CN103236991B - Communication system - Google Patents
Communication system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103236991B CN103236991B CN201310109277.3A CN201310109277A CN103236991B CN 103236991 B CN103236991 B CN 103236991B CN 201310109277 A CN201310109277 A CN 201310109277A CN 103236991 B CN103236991 B CN 103236991B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- board
- business
- backboard
- communication system
- exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Structure Of Telephone Exchanges (AREA)
Abstract
The present embodiments relate to a kind of communication system.Described communication system includes: business board, exchange board, backboard and the communications cable;Described business board is connected with described backboard, for the process of business;Described business board card is connected with described power board card by described backboard and the described communications cable;Described exchange board is connected with described backboard, for receiving the business datum of described business board transmission, and described business datum is forwarded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technique field, particularly relate to a kind of communication system.
Background technology
At present, the exchange capacity of conventional communication networks is that (Giga Bit is called for short: GB) hundreds of gigabit
To a few billion bits (Tera Bit, be called for short: TB) rank, the demand of user's general service can be met,
But along with mobile broadband, HD video, the increasing rapidly of comprehensive data service, the friendship of legacy communications system
Changing capacity and cannot meet the demand of active user, therefore, the exchange capacity of communication network need to carry further
Rise the demand that just can meet user.
In the prior art, when traditional communication system realizes Large Copacity exchange, all use Multi-frame cascading
Scheme, as it is shown in figure 1, be divided into many frameworks structure, every frame physically by the network equipment in communication system
The most all configuring multiple exchange board and business board, the exchange capacity of each frame is at hundreds of GB to a few TB levels
Not, by the exchange board lead-out wire cable in frame between each frame, it is connected with the power board card in other frames,
And then forming many frame systems, the business board card in frame is by the printed circuit board (Pcrinted in backboard
Circuit Board, is called for short: pcb board) it is connected with the exchange board in frame.
But, Multi-frame cascading scheme of the prior art, also expose following deficiency: 1) and across the business of frame
Need through repeatedly exchanging between board so that exchange time delay increases;2) when the business board cassette tape in each frame
When width is the most reciprocity, across frame transmission business datum Time Bandwidth convergence, the transmission of limit service data.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments provide a kind of communication system, in order to realize the exchange of communication system big bandwidth, solve
Prior art certainly exchanges in conventional communication networks time delay increase, the problem of limit service data transmission, enters
One step meets the demand of active user.
In first aspect, embodiments provide a kind of communication system.Described communication system includes:
Business board, exchange board, backboard and the communications cable;
Described business board is connected with described backboard, for the process of business;
Described business board card is connected with described power board card by described backboard and the described communications cable;
Described exchange board is connected with described backboard, for receiving the business datum of described business board transmission,
And described business datum is forwarded.
In the implementation that the first is possible, described communication system also includes: business board connector, institute
State business board connector to be fixed on described business board;
Described communication system also includes: back panel connector, and described back panel connector is fixed on described backboard;
Described business board be connected with described backboard particularly as follows:
Described business board connector is fixing with described back panel connector to be connected;
Described business board card is connected with described backboard by described business board connector and described back panel connector
Connect.
In the implementation that the second is possible, described communication system also includes: power board connector, institute
State power board connector to be fixed on described exchange board;
Described exchange board be connected with described backboard particularly as follows:
Described power board card is connected with described backboard by described power board connector and described back panel connector
Connect.
In conjunction with first aspect or first aspect the first, the mode of the possible realization of the second, the 3rd
Planting in possible implementation, described communication system also includes: at least 1 business frame and at least 1
Exchange frame;
At least 1 described business board and described backboard, arbitrary described friendship is included in arbitrary described business frame
At least 1 described exchange board and described backboard is included in changing frame.
Wherein, the described business board card in described business frame is by described backboard and the described communications cable and institute
State the described power board card in exchange frame to connect.
