CN103334062B - A kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel and complete processing thereof - Google Patents
A kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel and complete processing thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of novel precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, its composition and quality % are: C 0.005 ~ 0.01, Si 2.6 ~ 2.9, Mn 0.3 ~ 0.8, P < 0.02, S < 0.01, Cr 31 ~ 33, Ni 10.4 ~ 13.6, Al 1.6 ~ 2.0, N 0.4 ~ 0.5, Ta 0.05 ~ 0.1, all the other are Fe; Add man-hour, first above-mentioned die steel is carried out esr as consumable electrode, founding obtains ESR ingot, then ESR ingot is heated to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C, and is forged into module after being incubated 5 ~ 8 hours, finally by air-cooled for module to room temperature.The present invention not only improves the erosion resistance of die steel, hardness, wear resistance and polishability, and ensure that the purity of steel, reduces production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of moulding stock, particularly relate to a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel and complete processing thereof, be specifically applicable to the erosion resistance of raising die steel, hardness, wear resistance and polishability.
Background technology
Mould of plastics is equipped as the important process of plastics processing industry, and application is more and more extensive, and because its steel consumption is large, description is many, in die steel, occupy larger specific gravity.Steel for Plastic Die material general requirement has certain intensity, hardness, mould capacity and solidity to corrosion etc., also requires to have good machinability, polishing performance, dermatoglyph processing characteristics etc. simultaneously.
At present, precipitation hardening type plastic die steel applies most often low-carbon (LC) precipitation hardening type die steel, and (composition quality % is: C 0.15, Si 0.30, Mn 1.50, Ni 3.0, Al 1.0, Cu 1.0), there is higher hardness (HRC37 ~ 43), good polishing performance in pre-hardened plastic mold steel, can as clear plastic articles mould as moulds such as makeup plastic containers, blister pack classes.But, along with the use hardness of high-end plastic die steel is more and more higher, improving constantly that the corrosion resistance nature of mould is required generally is applied with additive plastics, the use properties of such precipitation type plastic die steel can not be applicable to the use properties requirement of high-end mould of plastics completely, be mainly manifested in such mould exists the oxidizable corrosion of die surface shortcoming in use procedure, in addition because hardness is not enough high, affect polishing performance.
Chinese patent: Patent publication No is CN102796959A, publication date is that the patent of invention on November 28th, 2012 discloses a kind of corrosion-resistant plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof, and the chemical composition of this die steel and % by weight is: C0.16 ~ 0.24, Si≤0.15, Mn≤0.15, P < 0.015, S < 0.005, Cr 12.00 ~ 12.60, N0.13 ~ 0.20, Ta 0.03 ~ 0.08, C+N=0.30 ~ 0.37, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.Although this invention has the feature of high-corrosion resistance and high polishing performance, be applicable to the manufacture of corrosion resistant precise plastic mould, still have following defect:
On the one hand, the avidity of C element and Cr element is very large, easily form carbide with it, and in this invention, the quality % content of C element is higher, is 0.16 ~ 0.24, and more carbide significantly can reduce the corrosion resistance nature of steel; On the other hand, Cr is as one of the most effective alloying element of corrosion resistance nature improving steel, and its content is higher, the corrosion resistance nature of steel is also stronger, and the quality % content of Cr element is lower in the present invention, be only 12.00 ~ 12.60, therefore the corrosion resistance nature of this invention steel is poor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the problem that the corrosion resistance nature that exists in prior art is poor, a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel and the complete processing thereof that can significantly improve corrosion resistance nature are provided.
For realizing above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, the composition of described die steel and quality % are: C 0.005 ~ 0.01, Si2.6 ~ 2.9, Mn 0.3 ~ 0.8, P < 0.02, S < 0.01, Cr 31 ~ 33, Ni 10.4 ~ 13.6, Al 1.6 ~ 2.0, N 0.4 ~ 0.5, Ta 0.05 ~ 0.1, all the other are Fe.
