CN103330094B - 一种丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料,属于水产养殖技术领域,其组分和重量百分比为:国产鱼粉16~24%,玉米蛋白粉5~7%,豆粕16~20%,棉籽粕8~10%,菜籽粕13~15%,麦麸2.29~5.23%,高筋面粉12~14%,啤酒酵母6~8%,鱼油,0.3~1.54%,豆油4.7~5%,大豆卵磷脂0.5~1%,磷酸二氢钙0.8~1.5%,维生素C磷酸酯0.05~0.1%,牛磺酸0.05~0.1%,氯化胆碱0.2~0.3%,食盐0.2~0.4%,乙氧基喹啉0.01~0.03%,矿物质预混料0.5~1.0%,维生素预混料0.3~0.8%。本发明充分考虑了丝尾鳠幼鱼的生活习性、营养需要和消化特点,选用丝尾鳠易消化吸收的常规饲料原料进行合理配伍;饲料适口性好;饲料利用率高,对水体污染小;原料来源稳定、价格低廉,适用于丝尾鳠幼鱼大规模饲养。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种配合饲料,特别是涉及一种丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料,属于水产养殖技术领域。
背景技术
丝尾鳠(Hemibagrus wyckioides)隶属于鲇形目、鲿科、鳠属,别名长胡子鱼,是澜沧江–湄公河流域的名贵经济鱼类。丝尾鳠具有生长快、个体大(最大可达80kg)、适应性广、抗病力强、耐低氧等优点,且其肉质洁白细嫩、味道鲜美、无肌间刺,可制作生鱼片,养殖经济效益远高于其他淡水鱼类,深受养殖者和消费者青睐。丝尾鳠是以动物性为主的杂食性鱼类,天然条件下,幼鱼以浮游生物为食,成鱼则以幼虫、小鱼、水生昆虫、水蚯蚓和有机碎屑等为食。
目前,有关丝尾鳠幼鱼营养需求和饲料的研究甚少,尚无专用配合饲料,其人工养殖以直接投喂淡水白鲳等鲜杂鱼为主或选用其他鱼类饲料替代,这些饲料从一定程度上解决了丝尾鳠的饲料问题,但是,从根本上说并不符合丝尾鳠的营养需求,不能实现最佳的饲养,同时还浪费了有限的渔业资源,加速了养殖水环境的污染,使病害滋生、药品滥用,危害人类食品安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的是弥补现有技术的上述不足,提供一种丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料,充分考虑了丝尾鳠幼鱼的生活***,选用丝尾鳠易消化吸收的常规饲料原料进行合理配伍,满足丝尾鳠幼鱼(2~10cm)人工养殖条件下的营养需要;饲料适口性好;饲料利用率高,对水体污染小;该配合饲料所用的原料来源稳定、价格低廉,适用于丝尾鳠幼鱼大规模饲养。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案:一种丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料包括国产鱼粉、玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、麦麸、高筋面粉、啤酒酵母、鱼油、豆油、大豆卵磷脂、磷酸二氢钙、维生素C磷酸酯、牛磺酸、氯化胆碱、食盐、乙氧基喹啉、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料,其中各种原料的重量百分比为:国产鱼粉,16~24%;玉米蛋白粉,5~7%;豆粕,16~20%;棉籽粕,8~10%;菜籽粕,13~15%;麦麸,2.29~5.23%;高筋面粉,12~14%;啤酒酵母,6~8%;鱼油,0.3~1.54%;豆油,4.7~5%;大豆卵磷脂,0.5~1%;磷酸二氢钙,0.8~1.5%;维生素C磷酸酯,0.05~0.1%;牛磺酸,0.05~0.1%;氯化胆碱,0.2~0.3%;食盐,0.2~0.4%;乙氧基喹啉,0.01~0.03%;矿物质预混料,0.5~1.0%;维生素预混料,0.3~0.8%;所有原料的重量百分比之和为100%。
所述的大豆卵磷脂、磷酸二氢钙、维生素C磷酸酯、牛磺酸、氯化胆碱、食盐、乙氧基喹啉、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料按照常规饲料比例添加。
