CN103348888A - Hard pan firm ground rice seedling raising method of mechanized rice transplanting - Google Patents
Hard pan firm ground rice seedling raising method of mechanized rice transplanting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A hard pan firm ground rice seedling raising method of mechanized rice transplanting comprises the steps of carrying out mechanical sowing assembly line work, raising rice seedlings in a rice seedling raising hard pan, and then carrying out further processing on the rice transplanting hard pan after darkening and seedling emergence are finished; moving the rice seedling raising hard pan to firm ground and raising the rice seedlings, wherein the firm ground is cement ground or hard ground or soil sites. Compared with the prior art, according to the technical scheme, the method makes use of spare cement sites, sunning ground, empty pavement and other firm ground resources to replace traditional fields to raise the rice seedlings, strong seedlings meeting the mechanized transplanting requirement are cultivated, the method has the advantages of saving the rice seedling raising fields, saving labor, relieving labor intensity for raising the rice seedlings, improving working efficiency, saving water resources, being capable of culturing the seedlings in a factory-like mode and the like, and the development prospects are good.
Description
Technical field
This method belongs to the Rice Cropping technical field, specifically a kind of rice machine rice transplanting hard disk hard place method of raising seedling.
Background technology
1, the development level of present domestic existing correlation technique
Along with popularizing of rice machine rice transplanting technology, area enlarges year by year, but will reach high-quality planting, and it is crucial cultivating the strong seedling that meets machine transplanting of rice requirement.At present, traditional field seedling raising method is although can bring out the strong seedling that meets machine transplanting of rice requirement, but the labour intensity of seedling, a seedling is larger, seedling cost is also higher, and transplanting is such as rain, and seedling piece hardness is difficult to regulate, affect machine transplanting of rice quality, this seedling raising method need to be reserved crops for rotation, make the rice seedling bed, and human and material resources have high input, and young plants management is taken a lot of work, water wasting, it is large to start shipment seedling dish labour intensity, is the main cause that causes the transplanting seedling cost high.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of rice machine rice transplanting hard disk hard place method of raising seedling, step comprises: 1) machine sowing pipelining: then seedling in seedling raising hard disc is further processed the seedling raising hard disc of the neat seedling of darkening; The step that it is characterized in that described further processing is step 2): seedling raising hard disc is moved to the hard place seedling, and step is as follows:
Hard place is cement flooring, hardstand or soil property place;
When a) hard place was the cement flooring, step comprised:
A-1) surround on the ground the seedling place, the edge in seedling place protrudes ground; Lay on the ground with a monoblock impermeable film, and around the film outside the seedling place, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse simultaneously consists of the seedling groove;
A-2) place seedling raising hard disc at film; The seedling raising hard disc that wherein is positioned at the inboard, edge in seedling place is pushed down film, simultaneously, and also compacting of the film outside the seedling place;
A-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge compacting of nonwoven;
A-4) pour water at the impermeable film in seedling place; Rice shoot 2 leaves are water level maintenance 2cm ± 10% before the phase, and rice shoot 2 leaf after dates keep seedling raising ground substance moistening;
Rainy day is opened discharge outlet;
A-5) transplanting was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement;
When b) hard place was hardstand, step comprised
B-1) the ground foreign material are removed on smooth compacting ground;
B-2) place on the ground seedling raising hard disc;
B-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge redundance compacting of nonwoven;
B-4) set up jet pipe and shower nozzle, the quantity of shower nozzle is corresponding with the floor area of placing seedling raising hard disc, so that seedling raising hard disc is all in the spray scope of shower nozzle;
It is moistening that water spray satisfies the interior matrix of maintenance seedling raising hard disc;
B-5) transplanting was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement;
When c) hard place was the soil property place, step comprised
C-1) the ground foreign material are removed in smooth compacting soil property place;
C-2) place on the ground seedling raising hard disc;
C-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge redundance compacting of nonwoven;
C-4) set up jet pipe and shower nozzle, the quantity of shower nozzle is corresponding with the floor area of placing seedling raising hard disc, so that seedling raising hard disc is all in the spray scope of shower nozzle;
It is moistening that water spray satisfies the interior matrix of maintenance seedling raising hard disc;
C-5) transplanting was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement.
Also comprise the fertile pencil reason of step 3):
3-1) when the rice shoot height is not enough, be that 1% urea solvent sprays rice shoot with weight fraction;
3-2) the first day of hardening, the mixed liquor spray rice shoot of with medicament and urea.Every 667m
2The seedling pond adds mass fraction 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 50ml with mass fraction 48% chlorpyrifos ec 80ml and adds mass fraction 25% pyrrone wetting powder 16g and add 0.3kg urea and be watered the 30kg even spraying.
