CN103262257B - 可重复剥除的光伏器件涂层 - Google Patents
可重复剥除的光伏器件涂层 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103262257B CN103262257B CN201180060075.3A CN201180060075A CN103262257B CN 103262257 B CN103262257 B CN 103262257B CN 201180060075 A CN201180060075 A CN 201180060075A CN 103262257 B CN103262257 B CN 103262257B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- photovoltaic module
- acid
- polymer
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 15
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 alkyl (methyl) acrylamide Chemical compound 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940071566 zinc glycinate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JWDHKQDZLSVBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;carbonic acid;zinc Chemical compound N.[Zn].OC(O)=O JWDHKQDZLSVBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLCAYQIMSMPEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C(C)O VLCAYQIMSMPEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-aminoacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NCC([O-])=O.NCC([O-])=O UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IBDVWXAVKPRHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl 3-oxobutanoate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C IBDVWXAVKPRHCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUAURMBNZUCEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 ZUAURMBNZUCEAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTACSIONMHMRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)ethylsulfanyl]-2,6-difluorophenoxy]acetamide Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OCC(=O)N)=C(F)C=C1SCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GTACSIONMHMRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOKVYZPDWVEQED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetic acid;cadmium Chemical compound [Cd].NCC(O)=O WOKVYZPDWVEQED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCNC1=O MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003445 Ascites Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710130081 Aspergillopepsin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAGBEWQGHCDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M C([O-])([O-])=O.[NH4+].[Zr+] Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[NH4+].[Zr+] WRAGBEWQGHCDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PHJZTYNBFPIINN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(=O)O)=C.