CN103347429B - 与杀菌溶液使用的揩巾 - Google Patents
与杀菌溶液使用的揩巾 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103347429B CN103347429B CN201280008153.XA CN201280008153A CN103347429B CN 103347429 B CN103347429 B CN 103347429B CN 201280008153 A CN201280008153 A CN 201280008153A CN 103347429 B CN103347429 B CN 103347429B
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium ethoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC[O-] RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monolauroylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000004927 skin cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010268 sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- URLJMZWTXZTZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium myristyl sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O URLJMZWTXZTZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005425 sodium myristyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ODNOQSYKKAFMIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-(2-undecylimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1CC(O)=O ODNOQSYKKAFMIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCS([O-])(=O)=O IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCC([O-])=O HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate Chemical compound [Na+].COC(=O)C1=CC=C([O-])C=C1 PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IXMINYBUNCWGER-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-propoxycarbonylphenolate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C([O-])C=C1 IXMINYBUNCWGER-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSMFSDCPJHNZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid monodecyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O CSMFSDCPJHNZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid monooctyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O UZZYXUGECOQHPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBNOUEFUWQCVFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undec-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=CC(N)=O UBNOUEFUWQCVFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
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- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
- A47L13/17—Cloths; Pads; Sponges containing cleaning agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
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Abstract
提供了一种包含聚合物涂层的抗菌揩巾,所述聚合物涂层具有协同组合的成分以提供抗菌剂的控制释放以及还提供良好的抗菌效力。一种这样的成分是高分子量的聚酰胺‑胺隔离剂。由于该隔离剂的多阳离子性质,其能够粘附到一般地由具有负表面电荷的纤维(例如,纤维素纤维)所形成的揩巾。如此,隔离剂可以占据揩巾上的结合位点,以抑制抗菌剂粘附到其上,从而使得抗菌剂能压出到杀菌溶液中,以杀死所期望表面上的微生物。通过将聚酰胺‑胺交联以提高其分子量从而使其能够形成结构网络,来进一步地增强隔离剂与揩巾的粘附,所述的结构网络物理粘附到揩巾并且阻碍抗菌剂结合到所述的揩巾。除此之外,将聚酰胺‑胺酰胺化,以使其含有仲和/或叔酰胺。在聚合物涂层中还采用细胞透化剂,以在使用过程中提高抗菌剂的效力。更具体地,多阳离子材料在透化细胞外膜时是特别有用的,而不会不利地影响聚酰胺‑胺释放揩巾中抗菌剂的能力。
Description
发明背景
已使用抗菌剂对揩巾进行处理,所述揩巾用于清洁包括硬表面、皮肤等的多种多样的不同表面。已采用的一类抗菌剂是水溶性的或者水可分散性的阳离子抗菌活性物,例如季铵化合物(例如苯乙铵或者苄烷铵盐)。可将这些抗菌剂掺入含水的杀菌溶液中,所述杀菌溶液在生产过程中施加到揩巾(即预先润湿的揩巾)或者随后由消费者在使用前添加到揩巾。然而,一个问题是某些抗菌剂可以与极性纤维结合,并因此在杀死存在于表面上的细菌方面通常不太有效。另一个问题是抗菌剂在短时间后容易被耗尽,致使它们仅温和地抑制生长,或者只能用于非常有限次数的擦拭。解决此问题的一个尝试描述在第5,421,898号美国专利中。在该’898专利中,通过用水溶性聚合物和季盐消毒剂的含水组合物的残留物涂布基材,来控制消毒剂从基材的释放。所述的水溶性聚合物(例如聚乙烯醇)的重均分子量是85,000到186,000,并且水解度是87%到89%。然而,不幸的是,这种性质的涂层仍然不足以有效地抑制季盐消毒剂在极性材料上的吸收,所述极性材料例如基于纤维素的纤维纤网。除此之外,该聚合物涂层还可通过在使用过程中从揩巾渗出并将细菌的细胞壁与抗菌剂阻隔开来降低抗菌效力。
因此,当前需要有效并且能够在使用过程中释放大部分抗菌剂的抗菌揩巾。
发明概述
根据本发明的一个实施方式,公开了与杀菌溶液使用的揩巾。所述的揩巾包括纤维基材,在所述的纤维基材上放置了聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包含隔离剂(releaseagent)和细胞透化剂(permeabilizer)。所述的隔离剂包括交联的聚酰胺-胺,并且所述的细胞透化剂包括多阳离子物质。所述的交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量为约500,000克每摩尔或者更高,并且交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量与多阳离子物质的重均分子量的比值大于1。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,公开了用于消毒表面的方法。所述方法包括将表面与浸渍有杀菌溶液的揩巾接触,致使所述溶液从中压(express)出。所述杀菌溶液包括抗菌剂。所述的揩巾包括纤维基材,在所述的纤维基材上上放置了聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包含隔离剂和细胞透化剂。所述隔离剂包括交联的聚酰胺-胺,以及所述细胞透化剂包括多阳离子物质,其中所述交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量为约500,000克每摩尔或者更高,并且交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量与多阳离子物质的重均分子量的比值大于1。