When 3-3) the raising seedling maturation is got to machine transplanting of rice requirement, that is:
Rice shoot reached height of seedling 12~17cm when 15~18 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3.5~3.8 leaves, seedling are very, leaf is green, growth is neat, do not rupture when the seedling piece is mentioned;
If can not in time transplant, the moisture-holding capacity of then controlling in the interior matrix of seedling raising hard disc is controlled seedling growth, simultaneously, must not make the dead seedling of rice shoot dehydration.
The concrete steps of described step 1) are as follows:
1-1) rice varieties is selected: adapt to the seed of planting site environment, and seed quality is qualified;
1-2) prepare the seedling material: comprise
(1) seedling raising hard disc: hard disk specification 58cm * 28cm * 3cm;
(2) Nutrition Soil: the paddy soils that can turn over freeze thawing with the nonirrigated farmland soil of vegetable garden soil, slaking or winter, through pulverizing, being screened to the grogs diameter less than 5mm;
(3) seedling raising ground substance: the matrix of selecting should be to recognize propagable special-purpose machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance through engineering department, or fertilizer, and fertilizer should meet the requirement of NY525-2012 standard index;
1-3) sowing
(1) basks seeds: before the sowing, rice paddy seed was basked seeds 2~3 days;
(2) seed treatment: be that 25% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 2.0g~3.0g, volume fraction are that 16% meter bright cartap 8~12g, volume fraction are 25% pyrrone, 8~12g and water 5~6kg mixed solution soaked seed 40~55 hours with volume fraction;
(3) lid seed soil preparation: seedling strengthen agent and Nutrition Soil are mixed, and mixed proportion is undertaken by the proportioning of employed seedling strengthen agent explanation.
(4) sowing operation:
Put matrix in seedling raising hard disc, stromal thickness is 2.0~2.2cm;
Water spray is adjusted to matrix saturated but water does not overflow the bottom outlet of seedling raising hard disc;
Even premature rice does kind of density and is 738g/ square metre~801g/ square metre (every dish 120g~130g);
Evenly cover seed to not revealing seed with lid seed soil;
(5) the neat seedling of darkening:
Seedling raising hard disc is stacked neatly, put into storehouse; Stacking per 40~50 seedling raising hard discs is a pile, and covers an empty hard disk at the top one deck seedling raising hard disc; Guarantee simultaneously the storehouse well-ventilated;
The darkening time is 2 days, and height of seedling 0.5~1.0cm is as the criterion in the dish;
After the neat seedling of darkening finishes, enter step 2) further process.
Described sowing step 1-3) step (4) in the sowing, lid seed soil thickness is 0.3~0.5cm.
Described step 2) in, when a) hard place is the cement flooring, the edge in seedling place is to put on the landing ground with stainless steel square tube or batten, be laid on the seedling place with impermeable film again, four limits of film are evened up and are covered stainless steel square tube or batten, and wherein film edge is stretched out the part fragment of brick compacting or real with soil pressure of stainless steel square tube or batten;
Described step 2) in, for cement flooring, hardstand or soil property place, the laying method of seedling raising hard disc is as follows:
Neat traverse two row seedling raising hard discs consist of the seedling furrow, stay the wide walking road of 25~30cm between the seedling furrow;
Cover nonwoven on the seedling raising hard disc, the edge of nonwoven is pressed under the seedling raising hard disc.
Described step 2) in, when a) hard place is the cement flooring, is placed on walking with hose and pours water in the road, hose connects high-pressure pump;
When b) hard place is hardstand, follows the aisle and lay jet pipe, 7 meters of every spacings are set up tripod, mounting spray head on the tripod, shower nozzle connecting spray nozzle;
When c) hard place was the soil property place, trench digging in the aisle of being expert at was laid water pipe, and 7 meters of every spacings are set up tripod, mounting spray head on the tripod, nozzle connecting water receiving pipe.
Compared with prior art, the hard place resources such as the cement court of the technical program utilization free time, threshing ground, vacant road surface replace traditional field seedling raising, cultivate the strong seedling that meets machine transplanting of rice requirement, have the seedling of saving field, save manpower, alleviate seedling labour intensity, improve work efficiency, save the advantages such as water resource and practicable factorial seedling growth, development prospect is good.And Major Natural Disasters because hard place seedling management link is easy, can make that the manager is timely and effective to pour water or drain flooded fields for arid with flood waterlogging during the raising rice seedlings, can fundamentally stop arid or flood the phenomenons such as the dead seedling that waterlogging causes, weak seedling.In addition, by non-textile mulch, can manually form buffer strip, in order to cushioning heavy rain, hail etc. to the damage of rice shoot, thereby reach hedging, keep away the purpose that evil is kept away the worm diseases prevention.The hard place seedling-cultivation technique has advanced the future development of Rice Production to laborsaving simplification, cost efficiency, good quality and high output, is fit to the extensive large tracts of land seedling of batch production.
