CN103283499A - Red plum graft propagation method by using green plums as rootstocks - Google Patents
Red plum graft propagation method by using green plums as rootstocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN103283499A CN103283499A CN2013102132640A CN201310213264A CN103283499A CN 103283499 A CN103283499 A CN 103283499A CN 2013102132640 A CN2013102132640 A CN 2013102132640A CN 201310213264 A CN201310213264 A CN 201310213264A CN 103283499 A CN103283499 A CN 103283499A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red plum graft propagation method by using green plums as rootstocks. The red plum graft propagation method includes: selecting the green plums which are low in price, abundant in output and usually taken as waste by farmers as the rootstocks, subjecting the green plum rootstocks to pretreatment, scion treatment and grafting, and managing nutrient and water in later stages. By the aid of the red plum graft propagation method, perfect combination between the rootstocks and scions during graft propagation operation is guaranteed, survival rate of trees is increased while life time of the trees is prolonged by the aid of the pretreatment of the rootstocks and the scions, fertilizer efficiency of red plums is guaranteed to be sufficient rather than excessive by the aid of nutrient and water management in different periods in the later stages, growth cycle of red plum trees is shortened, growing quality and blooming quality of the trees are guaranteed, and disease resistance of plants is strengthened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique of trees, especially relate to a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock.
Background technology
Red plum, defoliation small arbor, the rose family, Prunus, the about 10m of plant height, the dried brown purple that is, flower takes on a red color or pale pink, fragrance, 5 pieces on petal, has very high ornamental value, add that its growth cycle is longer, therefore the price of red Japanese apricot is also higher, utilizes wild peach at present, Japanese plum, seeds such as apricot carry out the method for propagation by grafiting as stock, but a little less than existence or the resistance, life-span is short, growth is slow or survival rate is not high or the grafting cost than problems such as height, and the growth cycle of green plum is lacked half than red plum, and price is lower, and stock belongs to the plum anvil, the a large amount of green plum tree in a lot of areas is all burnt by peasant household's felling because of no value, has wasted good red plum graft stock resource.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for solve that the existing red plum propagation by grafiting life-span is short in the prior art, survival rate is low problem, it is good to the present invention proposes a kind of reproductive effect, with low cost, the abundant green plum that utilizes of rootstock resource is made the red plum propagation by grafiting method of stock.
Technical scheme: to achieve these objectives, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: 10-15d cuts off top apart from ground 4-6cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before grafting, and the preceding stock of 2-4d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, and is coated with consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2-3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1-2cm, scion length is 4-6cm, and the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with wet cloth wrapping, is carried out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 10-15min;
(3) grafting operation: choose position, angular distribution uniform 3-5 place at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) processing is inserted in the stock otch, anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20-25d and is removed;
(4) rich water quality management: annual fertilising twice, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-8kg before blooming for the first time, for the second time every tree applied nitrogen 5-8kg before going into the winter; In the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Diligent weeding prevents damage by disease and insect.
For trees surviving rate after making grafting is higher, grafting season is September-November.
More preferred, the green plum tree described in the step (1) is the green plum tree of diameter 20-40cm.
After be promoting grafting grow with the healing of scion in the stock cross section, and the consolidant described in the step (1) is that to have added 10-20% concentration in the common plant consolidant be the methyl of 250ppm.
Further, the branch described in the step (2) picks up from peripheral top, the comparatively full stalwartness of branch herein of tree crown on the red plum elite stand.
Be beneficial to the growth of trees after the grafting, the temperature of the operation of grafting described in the step (3) is 15-25 ℃.
