CN103301858A - Preparation method of visible light response magnetic separation type attapulgite-based composite photocatalyst - Google Patents

Preparation method of visible light response magnetic separation type attapulgite-based composite photocatalyst Download PDF

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CN103301858A
CN103301858A CN2013102473927A CN201310247392A CN103301858A CN 103301858 A CN103301858 A CN 103301858A CN 2013102473927 A CN2013102473927 A CN 2013102473927A CN 201310247392 A CN201310247392 A CN 201310247392A CN 103301858 A CN103301858 A CN 103301858A
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attapulgite
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张莉莉
张佳慧
张维光
仲慧
周守勇
赵宜江
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Jiangsu Chengfeng New Material Co ltd
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Huaiyin Normal University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a visible light response magnetic separation type attapulgite based composite photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dispersing attapulgite in a 1.0mol/L of NaCl solution of which the amount is 10 times larger than the amount of the attapulgite, bathing at 30 DEG C, washing, filtering, drying and grinding, and dispersing the ground powder in deionized water of which the amount is 40 to 50 times larger than the amount of the ground powder; adding dropwise an acid solution of Bi (NO3)3.5H2O to a suspension of sodium-rich attapulgite, adding dropwise an aqueous solution of halogen inorganic salt, stirring for 4-8h, standing, filtering, drying at a temperature of 60-100 DEG C, and then putting the mixture in a muffle furnace for calcination at a temperature of 100-350 DEG C to obtain an ATT-BiOX semi-finished product; alternatively, adding dropwise tetra-n-butyl titanate or a suspension of sodium-rich attapulgite, stirring for 4-8h, keeping stand, filtering, drying at a temperature of 60-100 DEG C, and then putting in a muffle furnace for calcination at a temperature of l00-350 DEG C to obtain an ATT-TiO2 semi-finished product; suspending the ATT-BiOX or ATT-TiO2 semi-finished product in a 160ml of iron ion-containing solution, stirring 1h, then bathing at 70 DEG C, aging for 2h, filtering, drying at a temperature of 60-100 DEG C, and calcining for 4h at the temperature of 100-350 DEG C to obtain a composite photocatalyst. The composite photocatalyst provided by the invention has a good visible light degradation effect, magnetism, and good application prospects and economic benefits in the aspect of photocatalytic recycling.

Description

The preparation method of visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst
Technical field
The invention belongs to the attapulgite is carrier, has not only had magnetic but also can be by BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I)-Fe that visible light responded by in-situ deposition at its area load xO yOr TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite oxides prepare attapulgite-BiOX-Fe xO yOr attapulgite-TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite photo-catalyst is specifically related to the preparation method of visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst.
Background technology
Along with the deepen continuously research of people to catalysis material, more and more researchers begins to pay close attention to the heterogeneous photocatalysis oxidation technique of semiconductor.Magnetic nanometer photocatalyst is a class has good magnetic response performance to externally-applied magnetic field photocatalysis nano material, it can realize the recovery of catalyst by an externally-applied magnetic field is set, and then finish regeneration, utilization, and be energy savings, reduce cost and give security.The advantage of magnetic nanometer photocatalyst is: on the one hand, it has kept the high-specific surface area of conventional powder shape photochemical catalyst and high light utilization ratio; On the other hand, solved the shortcoming that Powdered photochemical catalyst reclaims difficulty, therefore had broad application prospects in various fields.
On the magnetic core of magnetic photocatalytic material is selected, have many reports at present, wherein mainly with γ-Fe 2O 3, Fe 3O 4, CoFe 2O 4, NiFe 2O 4, MnFe 2O 4Be carrier Deng magnetizing mediums, coat the process of finishing magnetic recovery when not influencing its photocatalysis efficiency that is implemented in by two components or multicomponent.But not about with Fe xO yCorrelative study report for magnetic nuclear.Fe xO yBe Fe 2O 3With Fe 3O 4Mixture because the two has certain photocatalysis characteristic simultaneously, when therefore being magnetic nuclear with it, also can utilize its photocatalysis performance.In addition, in order further to improve its photocatalytic activity, consider to use TiO 2Or BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I) carries out modification to it.BiOX is a kind of novel semi-conducting material, has unique electronic structure, good optical character and catalytic performance, responding to visible light well, and BiOX is studied widely because having very high catalytic activity.