在下文中更加详细地描述了本发明的其他特征和方面。
代表性实施方案的详细描述
定义
如本文所使用的,术语“无纺纤网(nonwoven web)”通常指具有独立的纤维或线的结构的纤网,所述纤维或线是层叠(interlaid)的,但不像针织物那样以可确认的方式层叠。合适的无纺纤网的实例包括但不限于熔喷纤网、纺粘纤网、梳理纤网、湿铺纤网(wetlaid webs)、气流法纤网(airlaid webs)等。所述无纺纤网的基重可以变化,例如从约5克每平方米(“gsm”)到约120gsm,在一些实施方式中从约10gsm到约70gsm,以及在一些实施方式中从约15gsm到约35gsm。
如本文所使用的,术语“熔喷纤网”一般指无纺纤网,该无纺纤网通过这样的过程形成,即在所述过程中熔融的热塑性材料通过多个细的,通常是圆形的模头毛细管挤出成为熔融纤维进入会聚的高速气(例如空气)流中,所述气流使得熔融的热塑性材料变细从而降低其直径,其可以达到微纤维直径。随后,所述熔喷纤维由高速气流携带并沉积于收集表面上以形成无规分散的熔喷纤维的纤网。该过程公开于,例如Butin等人的第3,849,241号美国专利中。一般而言,熔喷纤维可以是基本上连续或者非连续的微纤维,通常直径小于10微米,并且当沉积于收集表面上时通常是发粘的。
如本文所使用的,术语“纺粘纤网”通常指含有小直径的基本上连续的纤维的纤网。所述纤维通过从喷丝头的多个细的,通常是圆形的毛细管挤出熔融的热塑性材料形成,该挤出的纤维的直径随后通过例如离析拉丝(eductive drawing)和/或其他众所周知的纺粘机制迅速减小。纺粘纤网的生产描述并图示于,例如,Appel等人的第4,340,563号美国专利,Dorschner等人的第3,692,618号美国专利,Matsuki等人的第3,802,817号美国专利,Kinney的第3,338,992号美国专利,Kinney的第3,341,394号美国专利,Hartman的第3,502,763号美国专利,Levy的第3,502,538号美国专利,Dobo等人的第3,542,615号美国专利,以及Pike等人的第5,382,400号美国专利中。纺粘纤维当其沉积到收集表面上时通常不是发粘的。纺粘纤维有时可以具有小于约40微米的直径,并且通常具有约5到约20微米的直径。
如本文所使用的,术语“梳理纤网”指由人造短纤维(staple fibers)制成的纤网,所述人造短纤维被输送通过精梳或梳理单元,所述单元分离或分开并在加工方向上排列所述人造短纤维,以形成大体上加工方向取向的纤维性无纺纤网。该纤维通常以捆的形式获得并置于拆捆机/共混机或拣选机中,其在梳理单元之前分离所述纤维。一旦形成,所述纤网可以随后通过一种或多种已知的方式黏合。
如本文所使用的,术语“气流法纤网”指由纤维束制成的纤网,所述纤维束具有约3到约19毫米(mm)的典型长度。所述纤维被分离,夹带在空气源中,并随后沉积到成形表面上,其通常在真空源的协助下。一旦形成,该纤网随后通过一种或多种已知的方法黏合。
详述
在此具体参考本发明的多个实施方式,其中的一个或多个实例在下文中说明。各个实例以说明的方式而不是限制本发明的方式提供。实际上,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,可以对本发明进行多种修改和改变而不背离本发明的范围或者精神。例如,作为一个实施方式的部分来阐明或者描述的特征可以用于另一个实施方式,来产生再另外的实施方式。因此本发明旨在涵盖这样的修改和改变。
一般来说,本发明涉及包含聚合物涂层的抗菌揩巾,所述聚合物涂层具有协同组合的成分以提供抗菌剂的控制释放并且还提供良好的抗菌效力。一种这样的成分是高分子量的聚酰胺-胺隔离剂。由于该隔离剂的多阳离子性质,其能够粘附到通常由具有负表面电荷的纤维(例如,纤维素纤维)所形成的揩巾。如此,隔离剂可以占据揩巾上的结合位点,以抑制抗菌剂粘附到其上,从而允许抗菌剂压出(express)到杀菌溶液中,以杀死所期望表面上的微生物。通过将聚酰胺-胺交联以提高其分子量从而使其能够形成结构网络,来进一步增强隔离剂与揩巾的粘附,所述的结构网络物理粘附到揩巾并且能够阻断抗菌剂结合到所述的揩巾。除此之外,将聚酰胺-胺酰胺化,以使其含有仲和/或叔酰胺。不希望受到理论的限制,相信该酰胺化能够帮助使涂层具有两亲性,从而使其在含水的杀菌溶液中更难溶解,并且使其更可能在使用过程中保留在揩巾上。尽管聚酰胺-胺能够粘附到揩巾,并且帮助阻断抗菌剂结合到所述揩巾,但是有时候少量可能渗出到杀菌溶液中。由于交联网络的尺寸相对较大,任意压出的聚酰胺-胺会潜在地限制抗菌剂到达细菌的细胞壁。出于这一考虑,在聚合物涂层中还采用了细胞透化剂,以在使用过程中提高抗菌剂的效力。更具体地,多阳离子材料在透化细胞外膜时是特别有用的,而不会不利地影响聚酰胺-胺释放揩巾内的抗菌剂的能力。
现在将更详细地描述本发明的多个实施方式。
I.聚合物涂层
如所指出的,本发明的聚合物涂层包括聚酰胺-胺隔离剂。该聚合物一般地是由多胺预聚物形成的,所述的多胺预聚物和交联剂反应,来形成具有多种不同的可能形状的支化的交联网络,所述的形状例如超支化、树枝状、梳状(comb-like)等等。所述的预聚物可以是分子中包括三个或更多的碱性氮原子的聚亚烷基多胺,以及在一些实施方式中,分子中包括3到10个碱性氮原子。适合的聚亚烷基多胺的实例包括,例如,二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、二氨基亚丙基乙二胺、三氨基丙基胺、聚乙烯亚胺等等,以及其混合物。在一个实施方式中,例如,所述的多胺是通过在催化剂(例如二氧化碳、亚硫酸氢钠、硫酸、过氧化氢、盐酸、乙酸等等)的存在下聚合亚乙基亚胺而制备的。起始的聚乙烯亚胺可以具有约300到约1,000,000的重均分子量,以及在一些实施方式中可以具有约10,000到约75,000的重均分子量。所述的预聚物还可以是接枝了亚乙基亚胺的多胺,例如在Scharf等人的第4,144,123号美国专利中所描述的,出于所有相关的目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。这可以通过,例如,使亚乙基亚胺在酸(例如,硫酸、磷酸、三氟化硼醚化物,等等)的存在下作用于多胺来完成。例如,可以将1到50个,以及在一些实施方式中2到25个亚乙基亚胺单元接枝到多胺中每个碱性氮基团上。其他用于制备多胺的方法在本领域内是众所周知的,并且描述在,例如:Ulrich等人的第2,182,306号美国专利、Mayle等人的第3,033,746号美国专利、Esselmann等人的第2,208,095号美国专利、Crowther等人的第2,806,839号美国专利和Wilson等人的第2,553,696号美国专利。
多胺的酰胺化可以按照多种不同的方式来完成。例如,预聚物(未经交联的)的酰胺化可以通过羧酸和多胺的伯或者仲胺基团的缩合来进行。类似地,酰胺化的预聚物和/或未经酰胺化的预聚物的交联也可以导致酰胺化。在一个实施方式中,例如,酰胺化的多胺预聚物最初是通过聚亚烷基多胺和单官能或者多官能的羧酸或其衍生物(例如羧酸酯、羧酸酐、碳酰卤或者烷基双烯酮)的缩合反应来制备的,所述的羧酸或其衍生物含有1到28个碳原子,以及在一些实施方式中含有1到18个碳原子,并且可以是饱和的或者可以含有一个或多个烯键式不饱和非共轭双键。适合的单官能羧酸可以包括,例如,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、癸酸、2-乙基己酸、苯甲酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、芥子酸、二十二碳烷酸以及其衍生物和混合物。适合的多官能羧酸类似地包括二羧酸,例如琥珀酸、马来酸、己二酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、对苯二甲酸等;三羧酸;多元羧酸,以及其衍生物和混合物。例如,可以采用得自天然存在的脂肪酯的脂肪酸混合物,例如来自椰子脂、牛油、大豆油、亚麻籽油、油菜籽油和鱼油的脂肪酸混合物。二羧酸的半酯,例如琥珀酸单甲酯、琥珀酸单乙酯、马来酸单甲酯、延胡索酸单甲酯和马来酸单叔丁酯;以及单烯键不饱和羧酸,例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸也是适合的。
酰胺化的结果是,在聚亚烷基多胺中至少一部分的伯和仲氮原子分别形成仲和叔酰胺。一般地,在聚亚烷基多胺中能够经历酰胺化的氮原子有约0.1%到约90%以氨基基团存在,致使该聚合物保留至少一些NH基团用于随后的反应,例如与交联剂反应。如果期望,聚合物可以是仅仅“部分地”酰胺化的,原因是所述的聚亚烷基多胺仅经历约1%到约50%,以及在一些实施方式中约2%到约30%的酰胺化。这样的部分酰胺化的缩合物描述在,例如,Scherr等人的第5,536,370号美国专利中,出于所有相关的目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。
