CN103321760B - 用于运行往复活塞内燃机的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行往复活塞内燃机的方法 Download PDF

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CN103321760B
CN103321760B CN201310089825.0A CN201310089825A CN103321760B CN 103321760 B CN103321760 B CN 103321760B CN 201310089825 A CN201310089825 A CN 201310089825A CN 103321760 B CN103321760 B CN 103321760B
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G.多姆贝格尔
P.亨申
I.维尔克
S.孔克尔
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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Abstract

用于运行一种往复活塞内燃机(1)的方法,所述往复活塞内燃机具有至少一个燃烧汽缸(10),在所述燃烧汽缸中容纳能够直线地在上止点(OT)和下止点(UT)之间运动的往复活塞(20),其中,所述方法具有:将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸的燃烧室(13)中,用以通过所述燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞的做功冲程,并且将附加流体(ZF)引入到燃烧室中,用以利用所述附加流体来影响所述燃烧。为了实现燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中的最佳的燃烧,将所述附加流体与燃料和助燃空气分开地直接地喷入到燃烧室中。

Description

用于运行往复活塞内燃机的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行往复活塞内燃机的方法,该往复活塞内燃机具有至少一个燃烧汽缸,在该燃烧汽缸中容纳着能够直线地在上止点和下止点之间运动的往复活塞。其中,所述方法具有:将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中,用以通过所述燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞的做功冲程,并且将附加流体引入到燃烧室中,用以利用所述附加流体来影响所述燃烧。
背景技术
开头所述类型的方法例如从DE 10 2006 054 227 A1中公开。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提出一种用于运行往复活塞内燃机的方法,从而能够实现在燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中的优化的燃烧。该往复活塞内燃机具有至少一个燃烧汽缸,在该燃烧汽缸中容纳着能够直线地在上止点和下止点之间运动的往复活塞,其中,所述方法具有:将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中,用以通过所述燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞的做功冲程,并且将附加流体引入到燃烧室中,用以利用所述附加流体来影响所述燃烧。
该任务利用根据本发明的方法来实现。本发明的改进方案在优选实施例中限定。根据本发明,提出了一种用于运行一种往复活塞内燃机的方法,所述往复活塞内燃机具有至少一个燃烧汽缸,在所述燃烧汽缸中容纳能够直线地在上止点和下止点之间运动的往复活塞,其中,所述方法具有:将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中,用以通过所述燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞的做功冲程,并且将附加流体引入到燃烧室中,用以利用所述附加流体来影响所述燃烧,其特征在于,将所述附加流体与燃料和助燃空气分开地直接地喷入到燃烧室中,其中,当往复活塞位于下止点附近时,将附加流体喷入到燃烧室中。
根据本发明,提出一种用于运行往复活塞内燃机的方法,该往复活塞内燃机具有至少一个燃烧汽缸,在该燃烧汽缸中容纳着能够直线地在上止点和下止点之间运动的往复活塞,其中,该方法具有以下步骤:将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中,用以通过所述燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞的做功冲程;并且将优选不同于燃料和助燃空气的附加流体引入到燃烧室中,用以利用该附加流体来影响所述燃烧。根据本发明的方法的特点在于,将附加流体与燃料和助燃空气分开地直接地喷入到燃烧室中。
由于该附加流体与燃料和助燃空气分开地被直接地喷入到燃烧室中,其置入到燃烧室中的过程可以独立于燃烧过程和/或由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物的点火时间点地进行控制,且因此最佳地与需实现的对燃烧的影响进行匹配。
利用根据本发明的方法可以在由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物燃烧之前、期间和/或之后将附加流体直接地注入到或者喷入到燃烧室中。由此可实现灵活地影响在所述燃烧汽缸的燃烧室中的燃烧,并且因此可以使得燃烧实现更好的优化。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,当往复活塞位于下止点(UT)附近时,将附加流体喷入到燃烧室中。优选当往复活塞位于下止点中时,将附加流体喷入到燃烧室中。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,选择直接设置在一上止点(OT)之前的下止点来作为用于将附加流体喷入到燃烧室中的下止点,其中,所述上止点直接设置在往复活塞的做功冲程之前,也就是说,选择直接设置在位于往复活塞的压缩冲程和做功冲程之间的点火上止点(ZOT)之前的下止点。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,将水作为附加流体喷入到燃烧室中。
利用这种水直接注入(Water Direct Injection-WDI)可以减小所述往复活塞内燃机的有害物质排放,并且实现功率升高和爆震最小化。在所述点火上止点之前的下止点中在注入或者喷入以水为形式的附加流体的情况下,通过压缩后的水的蒸发冷却可以提高所述燃烧的效率。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,将不易点燃的气体作为燃料引入到燃烧室中,其中,将易点燃的气体作为附加流体喷入到燃烧室中。
