CN103335668B - A kind of distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the measuring method of distributed fiberoptic sensor, be specifically related to a kind of distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement method, comprise the steps: that (1) lays temperature sensing optical fiber and strain sensing optical fiber; (2) temperature profile results and Brillouin shift distribution results is received; (3) described temperature profile results is alignd and interpolation with Brillouin shift distribution results; (4) judge whether temperature profile results exists temperature peaks, and determine the Strain Distribution of temperature province inner fiber.The present invention proposes to substitute direct detection by the mode of image data post-processed, effectively can overcome the problem that Measuring Time increases.Software carries out consecutive number strong point progressive mean to the data of high spatial resolution, effectively can not only reduce spatial resolution, and counts can to realize fast and DTS spatial resolution exact matching by optimizing progressive mean.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measuring method of distributed fiberoptic sensor, be specifically related to a kind of distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement method.
Background technology
A kind of novel sensing technology of optical fiber sensing technology, has the advantages such as measuring accuracy is high, electromagnetism interference, essential safety, distributed measurement, has widespread use in fields such as electric power, petrochemical industry, structure, fire-fightings.Distributed fiberoptic sensor based on Brillouin scattering is development in recent years Fibre Optical Sensor rapidly, its by detection fiber each position dorsad spontaneous or stimulated Brillouin scattering light realize the measurement of distributed sensor to various parameter relative to the frequency shift amount of incident light, as to the temperature of cable and the measurement of strain, especially based on the Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument (BrillouinOpticalDomainAnalysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, BOTDA), adopt the light channel structure of Fiber In The Loop FITE, because stimulated scattering signal is exaggerated, measuring distance can reach dozens of kilometres, far above the distributed fiberoptic sensor of other type, it is the one of most application prospect in current distributed fiberoptic sensor.But, because Brillouin shift amount is to temperature and strain sensitivity simultaneously, and the two is linear correlation, therefore the problem of temperature and strain cross sensitivity can be there is in actual application, therefore be difficult to isolate from the Brillouin shift amount finally obtained the variable quantity that temperature and stress cause separately, seriously hinder the application of sensors with auxiliary electrode.
The relevant technical solution of the energy reported at present measuring tempeature and strain simultaneously has following several:
1. two parametric method (J.Smithetal of scattered light intensity and frequency displacement, " Simultaneousdistributedstrainandtemperaturemeasurement; " Appl.Opt, 38:5372-5377,1999): these class methods measure backscattering light intensity and frequency shift amount simultaneously, simultaneous equations solve temperature and STRESS VARIATION amount.But the measurement of Brillouin light intensity limits the detection range of sensor, and light intensity detection is vulnerable to external disturbance, the impact of the problems such as light source output power shake and polarization state drift.
2, Landau-Placzek ratio method (P.C.WaitandT.P.Newson, " Landau-Placzekratioappliedtodistributedfibresensing, " OpticsCommunications, 122 (4-6): 141-146, 1996), these class methods measure simultaneously Brillouin scattering light intensity and to strain insensitive Rayleigh scattering light intensity, by both calculating ratio (Landau-Placzek ratio) Extracting temperature variable quantity, but the measurement of Rayleigh scattering light limits detection length and the spatial resolution of sensor, simultaneity factor complexity significantly improves.
In order to inherently solve distributed fiber optic temperature and strain cross sensitivity problem, propose other physical influence method of associating both at home and abroad, as the effect of associating Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering.Namely Authorization Notice No. CN201955173U is a kind of improvement project proposed for this principle.Because Raman scattering is only to responsive to temperature, Brillouin frequency shifts is all responsive to temperature and strain.Thus the temperature measured by Raman scattering techniques is utilized to carry out the strain composition comprised in demodulation Brillouin frequency shifts, following equations Strain Distribution:
Wherein: k
tfor Brillouin shift temperature coefficient, k
εfor the Brillouin shift coefficient of strain, T (z) is Temperature Distribution.
