Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for solve that the existing red plum propagation by grafiting life-span is short in the prior art, survival rate is low problem, it is good to the present invention proposes a kind of reproductive effect, with low cost, the abundant green plum that utilizes of rootstock resource is made the red plum propagation by grafiting method of stock.
Technical scheme: to achieve these objectives, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: 10-15d cuts off top apart from ground 4-6cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before grafting, and the preceding stock of 2-4d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, and is coated with consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2-3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1-2cm, scion length is 4-6cm, and the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with wet cloth wrapping, is carried out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 10-15min;
(3) grafting operation: choose position, angular distribution uniform 3-5 place at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) processing is inserted in the stock otch, anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20-25d and is removed;
(4) rich water quality management: annual fertilising twice, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-8kg before blooming for the first time, for the second time every tree applied nitrogen 5-8kg before going into the winter; In the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Diligent weeding prevents damage by disease and insect.
For trees surviving rate after making grafting is higher, grafting season is September-November.
More preferred, the green plum tree described in the step (1) is the green plum tree of diameter 20-40cm.
After be promoting grafting grow with the healing of scion in the stock cross section, and the consolidant described in the step (1) is that to have added 10-20% concentration in the common plant consolidant be the methyl of 250ppm.
Further, the branch described in the step (2) picks up from peripheral top, the comparatively full stalwartness of branch herein of tree crown on the red plum elite stand.
Be beneficial to the growth of trees after the grafting, the temperature of the operation of grafting described in the step (3) is 15-25 ℃.
Beneficial effect: a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock provided by the invention, chosen cheap, output is abundant and be used as the green plum of discarded object as stock by the peasant usually, proposed from the preliminary treatment of green plum stock, the processing of scion is to a whole set of red plum grafting method of grafting operation and later stage rich water quality management, guaranteed the perfect adaptation between the stock and scion in the propagation by grafiting operating process, the preliminary treatment of stock and scion has increased survival rate and the life-span of trees, the rich water quality management of later stage different times also guaranteed in the red plum process of growth fertilizer efficiency foot and only, shortened the growth cycle of red Japanese apricot wood, guarantee arboreal growth and the quality of blooming, strengthened the resistance against diseases of plant.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting higher, select season at the beginning of 9 months, selecting diameter is the green plum tree of 20cm, 10d cuts off top apart from ground 4cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before the grafting, the preceding stock of 2d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, be promoting the healing growth in stock cross section and scion after the grafting, is that the methyl pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared with interpolation 10% concentration in the common plant consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, branch picks up from place, the peripheral top of tree crown, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1cm, scion length is 4cm, the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with is wrapped up with wet cloth, carry out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 10min, to guarantee the moisture abundance of scion in the grafting operating process;
(3) grafting operation: be to carry out the grafting operation under 15 ℃ of environment in temperature, more be conducive to the survival of engration, choose position, uniform 3 place of angular distribution at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) is handled inserts in the stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20d and is removed, and can effectively improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: twice of annual fertilising, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5kg before blooming for the first time, improve the quality of blooming, promote the growth of trees in spring, the second time is every tree applied nitrogen 5kg before going into the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Also in time water in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, influence it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding regularly weeds out the rank grass and can avoid nutrient and water to be fought for by weeds, prevents damage by disease and insect, to guarantee the healthy growth of trees.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting higher, select season at the beginning of 10 months, selecting diameter is the green plum tree of 40cm, 15d cuts off top apart from ground 6cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before the grafting, the preceding stock of 4d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, be promoting the healing growth in stock cross section and scion after the grafting, is that the methyl pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared with interpolation 20% concentration in the common plant consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, branch picks up from place, the peripheral top of tree crown, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2cm, scion length is 6cm, the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with is wrapped up with wet cloth, carry out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 15min, to guarantee the moisture abundance of scion in the grafting operating process;
(3) grafting operation: be to carry out the grafting operation under 25 ℃ of environment in temperature, more be conducive to the survival of engration, choose position, uniform 5 place of angular distribution at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) is handled inserts in the stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 25d and is removed, and can effectively improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: twice of annual fertilising, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 8kg before blooming for the first time, improve the quality of blooming, promote the growth of trees in spring, the second time is every tree applied nitrogen 8kg before going into the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Also in time water in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, influence it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding regularly weeds out the rank grass and can avoid nutrient and water to be fought for by weeds, prevents damage by disease and insect, to guarantee the healthy growth of trees.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting higher, select season at the beginning of 11 months, selecting diameter is the green plum tree of 30cm, 12d cuts off top apart from ground 5cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before the grafting, the preceding stock of 3d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, be promoting the healing growth in stock cross section and scion after the grafting, is that the methyl pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared with interpolation 15% concentration in the common plant consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, branch picks up from place, the peripheral top of tree crown, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2.5cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1.5cm, scion length is 5cm, the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with is wrapped up with wet cloth, carry out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 13min, to guarantee the moisture abundance of scion in the grafting operating process;
(3) grafting operation: be to carry out the grafting operation under 20 ℃ of environment in temperature, more be conducive to the survival of engration, choose position, uniform 4 place of angular distribution at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) is handled inserts in the stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20d and is removed, and can effectively improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: twice of annual fertilising, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 6kg before blooming for the first time, improve the quality of blooming, promote the growth of trees in spring, the second time is every tree applied nitrogen 6kg before going into the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Also in time water in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, influence it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding regularly weeds out the rank grass and can avoid nutrient and water to be fought for by weeds, prevents damage by disease and insect, to guarantee the healthy growth of trees.
Use a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock of the present invention, than the common grafting method, trees surviving rate has improved 7.5-12.3%, growth cycle has also shortened 8.5-10.5%, and red plum grow prolifically after the grafting, flower is fertile, has also improved the value of the cheap green plum of inherent value, for the peasant has brought wealth, practical.
Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make some improvement, these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.