The mass ratio of described Ni, Al is Ni: Al=6.5 ~ 6.8: 1.
A complete processing for above-mentioned precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, described complete processing comprises the following steps successively:
A. die steel is carried out esr as consumable electrode, and obtain ESR ingot by founding;
B. above-mentioned ESR ingot is heated to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C, and is forged into module after being incubated 5 ~ 8 hours;
C. by air-cooled to room temperature for the module obtained, ferritic stainless steel is obtained.
In step b, ESR ingot is with heating rate to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C of 60 ~ 100 DEG C/h.
In step b, opening forging temperature is 1050 ~ 1100 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=900 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, composition and the quality % thereof of a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel of the present invention are: C 0.005 ~ 0.01, Si 2.6 ~ 2.9, Mn 0.3 ~ 0.8, P < 0.02, S < 0.01, Cr 31 ~ 33, Ni 10.4 ~ 13.6, Al 1.6 ~ 2.0, N 0.4 ~ 0.5, Ta 0.05 ~ 0.1, all the other are Fe, the design advantage of various composition is: C, the present invention adopts ultralow-carbon Composition Design, carbon content in steel is limited in extremely low scope (0.005 ~ 0.01), make the content of carbide in die steel few, its corrosion resistance nature is improved, Cr, in the present invention, the quality % of Cr reaches 31 ~ 33, and the Cr of high-content can make steel form single ferritic structure, and erosion resistance significantly improves, Ni, Al, when just can form intermetallic compound, Precipitation Ni containing when Ni, Al in steel simultaneously
3al, significantly improves the hardness of steel, thus improves polishing performance, N, the present invention adopts nitrogen alloying technology solution strengthening matrix, improves corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance, Si, can be dissolved in ferrite the hardness, wear resistance and the polishability that improve steel, Mn, and Fe can form sosoloid, improves ferritic hardness and intensity in steel, Ta, can form nitride in steel, has crystal grain thinning, improves the effect of the impelling strength of steel.Therefore, the present invention can significantly improve the corrosion resistance nature of die steel, hardness, wear resistance and polishability.
2, in a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel of the present invention, the mass ratio of Ni, Al is Ni: Al=6.5 ~ 6.8: 1, and this proportional range ensure that in steel, Al all can form intermetallic compound Ni with Ni element
3al, it also avoid excessive Al element simultaneously and form Al in steel
2o
3the purity of steel is affected Deng non-metallic inclusion.Therefore, this invention ensures that the purity of die steel.
The module formed by ESR ingot heats forged in the complete processing of 3, a kind of precipitation-hardening of the present invention plastic die steel is directly air-cooled to room temperature, can forming ferrite stainless steel, without the need to carrying out anneal to module, effectively reducing production cost.Therefore, present invention reduces production cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, the composition of described die steel and quality % are: C 0.005 ~ 0.01, Si2.6 ~ 2.9, Mn 0.3 ~ 0.8, P < 0.02, S < 0.01, Cr 31 ~ 33, Ni 10.4 ~ 13.6, Al 1.6 ~ 2.0, N 0.4 ~ 0.5, Ta 0.05 ~ 0.1, all the other are Fe.
The mass ratio of described Ni, Al is Ni: Al=6.5 ~ 6.8: 1.
Composition and the effect of a kind of precipitation-hardening of the present invention plastic die steel are as follows:
C:C element is the indispensable element improving hardness of steel, also be the important element affecting the component segregation of steel and the homogeneity of structure of steel, along with the increase of carbon content in steel, carbide content in steel increases, when particularly containing carbide forming element Cr, Mo, V in steel, a large amount of carbide, by reducing the corrosion resistance nature of steel, increases the tendency of carbide segregation simultaneously.The present invention adopts ultralow-carbon Composition Design, the carbon content in steel is limited in extremely low scope (0.005 ~ 0.01), reduces the carbide content of Cr in steel to greatest extent, thus improves corrosion resistance nature.
