CN103314213B - 弹簧元件和相应的用于输送流体的活塞泵 - Google Patents
弹簧元件和相应的用于输送流体的活塞泵 Download PDFInfo
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- F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
- F04B49/225—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves with throttling valves or valves varying the pump inlet opening or the outlet opening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
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- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4068—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system the additional fluid circuit comprising means for attenuating pressure pulsations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种弹簧元件(10)、特别是用于活塞泵的弹簧元件,其具有盘形的基体(11),在所述基体(11)中引入至少一个弹簧接片(16)。根据本发明,为了对流体流(8)进行节流,所述基体(11)包括至少一个动态的节流部位(14),其中,所述基体(11)在所述至少一个节流部位(14)的区域中被构造为弹性的,使得所述至少一个节流部位(14)的开口横截面能根据压力差可变化地进行调整。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种弹簧元件。此外,本发明涉及一种具有这种弹簧元件的用于输送流体的活塞泵。
背景技术
由现有技术已知多种实施方式的活塞泵。例如,在车辆制动***中常常使用带有多个泵元件的径向活塞泵来输送压力介质,在这些径向活塞泵中,可借助于偏心轮使至少一个活塞往复运动。典型地,所谓的泵元件由活塞、通常构造成缸的活塞工作面、进入阀和排出阀以及密封元件组成。这些阀用于在活塞的泵送运动时的流体控制。在此,进入阀用于使流体在压缩阶段期间不可回流到吸入腔中,排出阀防止流体从压力侧回流到泵内腔中。典型地,这些阀构造成弹簧加载的球阀,其中,用于排出阀的流出通道通过所谓的排出阀盖和泵缸形成,并且排出阀被安置在排出阀盖中。可选地,将恒定的节流装置集成到流出通道中。
在公开文献DE 102 29 201 A1中例如描述了一种用于调节在车辆液压制动***中的制动压力的活塞泵。所描述的活塞泵包括泵壳、可移动地支承在泵壳中的泵活塞、进入阀、排出阀和布置在进入阀和排出阀之间的压缩腔,该压缩腔在泵活塞的吸入行程时增大并且在泵活塞的压力行程时减小。在排出阀之后下游地设置压力腔和相对于背压腔限制压力腔的柔性的壁,其中,在压力腔中的压力加载该柔性的壁,并且该弹性的壁具有支承在弹性柔性的体中的弹簧弹性的膜片。该排出阀具有阀座、关闭体和关闭弹簧,该关闭弹簧将关闭体压靠到以固定在壳体处的方式设置的阀座上。该关闭弹簧以 板簧的方式实现并且在一个端部上支撑在关闭体上并且在另一端部上支撑在固定在壳体处的体上。在关闭弹簧中设置至少一个通过部,优选地如此大地设定该通过部的尺寸,使得该通过部实际上不意味着用于压力介质的节流部,但是或者如此小地设定该通过部的尺寸,使得该通过部对于穿流的介质来说意味着恒定的节流部。
发明内容
相对地,具有独立权利要求1所述特征的根据本发明的弹簧元件和具有独立权利要求9所述特征的具有这种弹簧元件的对应的活塞泵所具有的优点为,该弹簧元件的基体在压力差升高时表现出动态性。这意味着,至少一个节流部位的开口横截面根据该压力差可变地进行调整。
本发明的核心在于,根据本发明的弹簧元件组合了用于阀的关闭元件的关闭弹簧的功能和用于动态地使流体流节流的节流装置的功能。在此,关闭弹簧功能结合例如构造成球、球冠或可以其它形式实施的关闭体,对阀、例如排出阀的打开压力进行调节,所述阀使活塞泵的压缩腔和对应***的高压侧分离。为了实现节流功能,基体在节流部位的区域中被构造为弹性的,从而节流装置在压力差升高时表现出动态性。在根据本发明的弹簧元件中,优选地通过以下方式实现这两个功能的组合,即,弹簧元件用于关闭弹簧功能的第一弹簧作用基本上垂直于弹簧元件的用于节流功能的第二弹簧作用起作用。优选地,弹簧元件的该第一弹簧作用轴向地实现并且弹簧元件的第二弹簧作用径向地实现。