可以使用现有技术中已知的多种不同交联剂的任意一种来使预聚物(酰胺化的或者未酰胺化的)发生交联。一般地,采用包括至少两个官能团的交联剂,例如双氯代醇(bischlorohydrin)或者缩水甘油醚、二氯聚亚烷基二醇、二氯代烷烃或者邻位的二氯代烷烃(例如1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,3-二氯丙烷、1,4-二氯丁烷和1,6-二氯己烷)、表氯醇反应产物(例如甘油、乙氧基化或者丙氧基化的甘油、在分子中具有2到15个甘油单元的聚甘油,以及可以乙氧基化的和/或丙氧基化的聚甘油都用作多元醇)。还可以采用无卤素的交联剂。该无卤素的交联剂一般地是多官能的(例如,双官能的),并且包括例如(1)碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯和/或尿素,(2)单烯键不饱和羧酸和其酯、酰胺和酸酐,至少二元的饱和羧酸,或者多羧酸及由其各自衍生的酯、醚和酸酐,例如上文中所描述的,(3)聚醚二胺、亚烷基二胺、聚亚烷基多胺、亚烷基二醇、聚亚烷基二醇或者其混合物与单烯键不饱和羧酸,单烯键不饱和羧酸的酯、酰胺或者酸酐的反应产物,该反应产物具有至少两个烯键式不饱和双键,和酰胺基、羧基或者酯基作为官能团,(4)二羧酸酯与亚乙基亚胺的反应产物,该反应产物包括至少两个氮丙啶基团,以及所标明的交联剂的混合物,等等。所述的交联剂包括单烯键不饱和二元羧酸或者单烯键不饱和二元羧酸的酯、酰胺或者酸酐。该交联剂更具体地描述在Steuerle等人的第6,056,967号美国专利中,出于所有相关的目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。多官能的羧酸及其衍生物,例如上文所描述的,是尤其适合的交联剂。除了提高分子量之外,与特定类型的试剂(例如多官能的羧酸)进行交联也可以导致聚合物的酰胺化。
除了上文所引用的修饰之外,应当理解的是,聚酰胺-胺可以使用多种现有技术中已知的其它技术来进行修饰。例如,聚酰胺-胺可以在酰胺化和/或交联之前、之后和/或过程中进行烷氧基化。术语“烷氧基化”一般地是指胺与烯化氧的反应。适合的烯化氧可以包括,例如,环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、异丁烯氧化物、1,2-丁烯氧化物、2,3-丁烯氧化物、戊烯氧化物、苯乙烯氧化物以及其混合物。烯化氧基团和结合到胺中的氮的酸性氢原子的比例一般地是约1:1到约300:1。用于将烯化氧和多胺反应的技术在本领域内是已知的,并且更具体地描述于Mohr等人的第6,235,940号美国专利、Thankashan等人的第7,736,525号美国专利中,出于所有目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。例如,在某些实施方式中,反应是在碱性催化剂的存在下进行的,所述的催化剂例如为碱金属氢氧化物(例如氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或者氢氧化铯),碱金属醇盐(例如甲醇基钠或者钾、乙醇钾、异丙醇钾或者叔丁醇钾)等等。
不管其形成的具体方式如何,所得到的交联的聚酰胺-胺具有相对高的分子量。即,重均分子量一般地是约500,000克每摩尔或者更高,在一些实施方式中是约750,000克每摩尔或者更高,以及在一些实施方式中是约1,000,000到约2,000,000克每摩尔,所述的重均分子量是使用任意的已知技术来测定的,例如通过光散射。相信这样的高分子量结构促进聚合物网络与纤维基材结构上整合的能力,从而提高其阻断抗菌剂粘附到纤维基材的能力。
然而,如前文中所表明的,如果在使用过程中有任意的交联的聚酰胺-胺网络渗出揩巾,那么交联的聚酰胺-胺网络相对大的尺寸可以导致细菌细胞壁被堵塞。在这方面,本发明人发现可以在聚合物涂层中采用多阳离子物质来帮助透化细菌的细胞壁,并且提高抗菌剂的效力,从而弥补由于隔离剂的渗出而遭遇的任意效力降低。例如,革兰氏阴性细菌的膜的外叶具有独特的脂多糖(“LPS”)分子,所述的脂多糖分子通常有助于形成针对疏水性物质和大分子的可渗透屏障。不愿意受理论的限制,相信多阳离子物质可以***到外膜上,导致其变弱并且变得更容易遭受抗菌剂的攻击。
一般来说,所述的多阳离子物质是聚合物,其分子量足够低以使其不以上文所描述的方式阻断细菌的细胞,但是其分子量足够高以使其不会不利地影响聚合物涂层能够结合到揩巾的程度。例如,所述的多阳离子物质一般地比聚酰胺-胺隔离剂的平均分子量更低,以使隔离剂的平均分子量与透化剂的平均分子量的比值大于约1,在一些实施方式中为约1.1到约3,以及在一些实施方式中为约1.2到约1.8。多阳离子细胞透化剂的重均分子量可以是,例如,约200,000克每摩尔到约1,500,000克每摩尔,在一些实施方式中是约400,000克每摩尔到约1,200,000克每摩尔,以及在一些实施方式中是约600,000到约1,000,000克每摩尔,其使用任意已知的技术来测定,例如通过光散射。
适合用作细胞透化剂的多阳离子物质可以包括,例如,多粘菌素、多熔素、鱼精蛋白、多胺等等,以及其衍生物和混合物。在一个具体的实施方式中,所述的多胺可以是例如前文描述的交联的聚酰胺-胺。除了其他的方面之外,本发明人发现了使用交联的聚酰胺-胺可以具有至少一些与隔离剂相同的益处,但是由于其较低的分子量可以有效地作为透化剂起作用。实际上,在某些实施方式中,细胞透化剂实际上可以来自类似于前文所述的高分子量的聚酰胺-胺的起始材料。这可以通过使起始材料经历过滤步骤(例如超滤)来实现,所述的过滤步骤除去作为渗透物的低分子量组分,并且分离出高分子量的组分。所述的高分子量组分可以作为透化剂使用,其具有低于起始材料的分子量并且该分子量在前文所标明的范围以内。尽管不作要求,用作细胞透化剂的高分子量组分可以比起始材料具有更窄的分子量分布。例如,最初的起始材料的多分散指数(重均分子量除以数均分子量)可以是约400或者更高,例如使用传统技术(例如凝胶渗透色谱法)测定。然而,用作细胞透化剂的高分子量组分可以具有2到350的多分散系数,以及在一些实施方式中具有约10到300的多分散系数。用于上述的分离该聚合物的各种过滤技术和材料描述在,例如,Steuerle等人的第6,056,967号美国专利中。
多阳离子的细胞透化剂和聚酰胺-胺隔离剂的相对量可以变化。然而,在大多数实施方式中,期望细胞透化剂占聚合物涂层更大的重量百分比,以确保充分的抗菌效力。例如,细胞透化剂与隔离剂的重量比例一般地是约1到约20,在一些实施方式中是约1.5到约15,以及在一些实施方式中是约2到约10。所述的细胞透化剂可以,例如,占涂层按干基计的约50wt.%到约99wt.%,在一些实施方式中占约60wt.%到约95wt.%,以及在一些实施方式中占约70wt.%到约90wt.%。类似地,隔离剂可以占涂层以干基计的约1wt.%到约50wt.%,在一些实施方式中占约5wt.%到约40wt.%,以及在一些实施方式中占约10wt.%到约30wt.%。
II.揩巾构成
本发明的揩巾一般地包括纤维基材,在所述的纤维基材上放置了聚合物涂层。所述的聚合物涂层可以在基材的形成过程中施加到基材,或者使用已知的技术简单地施加到揩巾的全部或部分表面上,所述的已知的技术例如印刷、浸渍、喷涂、熔融挤出、涂覆(coating)(例如溶剂涂覆、粉末涂覆、刷涂等等)、发泡等等。在一个实施方式中,例如,通过浸渍、喷涂或者印刷来向揩巾施加涂层。涂层可以是在揩巾的表面上连续的或者不连续的。图案可以,例如,仅覆盖约5%到约95%的揩巾表面,在一些实施例中覆盖约10%到约90%的揩巾表面,以及在一些实施方式中覆盖约20%到约75%的揩巾表面。这样的图案化的应用可以具有多种益处,包括改善柔软度和悬垂性(drape)、提高吸收能力,等等。
一般地,在施加到纤维基材之前,将聚合物涂层的成分加入到涂层溶液中。溶液形成的方式可以如本领域技术人员所知的发生变化。在一个实施方式中,例如,聚酰胺-胺隔离剂和多阳离子的细胞透化剂可以与溶剂组合到一起,以形成施加到基材上的单一的涂层溶液。供选择地,可以在单独的涂覆步骤中施加隔离剂和细胞透化剂,以使其存在于单一涂层的不同层中。用于形成涂层配方的溶剂(或者多种溶剂)可以变化,例如为水、有机溶剂等等。由于聚酰胺-胺和多阳离子的细胞透化剂一般地是水溶性的,因此通常使用水。如果期望,在各个涂覆步骤之后可以将基材在某个温度下进行干燥,以从溶液中赶走溶剂。可以使用任意的已知步骤来完成干燥,例如烘箱、干燥辊(例如热风式干燥、杨克式烘缸)等等。揩巾的干燥温度一般地取决于其干燥的时间段,但是一般地在至少约20℃下,以及在一些实施方式中在约30℃到约100℃下。
涂层的固体添加水平(solids add-on level)一般地是约0.1%到约20%,在一些实施方式中是约0.5%到约15%,以及在一些实施方式中是约1%到约10%。所述的“固体添加水平”是通过将经处理的基材(干燥之后)的重量减去未经处理的基材的重量,再将该计算的重量除以未经处理的基材的重量,并且然后乘以100%来测定的。更低的添加水平可以提供基材的最佳功能,而更高的添加水平可以提供基材的最佳效力。