[P] Chemical compound CC(C(=O)O)=C.[P] PHJZTYNBFPIINN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031007 Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282894 Sus scrofa domesticus Species 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NYAWADGYOWCCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Zr] Chemical compound [Na].[Zr] NYAWADGYOWCCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MPMBRWOOISTHJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium acetate Chemical compound [Cd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000011 cadmium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKDXQAKPHKQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GKDXQAKPHKQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007593 dry painting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OC=C TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-amino-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)OCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N isocrotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C/C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFQNOJLZSLCZTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hydroxy-n,2-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(O)C(=O)C(C)=C VFQNOJLZSLCZTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000646 scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048842 sodium xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibenzoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
Abstract
提供了用于保护光伏模块的方法,所述方法包括向所述光伏模块的外部向阳层施加涂层,使所述光伏模块运行,从所述光伏模块去除所述涂层,以及向所述光伏模块重新施加所述涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可具体用于光伏模块的涂层,更具体来说,涉及用于光伏模块的可重复剥除(restrippable)的涂层。
背景技术
用于减少光伏模块的外部向阳层与其环境之间的折射率差的永久性涂层是公知的。然而,在运行中,永久性涂层具有某些缺点。首先,在装置的通常为多年量级的使用寿命中,涂层必须保持完整并且没有污染或变黄。其次,所有光伏模块最终在其外部吸引灰尘、土膜和其他环境碎屑。因此,必须对光伏模块进行清洁。正如本领域技术人员可以认识到的,相对低的光伏模块效率意味着由光伏模块的污染或未能将光伏模块清洁至其原始状态,导致效率的实质性损失。
因此,所需要的是提供更容易清洁和任选的抗反射性质的涂层。
发明详述
本申请人通过发现适合于光伏模块的外部向阳层的涂层,有利地解决了上述需要,所述涂层能够被去除并重新施加,即它们是可重复剥除的。任选地,所述涂层可以减小光伏模块与其环境之间的折射率差。任选地,所述涂层是自剥除的。
在一种实施方式中,本发明提供了用于保护光伏模块的方法,所述方法包括向所述光伏模块的外部向阳层施加涂层,使所述光伏模块运行,从所述光伏模块去除所述涂层,并向所述光伏模块重新施加所述涂层。换句话说,本发明提供了用于光伏模块的可重复剥除的涂层。
“光伏模块”是将光转变成能量的任何电子器件。在一种实施方式中,光伏模块具有至少1.0ft2、优选地至少5.0ft2、更优选地至少10ft2的外表面积,应该理解,上限由光伏模块的制造标准所限制。在一种实施方式中,光伏模块是尺寸足以在标准日光照射下产生至少100峰瓦的太阳能板。
在一种实施方式中,可重复剥除的涂层是透明的水性丙烯酸类组合物,其含有高度亲水性加成共聚物、与水混溶的有机聚结剂或增塑剂,以及作为任选组分的多价金属化合物、流变改性剂、碱溶性树脂和蜡,含有或不含蜡溶性树脂,以及任选的硅烷偶联剂,此外还任选含有降低反射的材料。
