CN103321417A - Method for constructing earth-rock fences on high-altitude grasslands of Tibet - Google Patents
Method for constructing earth-rock fences on high-altitude grasslands of Tibet Download PDFInfo
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- CN103321417A CN103321417A CN2013102513549A CN201310251354A CN103321417A CN 103321417 A CN103321417 A CN 103321417A CN 2013102513549 A CN2013102513549 A CN 2013102513549A CN 201310251354 A CN201310251354 A CN 201310251354A CN 103321417 A CN103321417 A CN 103321417A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing earth-rock fences on high-altitude grasslands of Tibet. The method includes the following steps of (1), the choice of fenced land; (2), fence design; (3), fence construction; (4), fence gate construction according to the actual conditions; (5), regular fence checking and timely maintenance for loose or damaged portions. According to the method for constructing the earth-rock fences on the high-altitude grasslands of Tibet, the earth and rock combination fencing method which is low in cost, firm and durable is used for forming barriers to restrain livestock grazing to further achieve the purpose of closing grassland to facilitate grass breeding. Moreover, the method for constructing the earth-rock fences on the high-altitude grasslands of Tibet adjusts measures to local conditions, uses local materials, has good effects, and can improve the forage grass production yield of natural grasslands per unit area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the herding field, particularly, relate to a kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities.
Background technology
Grassland, Qinghai-Tibet Platean area accounts for 33.2% of the whole nation, is the grassland agriculture production base of China's maximum, and its wide area, abundant water resource, the important effects such as the ecological protective screen have very important status in China's terrestrial ecosystems.The Alpine Grasslands of Qinghai-Tibet Platean because the particularity of its residing geographical position and topography and geomorphology has very abundant grassland resources and strong national characters, this zone aspect the ecology in the whole nation, economy, the social development all tool be of great significance.Along with society and expanding economy, the environment on high height above sea level meadow, Qinghai-Tibet Platean is just experiencing complicated and significant the variation, the grassland problem is more and more outstanding, low, the malicious weeds aggravation of ecological deterioration, overgraze, productivity, utilizes the problem such as unreasonable, grass poultry aggravation of contradictions very severe.Especially in the area of height above sea level more than 4200 meters, because the factors such as the grassland is high and cold, arid, herbage is short, vegetation sparse, productivity is very low, the cold season grassland because of yield poorly, the narrow and small serious overload of area, grass poultry contradiction is very sharp-pointed, it is one of Main Bottleneck that causes the grassland agriculture development of Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities that Winter Forage lacks.Therefore, carry out fence, setting up the natural meadow that cradles is to solve the main method that lack grass winter.Yet, because special weather and the geographical environmental condition in high altitude localities, most high altitude localities more than 4200m are carried out the iron fences and are sealed and educate not only the high but also welding of cost, and chain link fence can't be realized in especially thin at some soil horizons, as not have road high height above sea level grassland at all.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome existing defective, a kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities is provided, the method is used the method for pasturing area in Tibet traditional economy, gather materials on the spot, build into wall with turf, stone and soil block, reach envelope and educate the purpose on meadow, its structural performance is good, welding not, arrange flexibly, durable is applicable to the high altitude localities that the iron fence can't be carried out in the Qinghai-Tibet Platean, this invention is of many uses, has the meadow of cradling, seals, the multiple use such as rotation grazing and captive livestock.Can alleviate the problem of the forage grass imbalances between supply and demand such as prosthetic meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities, winter domestic animal supplementary feeding difficulty, the weary death of livestock spring.
