A kind of method utilizing natural pond slag for cultivating Ji mushroom
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of edible fungus culture, especially relate to a kind of method utilizing natural pond slag for cultivating Ji mushroom.
Background technology
Ji mushroom has another name called small mushroom, and form is graceful, and quality is tender and crisp, delicious flavour, is rich in protein, sugar, fat, vitamin and the trace element such as iron, calcium, eats for a long time, has the effect reducing hypertension and cholesterol; One of Rare edible fungus that Ji Guyeshi China is newly developed in recent years, has wide domestic and abroad market prospect.
Natural pond slag is the residue of biogas fermentation, primarily of undecomposed biomass material solid content and microbial cells composition, containing abundant organic matter, humus, crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various mineral matter, there is quality loosen, the feature that acid-base value is moderate, can meet Edible Fungi requirement.
But have not yet to see the relevant report of the method utilizing natural pond slag for cultivating Ji mushroom.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing natural pond slag for cultivating Ji mushroom, and object makes full use of natural pond slag, makes it to become the raw material being applicable to cultivation Ji mushroom, expand natural pond slag and utilize face, improve the level of comprehensive utilization of natural pond slag, meanwhile, increase Ji mushroom raw material sources.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme:
A kind of method utilizing natural pond slag for cultivating Ji mushroom of the present invention, comprise the preparation of planting material, inoculation, send out bacterium, fruiting, partial tide gather step, concrete operations are as follows:
(1) preparation of planting material:
Batching: by weight, first take dry natural pond slag 10 ~ 30 parts, 60 ~ 80 parts, ramulus mori bits, quicklime 1 part, fully to be mixed by above-mentioned substance and with water in mass ratio for 1:1.3 ratio mixes bonnet plastic film stack retting 48 hours, then add corn flour 8 parts, mixture mixed to obtain thoroughly by land plaster 1 part; Wherein, dry natural pond slag is that the wet natural pond slag adopted back is divided airing to water content below 15%, and by pulverizing the raw material base that obtained granularity is 1 ~ 2 millimeter; Ramulus mori bits are mulberry branchs through pulverizing the granularity obtained is 2 ~ 5 millimeters, and through airing to the raw material base of water content below 15%;
Pack sealing: according to the dry wet degree of mixture, pack and seal after mixture water content being adjusted to 60 ~ 65% with water, every bag in siccative charging 1 kilogram;
Sterilizing: by the sterilizing sterilizing 3 ~ 5 hours at 16 ~ 18 hours or 121 ~ 125 DEG C at 100 DEG C of packed mixture, obtain planting material;
Inoculate last week, carry out disinfection with 10 milliliters, formaldehyde and 5 grams, potassium permanganate by every cubic metre in advance between inoculation, and within first 4 hours, protect No. one by its specification requirement row sterilizing again with the special aerial fog disinfectant mushroom of edible mushroom in inoculation;
(2) inoculate: planting material is cooled to 20 ~ 30 DEG C of inoculation Ji mushrooms, bacterial classification selects mycelial growth stalwartness, pure white dense, free of contamination of the right age cultivated species;
(3) bacterium is sent out: postvaccinal planting material is placed in temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, cultivates 30 ~ 35 days under relative air humidity 60 ~ 70% condition, every day timing ventilation, and sending out bacterium 3 ~ 5 days collapses of setting in early stage once, 7 ~ 10 days middle and later periods collapse of setting once, and will by the inside and outside location swap up and down of the bacterium bag in buttress, send out bacterium in order to equilibrium, and prevent that planting material is overheated burns mycelia to death; Between bacteria developing period with pin in apart from 1 centimetre, bacterial classification leading edge 1 centimeters interval thorn, 1 centimetre of dark micropore, to reach the object that oxygenation inspires bacterium;
(4) after-ripening: cover with after cultivation bag until mycelia, and after the latter stage of ripening of 5 ~ 7 days, proceed to mushroom room; Mushroom room last week moved into by bacterium bag, and mushroom room carries out disinfection with 10 milliliters, formaldehyde and 5 grams, potassium permanganate by every cubic metre in advance, and carries out mushroom room desinsection with the pyrethroid of 1000 times of liquid;
(5) fruiting: temperature 10 ~ 20 DEG C, relative moisture 85 ~ 90%, round the clock ventilate and giving 300 ~ 500 lux scattered light conditions and by people for widen the temperature difference make the temperature difference reach 10 DEG C growth 5 ~ 10 days;
(6) partial tide is gathered: gather when mushroom umbrella maximum in one clump of mushroom reaches 3 centimetres; After going out one, two damp mushrooms, bacterium bag moisture and nutrient consumption are comparatively large, and every bag should suitable supplementary fertilizer water; Note rich water with special injector by bag, every bag of note rich water 0.30 ~ 0.60 kilogram, first time often goes out a damp mushroom note rich water once after noting rich water;
In above-mentioned steps (1), select through abundant fermentation maturity, normal gas producing more than 3 months, the wet natural pond slag muck without excrement stink is placed on the higher local draining of physical features, dries.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the plastic sack pack adopting polyethylene or polypropylene to make.