这样的组合物,当与期望的添加剂例如润湿剂和流平剂配制并调整到7.0至约10或更高的最终碱性pH时,在施加到基材之后,干燥以形成透明至漫射涂层。此外,使用碱或去污剂溶液容易进行这些涂层的去除。
任选地,本发明的组合物含有抗反射组分,例如交联或未交联的、单阶段或多阶段的、具有梯度折射率或单一折射率的能够降低光泽度的0.5-20μm的粒子,例如在US7829626、US7768602、US4403003中所公开的,所述文献在此以其全文通过引用并入本文。
在一种实施方式中,丙烯酸类组合物是基于具有一定平均分子量(5,000<Mw<10,000,000)、适度酸官能化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯或苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的聚合物,所述乳液被优化以提供透明薄膜、防污性,并且非常易于去除,具有足够的耐久性以抵抗风化损伤。当在本文中使用时,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸类”是指丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类,“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。术语“(甲基)丙烯酰胺”是指丙烯酰胺(AM)或(甲基)丙烯酰胺(MAM)。“丙烯酸类单体”包括丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、AA和MAA的酯、衣康酸(IA)、巴豆酸(CA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)以及AM和MAM的衍生物,例如烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。AA和MAA的酯包括但不限于烷基、羟基烷基、磷烷基(phosphoalkyl)和磺烷基酯,例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)、丙烯酸羟丁酯(HBA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(EHA)、甲基丙烯酸环己酯(CHMA)、丙烯酸苄酯(BzA)和甲基丙烯酸磷烷基酯(例如PEM)。本发明的聚合物组合物可以含有交联剂,例如交联的单体。它们是在形成聚合物的反应过程中,能够形成聚合物分子的共价或其他永久***联的多官能单体,或者它们能够在预先形成的聚合物乳液中或其上反应,以在聚合薄膜形成之前形成交联。有用的共价交联单体的实例包括丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、二甲基丙烯酸丁二酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、二乙烯苯、二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯、羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯。该列举是示例性的,其他试剂、交联单体和在薄膜形成之前在乳液聚合物中产生分子间交联的交联反应流程,显然在本发明的范围之内。
“苯乙烯类单体”包括苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯,2-、3-或4-烷基苯乙烯包括甲基-和乙基-苯乙烯。
在一种实施方式中,酸官能团可以与锌(ZnO或碳酸氢锌铵(Zinc ammoniumbicarbonate))反应以交联薄膜并提供附加的耐久性和可去除性。正如可以认识到的,聚合物骨架中的酸官能团提供了改进的粒径控制、乳液稳定性和薄膜更高的亲水特点(用于提高耐受性质),并提高薄膜对用于去除涂层薄膜的碱溶液的敏感性。聚合物骨架中的酸官能团还引起对用于清洁太阳能板的碱溶液的不良耐受性,除非所述酸以交联复合物的形式被束缚。
或者,也可以考虑其他交联方法,例如可以使用包括钙和镁的其他多价金属阳离子。这些交联通过增加聚合物的分子量而提高涂层耐久性,并实际上增加了任何残留的未交联的酸对胺盐溶胀的敏感性(从而提高了使用含胺剥除剂制剂时的薄膜可去除性)。
在制备水不溶性加成共聚物中可以以高达总单体的50%的量使用的任选单烯属不饱和单体,包括具有H2C=C-基团的单体例如单乙烯基芳族化合物苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯(间位、邻位或对位),以及丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯或偏氯乙烯。这样的单体可能影响粘度,但是一般不影响光泽度或分子量,因此它们不是必需的。由于最终制剂的pH为碱性并且通常超过7.5,乙烯基酯单元的可能的水解被降至最低。术语“乙烯基单体”是指含有与杂原子例如氮或氧相连的碳-碳双键的单体。乙烯基单体的实例包括但不限于乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基甲酰胺、乙烯基乙酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基己内酯和乙烯基长链烷酸酯例如新癸酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯。