Cr:Cr is one of the most effective alloying element of the corrosion resistance nature improving steel, when in steel, the quality % of Cr element reaches more than 12, steel just has the corrosion resistance nature in the corrosive mediums such as hydrochloric acid, and along with the raising of Cr constituent content in steel, the corrosion resistance nature of steel also improves thereupon, if but the quality % of Cr element more than 33 time, the plasticity of steel will obviously decline, therefore the quality % of Cr element in die steel controls 31 ~ 33 by the present invention, make die steel form single ferritic structure, corrosion resistance nature significantly improves.
N:N is an element with remarkable solution strengthening effect, N with C is the same can be solid-solution in iron, form interval type sosoloid, the present invention carrys out Intensive intervention effect by adding a small amount of N element, improve corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance, and too high N content will reduce the toughness of steel, consider the high rigidity requirement of die steel, the quality % of N is controlled 0.4 ~ 0.5.
Ni, Al:Ni are one of alloying elements of the intensity improving steel, when can form intermetallic compound, Precipitation Ni containing when Ni, Al in steel simultaneously
3al, significantly improves the hardness of steel.In order to ensure that the Al element added in steel all can form intermetallic compound Ni with Ni element
3al, can avoid again excessive Al element to form Al in steel simultaneously
2o
3reduce the purity of steel Deng non-metallic inclusion, the mass ratio of Ni, Al controls Ni: Al=6.5 ~ 6.8: 1 by the present invention.
Si:Si can be dissolved in the hardness and intensity that improve steel in ferrite and austenite, if but the quality % of Si element more than 2.9 time, to significantly reduce ductility and the toughness of steel, therefore in the present invention, the quality % of Si element is 2.6 ~ 2.9, object improves the intensity of die steel, and then improve the wear resisting property of mould.
Mn:Mn and Fe can form sosoloid, improves ferrite and austenitic hardness and intensity in steel.But Mn has serious grain coarsening tendency, reduce the toughness of material, therefore the quality % of the present invention's control Mn element is 0.3 ~ 0.8, to increase hardness and the intensity of die steel.
Ta:Ta element can form nitride in steel, there is crystal grain thinning, improve the effect of the impelling strength of steel, because containing more N element in steel of the present invention, therefore with the addition of a small amount of Ta element (quality % is 0.05 ~ 0.1), with crystal grain thinning, improve toughness.
The segregation in steel of P, S:P element and S element is serious, can increase temper brittleness, significantly reduces plasticity and the toughness of steel, causes steel easy embrittlement when cold working, therefore should control P, S content in steel.The quality % that in the present invention, the quality % of P element is less than 0.02, S element is less than 0.01.
A complete processing for above-mentioned precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, described complete processing comprises the following steps successively:
A. die steel is carried out esr as consumable electrode, and obtain ESR ingot by founding;
B. above-mentioned ESR ingot is heated to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C, and is forged into module after being incubated 5 ~ 8 hours;
C. by air-cooled to room temperature for the module obtained, ferritic stainless steel is obtained.
In step b, ESR ingot is with heating rate to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C of 60 ~ 100 DEG C/h.
In step b, opening forging temperature is 1050 ~ 1100 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=900 DEG C.
The principle of the complete processing of a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel of the present invention is described as follows:
Step a: this step to be purified steel by esr, and obtain that smooth surface, homogeneous microstructure are fine and close, the ESR ingot of metallographic structure and uniform composition.
Step b: this step optimizes the heterogeneous microstructure of steel by forging, wherein, when ESR ingot is heated to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C, its pyroplastic deformability is best, the forging property of steel ingot is good, effectively can prevent the surface cracking tendency of steel in forging process, and the too fast ESR ingot that easily causes of rate of heating ftractures in heat-processed, therefore by ESR ingot with heating rate to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C of 60 ~ 100 DEG C/h; Meanwhile, because the high temperature thermoplasticity of steel of the present invention within the scope of 1050 ~ 1100 DEG C is best, be not easy to produce high-temperature hot processing cracking, be conducive to high temperature deformation processing treatment, therefore will open satin temperature and control at 1050 ~ 1100 DEG C; Due to steel of the present invention lower than when 900 DEG C resistance to deformation increase, easily cause cracking, thus stop forging temperature control more than 900 DEG C.