The application program is carried out strain demodulation and still be there is following problem:
1. optical fiber can not be multiplexing, causes length coordinate to there is dislocation.The scenario-frame strained based on the joint demodulation of raman type distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (DTS) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument BOTDA as shown in Figure 1.DTS is comparatively ripe to distributed satellite systems technology, and the general multimode optical fiber 31 that adopts is as sensing element.And BOTDA employing is general single mode telecommunication optical fiber 32.Thus the optical fiber that multimode DTS and BOTDA uses can not be multiplexing, needs parallel laying single-mode fiber 32 and multimode optical fiber 31.Due to optical fiber difference, the remaining length of single mode and multimode optical fiber is arranged can not be completely the same, and the length coordinate measured by DTS and BOTDA two kinds of equipment may exist dislocation in physical space.
2. sampling rate is inconsistent.Different due to BOTDA and DTS technical scheme, and the difference of instrument configuration, the sampling rate of two kinds of equipment is usually inconsistent, and this will cause for identical fiber distance, and the sampling number of two kinds of equipment is different.
3. spatial resolution difference.In order to complex optimum long distance thermometric performance, the spatial resolution general not high (be greater than 1m, be typically 2 ~ 5m) of DTS.And BOTDA has stronger long range measurements advantage, the high-acruracy survey of 0.5m spatial resolution can be realized.For the region that there is temperature peaks, because DTS and BOTDA spatial resolution is inconsistent, will there is difference in the slope on the rise and fall edge of temperature peaks measured by the two, as shown in Figure 2.Strain curve after demodulation will leave strong concussion curve (see the black circle of figure), occur the strain result of mistake.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement method, the principle of the method associating Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering, be that present temperature plateau region realizes the demodulation of strain high resolving power, and realize the correct demodulation of strain in temperature variant area.
The object of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
A kind of distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement method, its improvements are, described method comprises the steps:
(1) temperature sensing optical fiber and strain sensing optical fiber is laid;
(2) temperature profile results and Brillouin shift distribution results is received;
(3) described temperature profile results is alignd and interpolation with Brillouin shift distribution results;
(4) judge whether temperature profile results exists temperature peaks, and determine the Strain Distribution of temperature province inner fiber.
Wherein, in described step (1), the sensor fibre for measuring tempeature is laid with the Brillouin shift sensor fibre parallel deployment caused for monitor strain.
Wherein, in described step (2), coupling alignment unit receives the temperature profile results T of the low spatial resolution that distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS measures
dthe Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v of z high spatial resolution that () and distributed Brillouin's time-domain analysis BOTDA measure
b(z).
Wherein, in described step (3), Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v
b(z) and temperature profile results T
dz the data volume of () is identical, and data point position one_to_one corresponding.
Wherein, in described step (4), there is rise and fall edge for judging whether in the judgement in the region of temperature peaks; If temperature monotone variation amplitude exceedes threshold value (determining according to actual condition) in continuum, then think that this region exists temperature rise and fall edge, namely there is temperature peaks;
Determine that the Strain Distribution of temperature province inner fiber comprises:
A, to the temperature plateau region of not depositing rise and fall edge, the Strain Distribution ε (z) of optical fiber:
Wherein: k
tfor Brillouin shift temperature coefficient, k
εfor the Brillouin shift coefficient of strain;
B, to the temperature variant area that there is rise and fall edge, by Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v
bz () carries out that space is cumulative is averaged worth Δ v
lz (), makes Brillouin shift distribution results spatial resolution and temperature profile results T
dz () matches; Determine fibre strain distribution ε (z) of this temperature province:
Wherein, in described b, Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v
bz () consecutive number strong point is cumulative averages, and realizes the Auto-matching of the spatial resolution of distributed Brillouin's time-domain analysis BOTDA and distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS.
Wherein, in described step (4), the demodulation of temperature strain under distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS temperature plateau district, strain high spatial resolution is applicable to the decision method on temperature rise and fall edge; Distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS temperature jump district, strain undistorted under the demodulation of temperature strain.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:
1, the present invention utilizes DTS test data to realize the separation of distributed Brillouin's strain measurement result, can solve a difficult problem for the temperature strain coupling in the application of Brillouin's technology, promotes the application of strain monitoring engineeringization and has very large economic worth.