如果在涂层制剂中使用,多价金属化合物可以是金属配合物或金属螯合物。多价金属离子可以是铍、镉、铜、钙、镁、锌、锆、钡、锶、铝、铋、锑、铅、钴、铁、镍或可以利用在水中具有可观溶解性例如至少约1重量%的氧化物、氢氧化物或碱性、酸性或中性盐而添加到组合物的任何其他多价金属的离子。多价金属和阴离子的选择由得到的金属配合物的溶解性控制,以确保最终配制的涂层的足够的澄清度。锌、镉、锆、钙和镁是特别优选的多价金属离子。锌、镉和锆金属的氨和胺配合物(以及特别是与NH3配位的配合物)是特别有用的。能够如此配合的胺类包括吗啉、单乙醇胺、二乙基氨基乙醇和乙二胺。也可以使用能够在碱性pH范围内溶解的有机酸的多价金属配合物(盐类)。这样的阴离子诸如乙酸根、谷氨酸根、甲酸根、碳酸根、水杨酸根、乙醇酸根、辛酸根、苯甲酸根、葡萄糖酸根、草酸根和乳酸根是令人满意的。也可以使用其中配体是二齿氨基酸例如甘氨酸或丙氨酸的多价金属螯合物。多价金属化合物必须使得金属可用于起到其交联功能,即它可以解离以形成多价含金属离子。
优选的多价金属化合物、配合物和螯合物包括乙酸锌、碳酸锆铵、锆酸四丁酯、乳酸钠锆、乙酸镉、甘氨酸锌、甘氨酸镉、碳酸锌、碳酸镉、苯甲酸锌、水杨酸锌、乙醇酸锌和乙醇酸镉。尽管多价金属化合物可以以干燥形式例如粉末添加到涂层组合物,但优选地首先使用挥发性配体例如氨溶解多价金属化合物。出于本发明的目的,如果配体的至少一部分在正常成膜条件下倾向于挥发,所述配体被认为是挥发性的。由于氨可以与多价金属化合物配合,因此化合物例如甘氨酸锌当溶解在稀氨水溶液中时,可以被称为甘氨酸锌胺。
如果使用,多价金属化合物的使用量使得多价金属与加成聚合物的聚合物酸官能团之比在约0.05至0.5、优选地约0.2至0.3范围内变化。这被表示成金属例如Zn++与--COOH或--COONH4基团的比率,0.5的比率是化学定量的。
在一种实施方式中,可重复剥除的涂层是pH为7.0至9.6的水性涂层组合物,其以重量百分数计包含:
a)约1至20%的碱溶性加成聚合物,其包含:
i)约10至25%的选自(甲基)丙烯酸、衣康酸和马来酸的至少一种亲水性单体的重复单元;
ii)约60至75%的选自丙烯酸烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的至少一种疏水性单体,其中烷基具有1至8个碳原子;以及
iii)15至25%的选自苯乙烯和单烷基苯乙烯的至少一种疏水性单体的重复单元,其中烷基具有1至6个碳原子;
b)约1至13%的苯乙烯和丙烯酸的碱溶性共聚物,其具有约2∶1至约3∶1的苯乙烯-丙烯酸比率、约8000的重均分子量和约210的酸值;
c)约1至15%的挥发性溶剂;
d)约1至3%的永久增塑剂;
e)约0.01至0.05重量%的非离子型或阴离子型氟烃表面活性剂;
h)约0.0003至0.003重量%的消泡剂,以及
i)足够的水,以使组合物具有约5至50重量%的非挥发性固形物总含量。
任选地,还包含0.5-20μm的球形抗反射粒子或其他抗反射组合物。
任选地,硅烷偶联剂或其他粘合促进剂。
在另一种实施方式中,可重复剥除的涂层是pH为7.0至9.6的水性涂层组合物,其以重量百分数计包含:
a)相对于成膜聚合物,以干重计约0至70%的0.5-20μm的球形聚合物粒子;
b)约0-5%的疏水性流变改性剂;
c)约0-5%的碱溶性增稠剂;
d)如果存在a),那么约0.1-0.8%的粘土增稠剂(例如膨润土或锂皂石(Laponite));
e)约0-40%的聚结溶剂;
f)约0-2.5%的硅烷偶联剂;以及
g)足够的水,以使组合物具有约5至50重量%的非挥发性固形物总含量。
当在板上涂层时,本发明的组合物提供略微不透明/漫射的涂层。在向基材施用后,它在正常湿度和温度条件下在20-30分钟内干燥成保护基材外观的薄的保护膜。用组合物涂层的基材提供了对抗沾污的出色保护,并极大改进抗反射性质(当含有抗反射材料时)。组合物同时清洁太阳能板并恢复太阳能板的抗反射性质,并且涂层可以使用常用的氨/胺清洁溶液容易地去除。组合物在储存期间常遇到的温度和湿度条件下具有良好的储存稳定性。优选地,包含本发明的薄膜通过将本发明的水性乳液涂布在光伏模块的外部向阳层上并使涂层干燥来产生。湿的涂层具有10至250μm、优选20至150μm、优选40至100μm的厚度。
本发明的另一种实施方式是用于施加到光伏模块表面的自剥除水性涂层组合物,其被设计以同时分散之前沉积的干燥涂层组合物和用新涂层替换干燥的组合物,其包含具有低分子量(5,000-100,000之间)和高酸值(100-230)的碱溶性聚合物与氨水(或胺)的溶液,所述氨水(或胺)的浓度足以提供高于7.0并低于约9.5的pH。酸值被表示成每克聚合物的氢氧化钾毫克数:酸值(mg KOH/克聚合物)=(VxNx56.1)/P,其中V=聚合物滴定所需的氢氧化钾溶液的毫升数,N=氢氧化钾溶液的当量浓度,P=所使用的聚合物的克数。在涂层组合物中可以使用溶剂、流平剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂和蜡的水分散体以及常规添加剂和任选的抗反射组合物。此外,根据需要,可以在组合物中使用提供自剥除性质的金属-配体配合物。将这样的组合物施加到光伏模块的外部向阳层上并使其干燥。