本发明的有益效果:本发明充分考虑了丝尾鳠幼鱼的生活***,选用丝尾鳠易消化吸收的常规饲料原料进行合理配伍,满足丝尾鳠幼鱼(2~10cm)人工养殖条件下的营养需要;饲料适口性好;饲料利用率高,对水体污染小;该配合饲料所用的原料来源稳定、价格低廉,适用于丝尾鳠幼鱼大规模饲养。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明做进一步详细说明,以方便技术人员理解。但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
1、丝尾鳠幼鱼对粗蛋白的需求量:
以鱼粉、酪蛋白和明胶为饲料蛋白源,鱼油、豆油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源,糊精为糖源,按照常规饲料配比方案,配制6种不同粗蛋白水平(24%、29%、34%、39%、44%、49%)的试验饲料。所有饲料原料经过粉碎、混合、制粒加工成粒径1.0mm的硬颗粒。选择当年同批大小均匀(约1.9g)、体格健壮的丝尾鳠鱼苗,随机分配于18个养殖桶(6个试验处理组,每组3个重复),每桶30尾鱼。每天早晚投饵2次(07:00,18:30),达饱食水平。养殖用水为曝气除氯的自来水,水温始终保持在26±1℃。经过10周的饲养,试验数据见表1。
表1:不同粗蛋白水平对丝尾鳠幼鱼生长性能的影响(平均值±标准误)
注:同列肩注不同字母者,差异显著(P<0.05)。
由表1可知:在饲料粗蛋白水平24~49%的范围内,丝尾鳠幼鱼的特定生长率随着饲料粗蛋白水平的提高而提高,当饲料粗蛋白水平达到44%后,其特定生长率基本维持不变。以鱼类特定生长率作为纵坐标,饲料粗蛋白水平作为横坐标作图,用折线模型进行回归分析,求得丝尾鳠幼鱼最适粗蛋白需要量为44.1%(95%置信区间,40.6~47.7%)。
2、不同粗蛋白和粗脂肪水平对丝尾鳠幼鱼生长性能的影响:
以鱼粉、浓缩鱼蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白为饲料蛋白源,鱼油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源,高筋面粉和糊精为糖源,设置3个粗蛋白水平(37%、43%、49%)和3个粗脂肪水平(6%、10%、14%),按照常规饲料配比方案,配制9种不同氮能比的试验饲料(如表2所示)。
表2:不同粗蛋白和粗脂肪水平的丝尾鳠幼鱼饲料配方
注:矿物质预混料(g/kg):MgSO4·7H2O,180;KI,1;FeSO4·H2O,260;ZnSO4·H2O,180;CuSO4·5H2O,25;Na2Se2O3,0.01;MnSO4·H2O,180;CoCl2·6H2O,0.75;维生素预混料(g/kg):维生素A,2;维生素D3,0.03;维生素E,30;维生素K,3;盐酸硫胺,8;核黄素,11;盐酸吡哆醇,8;维生素B12,0.02;抗坏血酸,50;叶酸,1;生物素,0.1;烟酸,30;泛酸钙,32;肌醇,25。
所有饲料原料经过粉碎机粉碎,且全部过80目筛,将所有粉碎好的饲料原料按表2饲料配方将除鱼油和大豆卵磷脂外的其他原料混合均匀,然后将大豆卵磷脂先溶于鱼油中,再与其他配料混合均匀,最后再加入大约30%蒸馏水使粉状饲料形成硬团,置于颗粒饲料机中将饲料挤压成直径1.0mm的条状,并在40℃鼓风烘箱中干燥12小时,使其水分含量降至8%左右。
经检测,各饲料配方的营养成分如表3所示。
试验用丝尾鳠为当年人工培育的同一批苗种,由本地某养殖场提供。试验前,丝尾鳠先用商业饲料暂养2周以适应养殖环境。试验开始前丝尾鳠禁食24h。选择大小均匀(约15g)、体格健壮的丝尾鳠鱼苗,随机分配于27个养殖桶(9个试验处理组,每组3个重复),每桶26尾鱼。每天早晚投饵2次(07:00,18:30),达饱食水平。养殖用水为曝气除氯的自来水。试验共进行10周,整个养殖试验期间均采用24h连续充氧,自然光照,水温始终保持在26±1℃。
表3:丝尾鳠幼鱼饲料营养成分
养殖试验结束后,停止喂食24h,称量每桶鱼体总重并记录鱼体个数,计算丝尾鳠生长率。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),当处理组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)时,用Tukey’s检验进行多重比较分析。
表4给出了丝尾鳠幼鱼生长性能试验结果。
表4:不同粗蛋白和粗脂肪水平对丝尾鳠生长性能的影响(平均值±标准误)
注:同列肩注不同字母者,差异显著(P<0.05)。
