CN103259082A - Method for improving radiant efficiency based on omni-directional base station antenna - Google Patents
Method for improving radiant efficiency based on omni-directional base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN103259082A CN103259082A CN2013101910724A CN201310191072A CN103259082A CN 103259082 A CN103259082 A CN 103259082A CN 2013101910724 A CN2013101910724 A CN 2013101910724A CN 201310191072 A CN201310191072 A CN 201310191072A CN 103259082 A CN103259082 A CN 103259082A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the radiant efficiency based on an omni-directional base station antenna. All radiating elements of the base station antenna are arranged on the same central coaxial line and are periodically arranged in a vertically crossed mode, every two adjacent radiating elements are connected through a thin wire, two ends of the coaxial line are filled with dielectric medium in structural form, the middle of the coaxial line is filled with the air, the length of each radiating element arranged on the base station antenna is larger than the half-wavelength of radio waves in the dielectric medium and is smaller than or equal to the half-wavelength of radio waves in the air, and the distance among the radiating elements of the base station antenna is adjusted. The method for improving the radiant efficiency based on the omni-directional base station antenna can improve the radiant efficiency of the base station antenna, effectively expand the coverage area of the antenna, improves communication quality, and meanwhile does not bring about sharp rise of cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communications field, relate to a kind of coaxial omnidirectional antenna of mobile communication network base station based on LTE (Long Term Evolution, Long Term Evolution) technology, specifically a kind of method of the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna.
Background technology
The LTE project is the evolution of 3G technology, it improves and has strengthened the aerial access technology of 3G, adopt OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, orthogonal frequency division multiplexi) and MIMO (the Multiple Input Multiple Output) standard as its wireless network evolution.In the LTE technology, need to utilize radio wave to come transmission of information to complete the work of whole system, antenna is exactly the basic device that is used for launching or receiving radio wave in system.In radio system, the radiofrequency signal of being exported by transmitter is transported to antenna by feeder line, and antenna is just launched these signals with electromagnetic form.The electromagnetic wave of launching also will be got off by antenna reception, then is transported to radio receiver by feeder line, has so just realized the propagation of radio wave in space.Visible, antenna is to transmit and receive an electromagnetic important wireless device, does not have antenna also just there is no radio communication.
Antenna for base station generally partly forms (omnidirectional antenna does not generally have reflecting plate) by radiating element, balanced feeder, reflecting plate, feeding network, joint etc.The major function of radiating element is that current energy is converted into to electromagnetic energy and radiate, or receives electromagnetic energy and be converted into current energy.Antenna is usually arranged and is formed by certain geometric ways by one or more radiating elements, as 1 * 2, and 1 * 4,1 * 8,2 * 8 etc.The profile of radiating element is a lot, and commonly used have two large class, i.e. line style oscillator and microband pastes.The characterisitic parameter of describing antenna is a lot, and the characterisitic parameter of the required consideration of antenna of different purposes also is not quite similar.The unit for electrical property parameters of antenna of mobile communication base station has: working band, input impedance, standing-wave ratio, polarization mode, gain, directional diagram, horizontal plane lobe width, vertical plane lobe width, angle of declination, front and back ratio, power capacity, third order intermodulation, isolation, cross polarization are compared etc.