In conjunction with first aspect or first aspect the first, the mode of the possible realization of the second, the 4th
Planting in possible implementation, described communication system also includes: at least 1 Business Processing frame;
At least 1 described business board, at least 1 described exchange is included in arbitrary described Business Processing frame
Board and described backboard;
Wherein, the described business board card in described Business Processing frame passes through described backboard and the described communications cable
It is connected with the described power board card in described Business Processing frame;
Or, the described business board card in described Business Processing frame passes through the PCB in described backboard with described
Power board card in Business Processing frame connects.
In conjunction with first aspect or first aspect the first, the mode of the possible realization of the second, the 5th
Planting in possible implementation, described communication system also includes: rack
At least 2 described business boards, at least 2 described exchange boards and described are included in described rack
Backboard;
Wherein, at least 2 described business boards and at least 2 described exchange board centralized deployments,
Or, at least 2 described business boards and at least 2 described exchange board distributed deployments.
In conjunction with first aspect or the 5th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, the 6th kind of possible reality
In existing mode, when described exchange board centralized deployment, described business board card passes through described backboard and institute
State the communications cable to be connected with described power board card;
Or, when described exchange board distributed deployment, described business board card is by described backboard
Described power board card neighbouring with described business board for PCB is connected, described business board card by described backboard and
The described communications cable described power board card non-adjacent with described business board is connected.
In the 7th kind of possible implementation, described backboard also includes: power cable, control cable and
Data cable.
In the 8th kind of possible implementation, only by once institute between any two pieces of described business boards
State exchange board can connect.
In the 9th kind of possible implementation, the described communications cable specifically includes cable and optical fiber.
Therefore, the communication system provided by the application embodiment of the present invention, business board is connected with backboard,
Exchange board is connected with backboard, and business board card is connected with power board card by backboard and the communications cable, and then
Form communication system, the communication system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, solve in traditional communication network and hand over
Change time delay increase, the problem of limit service data transmission, meet the demand of active user, simultaneously as
Business board card is connected with power board card by backboard and the communications cable, and business board or exchange board can provide
More business groove position, the density of the raising communications cable, the service bandwidth of spread communication system, and can
According to the service bandwidth that different business demand couplings is different.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is legacy communications system schematic diagram in prior art;
The communication system schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention one;
The business board that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and power board card connection diagram;
The communication system schematic diagram that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention two;
The communication system schematic diagram that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention three;
The communication system schematic diagram that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention four;
The communication system schematic diagram that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention five.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the present invention
Specific embodiment is described in further detail.
The communication system that the embodiment of the present invention one provides is described below as a example by Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is that the present invention is real
Execute a kind of communication system schematic diagram that example provides.
Embodiment one
As in figure 2 it is shown, described communication system includes: business board 210, exchange board 220, backboard 230
With the communications cable 240.
In fig. 2, described business board 210 is connected with described backboard 230, for the process of business;
Described business board 210 is by described backboard 230 and the described communications cable 240 and described power board
Card 220 connection;
Described exchange board 220 is connected with described backboard 230, is used for receiving described business board 210 and passes
Defeated business datum, and described business datum is forwarded.
Specifically, in embodiments of the present invention, business board 210, exchange board 220 and backboard 230
Number more than or equal to 1.The described communications cable 240 specifically includes cable and optical fiber.
Further, the order wire that business board 210 is all drawn by backboard 230 with exchange board 220
Cable 240 is connected with each other, and then forms communication system.Owing to business board 210 and exchange board 220 lead to
The communications cable 240 crossing backboard 230 extraction is connected with each other, therefore, and business board 210 or exchange board
220 can provide more business groove position, improve the density of the communications cable 240, the business of spread communication system
Bandwidth, and different service bandwidths can be mated according to different business demands;Furthermore, any business board
Only can realize exchanging data by once exchange board 220 between card 210, reduce in communication network and hand over
Change time delay;3rd, symmetrical equiband exchange data can be realized between all business boards 210, widen industry
The transmission of business data.