在另一种实施方式中,重复剥除的涂层包含聚氨酯分散体,其应力模量对温度曲线的斜率为约-0.50x106至约-3.00x106达因每(cm2)(℃)。特别优选的分散体是在US 2008/0096995(US申请系列号11/665,119)中所描述的聚氨酯分散体,所述申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。这些基于天然油类多元醇的聚氨酯具有许多优点,包括可持续性,因为异氰酸酯反应性材料包括至少一种源自于脂肪酸的含有羟甲基的聚酯多元醇。所使用的脂肪酸可以来自于大量脂肪,例如低芥酸菜籽油、柑橘籽油、可可脂、玉米油、棉籽油、亚麻籽油、橄榄油、棕榈油、花生油、菜籽油、米糠油、红花油、芝麻油、大豆油、葵花籽油、猪油、鸡油或牛脂。不受理论限制,聚氨酯分散体所提供的独特功能性据信可归因于聚氨酯分散体中所存在的最适交联范围,其中当从它们形成薄膜时提供了耐久性,但所述耐久性没有高到阻止由聚合物官能团与剥除剂溶液的相互作用所产生的溶胀力破坏薄膜完整性以及被容易地去除的程度。应该理解,本发明的精神包括调节交联的量。例如,增加交联能够提高干燥涂层组合物的拉伸强度,提高耐久性和耐去污剂性。另一方面,降低交联能够提高可去除性。因此,可以对具体应用进行平衡。正如上面提到的,交联的产生范围与涂层的可去除性相关。在一种实施方式中,可用于本发明的聚氨酯分散体的应力模量对温度曲线的斜率的优选范围为约-0.50x106至约-3.00x106达因每(cm2)(℃),更优选约-1.00x106至约-2.75x106、更优选约-1.50x106至约-2.50x106、更优选约-1.65x106至约-2.40x106、最优选约-1.80x106至约-2.30x106。在一种实施方式中,优选的可去除聚氨酯分散体为34.6%聚合物固形物的聚氨酯分散体,其pH为9.2,不含锌并且不含烷基酚乙氧基化物(“APEO”)表面活性剂。另一种优选的可去除聚氨酯分散体是35.9%聚合物固形物的聚氨酯分散体,其pH为9.4,不含锌并且不含APEO表面活性剂。将可重复剥除的涂层施加到光伏模块的外部向阳层上并使其干燥。
实施例
下面的实施例仅出于说明性目的,不打算限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:成膜聚合物
表1
在装备有搅拌器和冷凝器的反应器中装入1035g去离子水。将氮气通过水鼓泡30分钟。然后将反应器用氮气保护并装入混合物A。保持反应器混合物温度低于20℃,向反应器快速并连续加入混合物B、C和D。在10分钟内,温度随着聚合反应开始而升高,峰值在70℃左右。在峰值温度后10分钟,加入混合物E,随后加入混合物F。使反应器中的材料冷却至60℃,加入混合物G,随后加入混合物H和L。5分钟后,在30分钟内将混合物J和K分开计量加入反应器,同时将批料冷却。然后加入中和剂以部分中和聚合的酸,然后将聚合物样品通过100目筛网过滤以除去凝结物。
使用差示扫描量热术,以10℃/min的加热速率,测量该聚合物的初始玻璃化转变温度为-41.3℃。
实施例2:成膜聚合物
按照实施例1的步骤制备如下混合物:
表2
实施例3:乳液聚合物种子的合成
制备例3A
本实施例示例了在作为本发明的优选抗反射组合物的核/壳粒子的制备中使用的乳液聚合物的制备。除非另有指明,否则术语“装入”或“加入”是指立即添加所有混合物。制备了如下混合物:
表3
在装备有搅拌器和冷凝器并用氮气保护的反应器中装入混合物A并加热至82℃。向反应器内含物加入15%的混合物B和25%的混合物C。将温度维持在82℃并将反应混合物搅拌1小时,然后在搅拌下,在90分钟时间段内,将剩余的混合物B和混合物C计量加入到反应器中。在82℃下继续搅拌2小时,然后将反应器内含物冷却至室温。使用来自于Brookhaven Instruments Company,750 Blue Point Road,Holtsville,NY 11742的BI-90Plus仪器,通过光散射测量到的得到的乳液粒子的平均直径为0.2μm。
制备例3B:
表4
向反应器加入混合物A2,在搅拌下加热至88℃。用氮气替换反应器中的空气。当反应器温度稳定在88℃时,将混合物B2装入反应器。然后在搅拌下,在240分钟的时间段内向反应器加入乳化的混合物C2和D2和混合物E2。在88℃下继续搅拌90分钟。将反应器内含物冷却至65℃。加入混合物F2和G2,并在搅拌下将反应器内含物在65℃下维持1小时,然后将反应器内含物冷却至室温。通过Brookhaven Instruments粒径分析仪BI-90测量,得到的乳液粒子具有0.75μm的直径。
实施例4:5μm梯度折射率粒子
在该实施例中,在阶段I中使用丙烯酸正丁酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯,然后通过阶段II的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸乙酯的共聚,将实施例3B中的乳液中的粒子膨胀以产生直径5μm的发散透镜。使用去离子水制备如下混合物A3-G3:
表5
向反应器加入A4,并在搅拌下加热至76℃。用氮气替换反应器中的空气。当反应器温度稳定在76℃时,将混合物B4装入反应器。将混合物C4用匀浆器乳化,并将20%装入反应器中。将反应器在60-65℃搅拌0.5小时。将混合物D4用匀浆器乳化并装入反应器中。在60-65℃下搅拌23分钟后,发生放热聚合反应。在达到峰值温度后,继续搅拌,同时在48分钟内加入剩余的80%的混合物C4。装入27.5%的混合物F4。然后在45分钟的时间段内将混合物E4、剩余的F4和G4分开加入到反应器中。将温度维持在75-80℃之间并继续搅拌1小时,然后将反应器冷却至室温。向得到的聚合物加入以乳液的总重量计的1.5%的增稠剂B,并通过连续添加三乙胺来提高pH,直至达到7-9的pH。
实施例5:PV ARC涂层的制剂
增稠剂A:AcrysolTM RM-825
制备了如下制剂用于确定太阳能电池效率的提高。
表6
抗反射粒子来自于实施例4.
实施例6:含有偶联剂的PV ARC涂层的制剂
偶联剂A:N(β-氨基乙基)γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷
增稠剂B:AcrysolTM ASE-60
表7
在所有制剂中粘合剂来自于实施例2。抗反射粒子来自于实施例4.
