CN102796959B - A kind of corrosion-resistant plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of corrosion-resistant plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102796959B CN102796959B CN201110137950.5A CN201110137950A CN102796959B CN 102796959 B CN102796959 B CN 102796959B CN 201110137950 A CN201110137950 A CN 201110137950A CN 102796959 B CN102796959 B CN 102796959B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of novel corrosion resistant die steel, its weight percent chemical composition is: C:0.16-0.24%, Si≤0.15%, Mn≤0.15%, P < 0.015%, S < 0.005%, Cr:12.00-12.60%, N:0.13-0.20%, Ta:0.03-0.08%, C+N=0.30-0.37%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.The invention still further relates to its manufacture method, comprising: pour into the esr of electrode bar → again at vacuum induction melting and become ESR ingot → Heating Steel Ingots to be forged into forging stock → forging stock anneal; Wherein, before steel ingot forging, be heated to 1100-1200 DEG C of temperature, insulation 1-2 hour; In forging stock anneal, annealing temperature is 830-860 DEG C, insulation 3-4 hour.Die steel of the present invention has high-corrosion resistance, high polishing performance and low linear expansion coefficient, is suitable for the manufacture of corrosion resistant precise plastic mould.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plastic die steel, particularly relate to one and have good corrosion resistance, polishing performance is good, the plastic die steel that cost of alloy is low, for the manufacture of corrosion resistant precise plastic mould.
Background technology
Plastics are of a great variety, comprise automobile component as lampshade, panel board, opticinstrument component as camera lens, household appliances shell, PVC daily plastic goods etc.The plastics that wherein appliance shell uses are ABS+ fire retardants.Some plastics, as polyvinyl chloride, fluoroplastics, flame retardant resistance ABS etc., can decomposite the corrosive gasess such as hydrogenchloride, hydrogen fluoride, sulfurous gas, have certain corrosive nature, therefore require that the mould of these type of plastics should have corrosion resistance nature to mould.The steel grade that can meet the requirement of corrosion-resistant corrosive nature is stainless steel.Stainless widespread use defines the series stainless steels such as Martensite Stainless Steel, ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel.Austenite and ferritic stainless steel can not meet the requirement (HRC >=46) of die steel to hardness because intensity is low, Martensite Stainless Steel is the stainless steel that a class can be adjusted its performance by thermal treatment, are the hardenable stainless steels of a class.This kind of stainless characteristic determines its existence must in equilibrium phase diagram with austenite phase field and alloy can be made to form corrosion resistant passive film.Therefore Martensite Stainless Steel becomes the first-selected steel grade of corrosion-resistant plastic die steel, and typical grade of steel is 4Cr13 and 4Cr16Mo.
The chemical composition of 4Cr13 consists of C:0.36-0.45%, Si≤0.60%, Mn≤0.80%, P≤0.04%, S≤0.03%, Cr:12.00-14.00%, Ni≤0.60%.Because C and Cr content is higher, Cr is carbide, therefore very easily forms a large amount of carbide in 4Cr13 steel, and see accompanying drawing 1 (a), the existence of carbide causes corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance to decline.The chemical composition of 4Cr16Mo is C:0.33-0.43%, Mn:0.30-1.00%, Si:0.30-1.00%, S≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:15.00-17.00%, Ni:0.10-1.0%, Mo:1.0-1.30%, Cr content in 4Cr16Mo improves further, reduce γ phase region, be easy to form high temperature ferritic phase, when the Ni content in steel lower than 0.32% time produce high temperature ferritic phase, see accompanying drawing 1 (b), 4Cr16Mo reaches about 0.4% because of carbon content, a large amount of carbide is there is equally in steel, affect corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance.And containing the Ni that price is high, the alloying elements such as Mo, material cost is high.
CN1676653A discloses a kind of 4Cr16Mo steel, and its chemical composition is C:0.33-0.43%, Mn:0.30-1.00%, Si:0.30-1.00%, S≤0.045%, P≤0.045%, Cr:14-18%, Ni:0.10-1.00%, Mo:0.80-1.50%; All the other are Fe.
CN1948541A discloses a kind of corrosion resistant mould steel, its chemical composition is C:0.30-0.45%, Mn:0.5-1.00%, Si:0.2-0.80%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, Cr:16.00-18.00%, Mo:1.00-1.50%, V:0.10-0.40%, Ni:0.30-1.00%, N:0.02-0.12%, all the other are Fe.
CN1676653A and CN1948541A is 16%Cr series corrosion resistant mould steel, and with the addition of the alloying elements such as Ni, Mo, V, corrosion resistance nature is improved by adding Mo element, but do not reduce carbon content, there is a large amount of carbide in steel and affect corrosion resistance nature, therefore, corrosion resistance nature is not had clear improvement, and the alloying cost of composition is higher.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of novel corrosion resistant plastic die steel.