根据按照本发明的方法的这种设计方案,通过附加喷入可燃性较好的或者说易点燃的或者说易燃烧的气体,可以优化可燃性差的或者说不易点燃的气体的燃烧。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,将附加流体如下喷入到燃烧室中,使得其与进入到燃烧室中的、用于点燃由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物的点火油射束或预燃明火相重叠。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种设计方案,附加流体的注入或者喷入可以例如通过局部加浓由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物来支持或者说提高所述混合物的可燃性。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,将附加流体有针对性地喷入到燃烧室的至少一个挤压区(Quetschzone)中。
(例如在往复活塞的活塞体处的)挤压区或者挤压边缘用于例如使由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物在燃烧室中起漩涡。挤压区是这样一种区域,在该区域中由于往复活塞靠近燃烧汽缸的汽缸盖,就会出现所述混合物的挤压,由此可以使该区域部分地或完全地排除燃烧。
有针对性地将附加流体注入到一定的燃烧室、比如优选挤压区中,通过增大所述有效的燃烧室就实现了更好的转换率,并且因此实现了燃烧或者往复活塞内燃机的更好的效率,以及产生了燃烧室中的额外的载荷运动,且因此减少了作为废气而产生的碳氢化合物。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,将不易点燃的气体作为附加流体在由燃料(优选高品质的且易点燃的燃料)和助燃空气所形成的混合物的点燃期间喷入到燃烧室中。
因此,根据按照本发明的方法的这种设计方案,可以有针对性地注入或者喷入低品质的燃料,这可以有助于减小往复活塞内燃机的运行成本。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,选择直接设置在一上止点之后的下止点作为用于将附加流体喷入到燃烧室中的下止点,其中,该上止点直接设置在往复活塞的做功冲程之前,也就是说,选择直接设置在点火上止点之后的下止点。在此,优选将废气后处理剂、优选氨气作为附加流体喷入到燃烧室中。
根据按照本发明的方法的该设计方案,可以取消SCR(选择性的催化还原-Selektive Katalytische Reduktion)-催化剂,其可以用于还原所述往复活塞内燃机的废气中的氮氧化物,和/或取消SCR-催化剂之前的混合段。这对于借助于附加剂的废气后处理的其他形式也有效。
本发明也明确地延伸到这样一种实施方式,其不通过由明显的权利要求引用关系形成的特征组合给出,因此本发明的公开的特征可以任意地相互组合,只要其在技术上是有益的即可。
附图说明
下面借助于优选的实施方式并且参考附图来详细地描述本发明。
图1 示出了往复活塞内燃机的燃烧汽缸的纵截面视图;
图2 示出了沿着图1中的直线A-A观察的图1的燃烧汽缸的横截面视图。
附图标记列表:
1 往复活塞内燃机;
10 燃烧汽缸;
11 汽缸盖;
12 燃料-助燃空气-供应装置;
13 燃烧室;
13.1 挤压区;
14 附加流体供送装置;
20 往复活塞;
20.1 位于上止点中的往复活塞;
20.2 位于下止点中的往复活塞;
ZF 附加流体;
OT 上止点;
UT 下止点。
具体实施方式
正如从图1和图2中可见的那样,根据本发明的往复活塞内燃机1(未完全示出)例如可以设计成以2-冲程过程或以4-冲程过程工作的柴油发动机或汽油发动机,其具有至少一个燃烧汽缸10,在该燃烧汽缸中容纳可直线地在上止点OT(额外地以20.1标记的往复活塞)和下止点UT(以20.2标记的往复活塞)之间运动的往复活塞20。
该燃烧汽缸10具有汽缸盖11,在该汽缸盖中容纳燃料-助燃空气-供应装置12,通过该燃料-助燃空气-供应装置能够将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸10的燃烧室13中。
该燃料-助燃空气-供应装置12可以例如具有一燃料喷嘴和一个或多个空气入口阀。
此外,在燃烧汽缸10的汽缸盖11中还容纳着一种附加流体供送装置14,通过该附加流体供送装置能够将附加流体ZF与燃料和助燃空气分开地引入到燃烧汽缸10的燃烧室13中。
附加流体供送装置14可以例如具有喷嘴,并且为了改装常见的往复活塞内燃机,可以例如布置在为出口阀所设置的、汽缸盖11的开口或通道中。
下面参照附图1和2来描述根据本发明的用于运行所述往复活塞内燃机1的方法的实施方式。
根据本发明,用于运行所述往复活塞内燃机1的方法至少具有下列步骤:借助于燃料-助燃空气-供应装置12将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸10的燃烧室13中,用以通过燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞20的做功冲程,以及借助于附加流体供送装置14将优选不同于燃料和助燃空气的附加流体ZF引入到燃烧室13中,用以利用该附加流体ZF来影响所述燃烧,其中,将附加流体ZF与燃料和助燃空气分开地直接地喷入到燃烧室13中。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种实施方式,当往复活塞20位于下止点UT附近时,将附加流体ZF喷入到燃烧室13中。优选的是,当往复活塞20(20.2)位于下止点UT中时,将附加流体ZF喷入到燃烧室13中。
根据按照本发明的方法的另一种实施方式,选择直接位于在往复活塞20的压缩冲程和做功冲程之间的点火OT(OT-往复活塞20的上止点)之前的下止点UT,来作为向燃烧室13中喷入所述附加流体ZF的下止点UT。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种实施方式,在直接位于往复活塞20的点火OT之前的下止点UT中(或在该下止点附近)将水作为附加流体ZF喷入到燃烧室13中。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种可替换的实施方式,将不易点燃的气体作为燃料引入到燃烧室13中,其中,例如在直接位于往复活塞20的点火OT之前的下止点UT中(或在该下止点附近)将能够易点燃的气体作为附加流体ZF喷入到燃烧室13中。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种实施方式,将附加流体ZF如此喷入到燃烧室13中,使得其与进入到燃烧室13中的、用于点燃由燃料和助燃空气形成的混合物的点火油射束或预燃明火(未示出)相重叠。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种实施方式,将附加流体ZF有针对性地喷入到燃烧室13的至少一个挤压区13.1中。
根据按照本发明的方法的一种可替换的实施方式,将不易点燃的气体作为附加流体ZF在由燃料(优选高品质的且易燃的燃料)和助燃空气所形成的混合物的点燃期间喷入到燃烧室13中。
根据按照本发明的方法的另一种可替换的实施方式,选择直接位于在点火OT之后的下止点UT作为用来向燃烧室13中喷入附加流体ZF的下止点UT,其中,优选将废气后处理剂、例如优选氨气作为附加流体ZF喷入到燃烧室13中。根据本发明也可以考虑其他的废气后处理剂。

