CN103341735A - Hollow shaft and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Hollow shaft and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103341735A CN103341735A CN2013102869318A CN201310286931A CN103341735A CN 103341735 A CN103341735 A CN 103341735A CN 2013102869318 A CN2013102869318 A CN 2013102869318A CN 201310286931 A CN201310286931 A CN 201310286931A CN 103341735 A CN103341735 A CN 103341735A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow shaft and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes the steps of step a, manufacturing a tubular blank in a forging or casting mode to obtain blank materials, step b, carrying out heat treatment on the blank materials, step c, machining the blank materials after heat treatment so as to form a semi-finished product with the same shape and size as the hollow shaft, and step d, carrying out surface treatment on the semi-finished product to obtain the hollow shaft. According to the hollow shaft and the manufacturing method thereof, the tubular blank is used for manufacturing the hollow shaft, due to the fact that the blank is provided with a central through hole, raw materials are saved, and machining workload in subsequent links is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, particularly, relate to a kind of hollow shaft and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the requirement of many plant equipment light-weight design is more and more higher, solid shafting is replaced by hollow shaft more and more, and for example the bearing pin on the jib of concrete pumping equipment has adopted hollow-core construction more and more.Hollow shaft can alleviate complete vehicle weight, but, compare solid shafting, the processing request of hollow shaft is more harsh: wall thickness is wanted evenly, should guarantee the axiality of central through hole and external peripheral surface, guarantee central through hole and external peripheral surface cylindricity separately again, simultaneously, be the intensity that improves hollow shaft and wearability etc., the requirement of Technology for Heating Processing is also improved.The method of existing production hollow shaft be adopt bar be raw material with the sawed-off blanking of bar, form central through hole in the drilling machine punching again, bigger to waste of raw materials, and increased follow-up labor content; In addition, only its internal and external circumference surface is carried out coating lubricating oil and do not carried out other surface treatment making hollow shaft in the existing method, surface abrasion resistance and the rust-preventing characteristic of workpiece are poor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of hollow shaft and manufacture method thereof.
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of hollow shaft, this method comprises:
A, by forging or the blank of tubulose is made in casting, to make the base material;
B, described base material is heat-treated;
C, the described base material after the heat treatment is carried out machined, be of similar shape semi-finished product with size to form with described hollow shaft;
D, described semi-finished product are carried out surface treatment, to make described hollow shaft.
Preferably, described step a comprises the external peripheral surface of rough turn described blank, and described blank two end face cars vertically are flat.
Preferably, described step b comprises successively described base material is carried out Quenching Treatment and temper, described Quenching Treatment comprises described base material is heated to 840 ℃～860 ℃ and be incubated 1.4h～1.6h under 840 ℃～860 ℃ temperature, and described base material is cooled off in quenching medium; Described temper comprises described base material is heated to 610 ℃～630 ℃ and be incubated 4h～5h under 610 ℃～630 ℃ temperature, makes described base material cooling then.
Preferably, wherein, when in described Quenching Treatment, described base material being heated, when the temperature of described base material during less than 600 ℃, described base material is heated up with the speed of 80 ℃/h～120 ℃/h, when the temperature of described base material is greater than or equal to 600 ℃, described base material is heated up with the speed of 50 ℃/h～60 ℃/h.
Preferably, in described Quenching Treatment, when described base material is put into described quenching medium, make the axis normal of described base material in the liquid level of described quenching medium.
Preferably, the wall thickness of described base material is 20mm～30mm.
Preferably, described machined comprises the external peripheral surface of the described base material after the finish turning heat treatment, and expands endoporus with the described base material of boring machine after to heat treatment and handle.
Preferably, described step c be included in described base material be machined as have the shape identical with described hollow shaft after, the external peripheral surface of the shaft part of described base material is carried out grinding handles, to obtain described semi-finished product.
Preferably, described steps d is included in described semi-finished product is carried out before the surface treatment described semi-finished product being carried out the deburring processing.
Preferably, described surface treatment comprises carries out nitrogen treatment to described semi-finished product, and this nitrogen treatment comprises described semi-finished product are positioned in the salt bath, described salt bath is heated under 560 ℃～580 ℃ the temperature and keeps 5h～6h.