Step c: because steel of the present invention is ferritic stainless steel, forging is air-cooled afterwards can obtain ferritic structure, and therefore in this step, module adopts the directly air-cooled method to room temperature, without the need to carrying out anneal to it, effectively reduces production cost.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, the composition of described die steel and quality % thereof are: C 0.005, Si 2.9, Mn 0.35, P 0.017, S 0.008, Cr 32.5, Ni 11.05, Al 1.7, N 0.48, Ta 0.06, all the other are Fe.
The complete processing of above-mentioned precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, comprises the following steps successively:
A. die steel is carried out esr as consumable electrode, and obtain ESR ingot by founding;
B. by above-mentioned ESR ingot with the heating rate to 1130 DEG C of 100 DEG C/h, and be forged into module after being incubated 6 hours, wherein, opening forging temperature is 1085 DEG C, and stopping forging temperature is 910 DEG C;
C. by air-cooled to room temperature for the module obtained, ferritic stainless steel is obtained.
For detecting effect of the present invention, with conventional precipitation-hardening plastic die steel (trade mark is: 10Ni3MnCuAl) steel as a comparison, hardness, wear resisting property, corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance are heat-treated in steel sampling of the present invention detect, detection method is as follows:
Heat treatment hardness detects: after sample be incubated 2 hours at 1020 DEG C, oil cooling is to room temperature, detects its hardness value after being then incubated tempering in 4 hours at 520 DEG C;
Wear resisting property detects: adopt quenching state rapid steel to be friction pair, records its wearing and tearing weight after abrasion tester rubs 100 minutes;
Corrosion resistance nature detects: record bodies lost weight after sample is soaked 24 hours in 10% hydrochloric acid, calculates average corrosion rate;
Polishing performance detects: on automatic polishing machine, carry out grinding and polishing, the polishing particles granularity in rubbing paste is from coarse to fine is 3000 ~ 10000 orders.
Detected result display comparison Heat Treatment Of Steel hardness value is 40, and the rate of wear is 41mg/100min, and average corrosion rate is 15g/m
2h, is polished to the above polished surface of 7000 order and occurs corrugated defect; The present embodiment Heat Treatment Of Steel hardness value is 50, and the rate of wear is 26mg/100min, and average corrosion rate is 2.3g/m
2h, polished surface zero defect when being polished to 10000 order.
Embodiment 2:
Step with embodiment 1, unlike, the chemical composition of described die steel and mass percent thereof are: C 0.008, Si 2.7, Mn 0.80, P 0.016, S 0.007, Cr 31.0, Ni 10.88, Al 1.6, N 0.42, Ta 0.08; In step b, ESR ingot with the heating rate to 1120 DEG C of 80 DEG C/h, and is forged into module after being incubated 8 hours, and wherein, opening forging temperature is 1050 DEG C, and stopping forging temperature is 900 DEG C.
The heat treatment hardness value that detected result shows the present embodiment sample is 51, and the rate of wear is 24mg/100min, and average corrosion rate is 2.8g/m
2h, polished surface zero defect when being polished to 10000 order.
Embodiment 3:
Step with embodiment 1, unlike, the chemical composition of described die steel and mass percent thereof are: C 0.010, Si 2.6, Mn 0.53, P 0.015, S 0.009, Cr 31.6, Ni 12.10, Al 1.85, N 0.45, Ta 0.05; In step b, ESR ingot with the heating rate to 1150 DEG C of 90 DEG C/h, and is forged into module after being incubated 5 hours, and wherein, opening forging temperature is 1100 DEG C, and stopping forging temperature is 920 DEG C.