Claims (10)

1.用于运行一种往复活塞内燃机(1)的方法,所述往复活塞内燃机具有至少一个燃烧汽缸(10),在所述燃烧汽缸中容纳能够直线地在上止点(OT)和下止点(UT)之间运动的往复活塞(20),其中,所述方法具有:
将燃料和助燃空气引入到燃烧汽缸(10)的燃烧室(13)中,用以通过所述燃料和助燃空气的燃烧来实现往复活塞(20)的做功冲程,并且
将附加流体(ZF)引入到燃烧室(13)中,用以利用所述附加流体(ZF)来影响所述燃烧,
其特征在于,将所述附加流体(ZF)与燃料和助燃空气分开地直接地喷入到燃烧室(13)中,其中,当往复活塞(20)位于下止点(UT)附近时,将附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,当往复活塞(20)位于下止点(UT)中时,将附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,选择直接位于一上止点(OT)之前的下止点(UT)作为用于将附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中的下止点(UT),其中,所述上止点直接位于往复活塞(20)的做功冲程之前。
4.按权利要求3所述的方法,其中,将水作为附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中。
5.按权利要求3所述的方法,其中,将不易点燃的气体作为燃料引入到燃烧室(13)中,并且将易点燃的气体作为附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,将所述附加流体(ZF)如此喷入到燃烧室(13)中,使得所述附加流体与进入到燃烧室(13)中的用于点燃由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物而设置的点火油射束或预燃明火相重叠。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,将所述附加流体(ZF)有针对性地喷入到燃烧室(13)的至少一个挤压区(13.1)中。
8.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将不易点燃的气体作为附加流体(ZF)在点燃由燃料和助燃空气所形成的混合物期间喷入到燃烧室(13)中。
9.按权利要求1所述的方法,其中,选择直接设置在一上止点(OT)之后的下止点(UT)作为用于将附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中的下止点(UT),其中,所述上止点直接位于往复活塞(20)的做功冲程之前,并且其中将废气后处理剂作为附加流体(ZF)喷入到燃烧室(13)中。
10.按权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述废气后处理剂为氨气。
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