由表4可知:饲料中粗蛋白/粗脂肪水平为37/10、37/14、43/10、43/14、49/6、49/10和49/14组丝尾鳠特定生长率无显著性差异,但明显高于37/6和43/6组。由此可见:当丝尾鳠幼鱼饲料中粗脂肪含量为10%时,粗蛋白需要量可降至37%。
综上所述,丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料的适宜粗蛋白水平为37~40.6%,粗脂肪水平为10%。
3、根据上述丝尾鳠幼鱼营养需要的研究结果,并结合实际生产需求,配制了如下丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料。
实施例1
称取国产鱼粉16kg、玉米蛋白粉7kg、豆粕20kg、棉籽粕10kg、菜籽粕15kg、麦麸2.29kg、高筋面粉12kg、啤酒酵母8kg、鱼油1.54kg、豆油4.7kg、大豆卵磷脂1kg、磷酸二氢钙1kg、维生素C磷酸酯0.05kg、牛磺酸0.1kg、氯化胆碱0.3kg、食盐0.2kg、乙氧基喹啉0.02kg、矿物质预混料0.5kg、维生素预混料0.3kg。
实施例2
称取国产鱼粉20kg、玉米蛋白粉6kg、豆粕18kg、棉籽粕9kg、菜籽粕14kg、麦麸3.81kg、高筋面粉13kg、啤酒酵母7kg、鱼油0.92kg、豆油4.8kg、大豆卵磷脂1kg、磷酸二氢钙1kg、维生素C磷酸酯0.05kg、牛磺酸0.1kg、氯化胆碱0.3kg、食盐0.2kg、乙氧基喹啉0.02kg、矿物质预混料0.5kg、维生素预混料0.3kg。
实施例3
称取国产鱼粉24kg、玉米蛋白粉5kg、豆粕16kg、棉籽粕8kg、菜籽粕13kg、麦麸5.23kg、高筋面粉14kg、啤酒酵母6kg、鱼油0.3kg、豆油5kg、大豆卵磷脂1kg、磷酸二氢钙1kg、维生素C磷酸酯0.05kg、牛磺酸0.1kg、氯化胆碱0.3kg、食盐0.2kg、乙氧基喹啉0.02kg、矿物质预混料0.5kg、维生素预混料0.3kg。
上述实施例1~3配合饲料的原料除鱼油和豆油外均预先粉碎过80目筛,然后全部原料经双轴桨叶式混合机混合均匀;再进入调质器调质、双螺杆挤压机制粒(根据鱼体大小调节饲料粒径),烘干、冷却,即得本发明的丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料。
2012年6月在水产养殖学实验室进行了为期10周的丝尾鳠幼鱼(平均2.0g)养殖试验。采用上述实施例1~3配合饲料饲养丝尾鳠幼鱼,养殖效果如表5所示。
表5:实施例丝尾鳠幼鱼生长性能结果
注:同行肩注不同字母者,差异显著(P<0.05)。
以上试验结果表明:本发明充分考虑了丝尾鳠幼鱼的生活***,选用丝尾鳠易消化吸收的常规饲料原料进行合理配伍,满足丝尾鳠幼鱼(2~10cm)人工养殖条件下的营养需要;饲料适口性好;饲料利用率高,对水体污染小;该配合饲料所用的原料来源稳定、价格低廉,适用于丝尾鳠幼鱼大规模饲养。
本发明通过实施例进行说明的内容,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,还可以对本发明专利进行各种变换及等同代替,因此,本发明专利不局限于所公开的具体实施过程,而应当包括落入本发明专利权利要求范围内的全部实施方案。
Claims (1)
1.一种丝尾鳠幼鱼配合饲料,其特征在于,所述配合饲料包括国产鱼粉、玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、麦麸、高筋面粉、啤酒酵母、鱼油、豆油、大豆卵磷脂、磷酸二氢钙、维生素C磷酸酯、牛磺酸、氯化胆碱、食盐、乙氧基喹啉、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料,其中各种原料的重量百分比为:国产鱼粉,16~24%;玉米蛋白粉,5~7%;豆粕,16~20%;棉籽粕,8~10%;菜籽粕,13~15%;麦麸,2.29~5.23%;高筋面粉,12~14%;啤酒酵母,6~8%;鱼油,0.3~1.54%;豆油,4.7~5%;大豆卵磷脂,0.5~1%;磷酸二氢钙,0.8~1.5%;维生素C磷酸酯,0.05~0.1%;牛磺酸,0.05~0.1%;氯化胆碱,0.2~0.3%;食盐,0.2~0.4%;乙氧基喹啉,0.01~0.03%;矿物质预混料,0.5~1.0%;维生素预混料,0.3~0.8%;所有原料的重量百分比之和为100%。
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