For overcoming existing corrosion resistant mould steel carbide segregation, organizing restive and that cost of alloy is high shortcoming, the present invention adopts microalloying thinking to design the lower corrosion-resistant plastic die steel of a kind of alloying element content, the Composition Design thinking of C is fallen by adding N, and the total amount of control C+N is reasonably interval at one, thus the carbide in minimizing steel, improve the corrosion resistance nature of material, and ensure mold use hardness requirement; Add a small amount of alloying element Ta crystal grain thinning in addition, improve toughness, make steel grade have high-corrosion resistance, the feature of high polishing performance, low distortion and low cost.
For achieving the above object, the weight percent chemical composition of corrosion-resistant plastic die steel of the present invention is: C:0.16-0.24%, Si≤0.15%, Mn≤0.15%, P < 0.015%, S < 0.005%, Cr:12.00-12.60%, N:0.13-0.20%, Ta:0.03-0.08%, C+N=0.30-0.37%, surplus is Fe.
Composition Design of the present invention is based on following principle:
C：0.16-0.24％
C is the hardness and the most effective element of intensity that improve steel, and solution strengthening effect is remarkable, is to ensure the requisite element of die steel hardness.C is the indispensable fundamental element forming the various carbide such as chromium carbide, and the too high meeting of C content causes increasing and segregation of carbide quantity in steel, reduces toughness and corrosion resistance nature.The too low high rigidity requirement that can not meet die steel of C content.Control C:0.16-0.24% in the present invention.Be preferably 0.17-0.24%, or 0.16-0.23%.
N：0.13-0.20％
N is an element with remarkable solution strengthening effect, N with C is the same is solid-solution in iron, forms interval type sosoloid, by add a small amount of N the solution strengthening effect that rises, condition is created for reducing carbon content, the main thought of steel grades design of the present invention is exactly with N for C, reaches reduction C content, reduces carbide, improve corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance, controlling N content in the present invention is 0.13-0.20%, considers the high rigidity requirement of die steel, need ensure C+N=0.30 ~ 0.37%.
Si≤0.15％
Have good desoxydatoin containing a small amount of Si in steel, but Si too high levels then reduces welding and the machinability of steel.In the present invention, control Si content is≤0.15%, preferably, and Si:0.10-0.15%.
Mn≤0.15％
Mn too high levels in steel, has the phenomenon causing grain coarsening, and increase steel belt roof bolt fragility, therefore Mn content controls at lower content range by the present invention, preferred Mn≤0.15%, more preferably Mn:0.10-0.15% simultaneously.
P＜0.015％
P element easily in grain boundaries segregation, cause the fragility of steel to increase, therefore the P content in steel should be low as far as possible in steel.Control P < 0.015% in the present invention
S＜0.005％
S element exists with the form of sulfide in steel, reduce lateral extension and the toughness properties of steel, therefore the P content in steel should be low as far as possible.Control S < 0.005% in the present invention.
Cr：12.00-12.60％
Cr is the element with passivation tendency, and the vital role of Cr is the corrosion resistance nature significantly improving steel, just has significant corrosion resistance nature when Cr content reaches 12% in steel.Cr is also the alloying element of strongly postponing perlitic transformation, is conducive to the raising of hardening capacity; Cr is the element reducing γ phase region, and Cr too high levels will obtain ferritic structure, causes intensity to reduce, and corrosion resistance nature is deteriorated, and therefore Cr content is unsuitable too high.In the present invention, control Cr content is 12.0-12.60%, is preferably 12.0-12.50%.
Also add micro-Ta:0.03-0.08% in the present invention, in steel, add micro-Ta element can play the effect that crystal grain thinning improves the impelling strength of steel, improving welding property.Ta too high levels then reduces the hardening capacity of steel, and therefore, in the present invention, control Ta content is 0.03-0.08%, is preferably 0.035-0.075%.
The present invention also provides the manufacture method of above-mentioned die steel.The method comprises:
Vacuum induction melting pours into electrode bar → esr and becomes ESR ingot → Heating Steel Ingots to be forged into forging stock → forging stock anneal.
Preferably, vacuum induction melting pours into Φ 200mm electrode bar.
Preferably, esr becomes the ESR ingot of Φ 300mm.
Preferably, Heating Steel Ingots is forged into the forging stock of 100*100mm.