Preferably, described steps d also comprises and will cool off behind insulation 15min～20min down at 350 ℃～400 ℃ through the semi-finished product behind the described nitrogen treatment again.
Preferably, described blank is made by die forging.
Preferably, the material of described hollow shaft is 40Cr, 42CrMo, No. 45 steel or 27SiMn.
The invention still further relates to a kind of hollow shaft, this hollow shaft is made by the manufacture method according to hollow shaft of the present invention.
In the manufacture method of hollow shaft of the present invention, use and forge or cast the tubular blank manufacturing hollow shaft that makes, because blank itself has had central through hole, thereby with existing the club-shaped material method that makes the base material of holing is compared, save raw material and reduced the labor content of follow-up link, in addition, when methods such as adopting die forging is produced blank, the compactness of the material after forging is good, makes blank itself have mechanical property preferably; Secondly, the operation of also the base material being heat-treated among the present invention is optimized, the parameter in the strict control heat treatment, make hollow shaft the internal and external circumference surface property evenly, not easy to crack; In addition, the present invention increases hollow shaft is carried out the surface-treated operation, and particularly workpiece is carried out nitrogen treatment, further optimizes the surface quality of hollow shaft, increases its wearability and rust-preventing characteristic.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will partly be described in detail in the specific embodiment subsequently.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is to be used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of specification, is used from explanation the present invention with the following specific embodiment one, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that the master of the hollow shaft that produces of the manufacture method according to the hollow shaft of present embodiment looks cutaway view.
Description of reference numerals
1 locking end, 2 stiff ends
3 escapes, 4 planes
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.Should be understood that the specific embodiment described herein only is used for description and interpretation the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
In the present invention, under the situation of not doing opposite explanation, the noun of locality of use refers to inside and outside with respect to the profile of each parts itself as " inside and outside ".
The invention provides a kind of manufacture method of hollow shaft, this method comprises:
A, by forging or the blank of tubulose is made in casting, to make the base material;
B, described base material is heat-treated;
C, the described base material after the heat treatment is carried out machined, be of similar shape semi-finished product with size to form with described hollow shaft;
D, described semi-finished product are carried out surface treatment, to make described hollow shaft.
In the manufacture method of hollow shaft of the present invention, use and forge or cast the tubular blank manufacturing hollow shaft that makes, because blank itself has had central through hole, thereby with existing the club-shaped material method that makes the base material of holing is compared, directly use the blank manufacturing base material of tubulose can save the raw material consumption, reduce the cost, and also reduced the labor content of follow-up link, for example saved the step that forms central through hole in boring; And, be conducive to avoid when holing by drilling machine because elasticity cutter relievinves etc. are former thus the cylindricity of the central through hole self that causes and with the relatively poor defective of the axiality of inner circumferential surface.
In addition, preferably adopt forging method to produce described blank, the blank compactness that the mode that employing is forged is produced is good, makes blank itself have mechanical property preferably, is conducive to the raising of the mechanical performance of hollow shaft.And, in the present embodiment, described blank is made by die forging, blank size precision height, the allowance that die forging makes is little and production efficiency is high and make blank surface quality and compactness are good, can save material, improve manufacturing efficient, improve the mechanical performance of blank and reduced follow-up labor content.
Preferably, described step a comprises the external peripheral surface of rough turn described blank, and described blank two end face cars vertically are flat.Like this, wait for bus by rough turn defective and the oxide layer that the external peripheral surface of blank may be existed, through the surface roughness of the external peripheral surface that makes the base material after rough turn reduce and two end faces vertically more smooth, be conducive to guarantee the effect of subsequent heat treatment.
Need determine according to material and size and the required effect that reaches (for example hardness, toughness and depth of hardening zone etc.) of base material base material step of heat treatment.In the present embodiment, described step b comprises successively described base material is carried out Quenching Treatment and temper, described Quenching Treatment comprise with described base material be heated to 840 ℃～860 ℃ and under 840 ℃～860 ℃ temperature the insulation 1.4h(hour)～1.6h, described base material is cooled off in quenching medium; Described temper comprises described base material is heated to 610 ℃～630 ℃ and be incubated 4h～5h under 610 ℃～630 ℃ temperature, makes described base material cooling then.