Beneficial effect: a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock provided by the invention, chosen cheap, output is abundant and be used as the green plum of discarded object as stock by the peasant usually, proposed from the preliminary treatment of green plum stock, the processing of scion is to a whole set of red plum grafting method of grafting operation and later stage rich water quality management, guaranteed the perfect adaptation between the stock and scion in the propagation by grafiting operating process, the preliminary treatment of stock and scion has increased survival rate and the life-span of trees, the rich water quality management of later stage different times also guaranteed in the red plum process of growth fertilizer efficiency foot and only, shortened the growth cycle of red Japanese apricot wood, guarantee arboreal growth and the quality of blooming, strengthened the resistance against diseases of plant.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting higher, select season at the beginning of 9 months, selecting diameter is the green plum tree of 20cm, 10d cuts off top apart from ground 4cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before the grafting, the preceding stock of 2d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, be promoting the healing growth in stock cross section and scion after the grafting, is that the methyl pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared with interpolation 10% concentration in the common plant consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, branch picks up from place, the peripheral top of tree crown, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1cm, scion length is 4cm, the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with is wrapped up with wet cloth, carry out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 10min, to guarantee the moisture abundance of scion in the grafting operating process;
(3) grafting operation: be to carry out the grafting operation under 15 ℃ of environment in temperature, more be conducive to the survival of engration, choose position, uniform 3 place of angular distribution at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) is handled inserts in the stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20d and is removed, and can effectively improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: twice of annual fertilising, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5kg before blooming for the first time, improve the quality of blooming, promote the growth of trees in spring, the second time is every tree applied nitrogen 5kg before going into the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Also in time water in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, influence it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding regularly weeds out the rank grass and can avoid nutrient and water to be fought for by weeds, prevents damage by disease and insect, to guarantee the healthy growth of trees.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting higher, select season at the beginning of 10 months, selecting diameter is the green plum tree of 40cm, 15d cuts off top apart from ground 6cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before the grafting, the preceding stock of 4d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, be promoting the healing growth in stock cross section and scion after the grafting, is that the methyl pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared with interpolation 20% concentration in the common plant consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, branch picks up from place, the peripheral top of tree crown, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2cm, scion length is 6cm, the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with is wrapped up with wet cloth, carry out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 15min, to guarantee the moisture abundance of scion in the grafting operating process;
(3) grafting operation: be to carry out the grafting operation under 25 ℃ of environment in temperature, more be conducive to the survival of engration, choose position, uniform 5 place of angular distribution at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) is handled inserts in the stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 25d and is removed, and can effectively improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: twice of annual fertilising, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 8kg before blooming for the first time, improve the quality of blooming, promote the growth of trees in spring, the second time is every tree applied nitrogen 8kg before going into the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Also in time water in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, influence it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding regularly weeds out the rank grass and can avoid nutrient and water to be fought for by weeds, prevents damage by disease and insect, to guarantee the healthy growth of trees.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: for trees surviving rate after making grafting higher, select season at the beginning of 11 months, selecting diameter is the green plum tree of 30cm, 12d cuts off top apart from ground 5cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before the grafting, the preceding stock of 3d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, be promoting the healing growth in stock cross section and scion after the grafting, is that the methyl pair cross-section of 250ppm is smeared with interpolation 15% concentration in the common plant consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, branch picks up from place, the peripheral top of tree crown, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2.5cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1.5cm, scion length is 5cm, the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with is wrapped up with wet cloth, carry out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 13min, to guarantee the moisture abundance of scion in the grafting operating process;
(3) grafting operation: be to carry out the grafting operation under 20 ℃ of environment in temperature, more be conducive to the survival of engration, choose position, uniform 4 place of angular distribution at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) is handled inserts in the stock otch, and anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20d and is removed, and can effectively improve the survival rate of trees;
(4) rich water quality management: twice of annual fertilising, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 6kg before blooming for the first time, improve the quality of blooming, promote the growth of trees in spring, the second time is every tree applied nitrogen 6kg before going into the winter, improve soil activation and fertilizer efficiency, in the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Also in time water in the arid epoch in rainy season, avoid water deficit in a plant, influence it and nourish and grow; Diligent weeding regularly weeds out the rank grass and can avoid nutrient and water to be fought for by weeds, prevents damage by disease and insect, to guarantee the healthy growth of trees.