Along with the increase in demand of production development, the immobilization technology of catalysis material becomes the emphasis of research gradually.Existing bibliographical information can be fixed on photochemical catalyst on organic matter, inorganic matter or the natural minerals.And Concave-convex clay rod (being convenient statement, hereinafter all with recessed soil or ATT statement) be a kind of be the natural nonmetal clay mineral of main component with the attapulgite, its desirable molecular formula is Mg 5Si 8O 20(OH) 24H 2O.Because Concave-convex clay rod has better adsorption capability, unique dispersiveness, high temperature resistant, anti-saline and alkaline, higher plasticity and cohesive force are arranged, be a kind of carrier material of excellence.The applicant has been carrier with the attapulgite clay successfully, by sol-gel technology, has designed the ATT-SnO of photochemical catalyst efficiently 2-TiO 2, experimental results show that this catalyst both can realize can reducing the synthetic cost of photochemical catalyst again to the degraded of the degree of depth of organic pollutions such as methyl orange and phenol.For this reason, on the application's working foundation in front, provide a kind of preparation method of magnetic divergence type attapulgite composite photocatalyst.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of preparation method of visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst, by the synthetic BiOX-Fe of in-situ deposition method xO yOr TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite oxides coat the photochemical catalyst of attapulgite, not only have magnetic but also can be responded by visible light.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the preparation method of this visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst comprises the steps:
A) preparation of the recessed native suspension of rich sodium: attapulgite is dispersed in the NaCl solution of 1.0 mol/L of 10 times of amounts, 2.5 h are stirred in 30 ℃ water bath with thermostatic control, spend deionised water, filter, oven dry is ground, powder after will grinding again is dispersed in the deionized water that 40-50 doubly measures, and the recessed native suspension of rich sodium is made in ultrasonic dispersion;
B) ATT-BiOX or ATT-TiO 2Semi-finished product preparation: with Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The acid solution of O slowly is added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension of rich sodium, do not stop to stir, and then slowly drip the halogen inorganic salt solution, and stir 30 min after adding again, regulate pH value=6-7 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir 4-8 h, a still aging night, suction filtration, 60-100 ℃ of drying, put into a Muffle furnace 100-350 ℃ roasting after the grinding and remove organic matter and the crystallization water, get the ATT-BiOX semi-finished product; Or metatitanic acid four fourth fat slowly are added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension of rich sodium, stir 4-8 h after adding again, a still aging night, suction filtration, 60-100 ℃ of drying put into a Muffle furnace 100-350 ℃ roasting and removed organic matter and the crystallization water after the grinding, get ATT-TiO 2Semi-finished product;
C) ATT-BiOX-Fe xO yOr ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite photo-catalyst preparation: with ATT-BiOX or the ATT-TiO of step b) 2Semi-finished product are suspended in the 160 ml iron content ion solution, and 70 ℃ of stirring in water bath 0.5 h regulate the pH value to the 10.5-11 with concentrated ammonia liquor, after stirring 1 h again, at 70 ℃ of water-bath ageing 2 h, suction filtration, 60-100 ℃ of drying, 100-350 ℃ of calcining 4 h get ATT-BiOX-Fe xO yOr ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite photo-catalyst.
Wherein, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The acid solution of O is the acid solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2H in O and the acid +The amount of substance ratio be: 1:1.
Wherein, the halogen inorganic salts are HCl, ammonium bromide or KI, and the amount of substance concentration of halogen inorganic salt solution is 2 molL -1, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The amount of substance ratio of O and halogen inorganic salt solution is: 1:2, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The mass ratio of O or metatitanic acid four fourth fat and attapulgite is: 1:1.03.
Wherein, in the solution of iron ion, Fe 3+And Fe 2+Volume ratio be: 5:3, c=0.04 mol/L.
Wherein, the amount of substance ratio is r=n in the step c) Ti/ (n Ti+ n Bi)=0.0-1.0; R=n Ti/ (n Fe+ n Ti)=0.0-1.0.
The present invention has the following advantages: 1, adopt the in-situ deposition method to coat BiOX-Fe in the attapulgite's surface original position xO yAnd TiO 2-Fe xO yThe semiconductor composite magnetic, synthetic attapulgite clay compounded magnetic photocatalyst covered effect is good, specific surface is big, has the excellent visible light catalytic performance; 2, do not use organic reagent in the building-up process, low, the non-environmental-pollution of cost; 3, expand the range of application of attapulgite, improved its application level; 4, this synthetic method has solved fixing, the recovery problem of photochemical catalyst.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is XRD spectra (a) ATT of recessed soil and attapulgite composite material, (b) TiO 2, (c) Fe xO y, (d) ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO y-0.25, (e) ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO y-0.75, (☆) attapulgite, (★) TiO 2(anatase), (▲) Fe 3O 4, and (●) Fe 2O 3
Fig. 2 is ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO y-0.5 saturation magnetization curve.