Embodiment
A kind of rice machine rice transplanting hard place method of raising seedling, step comprises:
1) machine sowing pipelining, step is as follows:
1-1) rice varieties is selected: adapt to the seed of planting site environment, and seed quality qualified (such as table 1);
Table 1: seed selection requirement
1-2) prepare the seedling material: comprise
(1) seedling raising hard disc: hard disk specification 58cm * 28cm * 3cm;
(2) Nutrition Soil: the paddy soils that can turn over freeze thawing with the nonirrigated farmland soil of vegetable garden soil, slaking or winter, through pulverizing, being screened to the grogs diameter less than 5mm;
(3) seedling raising ground substance: the matrix of selecting can be to recognize propagable special-purpose machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance through engineering department, or fertilizer, and fertilizer should meet the requirement of NY525-2012 standard index;
1-3) sowing
(1) basks seeds: before the sowing, rice paddy seed was basked seeds 2~3 days;
(2) seed treatment: the mixed solution with 25% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 2.5g, 16% meter bright cartap 10g, 25% pymetrozine 10g and water 5~6kg soaked seed 48 hours;
(3) lid seed soil preparation: seedling strengthen agent and Nutrition Soil are mixed, and mixed proportion is undertaken by the native proportioning explanation of employed seedling strengthen agent and nutrition;
(4) sowing operation:
Put matrix in seedling raising hard disc, its thickness is 2.0~2.2cm;
Water spray is adjusted to matrix saturated but water does not overflow the bottom outlet of seedling raising hard disc;
Even premature rice does kind of density and is 738g/ square metre~801g/ square metre;
Evenly cover seed to not revealing seed with lid seed soil; (lid seed soil thickness is 0.3~0.5cm);
(5) the neat seedling of darkening:
Seedling raising hard disc is stacked neatly, put into storehouse; Stacking per 40~50 seedling raising hard discs is a pile, and covers an empty hard disk at the top one deck seedling raising hard disc; Guarantee simultaneously the storehouse well-ventilated;
The darkening time is 2 days, and height of seedling 0.5~1.0cm is as the criterion in the dish;
The neat seedling of darkening enters step 2 after finishing) stack and move to hard place (cement court)
2) move to the hard place seedling, step is as follows:
Hard place is cement flooring, hardstand or soil property place;
When a) hard place was the cement flooring, step comprised
A-1) surround on the ground the seedling place, the edge in seedling place protrudes ground; Lay on the ground with a monoblock impermeable film, and around the film outside the seedling place, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse simultaneously consists of the seedling groove;
A-2) place seedling raising hard disc at film; The seedling raising hard disc that wherein is positioned at the inboard, edge in seedling place is pushed down film, simultaneously, and also compacting of the film outside the seedling place;
A-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge compacting of nonwoven;
A-4) pour water at the impermeable film in seedling place; Rice shoot 2 leaves are water level maintenance 2cm ± 10% before the phase, and rice shoot 2 leaf after dates keep seedling raising ground substance moistening;
Rainy day is opened discharge outlet;
A-5) cultivation was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement;
When b) hard place was hardstand, step comprised
B-1) the ground foreign material are removed on smooth compacting ground;
B-2) place on the ground seedling raising hard disc;
B-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge redundance compacting of nonwoven;
B-4) set up jet pipe and shower nozzle, the quantity of shower nozzle is corresponding with the floor area of placing seedling raising hard disc, so that seedling raising hard disc is all in the spray scope of shower nozzle;
It is moistening that water spray satisfies the interior matrix of maintenance seedling raising hard disc;
B-5) cultivation was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement;
When c) hard place was the soil property place, step comprised
C-1) the ground foreign material are removed in smooth compacting soil property place;
C-2) place on the ground seedling raising hard disc;
C-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge redundance compacting of nonwoven;
C-4) set up jet pipe and shower nozzle, the quantity of shower nozzle is corresponding with the floor area of placing seedling raising hard disc, so that seedling raising hard disc is all in the spray scope of shower nozzle;
It is moistening that water spray satisfies the interior matrix of maintenance seedling raising hard disc;
C-5) nonwoven refining hardening was opened in cultivation in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement.
