differentiation is subjected to environmental factor, and particularly sunshine, length affected very large, long-day can be suppressed flower bud differentiation, lifting female flower joint position, even suppress generation female, male flower.
Even the kind to illumination-insensitive is neutral kind, Summer-sowing, be in seedling stage under the conditions such as high temperature high light, with comparing of autumn and winter or sowing in spring, how the sponge gourd of autumn delayed cultivation can exist late blooming or not bloom, and the female flower joint position lifting of plant beginning is obvious, more than basic lifting 10 joints, the middle and lower part internode obviously elongates, main climing attenuating, the blade problem such as diminish, thereby cause the field sparse, density is low, and the illumination availability is not high, yields poorly.According to a conventional method plantation, tend to occur just picking time partially after, the problem such as sponge gourd knot melon saves biased height, and the middle and later periods is plucked inconvenience, and per mu yield is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a kind of sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods is provided, can effectively solve the problem that exists in the current production, avoided the improper underproduction that causes of variety adoption or ruined product, fabulous popularizing application prospect is arranged.
The problem that exists for solving above-mentioned prior art, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods comprises the steps:
1), select adapted varieties:
Select the neutral kind of light or to insensitive kind of long-day, and meet the kind of local consumption habit, that breediness requires is precocious, bearing capacity is strong continuously, and high yield, disease-resistant and strong stress resistance are such as " Jiangshu 1 " sponge gourd etc.; Or select and produce the upper kind that sowing can normally be yielded positive results during June 20 to July 20; Or studies have shown that neutral or to insensitive kind of long-day into light through R﹠D institution;
2), seedling shading treatment period and duration:
The sponge gourd seed is grown seedlings with cave dish mulch after adopting seed soaking, begins when the seedling cotyledon 60% flattens, and takes small arched shed in the seedbed, covers small arched shed with the black sunshade net of shading rate more than 95% and carries out shading treatment; The cover time of sunshade net is 8:30 to 18 point, and all the other times see that as far as possible light is short long; When seedling reaches 3 leaves, 1 heart size, remove small arched shed and black sunshade net, stop shading treatment;
3), spacing in the rows:
Spacing in the rows by 20 centimetres is planted in good time, and other is with conventional;
4), plant is adjusted:
Though through shading treatment, but Summer-sowing does not still have female flower than spring sowing high several sections of, therefore draw in the added process plant, the climing arrangement of the bottom that does not have female flower is put into ground, make the joint position, female flower place of first opening adjust to overhead 80 centimetres height; Pinching when plant reaches 1.8 meters long;
5), insulation period and temperature standard
The sponge gourd of autumn delayed cultivation should be planted in the booth without covering, before and after October, began to cover the canopy film in 2 days and place the skirt film before temperature low temperature is lower than 15 ℃.
Further, the described seedling cultivation time is: after seedling reaches 3 leaves, 1 heart, select after 4 of cloudy day or fine afternoons to plant in the uncovered ground that only has the booth frame by 20 centimetres spacing in the rows, other management is with conventional in good time.
Compared with prior art, the present invention's delayed cultivation implantation methods of a kind of sponge gourd autumn has following advantage and good effect:
Adopt a kind of sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods provided by the present invention, can effectively solve the problem that exists in the current production, avoid the improper underproduction that causes of variety adoption or ruined product, the Seedling Stage shading treatment, reduced beginning female flower joint position, balance nourish and grow and reproductive growth, effectively increased the time of yielding positive results, increased output; Select suitable planting density, guaranteed stable high yield; Plant is adjusted, and it is convenient to have guaranteed to pluck, and suppresses to nourish and grow, promoted reproductive growth etc.; Later stage is taked Insulation, has improved the low temperature of subenvironment, has prolonged the suitable growth time of filament length, has effectively increased later stage output.A kind of employing of sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods, output increase more than 30%, and the mu benefit increases more than 1000 yuan.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods comprises the steps:
1) cleaned " Jiangshu No.1 " sponge gourd seed with clear water in the Nanjing area first June 20, after be positioned in the clear water under the room temperature and soaked 13 hours, namely be seeded in after seed takes out in the cave dish of getting seedling medium ready, seedling-cultivating method carries out seedbed management routinely.Begin when treating 60% seedling cotyledon flattening, take small arched shed in the seedbed, cover small arched shed with the black sunshade net of shading rate more than 95% and carry out shading treatment; The cover time of sunshade net is 8:30 to 18 point, and all the other times see that as far as possible light is short long; When seedling reaches 3 leaves, 1 heart size, remove small arched shed and black sunshade net, stop shading treatment.
2) after seedling reaches 3 leaves, 1 heart, to select after 4 of cloudy day or fine afternoons to plant in the uncovered ground that only has the booth frame by 20 centimetres spacing in the rows in good time, other management is with conventional.