Wherein, be first heated to 1100-1200 DEG C before ESR ingot forging, forge after being incubated 1-2 hour, the too high forging process of Heating temperature easily produces burning defect, and the too low forging process of Heating temperature easily produces surface crack.Forging stock needs to carry out anneal, and annealing temperature is 830-860 DEG C, and insulation 3-4 hour, stove is chilled to room temperature afterwards.Annealing temperature is too high easily causes coarse grains, and the too low annealed structure that easily causes of annealing temperature is uneven.Such as, forging stock carries out quenching+tempering process after being processed into mould, quenching temperature 1020 DEG C, soaking time: thickness 100mm, is incubated 2 hours; Tempering temperature 250 DEG C, soaking time: thickness 100mm, is incubated 4 hours.
Composition and the technique tool of die steel of the present invention have the following advantages:
The proportioning of chemical composition is more reasonable, passes through to add a certain amount of N element, effectively reduce the content of C element, the carbide segregation situation of steel is very significantly improved with N for the mentality of designing of C.Cr content is not very high simultaneously, both ensure that the requirement of corrosion resistance nature, and has served again the effect preventing high temperature ferritic phase from separating out, and made steel grade of the present invention have the feature of high-corrosion resistance and high polishing performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure of quenching (1020 DEG C × 2h)+tempering (250 DEG C × 4h) state of contrast grade of steel 4Cr13, and in picture, white granular pattern is organized as carbide, and forms network-like distribution.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure of quenching (1020 DEG C × 2h)+tempering (250 DEG C × 4h) state of contrast grade of steel 4Cr16Mo (containing 0.32%Ni), in picture, white chunks is organized as high temperature ferritic phase, and white light tone globular structure is carbide.
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure of quenching (1020 DEG C × 2h)+tempering (250 DEG C × 4h) state of steel grade of the present invention, and homogeneity of structure is better, exists in tissue without block high temperature ferritic phase and obvious granular carbide.
Embodiment
By the following examples feature of the present invention and effect are described.
The chemical composition of embodiment 1-5 is in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment and contrast grade of steel chemical composition
According to the composition of above-described embodiment, vacuum induction furnace smelting is adopted to become the electrode bar of Φ 200mm, then esr is carried out, ESR ingot specification is Φ 300mm, heats forged becomes cross-sectional area to be the forging stock of 100mm × 100mm afterwards, inspection by sampling corrosion resistance nature, polishing performance and linear expansivity and metallographic structure.The concrete technology parameter of embodiment is in table 2.
Table 2 embodiment processing parameter
Test example 1: erosion rate (GB/T 10125-1997, artificial atmosphere corrosion test salt-fog test)
Spray with the 5%NaCl aqueous solution and measure erosion rate in 72 hours, the results are shown in Table 3.
Test example 2: polishing performance
Automatic polishing machine carries out polishing, and burnishing parameters is: the time is 2 minutes, and pressure is 180N, and rotating speed is 300N/min.Sample hardness is HRC46-48, size of sample Φ 30mm, to the sample after polishing in atomic force microscope enterprising line scanning test polished surface roughness.The results are shown in Table 3.
Test example 3: linear expansivity
Linear cut produces the cylinder sample of Φ 5 × 25mm, in the rearmounted lambda line dilatometer of surface grinding (model is DIL402C), vacuumizes rear logical argon shield and tests, be heated to 100 DEG C with the rate of heating of 5 DEG C/min, the test coefficient of expansion.The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment and contrast grade of steel performance test results
Compared with existing 4Cr13 corrosion resistant mould steel, steel grade corrosion resistance nature of the present invention significantly improves.When Rockwell hardness HRC46-48, adopt concentration to be the salt-fog test that the 5%NaCl aqueous solution carries out 72 hours, erosion rate is 0.45-0.57 (g/m
2and the erosion rate of 4Cr13 is 0.88% (g/m .h),
2.h).
Compared with existing 4Cr13 corrosion resistant mould steel, steel grade polishing performance of the present invention significantly improves.When Rockwell hardness HRC46-48, the roughness Ra after steel grade polishing of the present invention is 3.2-3.8nm; And the roughness Ra after 4Cr13 polishing is 6.3nm
Compared with existing 4Cr16Mo corrosion resistant mould steel, steel grade of the present invention is not containing alloying elements such as Ni, Mo, V, alloying element content reduces 3.6%, thus reduce manufacturing cost, improve the competitiveness of product in market, and obtain lower linear expansivity, steel grade of the present invention 100 DEG C of linear expansivitys are: 9.6-9.9 (10
-6//K), contrast grade of steel 4Cr13 is 10.6 (10
-6//K), contrast grade of steel 4Cr16Mo is 11.8 (10
-6//K).