实施例7:成膜聚合物
乳液聚合的聚合物由29%BA/52%MMA/19%MAA(重量份)制成,并按照US 3,037,952中所述使用足够的链转移剂(3-巯基-丙酸)制备,以提供通过凝胶渗透层析测量时约30,000的Mw。乳液的最终pH在5.0-6.0之间,并且乳液的最终总固形物为约38%。组合物的Tg使用差示扫描量热术测定为85℃。在配制前用稀氢氧化铵将该聚合物的pH调整到8-9。
实施例8:成膜聚合物
乳液聚合的聚合物由28%BA/62%MMA/10%MAA(重量份)和以乳液的总重量计0.69%的Zn制成,并按照US 4,517,330中所述制备,区别在于不使用氢氧化钾作为组合物的一部分。乳液的最终pH为约7.6-8.3,乳液的最终总固形物为约38%。组合物的Tg使用差示扫描量热术测定为87℃。组合物的Mw在添加Zn之前通过凝胶渗透层析测定为约338,000,在向组合物添加Zn后大于3,000,000。
实施例9:PV ARC涂层的制剂
表8
在所有制剂中粘合剂来自于实施例7。抗反射粒子来自于实施例4。
溶剂混合物为8g二乙二醇单***+12g二丙二醇甲醚。
实施例10:PV ARC涂层的制剂
表9
在所有制剂中粘合剂来自于实施例8。抗反射粒子来自于实施例4。溶剂混合物为8g二乙二醇单***+12g二丙二醇甲醚。
在塑料涂料容器(250ml体积容量)中加入实施例5、6、9和10中描述的材料,并使用实验室机械顶置式混合器搅拌至完全均匀。在完全均匀后,使用38#绕线棒将制剂施加到玻璃板(来自于PPG的6″x6″SolarPhireTM品牌,3.2mm厚)。使涂层在环境条件下干燥最少2天。在完全干燥后,评价施加到太阳能玻璃板的涂层的表面光泽度(使用光谱光泽度计,Micro-tri-gloss目录号4520 BYK Gardner company)、反射率(使用Sphere光谱仪,X-Rite 8400和X-Rite Color Master软件5.1.1版,X-Rite incorporated)和相对太阳光谱传输(使用单晶硅太阳能电池和太阳能电池模拟器(QuickSunTM120CA,Endeas OY))。为了测量涂层的光泽度,将玻璃板靠着Penopec IB黑/白图放置,并针对图的黑色部分进行20、60和85°光谱光泽度测量。为了测量反射率,将玻璃板的涂层一侧靠着光谱仪的集成的球形部分放置,并靠着板的未涂层一侧放置黑色背景。使用包括背景的光谱反射率进行测量,并记录550nm处的反射率。对于太阳能功率测定来说,将浸泡液(折射率1.5215,编号5040,Cargillelaboratories)施加到单晶硅PV电池(78.5cm2圆形电池),并将玻璃的未涂层一侧置于浸泡液上(去除所有空气间隙),将每个样品板在不同位置测量2次以确定短路电流(Jsc)。将未涂层的板用作空白基材,并如下计算效率提高的%:(涂层板的Jsc-未涂层板的Jsc)/(未涂层板的Jsc)*100
表10
(注:未涂层玻璃的Isc为2.032,8份平行测量的平均值)
在将涂层施加到玻璃基材后2天,进行可去除性测试。对于这些测试来说,从涂层施加到基材之时起直至刚好进行测试之前,将涂布的玻璃基材储存在设定在42℉的烘箱中。
用于测定涂层可去除性的方法利用了商品化地面剥除溶液和摩擦测试仪装置(型号AG-8100,来自于Pacific Scientific,Gardner/Neotec Instrument Division,SilverSpring,Maryland,USA,装备有来自于Byk Additives&Instruments,Columbia,Maryland,USA的PB-8112尼龙刷)作为可重复地测定干燥薄膜的去除的手段。为了区分不同涂层的相对去除性质,取实现薄膜的完全去除所需的刷子在涂层表面上来回移动的周期数作为可去除性的度量。所使用的商业化地面剥除剂是FREEDOM(Diversey Inc.Sturtevant,Wis.53177USA),其包含多种溶胀聚合物薄膜的试剂,包括:溶剂,例如二乙二醇苯基醚和乙二醇苯基醚,胺类例如单乙醇胺,和表面活性剂例如二甲苯磺酸钠。商品化地面剥除剂用干净自来水稀释,产生1份FREEDOM剥除剂与4份干净自来水的稀释溶液。将涂层的玻璃基材置于摩擦测试仪装置上,使刷子与干燥薄膜的较长侧边成直角移动。将5mL稀释的剥除剂溶液置于板上,然后启动摩擦测试仪以使刷子在板上前后振荡。使用下面的评级***:完全去除所需的周期数:<10(去除容易性极好),>10但是<20(良好),>20但<50(一般),>50(不良)。
表11
实施例 | 完全去除所需的周期数 |
6E | 8 |
6G | 4 |
9d | 4 |
9e | 5 |
9f | 3 |
10C | 25-50 |
10D | 17 |
10E | 8 |
应该理解,本发明不限于本文中具体公开和示例的实施方式。对于本领域技术人员来说,本发明的各种修改是显然的。可以在不背离随附的权利要求书的范围的情况下进行这样的改变和修改。
此外,每个叙述的范围包括所述范围的所有组合和子组合以及其中包含的具体数值。此外,在本文件中引用或描述的每个专利、专利申请和出版物的公开内容,以其全文通过引用并入本文。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于保护光伏模块的方法,所述方法包括向所述光伏模块的外部向阳层施加可重复剥除的涂层,使所述光伏模块运行,从所述光伏模块去除所述涂层,以及向所述光伏模块重新施加所述涂层,
其中所述可重复剥除的涂层是透明的水性丙烯酸类组合物,其含有高度亲水性加成共聚物、与水混溶的有机聚结剂或增塑剂,以及作为任选组分的多价金属化合物、流变改性剂、碱溶性树脂和蜡,含有或不含蜡溶性树脂,以及任选的硅烷偶联剂。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述施加和重新施加的涂层产生自pH为7.0至9.6的水性涂层组合物。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述水性涂层组合物具有5至50重量%的非挥发固形物总含量。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述涂层是基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯的涂层。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述涂层是聚氨酯分散体,其应力模量对温度曲线的斜率为-0.50x106至-3.00x106达因每(cm2)(℃)。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述涂层还包含抗反射组合物。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述涂层在干燥时具有1.25至1.7的折射率。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201061424510P | 2010-12-17 | 2010-12-17 | |
US61/424,510 | 2010-12-17 | ||
PCT/US2011/064422 WO2012082622A1 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2011-12-12 | Restrippable photovoltaic coatings |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103262257A CN103262257A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
CN103262257B true CN103262257B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
Family
ID=45531527
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180060075.3A Expired - Fee Related CN103262257B (zh) | 2010-12-17 | 2011-12-12 | 可重复剥除的光伏器件涂层 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130247985A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2652800B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5960718B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101846601B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103262257B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013015121A2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI557193B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012082622A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI513996B (zh) | 2012-09-18 | 2015-12-21 | Rohm & Haas | 水性塗層組成物及由其製造之抗眩光塗層 |
