CN103311646A

CN103311646A - Rectenna based on microwave photonic crystal structure

Info

Publication number: CN103311646A
Application number: CN2013101758318A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田小建; 高博; 吴戈; 季帅
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2013-05-13
Filing date: 2013-05-13
Publication date: 2013-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2033-05-13
Also published as: CN103311646B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless energy transmission and provides a linearly polarized microstrip rectenna based on a microwave photonic crystal structure. The rectenna consists of a receiving antenna, an input low-pass filter, a matching circuit, a rectifying circuit and an output low-pass filter, wherein the receiving antenna, the input low-pass filter, the matching circuit, the rectifying circuit and the output low-pass filter are designed in the same plane. According to the rectenna, the receiving antenna adopts the microwave photonic crystal structure, so that the microwave reception capability of the rectenna is enhanced; and a defected ground structure is partially introduced into the input low-pass filter, so that the low-pass characteristics of the filter are optimized. The rectenna has the advantages that through the introduction of the photonic crystal structure and the defected ground structure, the size of the rectenna is reduced effectively, the design structure is simplified, and the gaining and rectifying efficiency of the rectenna is increased; and the rectenna is simple in structure, low in cost, light in weight and easy in system integration and large-batch production and can supply microwave energy to low-power loads, such as radio frequency identification, wireless sensors, micromachines.

Description

RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on the microwave photon structure

Technical field

The invention belongs to the wireless energy transmission technology field, relate to a kind of little band RECTIFYING ANTENNA of photon crystal structure, be used for the microwave energy in space is received and be converted to direct current output.

Background technology

The concept of microwave wireless energy transmission just was suggested as far back as the sixties in last century, now was applied in HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES wireless energy transfer occasions such as solar power satellite, unmanned plane drivings.But in these are used, very strict to the requirement of transmitter and transmitting antenna, and the High-Power Microwave electromagnetic field has very big influence to biological environment and bio-safety, so do not popularized yet so far.In today of semiconductor technology and the develop rapidly of integrated electronic technology, the size of microelectronic circuit is more and more littler, demand to power consumption is also more and more lower, so the application of microwave wireless energy transmission technology is also more and more towards low power dissipation electron equipment, as portable electric appts such as radio-frequency recognition system, wireless sensor network system, biomedical devices.In this technology, RECTIFYING ANTENNA has played crucial effects, has obtained significant progress.In recent years, microstrip circuit more and more is applied in the design of RECTIFYING ANTENNA, and microstrip circuit is easy to realize, be easy to the integrated circuit (IC) system design that compare with traditional circuit, microstrip circuit has the status of not replacing.

Along with the continuous research of new material and the continuous development of processing technology, RECTIFYING ANTENNA embodied be easy to conformal, be easy to advantages such as the system integration, possessed certain superiority thereby the microwave wireless energy is transmitted in the electric power system of low power electronic device.The wireless energy transfer distance of electronic equipments such as Micro-Robot, radio frequency identification, wireless sensor network, remote sensing is generally at several meters, several centimetres, these electronic equipments need adapt to operating time and very long stand-by time arbitrarily, and the microwave wireless energy transmission technology is enough to satisfy these requirements.And above-mentioned micro-system is if adopt powered battery, and operational electric weight is limited, and the microwave wireless energy transmission technology just can remedy this defective.Passed through the development of decades, microwave technology has possessed quite rich theory, technical foundation in China, and it is ripe and urgent day by day therefore to carry out the condition of microwave wireless energy transmission technology research in China.

The cardinal principle of RECTIFYING ANTENNA is: at first by the microwave energy in the reception antenna reception space, carry out rectification by the microwave rectification circuit again, the output dc energy is for loaded work piece.Its key technical indexes is: the rectification efficiency of the gain of reception antenna, microwave rectification circuit.At first RECTIFYING ANTENNA needs the antenna of high-gain (high directivity) can reception microwave energy as much as possible, by high efficiency microwave rectification circuit microwave energy is converted into direct current output again.Because RECTIFYING ANTENNA is mainly used in the micro-systems such as radio-frequency recognition system, wireless sensor network system, in-pipe micro-robot, so require RECTIFYING ANTENNA to have littler size, simpler structure is convenient to the integration, integrated of system.