In above-mentioned steps (6), described rich water is 10% natural pond liquid, and namely liquid dilute with water in natural pond obtains, and the volume ratio of natural pond liquid and water is 1:10.
The advantages such as the present invention utilizes natural pond slag for cultivating edible mushroom to have to draw materials extensively, technology is simple, cost is low, high efficiency and material-saving, and expand natural pond slag and utilize face, improve the level of comprehensive utilization of natural pond slag, meanwhile, increase Ji mushroom raw material sources.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated:
Embodiment 1:
Take the dry natural pond slag 10 kilograms of pulverizing, ramulus mori considers 80 kilograms to be worth doing, quicklime 1 kilogram, above-mentioned each component is fully mixed and mixes bonnet plastic film stack retting 48 hours with water by weight for 1:1.3 ratio, add corn flour 8 kilograms again, mixture mixed to obtain thoroughly by land plaster 1 kilogram, according to the dry wet degree of mixture, mix thoroughly after mixture water content being adjusted to 65% with water, obtain Ji mushroom cultivation composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
By the above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating mixed thoroughly, be sub-packed in wide 23 centimetres, the special Polythene Bag of fruiting of long 45 centimetres, tightens sack, on average often packedly fills out dry substrate 1 kilogram, sterilizing 18 hours under 100 DEG C of conditions, after being cooled to 25 DEG C, and inoculation Ji mushroom; Postvaccinal cultivation material bag is placed in temperature is 20 ~ 22 DEG C, cultivates under relative air humidity 70% condition and within 30 days, carry out sending out a bacterium, the nurturing period every afternoon 5 of ventilation up to 8 time, and sending out bacterium 3 days collapses of setting in early stage once, 8 days middle and later periods collapse of setting once, and will by the inside and outside location swap up and down of the bacterium bag in buttress; Between bacteria developing period also with pin in apart from 1 centimetre, bacterial classification leading edge 1 centimeters interval thorn, 1 centimetre of dark micropore; To cover with after cultivation bag until mycelia, and after the latter stage of ripening of 5 days, be 85% in temperature 10 ~ 20 DEG C, relative moisture, ventilate round the clock and giving to grow 5 days under 500 lux scattered light conditions; To gather when mushroom umbrella maximum in one clump of mushroom reaches 3 centimetres a damp mushroom; After going out one, two damp mushrooms, bacterium bag moisture and nutrient consumption are comparatively large, every bag with special injector with 0.3 kilogram, the suitable supplementary fertilizer water of 10% natural pond liquid.
This example is compared to the conventional cultivation method not adding natural pond slag, and a damp mushroom output can increase by 14.5%.