纤维基材的性质可以根据预期用途而变化,并且可以包括如无纺纤网、针织物、机织物、棉织物等材料。在一个实施方式中,例如,所述的纤维基材包括无纺纤网,所述的无纺纤网包含在期望的应用中使用的具有充分的湿强度和吸收能力的吸收性材料。例如,所述的无纺纤网可以包括通过多种制浆工艺形成的吸收性纤维素纤维,例如牛皮纸浆、亚硫酸盐纸浆、热力机械纸浆等等。该纸浆纤维可以是高平均纤维长度纸浆、低平均纤维长度纸浆或者其混合物。适合的高平均长度绒毛浆纤维的一个实例包括软木牛皮纸浆纤维。软木牛皮纸浆纤维得自针叶树,并且包括了以下的纸浆纤维:包括但不限于,北方、西方和南方软木品种,包括红杉、红刺柏、铁杉、花旗松、冷杉(true firs)、松(例如南方松)、云杉(例如黑云杉),其组合等等。可以将北方软木牛皮纸浆纤维用于本发明中。适用于本发明的市售南方软木牛皮纸浆纤维的实例包括可得自办公场所位于Federal Way,Washington的Weyerhaeuser Company的商品名为“NF-405”的那些。另一种适用于本发明中的纸浆是经漂白的硫酸盐木浆,该木浆主要含有可得自办公场所位于Greenville,SC的Bowater Corp.的软木纤维,其商品名为CoosAbsorb S纸浆。本发明中还可以使用低平均长度纤维。适合的低平均长度的纸浆纤维的实例是硬木牛皮纸纤维。硬木牛皮纸纤维得自落叶树木,并且包括但不限于以下的纸浆纤维:桉树、枫树、桦树、山杨等等。可以特别地希望使用桉树牛皮纸浆来提高片材的柔软度、改善亮度、增加不透明度、并且改变片材的孔结构以提高其芯吸能力。除此之外,可以在本发明中使用其他的吸收纤维,例如蕉麻、印度草、乳草、菠萝叶、纤维素酯、纤维素醚、纤维素硝酸酯、纤维素乙酸酯、纤维素乙酸丁酸酯、乙基纤维素、再生纤维素(例如纤维胶或者人造丝)等等。
在所述的无纺纤网中还可以采用合成热塑性纤维,所述的合成热塑性纤维例如由以下的物质形成的:聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯等等;聚四氟乙烯;聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等等;聚醋酸乙烯酯;聚氯乙烯醋酸酯;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;丙烯酸树脂,如聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等等;聚酰胺,例如尼龙;聚氯乙烯;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚苯乙烯;聚乙烯醇;聚氨酯;聚乳酸;其共聚物等等。由于多种合成的热塑性纤维固有地是疏水性的(即,不可润湿的),这样的纤维可以任选地通过在纤网形成之前、过程中和/或之后使用表面活性剂溶液处理,以使其具有更高的亲水性(即,可润湿的)。也可以采用提高可润湿性的其他已知方法,例如在Sayovitz等人的第5,057,361号美国专利中所描述的。
当采用时,所述的合成纤维可以是单组分的或者是多组分的。多组分的纤维是由至少两种聚合物组分形成的纤维。这样的纤维一般地是从单独的挤出机中挤出,但是纺到一起来形成一根纤维的。尽管多组分纤维可以包括类似的或者相同的聚合物材料的单独的组分,但是各个组分的聚合物通常彼此不同。单个组分一般地排列在大体上恒定放置的纤维横截面的不同区域,并且大体上沿着纤维的整个长度延伸。这样的纤维的构造可以是并排式(side-by-side)排列、馅饼型(pie)排列或者任意其他的排列。多组分纤维及其制备方法教导于:Kaneko等人的第5,108,820号美国专利,Kruege等人的第4,795,668号美国专利,Hills的第5,162,074号美国专利,Hogle等人的第5,277,976号美国专利,Strack等人的第5,336,552号美国专利,Hills的第5,466,410号美国专利,Largman等人的第5,069,970号美国专利,Largman等人的第5,057,368号美国专利,Pike等人的第5,382,400号美国专利,以及Cook的第5,989,004号美国专利。当采用时,多组分纤维也可以是可分开的。在制造可分开的多组分纤维时,共同地形成统一的多组分纤维的单个段沿着多组分纤维的纵向上在某种方式上是连续的,以使一个或多个段形成所述统一的多组分纤维外表面的部分。换言之,一个或多个段沿着多组分纤维的外周暴露。例如,可分开的多组分纤维和制造该纤维的方法描述在Pike的第5,935,883号美国专利和Marmon等人的第6,200,669号美国专利中。
如果期望,所述的无纺纤网材料可以是包括合成热塑性聚合物纤维和吸收性纤维的组合的复合材料,例如聚丙烯和纸浆纤维。该纤维的相对百分比可以根据无纺复合材料的期望性质在宽的范围内变化。例如,所述的无纺复合材料可以包括约1wt.%到约60wt.%的合成聚合物纤维,在一些实施方式中包括约5wt.%到约50wt.%的合成聚合物纤维,以及在一些实施方式中包括约10wt.%到约40wt.%的合成聚合物纤维。所述的无纺复合材料可以类似地包括约40wt.%到约99wt.%的吸收性纤维,在一些实施方式中包括约50wt.%到约95wt.%的吸收性纤维,以及在一些实施方式中包括约60wt.%到约90wt.%的吸收性纤维。
可以使用多种已知技术来形成无纺复合材料。例如,无纺复合材料可以是包括热塑性纤维和第二非热塑性材料的混合物或者稳定化基质的“共成型材料”。例如,共成型材料可以通过以下过程制备:将至少一个熔喷模头放置在斜槽的附近,在纤网形成的同时通过所述的斜槽来加入其他的材料。这样的其他材料可以包括但不限于纤维有机材料,例如木质或者非木质纸浆,例如棉花、人造丝、回收纸、绒毛浆以及超吸收颗粒、无机的和/或有机的吸收材料、经处理的聚合物短纤维等等。该共成型材料的一些实例公开在Anderson等人的第4,100,324号美国专利、Everhart等人的第5,284,703号美国专利以及Georger等人的第5,350,624号美国专利中,出于所有相关的目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。
供选择地,所述的无纺复合材料可以通过使用高压喷射的水流水力缠结纤维和/或丝来形成。短长度纤维和连续丝的水力缠结的无纺复合材料公开在,例如,Evans等人的第3,494,821号美国专利和Boulton的第4,144,370号美国专利中,出于所有相关的目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。连续丝无纺纤网和纸浆纤维的水力缠结无纺复合材料公开在,例如Everhart等人的第5,284,703号美国专利和Anderson等人的第6,315,864号美国专利,出于所有目的将其全文引入本文作为参考。
不论用于形成揩巾的材料或者方法如何,一般地希望揩巾的基重是约20到约500克每平方米(gsm),以及在一些实施方式中是约35到约350gsm。较低基重的产品可尤其适用于轻型揩巾,而较高基重的产品更适用作工业揩巾。
所述的揩巾可以呈现多种形状,包括但不限于,一般地为圆形、椭圆形、正方形、矩形、三角形或者不规则形状。每张单个揩巾可以按照折叠的构型来排列,并且将一个堆叠在另一个上面来提供湿揩巾堆。该折叠构型对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的,并且包括了c-折叠、z-折叠、四分之一折叠的构型等等。例如,所述的揩巾可以具有约2.0到约80.0厘米的未折叠长度,以及在一些实施方式中具有约10.0到约25.0厘米的未折叠长度。同样地,所述的揩巾可以具有约2.0到约80.0厘米的未折叠宽度,以及在一些实施方式中具有约10.0到约25.0厘米的未折叠宽度。可以将折叠的揩巾堆放置在容器的内部,例如塑料桶中,来提供最终销售给顾客的揩巾包。供选择地,所述的揩巾可以包括连续的材料条,所述的材料条在每张揩巾之间有穿孔并且堆叠排列或者缠绕成卷用于分配。用于递送揩巾的各种适合的分配器、容器和***描述在Buczwinski等人的第5,785,179号美国专利、Zander的第5,964,351号美国专利、Zander的第6,030,331号美国专利、Haynes等人的第6,158,614号美国专利、Huang等人的第6,269,969号美国专利和Newman等人的第6,273,359号美国专利中。
III.杀菌溶液
为了赋予所期望抗菌特性,还将杀菌溶液施加到聚合物涂布的揩巾。可以在生产过程中将溶液施加到揩巾,从而使揩巾在使用前或者在使用过程中“预先被润湿”。供选择地,将揩巾作为“干燥”揩巾来提供,并且可以由消费者、使用者等等在使用前或者在使用过程中简单地将杀菌溶液加到所述的揩巾。
所述的揩巾可以通过本领域已知的任意适合的方法来施加杀菌溶液,所述的方法例如喷涂、浸渍(dipping)、浸透、浸渍(impregnating)、刷涂等等。可以添加到揩巾的杀菌溶液的量可以根据所使用的揩巾材料的类型、用于储存该揩巾的容器的类型、杀菌溶液的性质和所期望的揩巾的最终用途来变化。一般来说,每张揩巾包括基于揩巾干重的约150wt.%到约600wt.%的杀菌溶液,和可期望地约300wt.%到约500wt.%的杀菌溶液。在揩巾由相对吸收性的基材(包括纸浆纤维的织物)制成的实施方式中,揩巾中所包括的杀菌溶液的量可以是基于揩巾干重的约300wt.%到约600%,以及可期望地为约500wt.%。在揩巾由相对非吸收性的基材(例如聚丙烯熔喷或者纺粘织物)制成的实施方式中,揩巾中所包括的杀菌溶液的量可以是基于揩巾干重的约150wt.%到约500wt.%,以及可期望地为约400wt.%。
然而,不论杀菌溶液所施加的方式如何,杀菌溶液一般地包括抗菌剂。任意能够将微生物(例如革兰氏阴性细菌和/或***)杀死和/或抑制其生长的抗菌剂都可以用于本发明。在一个具体的实施方式中,抗菌剂包括了具有下式的至少一种季铵化合物:
其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4独立地选自H、C1-C30烷基、C1-C30烯基、C1-C30烷基乙氧基、C1-C30烷基苯酚乙氧基等;以及