Meet the seedling of machine transplanting of rice required standard:
Rice shoot reached height of seedling 12~17cm when 15~18 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3.5~3.8 leaves, seedling are very, leaf is green, growth is neat, do not rupture when the seedling piece is mentioned.
Hard place seedling link seedling dish moisture control and management:
One is 2 leaves before the phase, keeps water layer in the plastic film groove, and the about 1cm of the height of water layer utilizes penetration theory, makes in the seedling-cultivation plate Nutrition Soil maintenance moistening.
Two is 2 leaf after dates, keeps the seedling dish moistening, leaks if be layered on the plastic film breakage of seedling tray bottom, can make Nutrition Soil keep moistening getting final product by the method for watering.If meet the rainy day, should note timely draining, in order to avoid flood the seedling dish, affect seedling quality.
The 3rd, according to circumstances, the water in the plastic film groove is put dried before transplanting, in case the seedling dish is too soft, impact is planted.Simultaneously, whole seeding stage is transplanted by physical isolation, band medicine, cuts off the path that small brown rice planthopper passes poison, thereby reaches the purpose of preventing and treating stripe virus disease.
This plants experimentally experiment in the somewhere, southern Jiangsu:
(1), implement scale is 20 mu of hard place seedling, transplants 2000 mu in land for growing field crops.
(2), average per unit area yield increases more than 1.5% on the average per unit area yield specific surface.
(3), mu increases more than 100 yuan on the overall economic efficiency specific surface.
This project is take the rice shoot that rice machine rice transplanting seedling cultivated meet machine transplanting of rice requirement under link simplification, labour intensity reduction, cost-saving synergistic, ecological friendly prerequisite as the general study target, break through fixedly thinking, transplanting raising rice seedlings and management process are transferred on the hard place carried out, make the transplanting raising rice seedlings really become the thing of " can wear leather shoes finishes ".Not only promote rice high yield synergy, and promoted that effectively the rural laborer shifts to the secondary industry and the tertiary industry, realized the increasing peasant income target.
Claims (7)
1. rice machine rice transplanting hard disk hard place method of raising seedling, step comprises: 1) machine sowing pipelining: then seedling in seedling raising hard disc is further processed the seedling raising hard disc behind the neat seedling of darkening; The step that it is characterized in that described further processing is step 2): seedling raising hard disc is moved to the hard place seedling, and step is as follows:
Hard place is cement flooring, hardstand or soil property place;
When a) hard place was the cement flooring, step comprised:
A-1) surround on the ground the seedling place, the edge in seedling place protrudes ground; Lay on the ground with a monoblock impermeable film, and around the film outside the seedling place, the mouth of a river that begins to rehearse simultaneously consists of the seedling groove;
A-2) place seedling raising hard disc at film; The seedling raising hard disc that wherein is positioned at the inboard, edge in seedling place is pushed down film, simultaneously, and also compacting of the film outside the seedling place;
A-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge compacting of nonwoven;
A-4) pour water at the impermeable film in seedling place; Rice shoot 2 leaves are water level maintenance 2cm ± 10% before the phase, and rice shoot 2 leaf after dates keep seedling raising ground substance moistening;
Rainy day is opened discharge outlet;
A-5) transplanting was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement;
When b) hard place was hardstand, step comprised
B-1) the ground foreign material are removed on smooth compacting ground;
B-2) place on the ground seedling raising hard disc;
B-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge redundance compacting of nonwoven;
B-4) set up jet pipe and shower nozzle, the quantity of shower nozzle is corresponding with the floor area of placing seedling raising hard disc, so that seedling raising hard disc is all in the spray scope of shower nozzle;
It is moistening that water spray satisfies the interior matrix of maintenance seedling raising hard disc;
B-5) transplanting was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement;
When c) hard place was the soil property place, step comprised
C-1) the ground foreign material are removed in smooth compacting soil property place;
C-2) place on the ground seedling raising hard disc;
C-3) cover nonwoven at seedling raising hard disc, the edge redundance compacting of nonwoven;
C-4) set up jet pipe and shower nozzle, the quantity of shower nozzle is corresponding with the floor area of placing seedling raising hard disc, so that seedling raising hard disc is all in the spray scope of shower nozzle;
It is moistening that water spray satisfies the interior matrix of maintenance seedling raising hard disc;
C-5) transplanting was opened the nonwoven hardening in front 4 days, made seedling piece hardness meet machinery and planted requirement.