Visible, embodiments of the invention are compared with contrast grade of steel, corrosion resistance nature and polishing performance are significantly increased, and there is lower linear expansivity, therefore steel grade of the present invention has high-corrosion resistance, the feature of high polishing performance and low distortion, is applicable to the accurate corrosion-resistant plastic die steel that minute surface requirement is higher.
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure of quenching (1020 DEG C × 2h)+tempering (250 DEG C × 4h) state of contrast grade of steel 4Cr13, and in picture, white granular pattern is organized as carbide, and forms network-like distribution.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure of quenching (1020 DEG C × 2h)+tempering (250 DEG C × 4h) state of contrast grade of steel 4Cr16Mo (containing 0.32%Ni), in picture, white chunks is organized as high temperature ferritic phase, and white light tone globular structure is carbide.
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure of quenching (1020 DEG C × 2h)+tempering (250 DEG C × 4h) state of steel grade of the present invention, and homogeneity of structure is better, exists in tissue without block high temperature ferritic phase and obvious granular carbide.
Visible, chemical composition proportioning of the present invention is more reasonable, passes through to add a certain amount of N element, effectively reduce the content of C element, the carbide segregation situation of steel is very significantly improved with N for the mentality of designing of C.Cr content is not very high simultaneously, both ensure that the requirement of corrosion resistance nature, and has served again the effect preventing high temperature ferritic phase from separating out, and made steel grade of the present invention have the feature of high-corrosion resistance and high polishing performance.
Owing to instant invention overcomes existing corrosion resistant mould steel carbide segregation, organizing restive and that cost of alloy is high shortcoming, microalloying thinking is adopted to design the lower corrosion-resistant plastic die steel of a kind of alloying element content, reduce manufacturing cost, improve product competitiveness.
Claims (10)
1. a corrosion-resistant plastic die steel, its weight percent chemical composition is: C:0.16-0.24%, Si≤0.15%, Mn≤0.15%, P < 0.015%, S < 0.005%, Cr:12.00-12.60%, N:0.13-0.20%, Ta:0.03-0.08%, C+N=0.30-0.37%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, C:0.17-0.24%, or C:0.16-0.23%.
3. corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, Si:0.10-0.15%.
4. the corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as described in claim 1-, is characterized in that, Mn:0.10-0.15%.
5. corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, Cr:12.0-12.50%.
6. corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, Ta:0.035-0.075%.
7. the corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-6, it is when Rockwell hardness HRC46-48, and adopt concentration to be the salt-fog test that the 5%NaCl aqueous solution carries out 72 hours, erosion rate is 0.45-0.57g/m
2.h, the roughness Ra after polishing is 3.2-3.8nm; 100 DEG C of linear expansivitys are: 9.6-9.910
-6/ K.
8. the manufacture method of the corrosion-resistant plastic die steel as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-7, comprising:
Electrode bar is poured at vacuum induction melting;
Esr becomes ESR ingot again;
Heating Steel Ingots is forged into forging stock;
Forging stock anneal;
Wherein, before steel ingot forging, 1100-1200 DEG C of temperature is heated to;
In forging stock anneal, annealing temperature is 830-860 DEG C, insulation 3-4 hour.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, before steel ingot forging, is heated to 1100-1200 DEG C of temperature, insulation 1-2 hour.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, is characterized in that, after forging stock annealing, stove is chilled to room temperature.
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| CN103334062B (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-09-30 | 湖北上大模具材料科技有限公司 | A kind of precipitation-hardening plastic die steel and complete processing thereof |
| CN103866197B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-04-20 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | A kind of plastic die steel and manufacture method thereof with erosion resistance |
| CN107557670B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-10-25 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Austenitic stainless steel and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107858593A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-03-30 | 蚌埠市华鼎机械科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Heat-resistant stable, impact-resistant alloy mold |
| CN110230002B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2020-10-02 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Martensite steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112375987A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-19 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Nitrogen-added corrosion-resistant plastic die steel and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN101294259A (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-29 | 大同特殊钢株式会社 | Hot die steel for die-casting |
| CN101798861A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-08-11 | 韩旭 | Heat-preserving and insulating and muffling system structure of steel mesh fiber spraying hanging panel |
| CN101967608A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2011-02-09 | 上海大学 | Nitrogen-containing corrosion-resistance plastic die steel and preparation process thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101294259A (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-29 | 大同特殊钢株式会社 | Hot die steel for die-casting |
| CN101798861A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-08-11 | 韩旭 | Heat-preserving and insulating and muffling system structure of steel mesh fiber spraying hanging panel |
| CN101967608A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2011-02-09 | 上海大学 | Nitrogen-containing corrosion-resistance plastic die steel and preparation process thereof |
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