A选自卤素(例如氯、溴、氟等等)、甲基硫酸盐(methosulfate)、磷酸盐等。例如,可以用于本发明的一些适合的季铵化合物包括但不限于:氯化苯甲烃铵(BZK,benzalkoniumchloride)或者其他的苯甲烃铵(benzalkonium)卤化物、氯化苯铵松宁(benzethoniumchloride)或者其他的苯铵松宁(benzethonium)卤化物、氯化十六烷基吡啶、地喹氯铵、N-肉豆蔻基-N-甲基-吗啉甲基硫酸盐、聚-N-3-(二甲基铵基)丙基-N-3-(乙烯氧乙烯二甲基铵基)二氯化丙基脲(poly-N-3-(dimethylammonio)propyl-N-3-(ethyleneoxyethelenedimethyl ammonio)propylurea dichloride)、α-4-1-三(2-羟乙基)氯化铵-2-丁烯基-ω-三(2-羟乙基)氯化铵、聚氧乙烯(二甲基亚氨基)乙烯(二甲基亚氨基)-二氯化乙烯。
在一些实施方式中,可以采用具有下式的季铵卤化物化合物:
其中,
R是C8-C18烷基;以及
A是卤素原子,例如氯、溴、氟等等。包括该季铵化合物的抗菌剂的一个市售的实例来自Lonza,Inc.,Allendale,NJ,商品名为208M。具体地,208M包含烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的共混物。认为适合的季铵化合物的其他市售实例包括了2050和2080(基于二烷基(C8-C10)二甲基氯化铵);2250和2280(二癸基二甲基氯化铵);LF和LF 80(基于二辛基二甲基氯化铵);MB-50和MB-80(基于烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵);MX-50和MX-80(基于烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵);OJ-50和OJ-80(基于烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵);4250、4280、4250Z和4280Z(基于烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和/或烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵)和MS-100(基于肉豆蔻基二甲基苄基氯化铵),其可得自Lonza,Inc.。包括该化合物的适合的杀菌溶液也是市售的,例如II 128,其由Diversey,Inc.销售,并且包括N-烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、二癸基二甲基氯化铵和乙醇。共混的季铵盐化合物的再其他的溶液可得自位于St.Paul,MN的Ecolab,Inc.,其商品名为OASISTM(例如OASISTM146)。
除了季铵化合物之外,在本发明中还可以利用其它的抗菌剂。例如,可以利用的一些适合的抗菌剂包括但不限于醇类、卤代二苯基醚例如2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基二苯基醚(或者TCS)或者2,2’-二羟基-5,5’-二溴-二苯基醚;酚类化合物例如苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基丙醇、苯氧基异丙醇、对氯间二甲基苯酚(PCMX)等等;双酚类化合物,例如2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(3,4,6-三氯苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-氯-6-溴苯酚)、双(2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)硫化物以及双(2-羟基-5-氯苄基)硫化物;卤代碳酰替苯胺(例如3,4,4’-三氯碳酰替苯胺(或者TCC));苯甲醇;氯己定;葡萄糖酸氯己定;和盐酸氯己定。其他适合的抗菌剂描述在Beerse等人的第WO 96/06152号公开文本、第WO 96/06153号公开文本和第6,201,695号美国专利中。除此之外,多种其他抗菌剂在美国联邦法规总览(United States Code of Federal Regulations)(C.F.R.)的第178.010节,标题21中详细描述。
在杀菌溶液中所使用的抗菌剂的量可以通常地根据该溶液中存在的其他组分的相对量来变化。一般地,存在于溶液中的抗菌剂的量是按杀菌溶液的重量计约0.01%到约20%,在一些实施方式中是约0.1%到约15%,以及在一些实施方式中是约0.2%到约10%。
一般地希望采用水性溶剂(例如水)作为杀菌溶液的载体,但是应当理解的是,在本发明中还可考虑其他适合的载体。例如,一般地,水在杀菌溶液中存在的量为约10wt.%到约99wt.%,在一些实施方式中为约40wt.%到约95wt.%,以及在一些实施方式中为约60wt.%到约94wt.%。
在一些情况下,本发明的杀菌溶液还可以包括一种或多种非水溶剂。尽管不做要求,非水溶剂有时候能够帮助溶解杀菌溶液的某些组分(例如,抗菌剂)。此外,在一些情况下,非水溶剂也可以提高杀菌溶液的抗菌功效。一些适合的非水溶剂的实例包括但不限于:二醇,例如丙二醇、丁二醇、三甘醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、乙氧基二甘醇和二丙二醇;醇类,例如乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇;甘油三酯;乙酸乙酯;丙酮;甘油醋酸酯及其组合。尤其期望的溶剂组合包括二元醇,具体地己二醇和/或丙二醇,以及一种或多种低级醇,具体地异丙醇、正丙醇和/或乙醇。在杀菌溶液中使用的非水溶剂的量可以根据溶液中存在的其他组分的相对量而变化。当利用时,在溶液中存在的非水溶剂的量一般地按杀菌溶液重量计为约0.001到约30%,在一些实施方式中为约0.1%到约15%,以及在一些实施方式中为约1%到约15%。
所述的杀菌溶液可以任选地包括另外的组分来赋予多种益处。例如,杀菌溶液还可以采用表面活性剂来提高组合物在基材上的可润湿性,来帮助乳化或者溶解其他的组分,来提高粘度等等。当使用时,在杀菌溶液中所使用的表面活性剂的量一般地可以根据组合物中存在的其他组分的相对量而变化。所述的表面活性剂可以包括非离子型表面活性剂,例如乙氧基化的烷基酚、乙氧基化的和丙氧基化的脂肪醇、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、乙氧基化的脂肪(C8-C18)酸酯、环氧乙烷和长链胺或者酰胺的缩合产物、环氧乙烷和醇的缩合产物,以及其混合物。适合的非离子型表面活性剂的多个具体实例包括但不限于:甲基葡糖聚醚-10、PEG-20甲基葡萄糖二硬脂酸酯、PEG-20甲基葡萄糖倍半硬脂酸酯、C11-15链烷醇聚醚-20、鲸蜡醇聚醚-8、鲸蜡醇聚醚-12、十二烷基苯酚聚醚-12、月桂醇聚醚-15、PEG-20蓖麻油、聚山梨醇酯-20、硬脂醇聚醚-20、聚乙二醇-10十六烷基醚、聚乙二醇-10硬脂基醚、聚乙二醇-20十六烷基醚、聚乙二醇-10油烯基醚、聚乙二醇-20油烯基醚、乙氧基化的壬基酚、乙氧基化的辛基酚、乙氧基化的十二烷基酚或者乙氧基化的脂肪(C6-C22)醇,其包括3到20个氧化乙烯部分,聚乙二醇-20异十六烷基醚、聚乙二醇-23月桂酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇-20硬脂酸甘油酯、PEG-10甲基葡萄糖醚、PEG-20甲基葡萄糖醚、聚乙二醇-20山梨聚糖单酯、聚乙二醇-80蓖麻油、聚乙二醇-15十三烷基醚、聚乙二醇-6十三烷基醚、月桂醇聚醚-2、月桂醇聚醚-3、月桂醇聚醚-4、PEG-3蓖麻油、PEG 600二油酸酯、PEG 400二油酸酯及其混合物。
可以在所述的杀菌溶液中采用离子型表面活性剂(即,阴离子型、阳离子型或者两性表面活性剂)。例如,可以使用的一类两性表面活性剂是具有直链或支链的脂肪基的仲和叔胺的衍生物,其中脂族取代基之一包含约8到18个碳原子以及脂族取代基的至少一个包含阴离子的水溶性基团,所述的阴离子水溶性基团例如为羧基、磺酸基或者硫酸基。两性表面活性剂的一些实例包括但不限于:3-(十二烷基氨基)丙酸钠、3-(十二烷基氨基)-丙烷-1-磺酸钠、2-(十二烷基氨基)乙基硫酸钠、2-(二甲基氨基)十八烷酸钠、3-(N-羧甲基-十二烷基氨基)丙烷-1-磺酸二钠、十八烷基亚胺基二乙酸二钠、1-羧甲基-2-十一烷基咪唑钠以及N,N-双(2-羟乙基)-2-硫酸-3-十二烷氧基丙基胺钠。另外的类型的两性表面活性剂包括磷酸甜菜碱和亚磷酸甜菜碱(phosphitaine)。例如,这样的两性表面活性剂的一些实例包括但不限于:椰油酰基N-甲基牛磺酸钠(sodium coconut N-methyl taurate)、油烯基N-甲基牛磺酸钠、妥尔油酸N-甲基牛磺酸钠、棕榈酰基N-甲基牛磺酸钠、椰油二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱、月桂基二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱、月桂基二甲基羧乙基甜菜碱、鲸蜡基二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱、月桂基-双-(2-羟乙基)羧甲基甜菜碱、油烯基二甲基-γ-羧丙基甜菜碱、月桂基-双-(2-羟丙基)-羧乙基甜菜碱、椰油酰胺基二甲基丙基磺酸甜菜碱、硬脂基酰氨基二甲基丙基磺酸甜菜碱、月桂基酰氨基双(2-羟乙基)丙基磺酸甜菜碱、油酰胺PEG-2磺基琥珀酸二钠、油酰胺PEG-2磺基琥珀酸TEA、油酰胺MEA磺基琥珀酸二钠、油酰胺MIPA磺基琥珀酸二钠、蓖麻醇酸酰胺MEA磺基琥珀酸二钠、十一碳烯酰胺MEA磺基琥珀酸二钠、小麦胚油酰基MEA磺基琥珀酸二钠、小麦胚油酰基PEG-2磺基琥珀酸二钠、异硬脂酰胺基MEA磺基琥珀酸二钠、椰油酰两性甘氨酸盐、椰油酰两性羧基甘氨酸盐、月桂酰两性甘氨酸盐、月桂酰两性羧基甘氨酸盐、辛酰两性羧基甘氨酸盐、椰油酰两性丙酸盐、椰油酰两性羧基丙酸盐、月桂酰两性羧基丙酸盐、辛酰两性羧基丙酸盐、二羟乙基牛油甘氨酸盐、椰油酰氨基-二钠-3-羟丙基磷酸甜菜碱、月桂酸肉豆蔻酰氨基-二钠-3-羟丙基磷酸甜菜碱、月桂酸肉豆蔻酰氨基甘油基磷酸甜菜碱、月桂酸肉豆蔻酰氨基羧基二钠-3-羟丙基磷酸甜菜碱、椰油酰基丙基-单钠-亚磷酸甜菜碱、月桂酸肉豆蔻酰氨基丙基-单钠-亚磷酸甜菜碱盐及其混合物。