3) plant is drawn in the added process, and progressively the climing arrangement of the bottom that does not have female flower being spiraled is put into ground, really makes the joint position, female flower place of first opening adjust to overhead 80 centimetres height; And pinching when plant reaches 1.8 meters long.
4) upper greenhouse insulation in 2 days before temperature low temperature is lower than 15 ℃ makes Low Night Temperature be in more than 15 ℃ as far as possible; When daytime temperature is higher, can split ventilation on the booth both sides at noon; Along with the continuous decline of temperature, put the canopy time afternoon to shift to an earlier date gradually, guarantee can accumulate daytime heat to resist the impact of Low Night Temperature more.
The utilization of embodiment 1 described a kind of sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods, begin to gather at about 7 days in advance on date, the later stage prolongation was gathered about 15 days, high yield arrival in early stage time advance 10 days generally about sponge gourd output 1500KG in autumn, adopts more than the output 2200KG of this method production, output increases more than 30% at least, realized high yield, stable yields and stable market supply market, autumn delayed cultivation sponge gourd price is about 3 yuan/KG, and the mu benefit on average increases about 2100 yuan simultaneously; This method is easy and simple to handle, is suitable as sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods, and base or plantation family or R﹠D institution take like a shot, and fabulous popularizing application prospect is arranged.
Claims (2)
1. a sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1), select adapted varieties:
Select the neutral kind of light or to insensitive kind of long-day, and meet the kind of local consumption habit, that breediness requires is precocious, bearing capacity is strong continuously, high yield, disease-resistant and strong stress resistance; Or select and produce the upper kind that sowing can normally be yielded positive results during June 20 to July 20; Or studies have shown that neutral or to insensitive kind of long-day into light through R﹠D institution;
2), seedling shading treatment period and duration:
The sponge gourd seed is grown seedlings with cave dish mulch after adopting seed soaking, begins when the seedling cotyledon 60% flattens, and takes small arched shed in the seedbed, covers small arched shed with the black sunshade net of shading rate more than 95% and carries out shading treatment; The cover time of sunshade net is 8:30 to 18 point, and all the other times see that light is short long; When seedling reaches 3 leaves, 1 heart size, remove small arched shed and black sunshade net, stop shading treatment;
3), spacing in the rows:
Spacing in the rows by 20 centimetres is planted in good time, and other is with conventional;
4), plant is adjusted:
Draw in the added process plant, the climing arrangement of the bottom that does not have female flower is put into ground, make the joint position, female flower place of first opening adjust to overhead 80 centimetres height; Pinching when plant reaches 1.8 meters long;
5), insulation period and temperature standard:
The sponge gourd of autumn delayed cultivation is planted in the booth without covering, before and after October, began to cover the canopy film in 2 days and place the skirt film before temperature low temperature is lower than 15 ℃.
2. sponge gourd autumn delayed cultivation implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described seedling cultivation time is: after seedling reaches 3 leaves, 1 heart, select after 4 of cloudy day or fine afternoons to plant in the uncovered ground that only has the booth frame by 20 centimetres spacing in the rows, other management is with conventional in good time.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104584838A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-06 | 南农大(常熟)新农村发展研究院有限公司 | Technique for cultivating towel gourd in autumn and winter |
| CN105248121A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-20 | 和县利民蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method of autumn and winter towel gourds |
| CN107691129A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 重庆市合川区蔬菜技术指导站 | A kind of autumn delays sponge gourd cultivation technique and double season sponge gourd cultivation techniques |
| CN115005089A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of non-browning loofah original seeds |
-
2013
- 2013-07-30 CN CN201310324736XA patent/CN103371049A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 周黎丽等: "《江蔬一号丝瓜及其配套栽培技术》", 《种子世界》 * |
| 娄丽娜等: "《江苏省丝瓜品种应用现状及潜力品种推荐》", 《长江蔬菜》 * |
| 庄勇等: "《丝瓜周年栽培技术》", 《中国蔬菜》 * |
| 苏小俊: "《瓜类蔬菜无公害高效栽培重点、难点与实例》", 30 June 2008 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104584838A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-06 | 南农大(常熟)新农村发展研究院有限公司 | Technique for cultivating towel gourd in autumn and winter |
| CN105248121A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-20 | 和县利民蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Cultivation method of autumn and winter towel gourds |
| CN107691129A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 重庆市合川区蔬菜技术指导站 | A kind of autumn delays sponge gourd cultivation technique and double season sponge gourd cultivation techniques |
| CN115005089A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of non-browning loofah original seeds |
| CN115005089B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-04-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seed reproduction method of original seeds of towel gourd without browning |
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Application publication date: 20131030 |