Embodiment 2:
Take the dry natural pond slag 20 kilograms of pulverizing, ramulus mori considers 70 kilograms to be worth doing, quicklime 1 kilogram, above-mentioned each component fully to be mixed and with water in mass ratio for 1:1.3 ratio mixes bonnet plastic film stack retting 48 hours, add corn flour 8 kilograms again, mixture mixed to obtain thoroughly by land plaster 1 kilogram, according to the dry wet degree of mixture, mix thoroughly after mixture water content being adjusted to 63% with water, obtain Ji mushroom cultivation composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
By the above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating mixed thoroughly, be sub-packed in wide 23 centimetres, the polypropylene dedicated bag of fruiting of long 45 centimetres, tightens sack, on average often packedly fills out dry substrate 1 kilogram, sterilizing 5 hours under 121 DEG C of conditions, after being cooled to 25 DEG C, and inoculation Ji mushroom; Postvaccinal cultivation material bag is placed in temperature is 23 ~ 25 DEG C, cultivates 32 days under relative air humidity 65% condition, the nurturing period every afternoon 5 of ventilation up to 8 time, and sending out bacterium 5 days collapses of setting in early stage once, 9 days middle and later periods collapse of setting once, and will by the inside and outside location swap up and down of the bacterium bag in buttress; Between bacteria developing period also with pin in apart from 1 centimetre, bacterial classification leading edge 1 centimeters interval thorn, 1 centimetre of dark micropore; To cover with after cultivation bag until mycelia, and after the latter stage of ripening of 6 days, be 88% in temperature 10 ~ 20 DEG C, relative moisture, ventilate round the clock and giving to grow 8 days under 300 lux scattered light conditions; To gather when mushroom umbrella maximum in one clump of mushroom reaches 3 centimetres a damp mushroom; After going out one, two damp mushrooms, bacterium bag moisture and nutrient consumption are comparatively large, every bag with special injector with 0.5 kilogram, the suitable supplementary fertilizer water of 10% natural pond liquid.
This example is compared to the conventional cultivation method not adding natural pond slag, and a damp mushroom output can increase by 19.7%.
Embodiment 3:
Take the dry natural pond slag 30 kilograms of pulverizing, ramulus mori considers 60 kilograms to be worth doing, quicklime 1 kilogram, above-mentioned each component fully to be mixed and with water in mass ratio for 1:1.3 ratio mixes bonnet plastic film stack retting 48 hours, add corn flour 8 kilograms again, mixture mixed to obtain thoroughly by land plaster 1 kilogram, according to the dry wet degree of mixture, mix thoroughly after mixture water content being adjusted to 65% with water, obtain Ji mushroom cultivation composts or fertilisers of cultivating.
By the above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating mixed thoroughly, be sub-packed in wide 23 centimetres, the polypropylene dedicated bag of fruiting of long 45 centimetres, tightens sack, on average often packedly fills out dry substrate 1 kilogram, sterilizing 3 hours under 125 DEG C of conditions, after being cooled to 28 DEG C, and inoculation Ji mushroom; Postvaccinal cultivation material bag is placed in temperature is 20 ~ 23 DEG C, cultivates 35 days under relative air humidity 60% condition; Every afternoon 5 nurturing period ventilates up to 8 time, and is sending out bacterium 4 days collapses of setting in early stage once, and 10 days middle and later periods collapse of setting once, and will by the inside and outside location swap up and down of the bacterium bag in buttress; Between bacteria developing period also with pin in apart from 1 centimetre, bacterial classification leading edge 1 centimeters interval thorn, 1 centimetre of dark micropore; To cover with after cultivation bag until mycelia, and after the latter stage of ripening of 7 days, be 85% in temperature 10 ~ 20 DEG C, relative moisture, ventilate round the clock and giving to grow 10 days under 400 lux scattered light conditions; To gather when mushroom umbrella maximum in one clump of mushroom reaches 3 centimetres a damp mushroom; After going out one, two damp mushrooms, bacterium bag moisture and nutrient consumption are comparatively large, every bag with special injector with 0.6 kilogram, the suitable supplementary fertilizer water of 10% natural pond liquid.
This example is compared to the conventional cultivation method not adding natural pond slag, and a damp mushroom output can increase by 9.3%.