除此之外,示例性的阴离子型表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐、烷基苯氧基聚乙二醇的硫酸酯、α-烯烃磺酸盐、β-烷氧基烷烃磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基单甘油酯硫酸盐、烷基单甘油酯磺酸盐、烷基碳酸盐、烷基醚羧酸盐、脂肪酸、磺基琥珀酸盐、肌氨酸盐、辛基酚聚醚或者壬苯醇醚磷酸盐、牛磺酸盐、脂肪牛磺酰、脂肪酸酰胺聚乙二醇硫酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐或者其混合物。阴离子表面活性剂的具体实例包括但不限于:C8-C18烷基硫酸盐、C8-C18脂肪酸盐、具有一或两摩尔乙氧基化的C8-C18烷基醚硫酸盐、C8-C18氨基醇氧化物、C8-C18烷酰基肌氨酸盐、C8-C18磺基乙酸盐、C8-C18磺基琥珀酸盐、C8-C18烷基二苯基氧化物二磺酸盐、C8-C18烷基碳酸盐、C8-C18α-烯烃磺酸盐、甲基酯磺酸盐及其共混物。所述的C8-C18基团可以是直链的(例如月桂基)或者支链的(例如2-乙基己基)。所述的阴离子表面活性剂的阳离子可以是碱金属(例如钠或者钾)、铵、C1-C4烷基铵(例如,单-、二-、三-)或者C1-C3的烷醇铵(例如,单-、二-、三-)。更具体地,该阴离子表面活性剂可以包括但不限于月桂基硫酸盐、辛基硫酸盐、2-乙基己基硫酸盐、月桂胺氧化物、癸基硫酸盐、十三烷基硫酸盐、椰油酸盐(cocoates)、月桂酰基肌氨酸盐、月桂基磺基琥珀酸盐、直链C10二苯基氧化物二磺酸盐、月桂基磺基琥珀酸盐、月桂基醚硫酸盐(1和2摩尔的环氧乙烷)、肉豆蔻基硫酸盐、油酸盐、硬脂酸盐、树脂酸盐、蓖麻油酸盐、鲸蜡基硫酸盐以及类似的表面活性剂。
杀菌溶液还可以包含防腐剂或者防腐剂***以在更长时间内抑制微生物的生长。适合的防腐剂可以包括例如,烷醇、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)二钠、EDTA盐、EDTA脂肪酸共轭物、异噻唑啉酮、苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯)(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯,对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯,对羟基苯甲酸苄酯,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠),苯甲酸,丙二醇,山梨酸酯,尿素衍生物(例如,双咪唑烷基脲)等等。其他适合的防腐剂包括Sutton Labs所销售的那些,例如“Germall 115”(咪唑烷基脲(amidazolidinyl urea))、“Germall II”(双咪唑烷基脲)和“Germall Plus”(双咪唑烷基脲和碘代丙炔基碳酸丁酯)。另一种适合的防腐剂是Kathon其是可得自Rohm&Haas的甲基氯异噻唑啉酮和甲基异噻唑啉酮的混合物;MackstatH 66(可得自Mcintyre Group,Chicago,IL)。再另一种适合的防腐剂***是56%的丙二醇、30%的双咪唑烷基脲、11%的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和3%的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的组合,其可以从位于Wayne,NJ的International Specialty Products得到,商品名为II。
杀菌溶液的pH值也可以控制在一定的认为更具生物相容性的范围内。例如,一般地期望pH值在约5到约8的范围内,以及在一些实施方式中为约6到约7。在杀菌溶液中可以利用多种pH调节剂来达到期望的pH水平。可以用于本发明的pH调节剂的一些实例包括但不限于矿物酸、磺酸类(例如2-[N-吗啉基]乙烷磺酸)、羧酸和聚合酸。适合的矿物酸的具体实例是盐酸、硝酸、磷酸和硫酸。适合的羧酸的具体实例是乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、乙醇酸、马来酸、没食子酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、水杨酸、葡糖酸和其混合物。适合的聚合物酸的具体实例包括直链的聚(丙烯酸)和其共聚物(例如马来酸-丙烯酸、磺酸-丙烯酸和苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物)、分子量小于约250,000的交联的聚丙烯酸、聚(甲基丙烯酸)和天然产生的聚合酸,例如角叉菜酸(carageenic acid)、羧甲基纤维素和海藻酸。碱性的pH调节剂也可以用于本发明的一些实施方式中,来提供较高的pH值。适合的pH调节剂可以包括但不限于,氨水;单-、二-和三-烷基胺;单-、二-和三-烷醇胺;碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物;碱金属和碱土金属的硅酸盐;以及其混合物。碱性pH调节剂的具体实例是:氨水;氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和氢氧化锂;偏硅酸钠、偏硅酸钾和偏硅酸锂;单乙醇胺;三乙胺;异丙醇胺;二乙醇胺;和三乙醇胺。当利用时,pH调节剂可以按照达到期望的pH水平所需的任意的有效量存在。
为了更好地提高对消费者的益处,还可以使用其他的任选的组分。例如,可以使用的一些种类的成分包括但不限于:抗氧化剂(产品完整性);抗红化剂,例如芦荟提取物;收敛剂-化妆品(诱导皮肤的紧致和刺痛感);着色剂(使产品具有颜色);除臭剂(减少或者消除令人不快的气味,并且防止身体表面产生臭味);芳香剂(吸引消费者);不透明剂(降低产品的透明度或者透明的外观);皮肤调理剂;皮肤去角质剂(提高皮肤细胞更新率的成分,例如α-羟基酸和β-羟基酸);护肤剂(保护受伤或者暴露的皮肤或者粘膜表面免受有害的或者侵扰性的刺激物的药物产品);以及增稠剂(提高组合物的粘度)。
在使用之前,将揩巾与足量的杀菌溶液接触,来消毒或者清洁表面。当揩巾在表面上摩擦时,其释放杀菌溶液,所述的杀菌溶液与存在于表面上的细菌接触。所述的揩巾还可以提供磨蚀作用和再吸收的能力,来从表面上除去污染物。在使用之后,可以将所述的揩巾丢弃。杀菌溶液可以保留在表面上,从而在某段时间内帮助杀死表面上的细菌和/或抑制细菌的生长。尽管从本发明的揩巾中释放的抗菌剂的量可以根据抗菌剂的性质和/或其他的溶液组分而变化,但是其一般地以少于约2000份每百万份(ppm)的量存在于从揩巾释放的杀菌溶液中。在一些实施方式中,例如,前文更详细地描述的季铵卤化物抗菌剂能够以少于约500ppm的量存在于所释放的杀菌溶液中,以及在一些实施方式中为释放的溶液的约150ppm到约400ppm。此外,即使是以如此小的量存在于释放的杀菌溶液中,仍然能够达到希望水平的抗菌效力。