2. rice machine rice transplanting hard place method of raising seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the fertile pencil reason of step 3):
3-1) when the rice shoot height is not enough, be that 1% urea solvent sprays rice shoot with mass fraction;
3-2) the first day of hardening, the mixed liquor spray rice shoot of with medicament and urea;
Every 667m
2The seedling pond adds mass fraction 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 50ml with mass fraction 48% chlorpyrifos ec 80ml and adds mass fraction 25% pymetrozine wetting powder 16g and add 0.3kg urea and be watered the 30kg even spraying;
When 3-3) raising seedling reaches machine transplanting of rice requirement, that is:
Rice shoot reached height of seedling 12~17cm when 15~18 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3.5~3.8 leaves, seedling are very, leaf is green, growth is neat, do not rupture when the seedling piece is mentioned;
If can not in time transplant, the moisture-holding capacity of then controlling in the interior matrix of seedling raising hard disc is controlled seedling growth, simultaneously, must not make the dead seedling of rice shoot dehydration.
3. rice machine rice transplanting hard place method of raising seedling according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the concrete steps of described step 1) are as follows:
1-1) rice varieties is selected: adapt to the seed of planting site environment, and seed quality is qualified;
1-2) prepare the seedling material: comprise
(1) seedling raising hard disc: hard disk specification 58cm * 28cm * 3cm
(2) Nutrition Soil: the paddy soils that can turn over freeze thawing with the nonirrigated farmland soil of vegetable garden soil, slaking or winter, through pulverizing, being screened to the grogs diameter less than 5mm;
(3) seedling raising ground substance: the matrix of selecting should be the special-purpose machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance through the approval of Technique Popularizing department, or fertilizer, and fertilizer should meet the requirement of NY525-2012 standard index;
1-3) sowing
(1) basks seeds: before the sowing, rice paddy seed was basked seeds 2~3 days;
(2) seed treatment: be that 25% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 2.0g~3.0g, volume fraction are that 16% meter bright cartap 8~12g, volume fraction are 25% pyrrone, 8~12g and water 5~6kg mixed solution soaked seed 40~55 hours with volume fraction;
(3) lid seed soil preparation: seedling strengthen agent and Nutrition Soil are mixed, and mixed proportion is undertaken by the proportioning explanation of employed seedling strengthen agent and Nutrition Soil;
(4) sowing operation:
Put matrix in seedling raising hard disc, stromal thickness is 2.0~2.2cm;
Water spray is adjusted to matrix saturated but water does not overflow the bottom outlet of seedling raising hard disc;
Even premature rice, doing kind of density is 738g/ square metre~801g/ square metre (every dish 120~130g);
Evenly cover seed to not revealing seed with lid seed soil;
(5) the neat seedling of darkening:
Seedling raising hard disc is stacked neatly, put into storehouse; Stacking per 40~50 seedling raising hard discs is a pile, and covers an empty hard disk shading at the top one deck seedling raising hard disc; Guarantee simultaneously the storehouse well-ventilated;
The darkening time is 2 days, is as the criterion to coil interior height of seedling 0.5~1.0cm;
After the neat seedling of darkening finishes, enter step 2) further process.
4. rice machine rice transplanting hard disk hard place method of raising seedling according to claim 3 is characterized in that described sowing step 1-3) step (4) in the sowing, lid seed soil thickness is 0.3~0.5cm.
5. rice machine rice transplanting hard place method of raising seedling according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described step 2) in, when a) hard place is the cement flooring, the edge in seedling place is to put on the landing ground with stainless steel square tube or batten, be laid on the seedling place with impermeable film again, four limits of film are evened up and are covered stainless steel square tube or batten, and wherein film edge is stretched out the part fragment of brick compacting or real with soil pressure of stainless steel square tube or batten.
6. rice machine rice transplanting hard disk hard place method of raising seedling according to claim 3 is characterized in that described step 2) in, for cement flooring, hardstand or soil property place, the laying method of seedling raising hard disc is as follows:
Neat traverse two row seedling raising hard discs consist of the seedling furrow, stay the wide walking road of 25~30cm between the seedling furrow;
Cover nonwoven on the seedling raising hard disc, the edge of nonwoven is pressed under the seedling raising hard disc.
7. rice machine rice transplanting hard place method of raising seedling according to claim 6 is characterized in that described step 2) in, when a) hard place is the cement flooring, is placed on walking with hose and pours water the hose water pump in the road;
When b) hard place is hardstand, follows the aisle and lay jet pipe, 7 meters of every spacings are set up tripod, mounting spray head on the tripod, shower nozzle connecting spray nozzle;
When c) hard place was the soil property place, trench digging in the aisle of being expert at was laid water pipe, and 7 meters of every spacings are set up tripod, mounting spray head on the tripod, nozzle connecting water receiving pipe.
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CN110663479A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-01-10 | 扬州大学 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for long-seedling-age machine-transplanted rice |
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