TWI487754B (zh) | 2012-09-18 | 2015-06-11 | Rohm & Haas | 水性塗層組成物及由其製造之具特殊光澤槪況之塗層 |
WO2016118885A1 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | Sistine Solar, Inc. | Graphic layers and related methods for incorporation of graphic layers into solar modules |
US11161369B2 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2021-11-02 | Sistine Solar, Inc. | Graphic layers and related methods for incorporation of graphic layers into solar modules |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1227116A1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-07-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Two-component coating composition and method of preparation |
CN1516290A (zh) * | 1997-06-13 | 2004-07-28 | 佳能株式会社 | 太阳电池组件和太阳电池组件的安装方法 |
CN101295742A (zh) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-29 | 罗维鸿 | 光能电池增效转光膜 |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL233929A (zh) | 1957-12-12 | |||
GB2073609B (en) | 1980-04-14 | 1984-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Coating process |
US4517330A (en) | 1983-03-30 | 1985-05-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Floor polish composition having improved durability |
US4636578A (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1987-01-13 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Photocell assembly |
JPH0559309A (ja) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-09 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | アルカリ水溶性保護塗料用塗膜形成体 |
JPH0945951A (ja) * | 1995-08-01 | 1997-02-14 | Nitto Denko Corp | 太陽電池モジュール |
US5968287A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-10-19 | United Solar Systems Corporation | Power generating building panels and methods for their manufacture |
NL1007433C2 (nl) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-05-04 | Raadgevend Chemiebureau Rsb | Verwijderbare schermlaag. |
JPH11289103A (ja) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-10-19 | Canon Inc | 半導体装置および太陽電池モジュ―ル及びその解体方法 |
US6111189A (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-08-29 | Bp Solarex | Photovoltaic module framing system with integral electrical raceways |
AU775470B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2004-08-05 | Rohm And Haas Company | Removable coating composition and preparative method |
WO2006047434A1 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2006-05-04 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Prepolymers made from hydroxmethyl-containing polyester polyols derived from fatty acids |
JP2007150084A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 太陽電池モジュール用裏面保護シート、太陽電池モジュール用裏面積層体、および、太陽電池モジュール |
US7829626B2 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2010-11-09 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous compositions comprising polymeric duller particle |
US20080128018A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-05 | Richard Allen Hayes | Solar cells which include the use of certain poly(vinyl butyral)/film bilayer encapsulant layers with a low blocking tendency and a simplified process to produce thereof |
US20090075092A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of making an antireflective silica coating, resulting product, and photovoltaic device comprising same |
US7768602B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2010-08-03 | Rohm And Haas Company | Light diffusing article with GRIN lenses |
EP2232580A2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2010-09-29 | Husnu M. Kalkanoglu | Roofing products having receptor zones and photovoltaic roofing elements and systems using them |
EP2273560A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-01-12 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Laminate for solar battery back-sheet, and back-sheet comprising the same |