2, the present invention proposes to substitute direct detection by the mode of image data post-processed, effectively can overcome Measuring Time growth, direct measuring high cost, engineer applied realize large etc. the problem of difficulty.
3, the present invention adopts the method for Feature Points Matching, data interpolating (extraction), alignment of data in data processing method, there is the features such as processing speed is fast, curve is effective, extraction stress data temperature influence is little, meet the requirement of strain monitoring system real time execution.
4, under the condition of acquisition technique differentiation, algorithm carries out consecutive number strong point progressive mean to the data of high spatial resolution, effectively can not only reduce spatial resolution, and count can realize fast and DTS spatial resolution exact matching by optimizing progressive mean.
5, the technique algorithm that the present invention relates to has very strong adaptability, solve the reality of the coupling difficulty that the sense channel existed in practical application is inconsistent, sampled data output is different, the not equal many factors of spatial resolution causes, for applying of this technology has established solid foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that DTS assists BOTDA to carry out straining the structural drawing of demodulation;
Fig. 2 is that spatial resolution difference causes strain demodulation mistake schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the basic flow sheet of distributive fiber optic strain measuring method provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is DTS temperature measurement result provided by the invention and BOTDA frequency displacement measurement result raw data schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 to be DTS temperature measurement result provided by the invention with BOTDA frequency displacement measurement result carry out align with interpolation after result schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is consecutive number strong point provided by the invention progressive mean, implementation space resolution match schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the Strain Distribution curve map after demodulation provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 3, it comprises the following steps the basic procedure of distributive fiber optic strain measuring method provided by the invention:
(1) temperature sensing optical fiber and strain sensing optical fiber is laid: the optical fiber for measuring tempeature is laid with the optical fiber parallel deployment of the Brillouin shift caused for monitor strain.
(2) Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v (z) of the high spatial resolution that temperature profile results T (z) receiving the low spatial resolution that distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor (DTS) is measured is measured with distributed Brillouin's time-domain analysis (BOTDA).
(3) described temperature measurement result is alignd with frequency displacement measurement result, interpolation (or sampling), realize the Brillouin shift distribution Δ v of BOTDA
bthe Temperature Distribution T of (z) and DTS
dz the data volume of () is identical, data point position one_to_one corresponding.
(4) to T
dz () carries out rise and fall along judging, and then judge whether temperature province exists temperature peaks: if temperature monotone variation amplitude exceedes threshold value in continuum, then think to there is rise and fall edge, namely there is temperature peaks.Determine that in temperature province, the Strain Distribution of optical fiber temperature comprises:
A) to the temperature plateau region of not depositing rise and fall edge, the Strain Distribution ε (z) of optical cable:
Wherein: k
tfor Brillouin shift temperature coefficient, k
εfor the Brillouin shift coefficient of strain;
B) to the temperature variant area that there is rise and fall edge, Brillouin shift distribution Δ v
bz () is carried out cumulative the averaging in space and is obtained Δ v
lz (), makes its spatial resolution and T
dz () matches.Simultaneous equations calculate the strain stress (z) in this region empty:
The present invention, before carrying out strain demodulation, needs to judge whether DTS temperature data exists temperature peaks.The determination methods in the region of temperature peaks is mainly to find rise and fall edge.If multiple data point that is connected rises continuously or decline temperature change value exceedes threshold value, then think that this region exists temperature rise and fall edge, namely there is temperature peaks.
The present invention proposes the region for temperature plateau, the data surveyed under calculating strain Brillouin shift data acquisition BOTDA high spatial resolution used.And for there is the region of temperature peaks, calculate strain adopt that be through space progressive mean with Brillouin's translation data that the are low spatial resolution of DTS data match.So, not only achieve temperature plateau district, strain can high resolving power demodulation; And in temperature jump district, strain can correctly demodulation.