The maximum temperature that heating can reach workpiece to workpiece during Quenching Treatment, is called hardening heat by namely aforesaid 840 ℃～860 ℃; The maximum temperature that heating can reach workpiece to workpiece during temper, is called temperature by namely aforesaid 610 ℃～630 ℃.In heat treatment process, the temperature in the hardening heat in the Quenching Treatment and temperature retention time and the temper and temperature retention time have material impact to the quality of the hollow shaft that finally makes, and wherein temperature retention time is relevant with the concrete size of hollow shaft.Therefore, in the step b of present embodiment, successively hollow shaft is carried out Quenching Treatment and temper, and by hardening heat in the Quenching Treatment and temperature retention time are rationally controlled, make the structural transformation of hollow shaft abundant, crystal grain is tiny evenly, avoid crystal grain to grow up unusually even produce hardening flaw etc., improve intensity and the hardness of hollow shaft; By temperature in the temper and temperature retention time are rationally controlled, eliminate quenching stress as far as possible then, adjust hardness and the toughness of hollow shaft, optimize the mechanical performance of hollow shaft.
Wherein, preferably, when in described Quenching Treatment, described base material being heated, when the temperature of described base material during less than 600 ℃, described base material is rapidly heated, described base material is heated up rapidly with the speed of 80 ℃/h～120 ℃/h, when the temperature of described base material is greater than or equal to 600 ℃, make described base material be warming up to 840 ℃～860 ℃ with the speed of 50 ℃/h～60 ℃/h.By the firing rate in the Quenching Treatment is controlled, make the metaplasia of hollow shaft more abundant, reduce the thermograde in the hollow shaft, thereby avoid cracking.
And wherein, preferably, in described Quenching Treatment, when described base material is put into described quenching medium, make the axis normal of described base material in the liquid level of described quenching medium, this surface that is conducive to the base material like this can both obtain uniform Quenching Treatment, makes the even tissue of hollow shaft, prevents crackle.
Need to prove that heat treatment mode in the present embodiment is particularly useful for wall thickness (difference that refers to external diameter and the internal diameter of hollow shaft) and is the base material of 20m～30mm.
In addition, described machined comprises the external peripheral surface of the described base material after the finish turning heat treatment, and expands endoporus with the described base material of boring machine after to heat treatment and handle.In the present embodiment, boring machine is adopted in processing to central through hole, because the cutter rigidity of boring machine is big, avoid prior art under the situation of using lathe, to occur the phenomenon of elasticity cutter relieving easily and then cause central through hole to be horn-like owing to the insufficient rigidity of lathe tools, thereby used boring machine to be conducive to guarantee inner circumferential surface and the axiality of external peripheral surface and the cylindricity of self of hollow shaft.
In addition, described machined can also comprise other step according to the concrete structure of the hollow shaft of manufacturing.For example, during hollow shaft in the shop drawings 1, the locking end 1 and the stiff end 2 that need the machining hollow shaft, particularly, the external peripheral surface of car base material makes it at one end form the less stage portion of external diameter, and then go out escape 3 at the inboard vertically of this stage portion one end place car, and process external screw thread at the external peripheral surface of this stage portion, to form locking end 1; And the part of the external peripheral surface of car base material makes the base material form another bigger stage portion of external diameter at the other end, adopts the part on another stage portion surface of milling machine mill off then, forms two planes 4 that are mutually symmetrical and are parallel to the axis of hollow shaft.
And described machined can also be included in to rule on the base material and also go out oil leab along drawing a good line machine drill, and in the hollow shaft use, injection lubricating oil plays the effect of reducing friction of lubricating in this oil leab.
In addition, preferably, described step c be included in described base material be machined as have the shape identical with described hollow shaft after, carry out grinding at the external peripheral surface to the shaft part of described base material and handle, to obtain described semi-finished product.After the grinding processing, the half-finished surface roughness that makes reduces, and the semi-finished product that obtain have had the shape and size identical with the required hollow shaft that makes.