Use a kind of red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock of the present invention, than the common grafting method, trees surviving rate has improved 7.5-12.3%, growth cycle has also shortened 8.5-10.5%, and red plum grow prolifically after the grafting, flower is fertile, has also improved the value of the cheap green plum of inherent value, for the peasant has brought wealth, practical.
Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make some improvement, these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment of green plum stock: 10-15d cuts off top apart from ground 4-6cm place in the green plum tree for the treatment of grafting before grafting, and the preceding stock of 2-4d of grafting waters water treatment and pair cross-section carries out disinfection, and is coated with consolidant, makes stand-by stock;
(2) scion collection and processing: the red plum of gathering suitable local cultivation becomes the healthy and strong branch of annual no damage by disease and insect on the elite stand in age, cut off blade, get the branch mid portion, one wears xylem is whittled into the big inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 2-3cm, another side is whittled into the little inclined-plane that long limit diameter is 1-2cm, scion length is 4-6cm, and the scion branch two sections of finishing dealing with wet cloth wrapping, is carried out the grafting operation after leaving standstill 10-15min;
(3) grafting operation: choose position, angular distribution uniform 3-5 place at stock, anyhow be cut into " ten " notched cut, reach xylem deeply, the big inclined-plane of scion after step (2) processing is inserted in the stock otch, anvil fringe bevel is combined closely, wrap up closely and seal the little inclined-plane of scion with film tape, the back of germinateing is removed partly wrapping and is exposed the bud head; Grafting is finished the unnecessary skirt branch that the stock bottom is grown behind the 20-25d and is removed;
(4) rich water quality management: annual fertilising twice, every tree is used nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-8kg before blooming for the first time, for the second time every tree applied nitrogen 5-8kg before going into the winter; In the cultivation process, the management of watering is as the criterion to keep ground moistening not have ponding; Diligent weeding prevents damage by disease and insect.
2. the red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: grafting season is September-November.
3. the red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the green plum tree described in the step (1) is the green plum tree of diameter 20-40cm.
4. the red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the consolidant described in the step (1) is that to have added 10-20% concentration in the common plant consolidant be the methyl of 250ppm.
5. the red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the branch described in the step (2) picks up from the peripheral top of tree crown on the red plum elite stand.
6. the red plum propagation by grafiting method of utilizing green plum to make stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the temperature of the operation of grafting described in the step (3) is 15-25 ℃.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663256A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-03 | 王庆忠 | Asexual artificial propagation method for heterogeneous plants |
| CN105265189A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-27 | 湖南省茶叶研究所 | Method for rapidly propagating cleft-graft plants |
| CN105815122A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-03 | 旌德县隐龙梅园生态农场 | Method for grafting and seedling red plum |
| CN106258502A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-01-04 | 蒋寿春 | A kind of hickory grafting method |
| CN107041241A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-15 | 和县赭洛山茶叶种植专业合作社 | A kind of weeping branch plum bud connects cultural method |
| CN107223520A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-03 | 合肥申沃园艺有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of red plum potted landscape by stub of pear tree |
-
2013
- 2013-05-30 CN CN201310213264.0A patent/CN103283499B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 张加正等: "梅花嫁接繁殖技术", 《浙江农业科学》 * |
| 晏晓兰等: "《中国梅花栽培与鉴赏》", 31 December 2002, 金盾出版社 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663256A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-03 | 王庆忠 | Asexual artificial propagation method for heterogeneous plants |
| CN106258502A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-01-04 | 蒋寿春 | A kind of hickory grafting method |
| CN105265189A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-27 | 湖南省茶叶研究所 | Method for rapidly propagating cleft-graft plants |
| CN105815122A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-03 | 旌德县隐龙梅园生态农场 | Method for grafting and seedling red plum |
| CN107041241A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-08-15 | 和县赭洛山茶叶种植专业合作社 | A kind of weeping branch plum bud connects cultural method |
| CN107223520A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-10-03 | 合肥申沃园艺有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of red plum potted landscape by stub of pear tree |
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