Under there is temperature peaks condition, in order to avoid the strain result of mistake appears in strain solutions timing, needing the Brillouin shift data obtaining the low spatial resolution matched with DTS, making the rise and fall of the two along overlapping.The means of general reduction BOTDA spatial resolution increase pump light pulse width or reduce photodetection circuit bandwidth.But change photodetection circuit bandwidth comparatively to bother, also impracticable.And change pump light pulse width, can implementation space resolution close with DTS, but it be limited to light impulse length adjustment stepping, be generally difficult to implementation space resolution exact matching.After changing pump light pulse width in addition, need the parameter configuration adjusting other photoelectric devices, to obtain good measurement performance, thus realize primary space resolution adjustment, operation is comparatively complicated.Even if complete two kinds of spatial resolution parameter configuration, completing once strain demodulation BOTDA needs to carry out switching detection to two kinds of parameter configuration, and Measuring Time will be caused double.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, distributed Brillouin's time-domain analysis BOTDA sampling rate is 1000M, spatial resolution 1m; Distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS sampling rate is 200M, spatial resolution 4m.
1. distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement structure:
The sensor fibre of DTS1 is multimode optical fiber 31 is the typical structure of single-mode fiber 32 as measure portion with the sensor fibre of BOTDA2.
BOTDA is loop structure, and optical fiber tail-end needs welding, front termination BOTDA two ports.Multimode optical fiber 31 and single-mode fiber 32 are with electric power transmission cable parallel deployment simultaneously.
DTS and BOTDA receives scattered signal, calculates the required temperature T (z) measured and Brillouin shift Δ v (z) data.As shown in Figure 4, there is dislocation in DTS and BOTDA length.
2. the demarcation alignment of measurement data:
Observe curvilinear characteristic, find calibration point.A is selected for Fig. 4, BOTDA
1, A
22 is calibration point, and DTS selects B
1, B
22 is calibration point; Physically, A
1with B
1same position, A
2with B
2it is same position; Take BOTDA as benchmark, DTS curve negotiating calibration algorithm, makes B
1b
2interior data and A
1a
2data one_to_one corresponding.
Supposing that optical fiber is equally distributed, take BOTDA as benchmark, and the distance between two calibration points is L=A
2-A
1; B
1to B
2the data point comprised is N; Obtained by following formula:
The B [0] obtained after conversion and A
1be positioned at same position, B [N-1] and A
2be positioned at same position, the length value between them is uniformly distributed.
If comprise multiple calibration point in curve, every two adjacent calibration points also demarcate distance by aforesaid way.In practical situations both, the position demarcating temperature peaks is not so easily determine, normal needs artificially arrange several heating temperatures point, so that determine the calibration point that aligns.
3. interpolation, sampling:
After distance calibration, it is consistent that the data of BOTDA and DTS show in length.But still there is the difference of sampling rate in them.A
1with A
2between, the range data of BOTDA represents with array P [M], corresponding frequency displacement V [M]; The range data array of DTS is Q [N], and temperature data is T [N]; If BOTDA sampling rate is 1000M, and DTS sampling rate is 200M, then M is 5 times of N.Thus need to sample to BOTDA data, or interpolation is carried out to DTS data.In order to obtain larger quantity of information, select the latter comparatively appropriate.General one dimension interpolation algorithm comprises: linear interpolation, polynomial interpolation and cubic spline interpolation.Cubic spline interpolation mode is selected in these row.After DTS temperature data being carried out to demarcation alignment and interpolation, obtain result as shown in Figure 5.
4. strain solutions temperature regulating peak region decision, event searching is carried out to DTS temperature peaks:
<1> searches for whole piece DTS curve, and record temperature rises the region of 10 points or 10 points that decline continuously continuously.
Range of temperature in <2> judging area, if exceed three times of noise, then thinks to there is temperature peaks, proceeds following steps, solve strain.Otherwise think that this regional temperature is steady, utilize formula 1. direct solution distributed strain information be ε (z).
<3> carries out front and back expansion to the region searched, and records the spatial dimension of the largest monotonic change in each region, if exceed threshold value, then thinks that this scope is the rising or falling of temperature.