Fig. 3 is different proportioning ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite photo-catalyst 20 mgL that under visible light, degrade -1Methyl orange photocatalysis design sketch.
The specific embodiment
Further specify technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiment can not be interpreted as it is restriction to technical scheme.
Embodiment 1: according to the synthetic ATT-TiO of following steps 2-Fe xO y-0.1 composite photo-catalyst:
A) the recessed soil of weighing 1 g adds the NaCl solution of 100 mL1.0 mol/L, and 2.5 h are stirred in 30 ℃ water bath with thermostatic control, spend deionised water, filter, oven dry is ground, and the powder after will grinding again is dispersed in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50 mL, the recessed native suspension of rich sodium is made in ultrasonic dispersion;
B) the metatitanic acid four fourth fat with 0.24 mL slowly are added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension of rich sodium, do not stop to stir, and then slowly drip deionized water, stir 4 h after adding again, a still aging night, suction filtration, 80 ℃ of dryings, put into 300 ℃ of roastings of Muffle furnace after the grinding and remove organic matter and the crystallization water, get ATT-TiO 2Semi-finished product;
C) with step b) ATT-TiO 2Semi-finished product are suspended in 160 ml iron content ion solution (volume ratio Fe 3+: Fe 2+=5:3, c=0.04 mol/L) in, 70 ℃ of stirring in water bath 0.5 h regulate the pH value to the 10.5-11 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir 1 h again after, at 70 ℃ of water-bath ageing 2 h, suction filtration, 80 ℃ of dryings, 350 ℃ of calcining 4 h get ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO y-0.1 composite photo-catalyst.
Embodiment 2: according to the synthetic ATT-BiOCl-Fe of following steps xO y-0.30 composite photo-catalyst:
A) the recessed soil of weighing 1 g adds the NaCl solution of 100 mL1.0 mol/L, and 2.5 h are stirred in 30 ℃ water bath with thermostatic control, spend deionised water, filter, oven dry is ground, and the powder after will grinding again is dispersed in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50 mL, the recessed native suspension of rich sodium is made in ultrasonic dispersion;
B) weighing m (Bi (NO 3) 35H 2O)=1.33 g is dissolved in the 2molL of 3.0 mL with it -1In the HCl aqueous solution, after treating to dissolve fully it is added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension, stirs half an hour, then to wherein dripping concentrated ammonia liquor, regulate pH=6 ~ 7, stirred a still aging night, suction filtration four hours, deionized water washing 2-3 time, 80 ℃ of dryings are put into 140 ℃ of roasting 2h of Muffle furnace after the grinding, get the ATT-BiOCl semi-finished product;
C) step b) ATT-BiOCl semi-finished product are suspended in 160 ml iron content ion solution (volume ratio Fe 3+: Fe 2+=5:3 c=0.04 mol/L) in, 70 ℃ of stirring in water bath 0.5 h regulate pH value to 10.5 ~ about 11 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir 1 h again after, at 70 ℃ of water-bath ageing 2 h, suction filtration, 80 ℃ of dryings are calcined 4 h, are got ATT-TiO for 350 ℃ 2-Fe xO y-0.5 composite photo-catalyst.
Embodiment 3: according to the synthetic ATT-BiOBr-Fe of following steps xO y-0.60 composite photo-catalyst:
A) the recessed soil of weighing 1 g adds the NaCl solution of 100 mL1.0 mol/L, and 2.5 h are stirred in 30 ℃ water bath with thermostatic control, spend deionised water, filter, oven dry is ground, and the powder after will grinding again is dispersed in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50 mL, the recessed native suspension of rich sodium is made in ultrasonic dispersion;
B) weighing m (Bi (NO 3) 35H 2O)=and 4.656g, it is dissolved in the 2molL of 5mL -1HNO 3In, after treating to dissolve fully it slowly is added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension, after stirring and evenly mixing, slowly drip 2 molL again -1Bromize ammonium solution 10mL stirs 30min again after adding, to wherein dripping concentrated ammonia liquor, regulate PH=6 ~ 7 then, stirred a still aging night, suction filtration, deionized water washing 2-3 time four hours, 80 ℃ of dryings are put into 240 ℃ of roasting 2h of Muffle furnace after the grinding, get the ATT-BiOBr semi-finished product;
C) step b) ATT-BiOBr semi-finished product are suspended in 160 ml iron content ion solution (volume ratio Fe 3+: Fe 2+=5:3 c=0.04 mol/L) in, 70 ℃ of stirring in water bath 0.5 h regulate pH value to 10.5 ~ about 11 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir 1 h again after, at 70 ℃ of water-bath ageing 2 h, suction filtration, 80 ℃ of dryings are calcined 4 h, are got ATT-BiOBr-Fe for 350 ℃ xO y-0.60 composite photo-catalyst.