In addition, described steps d is included in carries out before the surface treatment described semi-finished product being carried out the deburring processing to described semi-finished product, the formed thorn of half-finished outer surface or the overlap that process with removal, thereby optimize half-finished surface quality, the method that can adopt this area commonly used, for example manual deburring and electrochemical deburring etc. are handled in deburring.
Described surface treatment can be selected surface treatment method well known in the art for use according to the concrete material of this finished product, for example, and electrochemical surface processing, hot-working surface treatment and chemical surface treatment etc.In the present embodiment, described surface treatment can comprise carries out nitrogen treatment to described semi-finished product, and this nitrogen treatment comprises described semi-finished product are positioned over salt bath (for example, BaCl
2Mixed solution with NaCl) in, and described salt bath is heated under 560 ℃～580 ℃ the temperature and keeps 5h～6h, dense structure's property raising of the outer surface (comprising external peripheral surface and inner circumferential surface) of the hollow shaft that via nitride makes after handling makes wearability, fatigue durability and corrosion resistance all improve.
In addition, preferably, described steps d also comprises and will cool off behind insulation 15min～20min down at 350 ℃～400 ℃ through the semi-finished product behind the described nitrogen treatment again, to handle the thermal stress in the workpiece of back by the insulation release surface, workpiece produces distortion in the process of as far as possible avoiding workpiece is cooled off.
The manufacture method of the hollow shaft of present embodiment is particularly useful for the production that material is the hollow shaft of 40Cr, 42CrMo, No. 45 steel or 27SiMn.
The present invention also provides a kind of hollow shaft, and this hollow shaft is made by the manufacture method according to hollow shaft of the present invention.
Below describe preferred embodiment of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings in detail; but; the present invention is not limited to the detail in the above-mentioned embodiment; in technical conceive scope of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Need to prove in addition, each concrete technical characterictic described in the above-mentioned specific embodiment under reconcilable situation, can make up by any suitable manner, for fear of unnecessary repetition, the present invention is to the explanation no longer separately of various possible compound modes.
In addition, also can carry out any combination between the various embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Specifically describe the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment
Make 5 groups of hollow shafts, the material of described hollow shaft is 42CrMo, makes 20 of hollow shafts for every group, and wherein the 1st～3 group is Comparative Examples for embodiment, the 4th～5 group.
Step is made as follows:
A, make the blank of tubulose by die forging, the external peripheral surface of rough turn described blank, and described blank two end face cars vertically are flat, to make the base material, the wall thickness of base material is as shown in table 1 in each group;
B, described base material is heat-treated, described heat treatment comprises successively carries out Quenching Treatment and temper to the base material:
Described Quenching Treatment comprises the base material is heated to hardening heat and is incubated a period of time under this temperature.When in described Quenching Treatment, described base material being heated, when the temperature of base material during less than 600 ℃, described base material is heated up with the speed of V1, when the temperature of described base material is greater than or equal to 600 ℃, described base material is heated up with the speed of V2, the base material is cooled off in quenching medium, and when the base material put into quenching medium, make the axis normal of base material in the liquid level of quenching medium.
Described temper comprises the base material is heated to temperature and is incubated a period of time under this temperature, makes the cooling of base material then,
Wherein, the value of the temperature retention time of the temperature retention time of hardening heat, Quenching Treatment, temperature, temper, V1 and V2 is as shown in table 1 respectively;
C, the base material after the heat treatment is carried out machined, comprise the external peripheral surface of the base material after the finish turning heat treatment and expand endoporus with boring machine and handle, again the external peripheral surface of the shaft part of base material is carried out grinding and handle, be of similar shape semi-finished product with size to form with hollow shaft;
D, semi-finished product are carried out deburring handle, carry out surface treatment afterwards again, described surface treatment comprises carries out nitrogen treatment to described semi-finished product, and this nitrogen treatment comprises semi-finished product are positioned over salt bath (BaCl
2Mixed solution with NaCl) in, salt bath is heated under the temperature of T1 and keeps the t1 time, the semi-finished product after then via nitride being handled are cooling off behind the insulation t2 under the T2 again,
Wherein, the value of T1, t1, T2 and t2 is as shown in table 2 respectively.