本发明的揩巾当暴露到一种或多种的微生物时,可以将其杀死和/或抑制(例如减少了可测量的量或者完全地预防)其生长。可以被抑制的微生物的实例包括细菌(包括蓝藻细菌和分枝杆菌)、原生动物、藻类、真菌(如霉菌和酵母菌)、病毒、朊病毒,和其他感染性颗粒。例如,涂层可以抑制一些在医学上重要的细菌群的生长,所述的细菌如革兰氏阴性杆菌(例如,肠杆菌(Entereobacteria));革兰阴性弯曲杆菌(例如,螺杆菌属(Heliobacter)、弯曲菌属(Campylobacter)等);革兰阴性球菌(例如,奈瑟氏菌属(Neisseria));革兰氏阳性杆菌(例如,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),梭菌属(Clostridium)等);革兰氏阳性球菌(例如,葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)等等);专性细胞内寄生虫(如立克次氏体(Ricckettsia)和衣原体(Chlamydia));抗酸杆菌(例如,分支杆菌属(Myobacterium)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)等);螺旋体(例如,密螺旋体属(Treponema),疏螺旋体属(Borellia)等);和支原体(即,缺乏细胞壁的细菌)。可以被本发明的组合物抑制的具体种类的细菌包括大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)(革兰氏阴性杆菌)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumonia)(革兰氏阴性杆菌)、链球菌(Streptococcus)(革兰氏阳性球菌)、猪霍乱沙门氏杆菌(Salmonella choleraesuis)(革兰氏阴性杆菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccus aureus)(革兰氏阳性球菌)、铜绿假单胞菌(.aeruginosa)(革兰氏阴性杆菌)。除细菌外,其它感兴趣的微生物包括真菌(如黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger))和酵母(例如,白色念珠菌(Candida albicans))。
当暴露特定的时间段之后,揩巾可以提供至少约2的对数减少,在一些实施方式中至少约3,在一些实施方式中至少约4,以及在一些实施方式中至少约5(例如约6)。对数减少,例如,可以根据以下的相关性由被组合物杀死的%种群确定:
可以根据本发明在相对短的暴露时间之后达到这样的对数减少。例如,所期望的对数减少可以在暴露仅30分钟之后达到,在一些实施方式中15分钟,在一些实施方式中10分钟,在一些实施方式中5分钟,以及在一些实施方式中1分钟。
如前文中所讨论的,还发现了揩巾上的聚合物涂层组分的选择和相对量可以允许对吸入揩巾中并且不在使用过程中释放的抗菌剂的量进行控制。这一现象可以根据下式,通过抗菌的“释放值”来定量:
100×[Qr/Qi]
其中,Qi是添加到杀菌溶液的抗菌剂的量,以及Qr是随着溶液从揩巾中释放而释放出的抗菌剂的量。在本发明的大多数实施方式中,“释放值”是约80%或者更多,在一些实施方式中约85%或者更多,在一些实施方式中约90%或者更多,以及在一些实施方式中约95%到约99%。
可以参考以下实施例来更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
测试了未涂覆的纤维纤网的季胺释放性能。所测试的织物是其是可得自Professional的HYDROKNITTM材料。该纤网具有82克每平方米(gsm)的平均基重,并且包括水力缠结到基重为约1gsm的聚丙烯纺粘纤网中的纸浆纤维。季胺是得自Inc.的146,并且将其混合到总季胺为400ppm。146包含3%的烷基C14 50%、C12 40%、C16 10%二甲基苄基氯化铵、2.25%的辛基苄基氯化铵、1.35%的二癸基二甲基氯化铵、0.9%的二辛基二甲基氯化铵和适量的水。使用以下的步骤来测试所述的织物:
·将1升的146按400ppm在一个大的一升烧杯中混合。
·收集混合的146的最初样品,用于基线浓度。
·将2到3片揩巾(试样)切割到合适的尺寸,以达到约1克揩巾对应于67克的溶液。
·称量两片揩巾并且记录重量。
·将两片揩巾都放入所述的一升溶液中。
·在15分钟时,除去两种揩巾,并且从揩巾中将多余的液体挤压回烧杯中。随后从揩巾中将提取物挤压到标记好的小瓶中,用于进行分析测试。
使用高压液相色谱(HPLC)在以下的条件下,使用以下的步骤来测试提取后的消毒剂以及最初的146的季胺的浓度。
试剂和储备标准溶液的制备
0.1%的甲酸
将900ml的Milli-Q水加到1000ml的容量瓶中。移取1.0ml的甲酸(EMD FX0440-11)到该容量瓶中,并且使用Milli-Q水稀释到刻度。如所制备的使用。
0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA)
将900ml的Milli-Q水加到1000ml的容量瓶中。将一安瓿的TFA(JT Baker 9470-00-10x 1ml安瓿)加入到该容量瓶中,并且使用Milli-Q水稀释到刻度。如所制备的使用。
储备标准的制备
将0.14克的146(7.5%的活性物)浓缩溶液精确称入10.0ml的容量瓶中。使用Mill-Q水稀释到刻度并且振摇。
校准标准
校准标准的等份使用100μl或者500μl的Hamilton#1750注射器来测量。使用1000μl Hamilton#1001注射器将Milli-Q水加到自动进样瓶中。从Oasis 146储备标准溶液中取出100、200、300、400、500和700μl的等份,转移到六个2ml的自动进样瓶中,并且标为1到6。将小瓶分别地使用900、800、700、600、500和300μl的Milli-Q水稀释到1000μl,来制备146校准标准。
色谱条件-定量分析
***:Agilent Series 1100Quaternary HPLC
柱子:Sielc Primesep B2 5μ(2.1x 100mm)Part#B2-21.100.0510
柱温:45℃
检测器1:PL-ELS 2100(蒸发光散射检测器)
蒸发温度:45℃
雾化温度:35℃
气体流速:1.5SLM氮气
增益:10X
检测器2:Agilent Series 1100二极管阵列
信号/带宽:254nm/4nm
参照/带宽:360nm/10nm
梯度:A-0.1%甲酸
B-乙腈
0分钟:70%A/30%B
5分钟:40%A/60%B
5.1分钟:70%A/30%B
流速:0.8ml/分钟
进样体积:10μl
洗脱时间:DODMAC-0.98分钟
C12DMBAC-1.3分钟(大约)
ODDMAC-1.7分钟
C14DMBAC-2.4分钟
DDDMAC-2.7分钟
C16DMBAC-3.3分钟
标准浓度根据其在季铵溶液中实际的百分比进行校正。%季铵(季铵(quat))释放结果(即,释放值)是基于相对于制备的Oasis对照溶液所回收的压出季铵的量。对于实施例1,季铵释放值测定为58%。
实施例2
按照以下的“浸渍和挤压”方法,使用SK(BASF)涂覆实施例1的片材,达到0.75%的目标添加:
·将纤维纤网样品切割成为希望的形状和尺寸,并且称重样品。
·记录干燥样品的重量。
·使用蒸馏水和去离子水来混合处理浴液。使浴液达到室温。
·将浴液混合到a%活性浓度,达到目标吸湿率(wet pick-up)和按重量计的目标添加%。
·将纤网/织物样品浸渍到浴液中,并且通过使样品通过Atlas LaboratoryWringer来挤出多余的流体。供选择地,如果样品足够小,可以将其手工挤压。
·将样品称重以验证目标的吸湿率。吸湿率=(湿重-干重/湿重)×100。
·如果样品没有达到目标吸湿率,调节实验室绞拧机的压力或者针对新的吸湿率目标重新制备处理浴液。
·如果吸湿率是正确的,将湿的织物样品悬挂在烘箱内,并且在90℃下干燥45分钟。
·使样品重新吸水过夜并且再次称量样品。
·按照下式来计算添加水平:(最终重量-起始重量/起始重量)*100=%添加。
·如果添加水平未达到目标,调节浴液并重新制备样品。
·根据所需要的精确度水平,实际的数据在目标添加的25%以内。
将完成的揩巾在季胺溶液中浸湿,并且15分钟后按照实施例1所描述的,将该溶液从揩巾中压出。所使用的季胺溶液是得自的146,并且混合到总季胺为400ppm。使用实施例1所描述的相同的HPLC方法来测试挤压出的溶液的季胺释放。季铵释放值测定为89.8%。除此之外,使用ASTM E2315-03,使用大肠杆菌(E.coli)作为供试生物,测试压出的溶液对革兰氏阴性细菌的效力。大肠杆菌在暴露1分钟之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例3
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了SK具有以重量计1.0%的目标添加水平。季铵释放值测定为94.5%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.738%。
实施例4
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了SK具有以重量计1.5%的目标添加水平。季铵释放值测定为96.3%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是89.458%。
实施例5
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了SK具有以重量计2.0%的目标添加水平。季铵释放值测定为99.7%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.264%。
实施例6
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了SK具有以重量计3.0%的目标添加水平。对于这一实施例,未使用“手工”浸渍和挤压方法,而是使用连续浸渍和挤压方法,以及随后的在线冲击式烘箱(inline impingement oven)来涂覆织物。线速度是23英尺每分钟,以及最高的干燥器温度设定在360°F。季铵释放值测定为100%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是76.58%。