There is the area of space on temperature rise and fall edge in <4>, BOTDA space progressive mean effectively can reduce spatial resolution.Optimize progressive mean to count realization, improve the matching precision of spatial resolution.After BOTDA data in this example carry out adjacent 41 progressive means, the rise and fall edge of BOTDA temperature peaks almost overlaps with DTS temperature peaks, as shown in Figure 6.In temperature peaks region, 1. application of formula carries out strain demodulation, but the Brillouin shift adopted is space adds up the data after averaging.
5. the strain that recalls of last solution as shown in Figure 7, in temperature peaks region, there is not wrong strain information.In temperature plateau district, the Brillouin shift needed for calculating strain is without progressive mean process, and resolution is high.
Distributive fiber optic strain measuring method provided by the invention, based on the principle of associating Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering, the demodulation of strain high resolving power is realized in temperature plateau region, and realize the correct demodulation of strain in temperature variant area, novel status monitoring means can be provided for the on-line monitoring of transmission line of electricity.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a distributed fiber optic temperature strain measurement method, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
(1) temperature sensing optical fiber and strain sensing optical fiber is laid;
(2) temperature profile results and Brillouin shift distribution results is received;
(3) described temperature profile results is alignd and interpolation with Brillouin shift distribution results;
(4) judge whether temperature profile results exists temperature peaks, and determine the Strain Distribution of temperature province inner fiber;
In described step (1), the sensor fibre for measuring tempeature is laid with the Brillouin shift sensor fibre parallel deployment caused for monitor strain;
In described step (2), coupling alignment unit receives the temperature profile results T of the low spatial resolution that distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS measures
dthe Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v of z high spatial resolution that () and distributed Brillouin's time-domain analysis BOTDA measure
b(z);
In described step (3), Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v
b(z) and temperature profile results T
dz the data volume of () is identical, and data point position one_to_one corresponding;
In described step (4), there is rise and fall edge for judging whether in the judgement in the region of temperature peaks; If temperature monotone variation amplitude exceedes threshold value in continuum, then think that this region exists temperature rise and fall edge, namely there is temperature peaks;
Determine that the Strain Distribution of temperature province inner fiber comprises:
A, to the temperature plateau region of not depositing rise and fall edge, the Strain Distribution ε (z) of optical fiber:
Wherein: k
tfor Brillouin shift temperature coefficient, k
εfor the Brillouin shift coefficient of strain;
B, to the temperature variant area that there is rise and fall edge, by Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v
bz () carries out that space is cumulative is averaged worth Δ v
lz (), makes Brillouin shift distribution results spatial resolution and temperature profile results T
dz () matches; Determine fibre strain distribution ε (z) of this temperature province:
In described b, Brillouin shift distribution results Δ v
bz () consecutive number strong point is cumulative averages, and realizes the Auto-matching of the spatial resolution of distributed Brillouin's time-domain analysis BOTDA and distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS;
In described step (4), the demodulation of temperature strain under distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS temperature plateau district, strain high spatial resolution is applicable to the decision method on temperature rise and fall edge; Distributed Raman scattering temperature sensor DTS temperature jump district, strain undistorted under the demodulation of temperature strain.
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| CN1900434A (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2007-01-24 | 南京大学 | Distributive optical fiber detecting method and system for prefabricated pile damage |
| CN101629855A (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-20 | 派克森公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system and detection method utilizing same |
| CN101762290A (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2010-06-30 | 电子科技大学 | Distributed Raman amplification-based Brillouin optical time domain analysis system |
| CN102645245A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-08-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Distributed fluid pressure and temperature simultaneous measurement device and method based on optical fiber brillouin scattering |
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| CN1900434A (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2007-01-24 | 南京大学 | Distributive optical fiber detecting method and system for prefabricated pile damage |
| CN101629855A (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-20 | 派克森公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system and detection method utilizing same |
| CN101762290A (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2010-06-30 | 电子科技大学 | Distributed Raman amplification-based Brillouin optical time domain analysis system |
| CN102645245A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-08-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Distributed fluid pressure and temperature simultaneous measurement device and method based on optical fiber brillouin scattering |
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