如此设计根据本发明的弹簧元件,即,其在出现偏差时(例如在低温时压力过高)或在出现较高的体积流时可以有利的方式弹性地调整或打开所述至少一个节流部位。该弹簧元件的动态节流功能形成根据压力而变化的节流作用。在更高的压力时,例如该节流装置的弹性臂张开并且节流部位变大。通过该节流部位的增大使节流作用最小化。也就是说,在压力小时,出现高的节流作用以及在较 高的压力时该节流作用减小。通过在低的压力时高的节流作用可以有利的方式尽可能长地在排出阀盖中保持压力。因此,可通过体积容器(Volumentopf)和/或蓄能器实现节流的作用并且进一步改进泵功能。由此可避免例如在活塞泵中的增大的内压力进而可避免构件损坏。由此,可在相同的压力水平上实现构件的成本最优的设计方案。在流体的线性特性的范围之内的“正常运行”中,该节流部位被流经。如果由于温度变化粘度增加并且由此流动阻力增加,那么节流部位的横截面稍微弹性地增大。通过节流装置的限定的、单向的流出方向,可将活塞泵的排出阀的关闭体引入优选位置中,这积极地作用于活塞泵的噪声特性。
根据本发明的弹簧元件、特别是用于活塞泵的弹簧元件的实施方式包括盘形的基体,至少一个弹簧接片被引入在该基体中。根据本发明,用于对流体流进行节流的基体包括至少一个动态节流部位,其中,该基体在所述至少一个节流部位的区域中被构造为弹性的,使得所述至少一个节流部位的开口横截面能够根据压力差可变地进行调整。
根据本发明的用于输送流体的活塞泵包括活塞、缸元件和布置在进入阀和排出阀之间的被盖封闭的压力腔,其中,排出阀包括可克服根据本发明的弹簧元件的力运动的关闭元件,以及其中,在排出阀之后在流体流中设置用于对流体流进行节流的器件,其被集成到弹簧元件中。根据本发明的活塞泵例如可用在车辆制动***中以输送压力介质。
根据本发明的弹簧元件的实施方式通过在节流部位处具有流出通道的弹性的基体实现了:流出通道在流体的高粘度状态下扩大,使得在节流装置处出现几乎恒定的压力差。通过根据本发明的动态节流功能减小了驱动功率以及传递力的零部件(例如轴承、活塞、高压密封环等)的负荷。通过基体以及节流部位和弹簧接片的造型,可使节流性能和/或关闭性能与泵功能相协调。由此,本发明的实施方式实现了应用本发明的流体***的质量改进。作为另一优点,通 过节流功能的动态特性可以有利的方式避免增加节流部位。在未来的结构设计中,在合适的设计中可利用此节省成本。根据本发明的弹簧元件不仅可与活塞泵相结合而且可用于流体***的其它部件。
通过在从属权利要求中阐述的措施和改进方案可以实现在独立权利要求1中给出的弹簧元件和在独立权利要求9中给出的用于输送流体的活塞泵的有利改进。
特别有利的是,基体在所述至少一个节流部位的区域中具有至少一个确定开口横截面的弹性臂,其根据压力差调整所述至少一个节流部位的开口横截面。该至少一个节流部位例如具有与该压力差无关的最小开口横截面和/或最大开口横截面。这意味着,该节流部位在未被加载的状态中具有带预设的最小开口横截面的流出通道。附加地或替代地,该节流部位的流出通道的最大横截面在被加载的状态中例如通过止挡限制。所述至少一个节流部位的最小开口横截面可以有利的方式根据在预设的温度范围中的体积流进行优化。由于温度变化,流体粘度进而在节流部位处的流动阻力也改变。由此,现在节流部位被附加地扩大,使得通过弹性特性使节流部位的自由横截面增大或产生新的自由横截面。由此在节流部位处的压力差有利地、尤其在低温时不会上升,并且流体***的其它构件不会受到损害。
在根据本发明的弹簧元件的有利的设计方案中,该至少一个弹簧接片可实施成圆弧形和/或螺旋形。这使通过冲制过程简单地且快速地制造弹簧接片成为可能。
在根据本发明的弹簧元件的另一有利的设计方案中,所选择的基体的弹性特性和/或所选择的基体的结构形式和/或所选择的所述至少一个节流部位的结构形式确定在压力差变化时所述至少一个节流部位的开口横截面的动态特性和/或该至少一个弹簧接片的当前作用的弹性力。例如,该基体可在周向区域中包括多个对称的弹性臂,这些弹性臂确定所述至少一个节流部位的形状和尺寸。可如此设计该节流部位,即,通过两个弹性臂预先规定带有优选的流出通道的 第一开口,并且通过两个周向臂预先规定带有另一流出通道的在流体流方向上布置在第一开口之后的第二开口。
在根据本发明的弹簧元件的另一有利的设计方案中,该至少一个弹簧接片构造在盘形基体的中央区域中。这使独立实施在根据本发明的弹簧元件中所组合的功能成为可能。
在根据根据本发明的弹簧元件的另一有利的设计方案中,在基体的周边上布置至少一个对中凸耳用于弹簧元件的位置正确的安装。
在根据本发明的活塞泵的有利的设计方案中,弹簧元件***在缸元件和盖的两个平的面之间,由此,使弹簧元件的简单装配成为可能。在此,弹簧元件的基体基本上通过其周向臂布置在活塞泵的缸元件和盖之间。
附图说明
在附图中示出本发明的实施例并且在以下描述中详细解释本发明的实施例。在附图中相同的附图标记表示具有相同或相似功能的组件或元件。
图1示出了根据本发明的用于输送流体的活塞泵的一个实施例的立体示意图,
图2示出了用于在图1中示出的活塞泵的根据本发明的弹簧元件的一个实施例的立体图,
图3示出了用于在图1中示出的活塞泵的根据本发明的弹簧元件的另一实施例的立体图。
具体实施方式
如从图1中看出的那样,根据本发明的用于输送流体的活塞泵1包括活塞3、缸元件5、密封元件7和布置在不可见的输入口之前的流体过滤器9,在该输入口之后布置有不可见的进入阀。在未示出的进入阀和排出阀20之间,在缸元件5的内部中布置有不可见的压力 腔,其被盖6封闭,排出阀20布置在该盖6中。该盖6以透明的方式示出并且被压紧到缸元件5的后部的实施成凸肩部5.1的部分上,使得在盖6和凸肩部5.1之间构造至少一个流体通道和至少一个流出口。所示出的根据本发明的活塞泵1可例如布置在泵壳体或流体块的未示出的容纳孔中。横向延伸的压力介质通道可通入该容纳孔中,流体通过该压力介质通道通过流体过滤器9被导向活塞泵1的输入口或者从活塞泵1的所述至少一个流出孔中被导出。