The present invention adopts a kind of method of cheap, robust native stone combination to carry out fence, hinders livestock as barrier and herds, and educates purpose to reach envelope, and the invention of this fence is the traditional lifestyles of having mixed local herdsman.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities comprises the steps:
(1) selection in fence plot: select the comparatively smooth open location of physical features, soil layer is deeper fertile, the meadow that edibility herbage is relatively many, natural meadow output is higher, simultaneously, be chosen in apart from herdsman's point, nearer place, campsite, Winter-Spring, so that the transportation of forage grass and management;
(2) design of fence: according to the situation in selected plot, the height that fence is set is 110cm-200cm; The fence width is 50cm-80cm, and area is 0.1 hm
2-3hm
2, length is with area change;
(3) setting of fence:
At first, wanting to build bidding stake on the circuit of fence plot, from initial stake, establish a stake every 30-50m, until finish completely, make between each stake to be in line as far as possible; Need to respectively establish a stake at the two ends of wanting to build fence plot circuit for the fluctuating location, fix the orientation; Middle hillock or the lowland of meeting will be set up stake according to the complexity of landform at hillock or lowland, requires the observer can see simultaneously three stakes, makes each stake as far as possible linearly;
Secondly, carrying out circuit and ground processes, to remove mound, stone etc. to the operation circuit of wanting to build fence, according to the smooth ground of circuit, foundation position foreign material are cleaned out the leveling compacting according to the fence width, lay turf and rubble material on it, fill and be mainly gravel matter medium coarse sand and slabstone, fill mud and rubble between ratchel, the place that may make somebody a mere figurehead between the required stone will use turf, rubble and mud filling full; When building a wall, make the narrow base portion in thickness of wall body top wide, to guarantee deadweight and the stability of body of wall;
(4) according to actual conditions arrange fence the door, gate-width is 2m-8m;
(5) last, fence is wanted running check, on-call maintenance is wanted at discovery position loosening or that damage.
Particularly, when take the little poultry of blocking during as purpose, the height of the described fence of step (2) can reduce 20cm.
Particularly, the door of the described fence of step (4) is Simple wooden door or screen door, also can be the detachable provisional body of wall that more consistent turf and slabstone are built.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention suits measures to local conditions, gathers materials on the spot, and adopts native stone and turf block to build into wall and carries out sealing of natural meadow, and cost is low, and is effective, can improve the forage yield of natural meadow on the unit area.At present, wire fence at home and abroad uses a lot, but the above Alpine Grasslands of Qinghai-Tibet height above sea level 4200m because soil layer is thin, has inconvenient traffic, and netting fence can't be applied in this area.This invention is gathered materials on the spot, the native stone walling fence that utilizes local turf, soil and stone to build up meets local society and natural present situation, also play an important role for conserving water and soil, improve soil and keeping ecological balance, and can utilize grassland resources, increase fodder grass, alleviate the contradiction of Winter-Spring fodder grass deficiency, developing ecology animal husbandry, the strategy of sustainable development that meets the Qinghai-Tibet Platean, really play the effect that ecological benefits, economic benefit and social benefit are taken into account, filled up to a certain extent the blank that high height above sea level zone, Tibet fence technology lacks.In addition, the present invention is cheap, adopts the method for robust native stone combination to carry out fence, hinders livestock as barrier and herds, and has reached envelope and has educated purpose, meets very much local herdsman's traditional lifestyles.
The purpose that the fence envelope is educated is for the rejuvenation grassland, increases meadow fodder grass output, improves the ecological environment.Carry out native stone by the natural grasslands to Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities and seal and educate, First Year can significantly improve the meadow ground biomass, and the vegetal cover degree also obviously increases.Group's total cover-degree First Year of enclosed pasture exceeds grazing ground 15% ~ 40%, the increasing degree of group's height is 35% ~ 85%, after sealing, marked change has occured in the dominance of the high height above sea level natural meadow plant species in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, the dominance of good forage begins to improve gradually, and the dominance of malicious weeds obviously reduces.By the group of fenced grassland by miscellany grass such as the short type of crawling and rosette plants to comparatively tall and big high careless group and the dogstail succession of community.Deteriorate grassland begins constantly to improve and recover, and species diversity, grass group height and grassland vegetation coverage significantly improve.Simultaneously, Grassland Biomass obviously increases, and fenced grassland ground biomass dry weight is 350g/m
2, grazing ground ground biomass dry weight is 108g/m
2, fenced grassland has improved more than 3 times than the grazing ground hay yield.By the use of this invention, each fence point green hay has increased more than 2 times before than fence, and the grassland begins to become sociales with the good forage that native stone walling seals in the rear Steppe Plants, has effectively improved local environment.In addition, the increase of forage yield effectively alleviated should the zone grass poultry contradiction, strengthened the ability of withstanding natural calamities, effectively raise herdsman's income.This invention cost of production is low, and instant effect is simple, profitable, does not destroy the natural meadow vegetation, and the forage grass Winter-Spring Direct-fed livestock of production can effectively reduce transit link and waste.Under the special ambient conditions in high altitude localities, Tibet the production of degraded natural grassland recovery improvement and fodder grass is extremely important, easily implements and apply, its ecological benefits, economic benefit and social benefit are very remarkable.