Current mobile communication has evolved to the LTE stage, the high-level telecommunication service quality of this one-phase, must high requirement be proposed to antenna, and build antenna for base station in the city day by day changed, its residing electromagnetic field environment is day by day complicated, the common more complicated of the operational environment of antenna, antenna transmission is gone out and is propagated electromagnetic signal aloft, will be subject to many-sided decline.Channel is subject to the impact of the environmental factors such as landform, temperature, humidity, and these aspects all can produce adverse influence to communication quality, thus the communication efficiency that causes the user to experience discount, or even the communication quality of non-constant.In order to guarantee communication quality, need to find out and a kind ofly can improve coverage effect, do not make again the method that increase of investment is a lot, this just requires the gain of antenna relatively high.Therefore improve base station omnidirectional antenna gain, improving communication quality is the active demand of communication system.In sum, how improving the radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, is that a technical problem to be solved is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of method of the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, thereby can improve the antenna for base station radiation efficiency, effectively enlarge the coverage of antenna, do not cause sharp rising of cost when improving communication quality.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme of above goal of the invention is:
A kind of method of the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, this comprises the following steps:
(i) by each assembly of radiating elements of antenna for base station on the coaxial line of same center, simultaneously each radiating element, according to the mode of intersecting periodic arrangement one on the other, adopts thin wire to couple together between adjacent two radiating elements;
(ii) coaxial line adopts dielectric to fill two ends on structural form, and centre utilizes air to fill;
The length that (iii) each radiating element of antenna for base station is set is more than or equal to the half-wavelength of radio wave in dielectric, and is less than or equal to the half-wavelength of radio wave in air, and regulates the distance between each radiating element of antenna for base station;
(iv) the minimum operation wavelength of antenna for base station and the radius relationship of coaxial line internal and external conductor are set is: λ
min>π (a+b), wherein λ
minFor the minimum operation wavelength of antenna for base station, a, b are respectively the radius of antenna for base station coaxial line internal and external conductor.
Coaxial line of the present invention has adopted the form of half packing material, and in the two ends filled media, the middle air that adopts is filled; Suitably choose length and the spacing of antenna element, while making electric current pass through the different unit of antenna, possess identical amplitude and phase place on corresponding location point; The restriction of operating frequency the highest in the antenna coaxial line under certain conditions, realize the inhibition to the ripple of unwanted pattern, avoid the different mode ripple to generate, the radiation characteristic of antenna is exerted an adverse impact; In order to realize impedance matching and the reflection coefficient of antenna to be descended, need, by adjusting element length and the spacing of antenna for base station, to reach change input impedance the impact that compensation distributed capacitance etc. brings; Common coaxial antenna radiating surface is not on same circle, this must affect the antenna horizontal plane radiation pattern, by selecting the less coaxial line of relatively electric size, and by each assembly of radiating elements on the coaxial line of same center, simultaneously each radiating element is according to the mode of intersecting periodic arrangement one on the other, between adjacent two antenna elements, adopt the thin wire interconnection to get up, improve the circularity of antenna.
The technical scheme that the present invention further limits is:
The method of the aforesaid raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, step (ii) in, distance between each radiating element of antenna for base station is regulated according to the following steps: the scope of at first setting the spacing variation between each radiating element is 0.8L-1.2L, the length that wherein L is radiating element, again the spacing between each radiating element is started apart from progressively increasing to maximum by minimum value, measure the radiance of antenna in this process, thereby determine the spacing of antenna element.
The method of the aforesaid raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, the connecting line between adjacent two radiating elements and the angle of coaxial line are the 60-70 degree.The applicant finds by research, assembly of radiating elements is on the coaxial line of same center, simultaneously each radiating element is according to the mode of intersecting periodic arrangement one on the other, between adjacent two antenna elements, adopt the thin wire interconnection to get up, can improve the circularity of antenna, but circularity is not still very high, by connecting line between adjacent two radiating elements and the angle of coaxial line are set, it is the 60-70 degree, the circularity that can carry antenna has a larger raising, thereby greatly improves the radiation efficiency of antenna horizontal direction.
The method of the aforesaid raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, step (i) in, the length n that coaxial line two ends dielectric is filled is less than or equal to 1/4 of coaxial line total length.
Based on the foregoing improve radiation efficiency omnidirectional base station antenna method, step (i), without affecting the central coaxial radiating roundness except on the basis of its smaller diameter size choice.
The present invention adopts dielectric to be filled in two ends on the structural form of antenna, the version that centre utilizes air to fill, efficiency and the gain that can improve like this radiation signal of antenna; The length of rational allocation antenna unit, regulate the distance between unit, reaches the effect of the spoke homophases such as CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on unit; The size of the coaxial line unit internal and external conductor of antenna, determine according to the operation wavelength of antenna, to realize effectively suppressing the generation of other mode wave simultaneously.
The length of each radiating element arranged by the present invention is between dielectric half-wavelength and air half-wavelength, and adjust the distance between each radiating element, obtained unexpectedly and can compensate the impact that distributed capacitance and aerial radiation have the power consumption conduction band, realize impedance matching, reduce the technique effect of reflection coefficient.
In a word, the present invention is to the electrolytical structural form of antenna, the length of antenna unit, distance between unit, the size of the coaxial line unit internal and external conductor of antenna, the aspects such as deviation in roundness are improved, significantly improve the gain coefficient of antenna, do not caused the significantly lifting of cost simultaneously.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is coaxial line.
Fig. 2 possesses identical amplitude and the schematic diagram of phase place on opposite position point while being the electric current unit different by antenna.
The process of inhibition figure that Fig. 3 is radiated wave pattern on the antenna for base station coaxial line.
Fig. 4 is the process schematic diagram that antenna for base station is realized impedance matching.
The connection diagram that Fig. 5 is coaxial line and radiating element.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is a kind of method of the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, specifically comprises the following steps:
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is coaxial line, adopt dielectric to fill two ends, and centre utilizes air to fill; When filling dielectric, select the less medium of dielectric constant, the gain that can improve antenna.It is n that the two ends dielectrics is filled length, and n is less than or equal to 1/4 of coaxial line total length, i.e. n≤(l ﹣ d)/4, and intermediate medium is air; Adopt dielectric can keep the stable of antenna structure, design can reduce dielectric loss like this, improves the radiation efficiency of antenna for base station, but namely improves the radiation gain of antenna, and in addition, dielectric substance also can adopt other dielectric substance commonly used.
Fig. 2 possesses identical amplitude and the process of phase place on corresponding location point while schematically showing the electric current unit different by antenna.For each unit of antenna, if the current amplitude same phase on the point of relevant position is equal, shown in Fig. 2, the corresponding position of each antenna element can be equivalent to identical current source, can improve the gain of omnidirectional antenna.Because coaxial line in the present embodiment has adopted two ends, dielectric fill antenna unit, therefore the length of setting unit should be between dielectric half-wavelength and air half-wavelength, can be so that the current amplitude same phase on the point of relevant position be equal, the gain that can improve omnidirectional antenna.
After the length of antenna for base station radiating element is determined, distance between each radiating element of antenna for base station is regulated according to the following steps: the scope of at first setting the spacing variation between each radiating element is 0.8L-1.2L, the length that wherein L is radiating element, again the spacing between each radiating element is started apart from progressively increasing to maximum by minimum value, measure the radiance of antenna in this process, thereby determine the spacing of antenna element.
The process of inhibition figure that Fig. 3 is radiated wave pattern on the antenna for base station coaxial line, the radiation signal ripple different various patterns may occur while propagating in the coaxial line of antenna, as 301 in figure and 302, operating frequency of antenna is higher, the pattern of the ripple of propagating also may be more, the ripple of these patterns causes bad impact to the radiation characteristic of antenna, so the maximum operating frequency of antenna operating wave must be subject to the restriction of certain condition, its satisfied condition is as follows: the minimum operation wavelength of antenna for base station and the radius relationship of coaxial line internal and external conductor are set is: λ
min>π (a+b), wherein λ
minFor the minimum operation wavelength of antenna for base station, a, b are respectively the radius of coaxial line internal and external conductor.When the antenna operation wavelength meets above-mentioned condition, the ripple of other patterns can't starting of oscillation, avoids the different mode ripple to exert an adverse impact to the radiation characteristic of antenna.Because wavelength is greater than π (a+b), in coaxial line, the antenna maximum operating frequency is less than or equal to C/ ﹝ π (a+b) ﹞, wherein C is radio wave transmissions speed, can realize the inhibition to the ripple of unwanted pattern, avoid the different mode ripple to generate, the radiation characteristic of antenna is exerted an adverse impact;
Fig. 4 is the process schematic diagram that antenna for base station is realized impedance matching, the present invention by each assembly of radiating elements on the same central axis, simultaneously each radiating element is according to the mode of intersecting periodic arrangement one on the other, the power of each unit radiation can be approximated to be the power loss in coaxial line, be equivalent to the power of the series admittance loss of shunting action, see into antenna reflection coefficient (Г) and equivalent load (Z from the n+1 segment unit
NL) pass be: Г=(Z
NL/ Z
N+1)/(Z
NL+ Z
N+1), Z wherein
N+1Be the characteristic impedance of n+1 section, Z
NLFor front n section equivalent load, reduce reflection coefficient, must make that input impedance is several approaches characteristic impedance, realize impedance matching between unit.The length of each radiating element arranged by the present invention is between dielectric half-wavelength and air half-wavelength, and adjust the distance between each radiating element, can compensate the impact that distributed capacitance and aerial radiation have the power consumption conduction band, thereby realize impedance matching, reach the purpose that reduces reflection coefficient.
The connection diagram that Fig. 5 is coaxial line and radiating element, the radiating surface of antenna in the actual course of work not on a circle, improve this problem by the method for three aspects in the present embodiment, the one, on the basis that does not affect other performance, select the less coaxial line 1 of relatively electric size, the operation wavelength of the relative antenna of external diameter numerical value is less, less on playing the deviation in roundness impact; The 2nd, each radiating element 2 is arranged on same center coaxial line 1, realize real conllinear, simultaneously each radiating element, according to the mode of intersecting periodic arrangement one on the other, adopts the thin wire interconnection to get up between adjacent two antenna elements; The 3rd, it is the 60-70 degree that connecting line between adjacent two radiating elements and the angle α of coaxial line are set.The deviation in roundness of the directional diagram of the fine assurance antenna horizontal plane of energy is less like this, thereby greatly improves the radiation efficiency of antenna horizontal direction.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other execution modes.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection range of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method for the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna, this comprises the following steps:
(i) by each assembly of radiating elements of antenna for base station on the coaxial line of same center, simultaneously each radiating element, according to the mode of intersecting periodic arrangement one on the other, adopts thin wire to couple together between adjacent two radiating elements;
(ii) coaxial line adopts dielectric to fill two ends on structural form, and centre utilizes air to fill;
The length that (iii) each radiating element of antenna for base station is set is more than or equal to the half-wavelength of radio wave in dielectric, and is less than or equal to the half-wavelength of radio wave in air, and regulates the distance between each radiating element of antenna for base station;
(iv) the minimum operation wavelength of antenna for base station and the radius relationship of coaxial line internal and external conductor are set is: λ
min>π (a+b), wherein λ
minFor the minimum operation wavelength of antenna for base station, a, b are respectively the radius of antenna for base station coaxial line internal and external conductor.
2. the method for the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (ii) in, distance between each radiating element of antenna for base station is regulated according to the following steps: the scope of at first setting the spacing variation between each radiating element is 0.8L-1.2L, the length that wherein L is radiating element, again the spacing between each radiating element is started apart from progressively increasing to maximum by minimum value, measure the radiance of antenna in this process, thereby determine the spacing of antenna element.
3. the method for the raising radiation efficiency based on the omni-base station antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described step (i) in, the connecting line between adjacent two radiating elements and the angle α of coaxial line are the 60-70 degree.
4. as the method for claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described raising radiation efficiencies based on the omni-base station antenna, it is characterized in that: described step (i) in, the length n that coaxial line two ends dielectric is filled is less than or equal to 1/4 of coaxial line total length.
5. as the method for claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described raising radiation efficiencies based on the omni-base station antenna, it is characterized in that: described step (i) in, described center coaxial line is on the basis do not affected except radiating surface circularity, its outside dimension is selected less.
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| CN2013101910724A CN103259082A (en) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Method for improving radiant efficiency based on omni-directional base station antenna |
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| CN2013101910724A CN103259082A (en) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Method for improving radiant efficiency based on omni-directional base station antenna |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104134847A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-11-05 | 泰兴市东盛电子器材厂 | Air coaxial center-fed antenna |
| CN110323551A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 罗森伯格技术（昆山）有限公司 | A kind of patch radiating element |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104134847A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-11-05 | 泰兴市东盛电子器材厂 | Air coaxial center-fed antenna |
| CN110323551A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 罗森伯格技术（昆山）有限公司 | A kind of patch radiating element |
| CN110323551B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-05-26 | 普罗斯通信技术（苏州）有限公司 | Patch radiating element |
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Application publication date: 20130821 |