Embodiment 4: according to the synthetic ATT-BiOI-Fe of following steps xO y-0.90 composite photo-catalyst:
A) the recessed soil of weighing 1 g adds the NaCl solution of 100 mL1.0 mol/L, and 2.5 h are stirred in 30 ℃ water bath with thermostatic control, spend deionised water, filter, oven dry is ground, and the powder after will grinding again is dispersed in the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50 mL, the recessed native suspension of rich sodium is made in ultrasonic dispersion;
B) weighing m (Bi (NO 3) 35H 2O)=27.94 g is dissolved in the 2molL of 30.0 ml with it -1HNO 3In, after treating to dissolve fully it slowly is added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension, after stirring and evenly mixing, slowly drip 2 molL again -1Potassium iodide aqueous solution 60.0 mL stir 30min again after adding, to wherein dripping concentrated ammonia liquor, regulate PH=6 ~ 7 then, stirred a still aging night, suction filtration, deionized water washing 2-3 time four hours, 80 ℃ of dryings are ground 140 ℃ of roasting 2h in the Muffle furnace of back, get the ATT-BiOI semi-finished product;
C) step b) ATT-BiOI semi-finished product are suspended in 160 ml iron content ion solution (volume ratio Fe 3+: Fe 2+=5:3 c=0.04 mol/L) in, 70 ℃ of stirring in water bath 0.5 h regulate the pH value to the 10.5-11 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir 1 h again after, at 70 ℃ of water-bath ageing 2 h, suction filtration, 80 ℃ of dryings, 350 ℃ of calcining 4 h get ATT-BiOI-Fe xO y-0.90 composite photo-catalyst.
In the quartz test tube of the 20 mg/L methyl orange solutions that fill 250 mL, add 0.25 g ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yThe H of-0.1 catalyst 1 mL30 % 2O 2, blowing air stirs powder is fully suspended, under the irradiation of 500 W xenon lamps, get a solution every 20 min and carry out centrifugation, survey the absorbance of the upper strata stillness of night, contrast their photocatalysis performance, according to Lambert-Beer's law, calculate methyl orange concentration, be calculated as follows the degradation rate of methyl orange:
Degradation rate %=
Figure 2013102473927100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A in the formula 0, A i---be respectively the absorbance of degraded front and back methyl orange.
Fig. 1 is the XRD spectra of recessed soil and attapulgite composite material.As can be seen from the figure, 2 θ=8.3 of Fig. 1 a °, 19.9 °, 26.6 °, 35.0 ° diffraction maximum is the characteristic peak of recessed soil, visible recessed native original soil has the architectural feature of lamellar compound.2 θ=25.9 of Fig. 1 b °, 38.7 °, 48.1 °, 54.8 ° is TiO 2Diffraction maximum, 2 θ=30.1 ° among Fig. 1 c, 35.5 °, 43.1 °, 56.9 °, 62.6 ° diffraction maximum is Fe 3O 4Characteristic peak, 2 θ=24.1 °, 33,2 °, 54.1 °, 57.6 °, 62.4 °, 71.9 ° diffraction maximum is Fe 2O 3Characteristic peak.Therefore, c is Fe among the figure 3O 4And Fe 2O 3Mixture, called after Fe xO yWe can obtain TiO easily from figure 2-Fe xO yCompound has been attached to the surface of recessed soil, in compound along with TiO 2Ratio increases, TiO 2The peak in compound, fully displayed, illustrate that the catalyst of different proportionings has different activity.
Fig. 2 is ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO y-0.5 saturation magnetization curve.As can be seen from the figure, ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO y-0.5 compound has certain magnetic, and its magnetic susceptibility is 4.68 emu/g, and coercivity is 30.98 Oe.Although the magnetic of the recessed soil of magnetic is more weak, such magnetic has been enough to make the recessed soil of magnetic more easily to separate with the effect system, is easy to reclaim.
Fig. 3 is different proportioning ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yThe photocatalysis effect.As can be seen:
1) along with the increase of photocatalytic degradation time, the absorbance of methyl orange is non-linear and reduces.