The specific embodiment
A kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities comprises the steps:
(1) programming and distribution.According to sealing regional on-site natural economy characteristics, grassland types, Principles of Rational Use etc., the regional planning of native stone is comprehensively carried out in Uniting, unified planning.Should take behind the first emphasis generally during enforcement, seal the mode that construction combines with medium-term and long-term in the recent period.Fence ground scale should be looked local kind, the quantity of edaphic condition, grassland vegetation upgrowth situation, Productivity, farmers' life situation and institute stock raising and be decided.
(2) selection in fence plot.Because the special geographical environmental condition in Tibet, be chosen in and where set up native stone ground and just seem especially important.Can not arbitrarily be selected in the bad meadow of natural vegetation growth and come fence, can not be chosen in have inconvenient traffic, the location of management and use difficulty.Fence ground should be based upon the comparatively smooth open location of physical features, soil layer is deeper fertile, the location that edibility herbage is relatively many, natural meadow output is higher, simultaneously, be chosen in apart from herdsman's point, nearer place, campsite, Winter-Spring, so that the transportation of forage grass and management.
(3) design of fence.The shape of enclosed pasture is according to the orographic condition decision in fence zone.Physical features is smooth, take rectangle as main, is convenient to do mechanization operation and regional rotation grazing, the mountain region that the gradient is slow, and tailo and Schattenseite are fenced together, in order to rationally utilize range land, make the tailo Schattenseite alternately utilize, complement each other.The plot flexible design that the Foundations of soil stone is selected, the height of fence should be 110cm～200cm generally speaking, can reduce 20cm take the little poultry of blocking as the fence height of purpose, decides on concrete animal as the fence height of purpose take the wild animal of blocking.The fence width is generally 50cm～80cm, and length is decided according to fence area and topographic features, and area is from 0.1 hm
2To 3hm
2Not etc.
(4) fence technical requirements.At first, wanting to build the route marking stake of fence plot, from initial stake, establish a stake every 30-50m, until finish completely, make between each stake to be in line as far as possible.Need to respectively establishing a stake at the two ends of wanting to build fence plot circuit, fix the orientation for the fluctuating location; Middle hillock or the lowland of meeting will be set up stake according to the complexity of landform at hillock or lowland, requires the observer can see simultaneously three stakes, makes each stake claim straight line as far as possible.Secondly, carrying out circuit and ground processes, to remove mound, stone etc. to the operation circuit of wanting to build fence, want smooth ground according to circuit, according to the fence width foundation position foreign material are cleaned out, the leveling compacting, lay turf and rubble material on it, fill again medium coarse sand and slabstone, fill mud and rubble between ratchel, the place that may make somebody a mere figurehead between the stone will use turf, rubble and mud filling full, notices when building a wall that thickness of wall body is up-narrow and down-wide, want narrower when higher, in order to satisfy deadweight and the stability of body of wall.
In addition, because the final formation of fence is enclosed construction, so fence makes things convenient for the transportation of fence fodder grass, to in advance fence gate be stayed, the available Simple wooden door of door, also available screen door, the interim body of wall of perhaps just building with more consistent turf and slabstone, dismantle when advancing fence, block when going out fence, fence gate-width 2m～8m decides according to animal power size and the vehicle condition of turnover fence again, the door pillar of timber and screen door will be reinforced with support bar, and door pillar and force column are fixed.At last, fence is wanted running check, on-call maintenance is wanted at discovery position loosening or that damage.
The high height above sea level natural meadow in Qinghai-Tibet Platean seals not only as domestic animal provides Winter-Spring forage grass, but also is often bearing the pressure of late fall, winter, spring three seasons overgraze, has very important status in the sustainable use of combatting of natural disaster and protection of livestock and grassland resources.Therefore, this invention is raiseeed contradiction and Grazing grassland pressure and is realized that the grassland resources sustainable use is significant improvement and rejuvenation degraded natural grassland, alleviation grass.This invention has the advantages such as successful, simple and easy to do, promotion prospect is wide aspect meadow recovery and the increase forage yield; can effectively increase herdsman's income; promote the benign cycle of Grassland ecosystems; be the protection meadow, prevent one of effective, the most most economical practical technique of degenerating; also be to improve grassland productivity, realize the permanent effective way of utilizing of grassland resources.The present invention suits measures to local conditions, economical and practical, be characterized in cheap, firm, durable, one-time investment is effective for many years, has to preserve the ecological environment and better anti-poultry effect.Can remedy winter-spring season natural meadow forage grass not enough, excavate to greatest extent Potential grassland productivity, be conducive to deteriorate grassland, rehabilitation and naturally renewal.Its significant ecological benefits, social benefit and ecological benefits will be brought into play sustainedly and stably, will play positive impetus to the meadow protection of Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities and the development of animal husbandry.