It is 52.5 that detected result shows the present embodiment Heat Treatment Of Steel hardness value, and the rate of wear is 23.5mg/100min, and average corrosion rate is 2.6g/m
2h, polished surface zero defect when being polished to 10000 order.
Embodiment 4:
Step with embodiment 1, unlike, the chemical composition of described die steel and mass percent thereof are: C 0.007, Si 2.8, Mn 0.30, P 0.018, S 0.005, Cr 33.0, Ni 12.6, Al 1.9, N 0.50, Ta 0.07; In step b, ESR ingot with the heating rate to 1140 DEG C of 85 DEG C/h, and is forged into module after being incubated 7 hours, and wherein, opening forging temperature is 1060 DEG C, and stopping forging temperature is 915 DEG C.
It is 53 that detected result shows the present embodiment Heat Treatment Of Steel hardness value, and the rate of wear is 21mg/100min, and average corrosion rate is 2.1g/m
2h, polished surface zero defect when being polished to 10000 order.
Embodiment 5:
Step with embodiment 1, unlike, the chemical composition of described die steel and mass percent thereof are: C 0.009, Si 2.82, Mn 0.67, P 0.019, S 0.006, Cr 32.3, Ni 13.2, Al 2.0, N 0.46, Ta 0.10; In step b, ESR ingot with the heating rate to 1135 DEG C of 95 DEG C/h, and is forged into module after being incubated 6 hours, and wherein, opening forging temperature is 1070 DEG C, and stopping forging temperature is 905 DEG C.
It is 52 that detected result shows the present embodiment Heat Treatment Of Steel hardness value, and the rate of wear is 22mg/100min, and average corrosion rate is 2.5g/m
2h, polished surface zero defect when being polished to 10000 order.
Compared with compared steel, the hardness of steel of the present invention, corrosion resistance nature, wear resisting property, polishing performance are significantly increased, therefore the present invention has high rigidity, high-corrosion resistance, high-wear resistance and high polishing performance, is applicable to the mould of plastics of super minute surface high corrosion-resistance wear-resistance performance requriements.
Claims (3)
1. a complete processing for precipitation-hardening plastic die steel, is characterized in that:
The composition of described die steel and quality % are: C 0.005 ~ 0.01, Si 2.6 ~ 2.9, Mn 0.3 ~ 0.8, P < 0.02, S < 0.01, Cr 31 ~ 33, Ni 10.4 ~ 13.6, Al 1.6 ~ 2.0, N 0.4 ~ 0.5, Ta 0.05 ~ 0.1, all the other are Fe, wherein, the mass ratio of described Ni, Al is Ni: Al=6.5 ~ 6.8: 1;
Described complete processing comprises the following steps successively:
A. die steel is carried out esr as consumable electrode, and obtain ESR ingot by founding;
B. above-mentioned ESR ingot is heated to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C, and is forged into module after being incubated 5 ~ 8 hours;
C. by air-cooled to room temperature for the module obtained, ferritic stainless steel is obtained.
2. the complete processing of a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step b, ESR ingot is with heating rate to 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C of 60 ~ 100 DEG C/h.
3. the complete processing of a kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that in step b, and opening forging temperature is 1050 ~ 1100 DEG C, stops forging temperature >=900 DEG C.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN86101988A (en) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-07 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Plastic die steel |
| CN101440456A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hot die steel with excellent heat resistance and high toughness |
| CN101476086A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2009-07-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102796959A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-11-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant plastic mold steel and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103173680A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-06-26 | 上海大学 | High-chromium aluminum-containing ferrite stainless steel |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86101988A (en) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-07 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Plastic die steel |
| CN101440456A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hot die steel with excellent heat resistance and high toughness |
| CN101476086A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2009-07-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Economic steel for plastic cavity die and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102796959A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-11-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant plastic mold steel and preparation method thereof |
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