2) oxide of different proportionings coats product to the degradation performance of Methyl orange difference, in the different proportionings of iron and titanium, when r=0-0.5, along with increasing of the amount of titanium, the trend that the effect of catalysis becomes to rise is when r=0.5-1, along with increasing of the amount of titanium, the effect of catalysis becomes downward trend.And when r=0.5, ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yDemonstrate best catalytic performance, the degradation rate of methyl orange reaches 94.13 % behind light degradation 180 min.

Claims (3)

1. the preparation method of visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst is characterized in that this preparation method may further comprise the steps:
A) preparation of the recessed native suspension of rich sodium: attapulgite is dispersed in the NaCl solution of 1.0 mol/L of 10 times of amounts, 2.5 h are stirred in 30 ℃ water bath with thermostatic control, spend deionised water, filter, oven dry is ground, powder after will grinding again is dispersed in the deionized water that 40-50 doubly measures, and the recessed native suspension of rich sodium is made in ultrasonic dispersion;
B) ATT-BiOX or ATT-TiO 2Semi-finished product preparation: with Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The acid solution of O slowly is added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension of rich sodium, do not stop to stir, and then slowly drip the halogen inorganic salt solution, and stir 30 min after adding again, regulate pH value=6-7 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir 4-8 h, a still aging night, suction filtration, 60-100 ℃ of drying, put into a Muffle furnace 100-350 ℃ roasting after the grinding and remove organic matter and the crystallization water, get the ATT-BiOX semi-finished product; Or metatitanic acid four fourth fat slowly are added drop-wise in the recessed native suspension of rich sodium, stir 4-8 h after adding again, a still aging night, suction filtration, 60-100 ℃ of drying put into a Muffle furnace 100-350 ℃ roasting and removed organic matter and the crystallization water after the grinding, get ATT-TiO 2Semi-finished product;
C) ATT-BiOX-Fe xO yOr ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite photo-catalyst preparation: with ATT-BiOX or the ATT-TiO of step b) 2Semi-finished product are suspended in the 160 ml iron content ion solution, and 70 ℃ of stirring in water bath 0.5 h regulate pH value to 10.5 ~ 11 with concentrated ammonia liquor, stir again behind 1 h in 70 ℃ of water-bath ageing 2 h, suction filtration, 60-100 ℃ of drying, 100-350 ℃ of calcining 4 h get ATT-BiOX-Fe xO yOr ATT-TiO 2-Fe xO yComposite photo-catalyst.
2. the preparation method of visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The acid solution of O is the acid solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2H in O and the acid +The amount of substance ratio be: 1:1; The halogen inorganic salts are HCl, ammonium bromide, KI, and the amount of substance concentration of halogen inorganic salt solution is 2 molL -1, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The amount of substance ratio of O and halogen inorganic salt solution is: 1:2, Bi (NO 3) 35H 2The mass ratio of O or metatitanic acid four fourth fat and attapulgite is: 1:1.03.
3. the preparation method of visible light-responded magnetic divergence type attapulgite base composite photocatalyst according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step c) in the solution of iron ion, and Fe 3+And Fe 2+Volume ratio be: 5:3, c=0.04 mol/L; Amount of substance is than being r=n in the step c) Ti/ (n Ti+ n Bi)=0.0-1.0; R=n Ti/ (n Fe+ n Ti)=0.0-1.0.
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CN104128182A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-11-05 河海大学 Novel TiO2 bentonite composite material and preparation method thereof
CN107754823A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-03-06 南通科技职业学院 Bi/BiOI/Fe3O4/ attapulgite clay can Magneto separate visible light catalytic material preparation method
CN107774260A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-03-09 南通科技职业学院 TiO capable of magnetic separating2/Fe3O4The preparation method of/attapulgite clay adsorption photochemical catalysis material
CN111921544A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-13 盐城工学院 Bismuth oxyhalide/indium sulfide composite photocatalytic material and application thereof

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104128182A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-11-05 河海大学 Novel TiO2 bentonite composite material and preparation method thereof
CN107754823A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-03-06 南通科技职业学院 Bi/BiOI/Fe3O4/ attapulgite clay can Magneto separate visible light catalytic material preparation method
CN107774260A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-03-09 南通科技职业学院 TiO capable of magnetic separating2/Fe3O4The preparation method of/attapulgite clay adsorption photochemical catalysis material
CN111921544A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-13 盐城工学院 Bismuth oxyhalide/indium sulfide composite photocatalytic material and application thereof

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