如还可从图1中看出的那样,排出阀20包括布置在压力腔的输出口处的不可见的密封座、例如构造成球、球冠或以其它形式实施的关闭体24、以及作用到关闭体24上的弹簧接片16。在流体流中,在排出阀20之后设置有带有基体11、11′和节流部位14的用于对流体流进行节流的装置12,以用于减小噪声形成。为了该目的,在缸元件5和盖6之间设置用于弹簧元件10、10′的安装室,该安装室由在缸元件5的端侧上的平的面以及由盖6的平的向内成阶梯形的面限定。例如,该弹簧元件10、10′在将盖6压紧到缸元件5的凸肩部5.1上之后被***盖6中。
根据本发明,弹簧元件10、10′将在所示出的实施例中用于排出阀20的关闭功能与在节流部位14处的动态节流功能相组合。如从图1至3中看出的那样,弹簧元件10、10′具有盘形基体11、11′,至少一个弹簧接片16被引入该基体11、11′中。此外,为了对流体流8进行节流,基体11、11′包括至少一个动态的节流部位14,在该至少一个节流部位14的区域中基体11、11′被构造为弹性的,使得该至少一个节流部位4的开口横截面可根据压力差可变地进行调整。由此,根据本发明的弹簧元件10、10′通过与关闭体24结合的关闭弹簧功能调节使活塞泵1的压缩腔与对应***的高压侧分离的排出阀20的打开压力,并且通过动态的节流功能调节节流部位14的有效横截面。在根据本发明的弹簧元件10、10′中,这两个功能的组合优选地通过以下方式实现,即,弹簧元件10、10′用于关闭弹簧功能的第一弹簧作用基本上垂直于弹簧元件10、10′用于节流功能的第二 弹簧作用起作用。在所示出的实施例中,弹簧元件10、10′的该第一弹簧作用轴向地实现并且弹簧元件10、10′的第二弹簧作用径向地实现。
通过基体11、11′在所述至少一个节流部位14的区域中的弹性构造,本发明的实施方式有利地能够使其节流性能或其开口横截面动态地与存在的压力差相匹配。为了该目的,基体11、11′在所述至少一个节流部位14的区域中具有至少一个确定开口横截面的弹性臂12.1、12.2,其根据压力差调整所述至少一个节流部位14的开口横截面。
在所示出的实施例中,所述至少一个节流部位14具有与压力差无关的最小开口横截面,其可根据所期望的节流性能针对在预先规定的温度范围中的体积流进行优化。由于温度变化,流体的粘度以及进而在节流部位14的预先规定的最小节流横截面处的流动阻力也改变。通过基体11、11′在节流部位14的区域中弹性的实施方案,使节流部位14扩大,使得自由的横截面变大或出现新的自由横截面。由此,活塞泵1的内压力以有利的方式特别是在低的温度时不升高,从而不损坏活塞泵1的其它构件。节流部位14的与压力差无关的最大开口横截面例如可由已有的安装空间或由止挡预先规定。所述至少一个节流部位14的开口横截面在压力差变化时的动态性能可以有利的方式通过选择或预先规定基体11、11′的弹性性能和/或结构形式和/或所述至少一个节流部位14的结构形式确定。相同的也适用于用于实现关闭弹簧功能的所述至少一个弹簧接片16的弹簧作用。
如还可从图1至3中看出的那样,该至少一个弹簧接片16构造在盘形基体11、11′的中央区域中。在所示出的实施例中,弹簧接片16构造成具有相对应的去除部的螺旋形。替代地,可设想圆弧形的或者其它被本领域技术人员视为合适的形状用于该至少一个弹簧接片16的实施方案。
如还可从图1至3中看出的那样,在所示出的实施方式中,弹簧元件10、10′的基体11、11′在周向区域中分别具有两个弹性臂12.1、 12.2,其端部确定相应的节流部位14的形状。弹簧元件10、10′的基体11、11′例如可制成冲制件。
在图2中示出的实施例中,弹簧元件10的基体11实施成带有节流部位14和多个对中凸耳18的冲制件,这些对中凸耳18布置在基体11上,以使弹簧元件10的***更加容易。以有利的方式,这些对中凸耳18使位置正确地安装基体11成为可能。如还可从图2中看出的那样,节流部位14的预先规定的最小开口横截面(其形状由两个弹性臂12.1、12.2确定)使通过节流部位14的流出通道15的流体流18增加成为可能,直至通过弹簧性能确定的极限压力差值。如果压力差增大到超过极限压力差值,那么两个弹性臂12.1、12.2向通过箭头8.1、8.2指出的方向张开,使得节流部位14的开口横截面和流体的流量Q增大并且使有效的压力差减小。
如还可从图2中看出的那样,在基体11的两个周向臂12.3、12.4之间构造的流出孔15使预先规定节流部位14的最大开口横截面成为可能,其中,该流出孔15的形状由周向臂12.3、12.4的端部确定。此外,基体11基本上通过其周向臂12.3、12.4布置在活塞泵1的缸元件5和盖6之间。