Measure the yield strength, tensile strength and the case hardness that make hollow shaft in above-mentioned 5 groups respectively, assay method is respectively: GB/T228-2002 metal material tensile test at room temperature method, GB/T228-2002 metal material tensile test at room temperature method and GB/T231-2002 metal Brinell hardness test, calculate the mean value of yield strength, tensile strength and the case hardness (Brinell hardness) of every group of hollow mandrel, the result is as shown in table 3.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
| Group number | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Case hardness (N/mm 2） |
| 1# | 680 | 951 | 316 |
| 2# | 693 | 965 | 325 |
| 3# | 675 | 942 | 307 |
| 4# | 590 | 860 | 283 |
| 5# | 565 | 825 | 272 |
By the result in the table 3 as can be known, employing obviously is optimized according to the mechanical property of the hollow shaft (the 1st～3 group) that the manufacture method of hollow shaft of the present invention makes, have higher intensity, can bear bigger load, easy fracture not, and because case hardness strengthens wearability also improves greatly; And, can know by inference by carrying out surface treatment, the rust-preventing characteristic of hollow shaft improves, and prolong service life.
Claims (14)
1. the manufacture method of a hollow shaft is characterized in that, this method comprises:
A, by forging or the blank of tubulose is made in casting, to make the base material;
B, described base material is heat-treated;
C, the described base material after the heat treatment is carried out machined, be of similar shape semi-finished product with size to form with described hollow shaft;
D, described semi-finished product are carried out surface treatment, to make described hollow shaft.
2. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described step a comprises the external peripheral surface of rough turn described blank, and described blank two end face cars vertically are flat.
3. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described step b comprises successively described base material is carried out Quenching Treatment and temper, described Quenching Treatment comprises described base material is heated to 840 ℃～860 ℃ and be incubated 1.4h～1.6h under 840 ℃～860 ℃ temperature, and described base material is cooled off in quenching medium; Described temper comprises described base material is heated to 610 ℃～630 ℃ and be incubated 4h～5h under 610 ℃～630 ℃ temperature, makes described base material cooling then.
4. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 3, wherein, when in described Quenching Treatment, described base material being heated, when the temperature of described base material during less than 600 ℃, described base material is heated up with the speed of 80 ℃/h～120 ℃/h, when the temperature of described base material is greater than or equal to 600 ℃, described base material is heated up with the speed of 50 ℃/h～60 ℃/h.
5. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 3 wherein, in described Quenching Treatment, when described base material is put into described quenching medium, makes the axis normal of described base material in the liquid level of described quenching medium.
6. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 3, wherein, the wall thickness of described base material is 20mm～30mm.
7. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described machined comprises the external peripheral surface of the described base material after the finish turning heat treatment, and expands endoporus with the described base material of boring machine after to heat treatment and handle.
8. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described step c be included in described base material be machined as have the shape identical with described hollow shaft after, the external peripheral surface of the shaft part of described base material is carried out grinding handles, to obtain described semi-finished product.
9. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described steps d is included in carries out described semi-finished product being carried out deburring before the surface treatment to described semi-finished product and handles.
10. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described surface treatment comprises carries out nitrogen treatment to described semi-finished product, and this nitrogen treatment comprises described semi-finished product are positioned in the salt bath, described salt bath is heated under 560 ℃～580 ℃ the temperature and keeps 5h～6h.
11. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 10, wherein, described steps d also comprises and will cool off behind insulation 15min～20min down at 350 ℃～400 ℃ through the semi-finished product behind the described nitrogen treatment again.
12. the manufacture method of hollow shaft according to claim 1, wherein, described blank is made by die forging.
13. according to the manufacture method of any described hollow shaft among the claim 1-12, wherein, the material of described hollow shaft is 40Cr, 42CrMo, No. 45 steel or 27SiMn.
14. a hollow shaft is characterized in that, this hollow shaft is by making according to the manufacture method of any described hollow shaft among the claim 1-13.
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