But traditional RECTIFYING ANTENNA is because shortcomings such as volume is big, heaviness, manufacturing cost is high, conversion efficiency is low make it be restricted in many occasion uses.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the deficiency that traditional RECTIFYING ANTENNA exists, provide a kind of simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight, the little band RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on photon crystal structure that conversion efficiency is high.

Above-mentioned technical problem realizes by following technical scheme:

A kind of RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on the microwave photon structure, structure has: microwave-medium plate 7 has microband paste 1, microstrip line 31 parts of importing low pass filter 3, impedance matching circuit 4, rectifier diode 5, output low pass filter 6 in the front of microwave-medium plate 7; At the back side of microwave-medium plate 7 ground plate 8 is arranged; At ground plate 8 microwave photon structure 2 is arranged, the position of microwave photon structure 2 is corresponding with microband paste 1; Described microwave photon structure 2 is periodicity square holes of 3 row * 4 row; At ground plate 8 U-shaped groove defect ground structure 32 parts of input low pass filter 3 are arranged, described U-shaped groove defect ground structure 32 is positioned at microwave photon structure 2 belows, is made of with corresponding two parallel narrow slots up and down a rectangular element slit;

The input of described input low pass filter 3 links to each other with microband paste 1, the input of impedance matching circuit 4, output connect the output of importing low pass filter 3 and the anode of rectifier diode 5 respectively, the input of output low pass filter 6, negative electrode and the DC load 9 that output connects rectifier diode 5 respectively.

Each several part optimize structure into: described microband paste 1 is the 27mm of 2.45GHz * 31mm rectangular patch, adopts 50 ohm microstrip feeds; Described microwave photon structure 2, each square hole is of a size of 6.6mm * 7mm, and line space is 6.5mm between square hole, and column pitch is 7mm between square hole; Described input low pass filter 3 is made of microstrip line 31 and U-shaped groove defect ground structure 32, and U-shaped groove is by rectangular element slit and two narrow slot formations that width is 0.5mm of a 5.5mm * 5mm; Described impedance matching circuit 4 is the two minor matters impedance matching circuits that are made of open circuit minor matters 41 and short circuit minor matters 42; Described output low pass filter 6 is made of one section microstrip line 61 and an electric capacity 62, and a pin of electric capacity 62 is welded on the microstrip line 61, and another pin is welded on the via pad, links to each other with ground plate 8 by via hole.

A kind of RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on the microwave photon structure of the present invention mainly contains following beneficial effect:

1, by introducing microwave photon structure and U-shaped groove defective ground formula structure, antenna gain and rectification efficiency have effectively been improved; Reduce antenna size effectively, simplified project organization;

2, the overall structure of RECTIFYING ANTENNA is integrated on the same microwave-medium plate, is easy to the system integration, and is easy to power consumption equipment conformal, coplanar; Can realize the microwave energy supply to low-power consumption loads such as radio-frequency (RF) identification, wireless senser, micromechanicss;

3, planing surface is low, and is in light weight, simple in structure, and cost is low, is easy to produce in enormous quantities.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the front elevation of structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the back view of structure of the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

The concrete structure of each several part of the present invention is described by reference to the accompanying drawings:

By rectangular microband paste 1, photon crystal structure 2 on the ground plate 8 constitutes the microwave photon reception antenna, be used for receiving microwave energy, microband paste 1 is of a size of 27mm * 31mm rectangular patch, operating frequency is 2.45GHz, adopt 50 ohm microstrip feeds, microwave photon structure 2 is the periodicity square hole of 3 row * 4 row, square hole is of a size of 6.6mm * 7mm, line space is 6.5mm, column pitch is 7mm, this photonic crystal has suppressed the surperficial wave propagation in the dielectric-slab 7, thereby has improved gain and the directivity of antenna effectively, and the gain of this photon crystal structure reception antenna is 4.29dBi;