与在图2中示出的实施例不同地,在图3中示出的弹簧元件10′的实施例具有实施成冲制件的基体11′,在该基体11′上未布置对中凸耳。如还可从图3中看出的那样,在该实施方式中,节流部位14的预先规定的最小开口横截面(其形状通过两个弹性臂12.1、12.2确定)也使通过节流部位14的流出通道15的流体流8增加成为可能,直至通过弹簧性能确定的极限压力差值。如果该压力差升高到超过极限压力差值,那么两个弹性臂12.1、12.2向通过箭头8.1、8.2指出的方向张开,使得节流部位14的开口横截面和流体的流量Q增大并且使有效的压力差减小。在该实施例中,在基体11的两个周向臂12.3、12.4之间构造的流出口15也使预先规定节流部位14的最大开口横截面成为可能,其中,该流出口15的形状由周向臂12.3、12.4的端部确定。此外,基体11′基本上通过其周向臂12.3、12.4布 置在活塞泵1的缸元件5和盖6之间。
本发明的实施方式有利地实现了非常好的NVH特性(NVH:噪声、振动、声振粗糙度)。借助于弹性的节流装置,在流体的高粘度状态下可有利地保持在节流装置之前和之后的压力差恒定。由此减小了驱动功率、以及传递力的零部件(例如轴承、活塞、高压密封环等)的负荷。在未来的结构设计中,在合适的设计中可利用此节省成本。此外,通过节流部位的造型可有利地使节流特性与功能相协调。
Claims (10)
1.一种弹簧元件,所述弹簧元件具有盘形的基体(11、11'),在所述基体(11、11')中引入至少一个弹簧接片(16),为了对流体流(8)进行节流,所述基体(11、11')包括至少一个动态的节流部位(14),其中,所述基体(11、11')在所述至少一个节流部位(14)的区域中是弹性的,使得所述至少一个节流部位(14)的开口横截面能够根据压力差变化地进行调整,其特征在于,所述弹簧元件(10、10')的用于关闭弹簧功能的第一弹簧作用基本上垂直于所述弹簧元件(10、10')的用于节流功能的第二弹簧作用地实现。
2.按照权利要求1所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,所述基体(11、11')在所述至少一个节流部位(14)的区域中具有至少一个确定所述开口横截面的弹性臂(12.1、12.2),所述弹性臂根据所述压力差调整所述至少一个节流部位(14)的开口横截面。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,所述至少一个节流部位(14)具有与所述压力差无关的最小开口横截面和/或最大开口横截面。
4.按照权利要求1所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,所述至少一个弹簧接片(16)是圆弧形和/或螺旋形。
5.按照权利要求1所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,所选择的基体(11、11')的弹性特性和/或所选择的基体(11、11')的结构形式和/或所选择的所述至少一个节流部位(14)的结构形式确定在压力差变化时所述至少一个节流部位(14)的开口横截面的动态特性和/或所述至少一个弹簧接片(16)的当前作用的弹性力。
6.按照权利要求1所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,在所述盘形的基体(11、11')的周向区域中设有两个对称的弹性臂(12.1、12.2),这两个弹性臂的端部确定所述节流部位(14)的形状。
7.按照权利要求1所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,所述至少一个弹簧接片(16)构造在所述盘形的基体(11、11')的中央区域中。
8.按照权利要求1所述的弹簧元件,其特征在于,在所述基体(11)的周边上布置至少一个用于位置正确地进行安装的对中凸耳(18)。
9.一种用于输送流体的活塞泵,所述活塞泵包括活塞(3)、缸元件(5)和布置在进入阀和排出阀(20)之间的被盖(6)封闭的压力腔,其中,所述排出阀(20)包括能够克服弹簧元件(10、10')的力运动的关闭元件(24),以及其中,在所述排出阀(20)之后在流体流(8)中设有用于对流体流(8)进行节流的器件(12),其特征在于,所述排出阀(20)的弹簧元件(10、10')按照权利要求1至8中任一项实施。
10.按照权利要求9所述的活塞泵,其特征在于,所述弹簧元件(10、10')***在所述缸元件(5)和所述盖(6)的两个平的面之间。
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AU2006292904B2 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2009-11-05 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Damper and home-bar door apparatus for refrigerator using the same |
DE102006036691B4 (de) | 2006-08-05 | 2014-07-03 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Rückschlagventil |