实施例7
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了聚合物是P(BASF),以及目标添加水平以重量计是2.0%。季铵释放值测定为77.2%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例8
如实施例7所述来形成样品,除了目标添加水平以重量计是3.0%。季铵释放值测定为84%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例9
如实施例7所述来形成样品,除了目标添加水平以重量计是5.0%。季铵释放值测定为87%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例10
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了涂层包含目标添加水平以重量计为0.25%的SK和添加水平以重量计为5.0%的P的组合。季铵释放值测定为91.7%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例11
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了涂层包含目标添加水平以重量计为0.5%的SK和添加水平以重量计为3.0%的P的组合。季铵释放值测定为92.9%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例12
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了涂层包含目标添加水平以重量计为0.5%的SK和添加水平以重量计为2.5%的P的组合。季铵释放值测定为86.9%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例13
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了涂层包含目标添加水平以重量计为0.75%的SK和添加水平以重量计为3.0%的P的组合。季铵释放值测定为99.5%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例14
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了涂层包含目标添加水平以重量计为0.75%的SK和添加水平以重量计为5.0%的P的组合。季铵释放值测定为92.1%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例15
如实施例2所述来形成样品,除了涂层包含目标添加水平以重量计为1.0%的SK和添加水平以重量计为2.0%的P的组合。季铵释放值测定为95.0%,并且大肠杆菌在1分钟暴露之后的百分比减少是99.999%。
实施例16-23
通过将146消毒溶液混合到400ppm,并随后添加特定浓度的SK(BASF)、P(BASF)、聚乙烯亚胺(Sigma-Aldrich)和/或乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA,Sigma-Aldrich)形成溶液样品。得自Sigma-Aldrich的聚乙烯亚胺(“PEI”)(货号:#P3143)具有750,000克每摩尔的重均分子量。使用ASTM E2315-03来测试样品的效力,使用大肠杆菌作为供试生物。结果显示在下表中:
尽管本发明已经就其具体的实施方式进行详细描述,但应当认识到的是本领域技术人员在理解了前文的内容的情况下,能够容易地想到这些实施方式的改变、变化和等价物。因此,本发明的范围应当视为所附的权利要求及其任意的等价物的范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种与杀菌溶液使用的揩巾,其中所述的揩巾包括纤维基材,在所述的纤维基材上放置了聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包含隔离剂和细胞透化剂,其中所述的隔离剂包括交联的聚酰胺-胺并且所述的细胞透化剂包括多阳离子物质,其中所述的交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量为500,000克每摩尔或者更高,并且其中交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量与多阳离子物质的重均分子量的比值大于1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的揩巾,其中所述的聚酰胺-胺是由分子中包含3个或更多碱性氮原子的聚亚烷基多胺预聚物形成的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的揩巾,其中所述的聚亚烷基多胺是聚乙烯亚胺。
4.根据权利要求2所述的揩巾,其中所述的聚亚烷基多胺是用亚乙基亚胺接枝的多胺。
5.根据权利要求2所述的揩巾,其中所述的预聚物是用多官能交联剂交联的,其中所述交联剂是羧酸或羧酸衍生物,所述羧酸衍生物选自羧酸酯、羧酸酐、碳酰卤和烷基双烯酮。
6.根据权利要求5所述的揩巾,其中所述的交联剂包括单烯键不饱和二元羧酸或者单烯键不饱和二元羧酸的酯、酰胺或者酸酐。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述的聚酰胺-胺是烷氧基化的。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述的聚酰胺-胺具有1,000,000到2,000,000克每摩尔的重均分子量。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中交联的聚酰胺-胺的重均分子量与多阳离子物质的重均分子量的比值是1.2到1.8。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述多阳离子物质的重均分子量是600,000到1,000,000克每摩尔。
11.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述的多阳离子物质是多胺。
12.根据权利要求11所述的揩巾,其中所述的多胺是交联的聚酰胺-胺。
13.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述细胞透化剂与所述隔离剂的重量比是2到10。
14.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述的纤维基材包括吸收性纤维。
15.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的揩巾,其中所述的纤维基材浸渍有杀菌溶液,所述的杀菌溶液包含抗菌剂。
16.一种用于消毒表面的方法,所述的方法包括将表面与前述权利要求中任一项所述的揩巾接触,其中所述的揩巾浸渍有杀菌溶液,致使该溶液从揩巾中压出,其中所述的杀菌溶液包含抗菌剂。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述的抗菌剂包括季铵化合物。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中加到杀菌溶液中的抗菌剂的90%或更多从揩巾中压出。
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US8486427B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
EP2672873A4 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
CN103347429A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
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WO2012107847A3 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
RU2013139263A (ru) | 2015-03-20 |
AU2012215111A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
KR101968771B1 (ko) | 2019-04-12 |
WO2012107847A2 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
EP2672873A2 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
US20120207805A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
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