Constituted the input low pass filter 3 of defect ground structure by the U-shaped groove defect ground structure 32 on microstrip line 31, the ground plate 8, be used for making lossless the passing through of first-harmonic of 2.45GHz, stop harmonic wave to pass through simultaneously, to prevent that the harmonic wave that rectification circuit produces is back on the antenna, the defect ground structure application of low pass filters has very big advantage in the design of RECTIFYING ANTENNA, be mainly reflected in the structure of RECTIFYING ANTENNA is simplified, be convenient to the integrated of system, effectively reduced the size of RECTIFYING ANTENNA; U-shaped groove has been introduced stub for the cut-off frequency of regulating filter by rectangular element slit and two narrow slot formations that width is 0.5mm of a 5.5mm * 5mm at the corresponding microstrip line of this U-shaped groove, and stub is of a size of 1.5mm * 11.8mm;

Constitute two minor matters impedance matching circuits by open circuit minor matters 41, short circuit minor matters 42, be used for finishing rectifier diode 5(and contain the rear end rectification circuit) with front-end circuit 50 Ω input impedance between coupling, thereby make load 7 can obtain the direct current power of maximum;

The model of rectifier diode 5 is HSMS282C, and anode connects two minor matters impedance matching circuits, and negative electrode connects output low pass filter 6;

Output low pass filter 6 is made of the electric capacity 62 of one section microstrip line 61 and a 1pF, for lossless the passing through of DC component that allows rectifier diode 5 produce, prevent that first-harmonic and harmonic wave from passing through, output low pass filter 6 and input low pass filter 3 are together, high order harmonic component is limited between the two, repeatedly reflection, rectification, thereby the rectification efficiency of raising rectification circuit.

Above each several part circuit all adopts microstrip circuit to realize that integral manufacturing covers on the FR4 microwave-medium plate 7 of copper on a two sides, and the operating frequency of little band RECTIFYING ANTENNA is 2.45GHz.

When launching the microwave of 2.45GHz to the microwave photon antenna, load 9 just can access the dc energy that is received, converted by little band RECTIFYING ANTENNA.

Adopt the little band RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on the microwave photon structure of present embodiment, its antenna gain is 4.29dBi, and the conversion efficiency of microwave-direct current is 62%.

Claims

1. RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on the microwave photon structure, structure has microwave-medium plate (7), the microstrip line (31) that microband paste (1), input low pass filter (3) arranged in the front of microwave-medium plate (7) partly, impedance matching circuit (4), rectifier diode (5), output low pass filter (6); At the back side of microwave-medium plate (7) ground plate (8) is arranged; It is characterized in that at ground plate (8) microwave photon structure (2) being arranged, the position of microwave photon structure (2) is corresponding with microband paste (1); Described microwave photon structure (2) is the periodicity square hole of 3 row * 4 row; U-shaped groove defect ground structure (32) part that input low pass filter (3) is arranged at ground plate (8), described U-shaped groove defect ground structure (32), be positioned at microwave photon structure (2) below, constituted with corresponding two parallel narrow slots up and down by a rectangular element slit;

The input of described input low pass filter (3) links to each other with microband paste (1), the input of impedance matching circuit (4), output connect the output of input low pass filter (3) and the anode of rectifier diode (5) respectively, and input, the output of output low pass filter (6) connect negative electrode and the DC load (9) of rectifier diode (5) respectively.

2. a kind of RECTIFYING ANTENNA based on the microwave photon structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microband paste (1) is the 27mm of 2.45GHz * 31mm rectangular patch, adopts 50 ohm microstrip feeds; Described microwave photon structure (2), each square hole is of a size of 6.6mm * 7mm, and line space is 6.5mm between square hole, and column pitch is 7mm between square hole; Described input low pass filter (3) is made of microstrip line (31) and U-shaped groove defect ground structure (32), and U-shaped groove is by rectangular element slit and two narrow slot formations that width is 0.5mm of a 5.5mm * 5mm; Described impedance matching circuit (4) is the two minor matters impedance matching circuits that are made of open circuit minor matters (41) and short circuit minor matters (42); Described output low pass filter (6) is made of one section microstrip line (61) and an electric capacity (62), and a pin of electric capacity (62) is welded on the microstrip line (61), and another pin is welded on the via pad, links to each other with ground plate (8) by via hole.