DE102006036695B4 (de) * | 2006-08-05 | 2010-01-07 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Selbstpumpendes hydropneumatisches Federbein mit innerer Niveauregelung |
KR100861867B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-10-06 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 자동차 슬립 제어 시스템용 맥동 압 저하 타입 펌프 |
DE102008026723B4 (de) | 2008-06-04 | 2013-05-29 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Rückschlagventil |
JP5187283B2 (ja) | 2009-06-25 | 2013-04-24 | 株式会社アドヴィックス | チェック弁及びブレーキ液圧制御装置 |
DE102010040169A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Drosselung einer Fluidströmung und korrespondierende Kolbenpumpe zur Förderung von Fluiden |
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2011
- 2011-01-21 DE DE102011002982.6A patent/DE102011002982B4/de active Active
- 2011-11-22 JP JP2013549733A patent/JP5681816B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-22 KR KR1020137019113A patent/KR20130141650A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-11-22 EP EP11785681.5A patent/EP2665932A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-22 WO PCT/EP2011/070687 patent/WO2012097901A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-11-22 US US13/978,808 patent/US9394898B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-22 CN CN201180065468.3A patent/CN103314213B/zh active Active
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US5570720A (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1996-11-05 | Gustavsberg Vargarda Armatur Ab | Mixing valve of single lever type provided with a device for preventing pressure shock at closing movement of the lever |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5681816B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
KR20130141650A (ko) | 2013-12-26 |
US20140030125A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
WO2012097901A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 |
DE102011002982B4 (de) | 2022-05-25 |
CN103314213A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
US9394898B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
DE102011002982A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 |
EP2665932A1 (de) | 2013-11-27 |
JP2014509373A (ja) | 2014-04-17 |
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