It should be noted that at last: the above only is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) selection in fence plot: select the comparatively smooth open location of physical features, soil layer is deeper fertile, the meadow that edibility herbage is relatively many, natural meadow output is higher, simultaneously, be chosen in apart from herdsman's point, nearer place, campsite, Winter-Spring, so that the transportation of forage grass and management;
(2) design of fence: according to the situation in selected plot, the height that fence is set is 110cm-200cm; The fence width is 50cm-80cm, and area is 0.1 hm
2-3hm
2, length is with area change;
(3) setting of fence:
At first, wanting to build bidding stake on the circuit of fence plot, from initial stake, establish a stake every 30-50m, until finish completely, make between each stake to be in line as far as possible; Need to respectively establish a stake at the two ends of wanting to build fence plot circuit for the fluctuating location, fix the orientation; Middle hillock or the lowland of meeting will be set up stake according to the complexity of landform at hillock or lowland, requires the observer can see simultaneously three stakes, makes each stake as far as possible linearly;
Secondly, carrying out circuit and ground processes, to remove mound, stone etc. to the operation circuit of wanting to build fence, according to the smooth ground of circuit, foundation position foreign material are cleaned out the leveling compacting according to the fence width, lay turf and rubble material on it, fill and be mainly gravel matter medium coarse sand and slabstone, fill mud and rubble between ratchel, the place that may make somebody a mere figurehead between the required stone will use turf, rubble and mud filling full; When building a wall, make the narrow base portion in thickness of wall body top wide, to guarantee deadweight and the stability of body of wall;
(4) according to actual conditions arrange fence the door, gate-width is 2m-8m;
(5) last, fence is wanted running check, on-call maintenance is wanted at discovery position loosening or that damage.
2. a kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when take the little poultry of blocking during as purpose, the height of the described fence of step (2) can reduce 20cm.
3. a kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the door of the described fence of step (4) is Simple wooden door or screen door, also can be the detachable provisional body of wall that more consistent turf and slabstone are built.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310251354.9A CN103321417B (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2013-06-24 | A kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310251354.9A CN103321417B (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2013-06-24 | A kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103321417A true CN103321417A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| CN103321417B CN103321417B (en) | 2015-10-21 |
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| CN201310251354.9A Expired - Fee Related CN103321417B (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2013-06-24 | A kind of method that native stone is set on meadow, Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110219503A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-10 | 江苏固耐特围栏***股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-stress damage structure of upright column of fence and upright fence post and fence system |
| CN113841565A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4515349A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-05-07 | B. & G. Consultants, Inc. | Integral vegetation barrier |
| KR100623047B1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2006-09-12 | (주)상지엔지니어링건축사사무소 | Fence structure for crime-prevention of apartment house |
| CN201097538Y (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2008-08-13 | 张玉红 | Farming enclosure |
| CN101302896A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2008-11-12 | 谭建 | Barrier wall and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102979302A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 吴太平 | Construction method for green grass storage pool of housing and sheep breeding |
-
2013
- 2013-06-24 CN CN201310251354.9A patent/CN103321417B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4515349A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-05-07 | B. & G. Consultants, Inc. | Integral vegetation barrier |
| KR100623047B1 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2006-09-12 | (주)상지엔지니어링건축사사무소 | Fence structure for crime-prevention of apartment house |
| CN101302896A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2008-11-12 | 谭建 | Barrier wall and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN201097538Y (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2008-08-13 | 张玉红 | Farming enclosure |
| CN102979302A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 吴太平 | Construction method for green grass storage pool of housing and sheep breeding |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110219503A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-10 | 江苏固耐特围栏***股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-stress damage structure of upright column of fence and upright fence post and fence system |
| CN113841565A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 中煤地质集团有限公司 | Construction method for soil covering and grass planting in alpine regions of plateau |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103321417B (en) | 2015-10-21 |
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Granted publication date: 20151021 Termination date: 20190624 |