JP5348134B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-23 | 2013-11-20 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール用バックシートおよび太陽電池モジュール |
BRPI1009429B1 (pt) * | 2009-03-11 | 2019-06-18 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corporation | Composição de revestimento, película de revestimento, laminado, método para fabricar o mesmo, módulo de célula solar, dispositivo refletor, e, sistema de geração de energia térmica solar |
CA2773258A1 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-03-10 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Article having low-reflection film on surface of base material |
JP5875318B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-30 | 2016-03-02 | 日東電工株式会社 | 表面保護シート |
-
2011
- 2011-12-12 BR BR112013015121A patent/BR112013015121A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2011-12-12 EP EP11813471.7A patent/EP2652800B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-12-12 JP JP2013544651A patent/JP5960718B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-12 CN CN201180060075.3A patent/CN103262257B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-12 WO PCT/US2011/064422 patent/WO2012082622A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-12 US US13/988,616 patent/US20130247985A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-12 KR KR1020137018423A patent/KR101846601B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-16 TW TW100146686A patent/TWI557193B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1516290A (zh) * | 1997-06-13 | 2004-07-28 | 佳能株式会社 | 太阳电池组件和太阳电池组件的安装方法 |
EP1227116A1 (en) * | 2001-01-30 | 2002-07-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Two-component coating composition and method of preparation |
CN101295742A (zh) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-29 | 罗维鸿 | 光能电池增效转光膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5960718B2 (ja) | 2016-08-02 |
EP2652800A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
US20130247985A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
EP2652800B1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
JP2014509065A (ja) | 2014-04-10 |
KR101846601B1 (ko) | 2018-04-06 |
CN103262257A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
TWI557193B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
KR20130130021A (ko) | 2013-11-29 |
BR112013015121A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
WO2012082622A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
TW201231573A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103262257B (zh) | 可重复剥除的光伏器件涂层 | |
CN101903326B (zh) | 甘油三酯大分子单体 | |
US4622360A (en) | Coating composition | |
CN104559617B (zh) | 一种涂覆型水性双组分氟碳涂料及其制备和应用 | |
US20080058473A1 (en) | Latex for low VOC paint having improved block resistance, open time and water-softening resistance | |
CA2796377C (en) | Paints with improved water staining and color rub-off qualities | |
CN105764934A (zh) | 低粘度、水性的、丙烯酸改性的醇酸分散体及其生产方法 | |
KR101797971B1 (ko) | 망상구조 아크릴 수지와 세라믹 방수재를 이용한 방수방식용 1액형 수성 도료 조성물 및 이를 이용한 시공방법 | |
CN101628958A (zh) | 水性环保全丙接枝环氧树脂乳液及制备方法 | |
CN1138340A (zh) | 制备基于丙烯酸酯共聚物的水稀释性涂漆基料的方法和该涂漆基料的用途 | |
EP3013903B1 (en) | Aqueous coating composition | |
SG181964A1 (en) | Method for producing resin dispersion for antifouling coating | |
CN110167993A (zh) | 乳液颗粒、包含它的乳液及乳液的制备方法 | |
CN113429908B (zh) | 一种粘接促进剂及bipv*** | |
CN103275298B (zh) | 一种有机硅改性水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 | |
CN102190899A (zh) | 地板蜡组合物 | |
CN105609160A (zh) | 用于太阳能电池电极的组合物以及使用其制备的电极 | |
JP5864678B2 (ja) | 塗料 | |
KR101828605B1 (ko) | 마이크로겔 및 이의 제조 방법, 그리고 수용성 도료 조성물 | |
EP3122830A1 (en) | Epoxy-fortified floor polishes | |
JP4091138B2 (ja) | つや消し電着塗料組成物およびこれを用いる電着塗装方法 | |
CN103497669B (zh) | 活性能量射线固化型水性树脂组合物 | |
KR101348732B1 (ko) | 인쇄특성이 우수한 태양전지 전극 페이스트용 아크릴 바인더 및 이를 이용한 태양전지 전극 페이스트 | |
CN107011781A (zh) | 一种超透明疏水疏油薄膜及制备方法 | |
JPS62292864A (ja) | 2液ウレタン塗料組成物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20161012 Termination date: 20201212 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |