CN103254006A - Special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer and use method thereof - Google Patents

Special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN103254006A
CN103254006A CN2013101846215A CN201310184621A CN103254006A CN 103254006 A CN103254006 A CN 103254006A CN 2013101846215 A CN2013101846215 A CN 2013101846215A CN 201310184621 A CN201310184621 A CN 201310184621A CN 103254006 A CN103254006 A CN 103254006A
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tobacco
fertilizer
nitrogen
base manure
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CN103254006B (en
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李明德
吴海勇
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HUNAN SOIL AND FERTILIZER INST
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Abstract

The invention relates to a special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer and a use method thereof. The special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer is specifically composed of the following components: 30% of fermented rape seed cake (wherein the total nutrient of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium is larger than or equal to 8%; the organic material is larger than or equal to 70%; and the contents of N, P2O5 and K2O are respectively 5%, 1.8% and 1.2%), 14%-17% of humic acid, 12% of agricultural potassium nitrate, 23.5% of 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate, 1%-4% of potassium chloride, 6% of agricultural potassium sulphate, 5%-8% of agricultural ammonium sulfate, 0.75% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.75% of zinc sulfate pentahydrate, 1% of nitrogen fertilizer synergist (containing 3% of quinhydrone, 40% of dicyandiamide and 57% of sepiolite) and the like. By adopting the special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer, the yield and production value of tobacco can be improved, the internal and external quality of tobacco leaves can be improved, the economic benefit of a tobacco grower can be improved, the use ratio and yield-increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer can be improved, and the special nitrogen fertilizer synergia tobacco base fertilizer has good application prospect in tobacco production.

Description

The special-purpose base manure of a kind of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy tobacco and using method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the have special-purpose base manure of the tobacco of improving fertilizer effectiveness and using method thereof, be specifically related to grow the nutrient demand feature according to tobacco growing, use in conjunction with nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, the various nutritive element fertilizer that the choose reasonable tobacco is required, be mixed with one of efficient, high-quality grow tobacco special-purpose base manure and using method thereof, have effectiveness such as the yield of tobacco of raising, quality of tobacco.
Background technology
Tobacco is one of main economic crops in China, and nitrogen is the important component of nicotine, and it is bigger to the effect that nicotine content improves than other nutritive elements to execute nitrogen, so nitrogen is to influence that the cigarette strain is grown and the most important element of quality of tobacco.But tobacco is special strict again to the requirement of nitrogenous fertilizer, and application of amount of nitrogen directly has influence on the yield and quality of tobacco leaf, and the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously brings the risk of pollution to tobacco-growing soil.Domestic current nitrogen application status investigation shows that the tobacco grower is for pursuing high economic benefit, the excessive applied nitrogen of ubiquity, nicotine and total nitrogen content are crossed high a series of problem in the tobacco leaf, caused the tobacco-growing soil quality degradation, the tobacco leaf interior quality constantly descends, the industrial applicability variation.And by suitably reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount be solve that edatope is degenerated and quality of tobacco under one of effective way of degradation problem.But, reduce application of amount of nitrogen and cause the tobacco leaf underproduction easily, influence tobacco grower's economic benefit, therefore, must guarantee yield of tobacco and quality by the fertilizer efficiency that improves nitrogenous fertilizer.People attempt improving by nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer, in the existing technology, improve the existing application of fertilizer effectiveness in conjunction with 2,5-dichloronitrobenzene nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agents such as (as Chinese patent application 201010256573.2).
Urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor are comparatively common nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agents, and urease inhibitor mainly suppresses urease activity, prolong the hydrolysis release rate of urea in soil, improve crop to the utilization ratio of nitrogen; Nitrification inhibitor mainly suppresses nitrobacteria, and the control nitrification reduces the loss of denitrification loss and nitrate.Sepiolite is a kind of superfine clay mineral, and bigger specific surface area is arranged, and good adsorption is arranged, studies show that, sepiolite has slow releasing function preferably to nitrogen manure, to reducing the loss of nitrogen, guarantees that the fertilizer efficiency in nitrogen later stage has effect more significantly.But at present, the situation that various synergistic agent use separately on paddy rice, cotton have appear in the newspapers outside, in other crops, use lessly, in tobacco planting, do not see the use that nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is arranged.
Tobacco is as a kind of special cash crop, the high yield of tobacco leaf and the guarantee of high-quality are except the supply of needs nitrogen, with soil organism situation, phosphorus element, especially with the supply of potassium element, and the balance of trace elements such as chlorine, magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese absorbs and all is closely related.Therefore in the base manure of tobacco uses, nutritional needs feature, the soil nutrient supply feature of tobacco be take into full account, nutrient balance, safety, special-purpose base manure efficiently made.
Summary of the invention
It is excessive to the objective of the invention is to use at nitrogenous fertilizer in the present tobacco production, degradation present situation under the quality of tobacco, according to the demand characteristic of tobacco growing growth to nutritive element, make a kind of raising fertilizer effectiveness that has, the nutrient abundance, rationally, special-purpose base manure efficiently, and provide the using method of this base manure.
The special-purpose base manure of a kind of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy tobacco,
A) this base manure: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient account for the 27.5wt%~28wt% of base manure, nitrogenous 6.5wt%~7wt% in the total nutrient, and nitric nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen ratio 〉=20wt%, and phosphorous 10wt% contains potassium 11wt%, organic content 〉=15wt%;
B) this base manure is made up of following several starting material: 1. fermentating rapeseed cake 30wt%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient 〉=8wt%, organic matter 〉=70wt% in the fermentating rapeseed cake, N, P 2O 5, K 2O content is 5wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.2wt%; 2. humic acids 14wt%~17wt%; 3. agricultural saltpetre 12wt%; 4. nutrient content 55wt% powdery monoammonium phosphate 23.5wt%; 5. Repone K 1wt%~4wt%; 6. agricultural potassium sulfate 6wt%; 7. agricultural ammonium sulfate 5wt%~8wt%; 8. magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.75wt%; 9. five water zinc sulphate 0.75wt%; 10. nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 1wt% contains quinhydrone(s) 3wt% in the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, Dyhard RU 100 40wt%, sepiolite 57wt%.
3 kinds of compositions pulverize mixing earlier in the described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, fully mix thoroughly with other raw materials again.
The using method of the special-purpose base manure of described nitrogenous fertilizer synergy tobacco, the usage quantity of described base manure is 50kg/667m 2~70kg/667m 2, tobacco planting density is 1.2m * 0.5m, uses according to a conventional method to get final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
In the process of the present invention, carried out a series of groping and proof test, be mixed with this base manure after, verify in tobacco planting bases such as the western Hunan, Hunan Province autonomous prefecture, Liuyang City.The result shows, this base manure is to improving the output of tobacco leaf, reduce sugared alkali in nicotine and total nitrogen content in the tobacco leaf, the raising tobacco leaf than and the content of potassium element etc. better effects is arranged, can comprehensively improve the economic benefit that tobacco produces.
Embodiment
Be intended to further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, and unrestricted the present invention.
A) tobacco is leaf class cash crop, and it is very big that the tobacco price of different grades differs.Fertilizer is the factor of determination of yield of tobacco and quality, and fertilizer has had numerous reports to improving quality of tobacco, selects fermentating rapeseed cake among the present invention for use, contains abundant organic matter and abundant nutrient, is very beneficial for improving soil and improves quality of tobacco; Adopt the humic acids of 10% consumption, it has fertilizer synergistic, improves the soil, stimulates plant growth, improves functions such as tobacco quality; Because tobacco is happiness nitric nitrogen and happiness potassium crop, at these characteristics, has selected potash fertilizer such as saltpetre, vitriolate of tartar among the present invention for use; Some required trace element fertilizers of tobacco growing have been added in addition again.
B) nitrogen is the bioelement of tobacco leaf growth, it also is one of decision index of quality, nitrogen is used too much, cause that nitrogen and nicotine content exceed standard in the tobacco leaf, the loss of nitrogen brings the risk of pollution again to environment, therefore control nitrogen fertilizer amount, improving the nitrogenous fertilizer utilising efficiency is the major issue that needs solution in the tobacco fertilising.The present invention is intended to reduce under the situation of nitrogenous fertilizer 10%~15%, still guarantees yield of tobacco and quality.
The present invention at first sets about from nitrogen utilization and loss approach, select on the market multiple urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor and combination to carry out field test, indexs such as comprehensive production cost, tobacco production and quality, filtering out urease inhibitor is quinhydrone(s), nitrification inhibitor is Dyhard RU 100, after this, by the consumption proportion test, draw quinhydrone(s) and Dyhard RU 100 proportioning.Simultaneously, consider the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, cause the tobacco growing later stage for fertile relatively poor, introduce to elements such as nitrogen adsorb preferably, the sepiolite of slow releasing function, can reduce because the problem that fertilizer losses such as nitrogen bring.By a series of grope the test after, quinhydrone(s), Dyhard RU 100, three kinds of raw materials of sepiolite (3:40:57) are mixed with the comprehensive synergistic agent of nitrogenous fertilizer, total consumption is 1% of base manure, evidence, use by nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent of the present invention, on the basis of reducing by 10%~15% nitrogenous fertilizer, still can increase yield of tobacco 5.0%~20.0%.In conjunction with tobacco growing rule and nutritional needs feature, by test, determined that base manure component of the present invention and proportioning are: fermentating rapeseed cake 30%, humic acids 14%~17%, agricultural saltpetre 12%, 55% powdery monoammonium phosphate 23.5%, Repone K 1%~4%, agricultural potassium sulfate 6%, agricultural ammonium sulfate 5%~8%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.75%, five water zinc sulphates 0.75%, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 1% contains quinhydrone(s) 3% in the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, Dyhard RU 100 40%, sepiolite 57%.
Through a) b), determine the component and ratio of base manure after, it has been carried out a series of proof test.
C) 2011 in tobacco base, Yongan, Liuyang City, Hunan Province, carried out the field test of this base manure fertilizer efficiency checking, flue-cured tobacco cultivars is G80, (conventional base manure is the base manure that current tobacco grower generally uses with the conventional base manure of locality, nitrogen content is 8%, phosphorous 10%, contain potassium 11%) being made as contrast, consumption is 65kg/666.7m 2, tobacco planting density is 1.2m * 0.5m, fertilizing method and field management, gather etc. all carried out according to a conventional method.The result is as follows:
Each processing of table 1 is to the influence of yield of flue-cured tobacco and the output value
Figure BDA00003208887300031
Figure BDA00003208887300041
As shown in table 1, compare with the conventional base manure that use at present the locality, the base manure cost has increased by 10 yuan for every mu, uses nitrogenous fertilizer synergy special use base manure of the present invention after, every per mu yield has improved 16.4kg, the output value has increased by 432.1 yuan, increasing degree is 18.3%.
After using the special-purpose base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy of the present invention, to C 3The tobacco leaf of F grade carries out chemical analysis, and the result shows (table 2), and nicotine and content of total nitrogen all decrease in the tobacco leaf, though total reducing sugar and reducing sugar also decrease, sugared alkali ratio has raise; The nitrogen base ratio is 1.19, more near the OK range (0.8~1.1) of sound tobacco; Potassium cellulose content and potassium chlorine is than all increasing to some extent in the tobacco leaf, and comprehensive these chemical features, quality of tobacco have had more significantly and improve.
Each processing of table 2 is to the influence of Flue-cured tobacco Quality
Figure BDA00003208887300042
D) 2012 in the western Hunan, Hunan Province autonomous prefecture phoenix tobacco base, has further carried out the special-purpose base manure proof test of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy of the present invention, and flue-cured tobacco cultivars is cloud and mist 87.Conventional fertilizer application (conventional base manure is that current tobacco grower generally uses base manure, and nitrogen content is 8%, and is phosphorous 10%, contains potassium 11%) contrast, consumption is 50Kg/666.7m 2, tobacco planting density is 1.2m * 0.5m, fertilizing method and field management, gather etc. all carried out according to a conventional method.The result is as follows:
The influence (%) of table 3 pair cured tobacco leaf ratio
Figure BDA00003208887300043
It is very big that the price of different grades of tobacco differs, have directly with the flue-cured tobacco output value and to contact, phoenix tobacco base test-results shows (table 3), use the special-purpose base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy of the present invention after, first-class leaf and medium leaf have increased by 1.45%, 3.17% respectively, better-than-average leaf has increased by 4.62% altogether, on the contrary, inferior leaf proportion has just reduced by 4.62%, this explanation, use the hierarchy level of the raising tobacco leaf that base manure of the present invention can be to a certain degree, reduce the ratio of inferior leaf.
Phoenix tobacco base test output, the output value and Economic and Efficiency Analysis see Table 4, compare with routine, use base manure of the present invention after, the base manure cost has increased by 10 yuan for every mu, but the every per mu yield of tobacco leaf has increased 22.8kg, every per mu yield value has increased by 593 yuan, amplification is 18.3%.
Each processing of table 4 is to the influence of yield of flue-cured tobacco and the output value
Gather C 3The tobacco leaf of F grade, and its quality factor analyzed, the result shows (table 5), the Changing Pattern of each factor and the test of base, Liuyang are closely similar, total sugar content has reduced by 1.67%, nicotine and total nitrogen have reduced by 0.32% and 0.55% respectively, and sugared alkali ratio has raise 1.23%, and the nitrogen base ratio is 1.13, comprehensive above data analysis, can think the present invention to reducing nicotine, total nitrogen content, improve sugared alkali than waiting and have certain effect, can to a certain degree improve the quality of tobacco.
Each processing of table 5 is to the influence of Flue-cured tobacco Quality
Figure BDA00003208887300052
D) 2012, when carrying out with the test of western Hunan autonomous prefecture phoenix tobacco base, we are different zones in the Hunan Province, the different soils type is tested on the different flue-cured tobacco cultivars, and test shows, use product of the present invention, can improve yield of tobacco 5%~15%, increase economic efficiency 15%~25%, can improve quality of tobacco simultaneously.
In sum, nitrogen content is lower than conventional base manure 12.5%~18.5% among the present invention, phosphorus, potassium content equate with the base manure of routine, same amount of application is used for tobacco and produces, can improve yield of tobacco, improve quality of tobacco, increase economic efficiency, significantly improved utilization ratio and the effect of increasing production of nitrogenous fertilizer, in tobacco produces, be worthy to be popularized.

Claims (3)

1. the special-purpose base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy tobacco is characterized in that,
A) this base manure: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient account for the 27.5wt%~28wt% of base manure, nitrogenous 6.5wt%~7wt% in the total nutrient, and nitric nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen ratio 〉=20wt%, and phosphorous 10wt% contains potassium 11wt%, organic content 〉=15wt%;
B) this base manure is made up of following several starting material: 1. fermentating rapeseed cake 30wt%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient 〉=8wt%, organic matter 〉=70wt% in the fermentating rapeseed cake, N, P 2O 5, K 2O content is 5wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.2wt%; 2. humic acids 14wt%~17wt%; 3. agricultural saltpetre 12wt%; 4. nutrient content 55wt% powdery monoammonium phosphate 23.5wt%; 5. Repone K 1wt%~4wt%; 6. agricultural potassium sulfate 6wt%; 7. agricultural ammonium sulfate 5wt%~8wt%; 8. magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.75wt%; 9. five water zinc sulphate 0.75wt%; 10. nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 1wt% contains quinhydrone(s) 3wt% in the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, Dyhard RU 100 40wt%, sepiolite 57wt%.
2. the special-purpose base manure of nitrogenous fertilizer synergy tobacco as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that 3 kinds of compositions pulverize mixing earlier in the described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, fully mixes thoroughly with other raw materials again.
3. the using method of claim 1 or the special-purpose base manure of 2 described nitrogenous fertilizer synergy tobaccos is characterized in that the usage quantity of described base manure is 50kg/667m 2~70kg/667m 2, tobacco planting density is 1.2m * 0.5m, uses according to a conventional method to get final product.
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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105367169A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-02 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 Flue-cured tobacco organic-inorganic fertilizer specially used for Yunyan87
CN105622223A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-06-01 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司(攀枝花市烟草公司) Tobacco base fertilizer and application method thereof
CN106242910A (en) * 2016-08-18 2016-12-21 贵州省贵福生态肥业有限公司 Humic acid type tobacco special organic inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation and application thereof
CN107188712A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-22 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 One grows tobacco special complete first biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN115305092A (en) * 2022-08-09 2022-11-08 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) Tobacco planting soil conditioner and application thereof
CN117501935A (en) * 2023-11-16 2024-02-06 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 Fertilizing method for effectively reducing ash hanging on upper leaves of Anyan No. 2 tobacco

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CN101113118A (en) * 2007-07-16 2008-01-30 云南大学 Tobacco special organic inorganic compound fertilizer evoking tobacco disease resistance and uses thereof
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105367169A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-02 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 Flue-cured tobacco organic-inorganic fertilizer specially used for Yunyan87
CN105622223A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-06-01 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司(攀枝花市烟草公司) Tobacco base fertilizer and application method thereof
CN106242910A (en) * 2016-08-18 2016-12-21 贵州省贵福生态肥业有限公司 Humic acid type tobacco special organic inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation and application thereof
CN107188712A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-22 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 One grows tobacco special complete first biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN115305092A (en) * 2022-08-09 2022-11-08 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) Tobacco planting soil conditioner and application thereof
CN115305092B (en) * 2022-08-09 2024-02-20 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) Tobacco planting soil conditioner and application thereof
CN117501935A (en) * 2023-11-16 2024-02-06 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 Fertilizing method for effectively reducing ash hanging on upper leaves of Anyan No. 2 tobacco

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