Therefore, the communication system provided by the application embodiment of the present invention, business board is connected with backboard,
Exchange board is connected with backboard, and business board card is connected with power board card by backboard and the communications cable, and then
Form communication system, the communication system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, utilize the low loss characteristic of the communications cable,
By communication system flattening, solve that to exchange time delay increase, exchange capacity in traditional communication network limited
Problem, simultaneously as business board card is connected with power board card by backboard and the communications cable, business board
Card or exchange board can provide more business groove position, improve the density of the communications cable, spread communication system
Service bandwidth, and can be according to the different service bandwidth of different business demand couplings.
Alternatively, in embodiments of the present invention, described communication system also includes: business board connector 310,
Back panel connector 320, power board connector 330, as shown in Figure 3.
In figure 3, described business board connector 310 is fixed on described business board;Described backboard is even
Connect device 320 to be fixed on described backboard;
Described business board 210 is connected with described backboard 230 particularly as follows: described business board connector 310
Fix with described back panel connector 320 and be connected;Described business board 210 is by described business board connector
310 and described back panel connector 320 be connected with described backboard 230.
Described power board connector 330 is fixed on described exchange board 220;Described exchange board 220
It is connected with described backboard 230 particularly as follows: described exchange board 220 is by described power board connector 330
It is connected with described backboard 230 with described back panel connector 320.
Embodiment two
Alternatively, in embodiments of the present invention, communication system can be further divided into many sub-frames, son
Frame is divided into business frame and exchange frame according to the board function of its internal storage.
Specifically, described communication system also includes: at least 1 business frame and at least 1 exchange frame,
As shown in Figure 4, at least 1 business board 210 and backboard 230, arbitrary exchange are included in arbitrary business frame
At least 1 exchange board 220 and backboard 230 is included in frame.
In the diagram, business board 210 is concentrated and is deployed in business frame, exchange board 220 is concentrated
Being deployed in exchange frame, each business board 210 in business frame draws the communications cable by backboard 230
It is connected with exchange board 220;In embodiments of the present invention, described backboard 230 also includes: power line
Cable, control cable and data cable, and then complete control, the interconnection of data-signal in power supply and frame.
Embodiment three
Alternatively, in embodiments of the present invention, communication system also can be divided into many sub-frames, but with figure
Unlike communication system shown in 4, described sub-frame includes business board 210, exchange board 220 and
Backboard 230.
Specifically, described communication system also includes: at least 1 Business Processing frame, as it is shown in figure 5, appoint
At least 1 business board 210, at least 1 exchange board 220 and backboard is included in one Business Processing frame
230。
In Figure 5, by business board 210 with exchange board 220 distributed deployment in Business Processing frame,
Outside business board 210 in Business Processing frame is by backboard 230 and the communications cable 240 and Business Processing frame
Exchange board 220 connect;
Business board 210 in Business Processing frame is by backboard 230 and the communications cable 240 and Business Processing
Exchange board 220 in frame connects;Or, the business board 210 in Business Processing frame is by backboard 230
In pcb board be connected with the exchange board 220 in Business Processing frame and (Fig. 5 illustrate only business board
210 are connected with exchange board 220 by backboard 230 and the communications cable 240, and business board 210 is by the back of the body
Not shown in pcb board in plate 230 is connected Fig. 5 with exchange board 220).
In embodiments of the present invention, described backboard 230 also includes: power cable, control cable and data
Cable, and then complete control, the interconnection of data-signal in power supply and frame.
Embodiment four
Alternatively, in embodiments of the present invention, described communication system also includes: rack, as shown in Figure 6.
Specifically, include in described rack that at least 2 business boards 210, at least 2 exchange board 220
At least 1 backboard 230;At least a part of which 2 exchange board 220 centralized deployment.
In figure 6, business board 210 is deployed in rack, in rack with exchange board 220 concentration
Each business board 210 draw the communications cable 240 by backboard 230 and be connected with exchanging board 220;
In embodiments of the present invention, described backboard 230 also includes: power cable, control cable and data cable,
And then complete control, the interconnection of data-signal in power supply and frame.
Embodiment five
Alternatively, in embodiments of the present invention, described communication system also includes: rack, as shown in Figure 7.
Specifically, include in described rack that at least 2 business boards 210, at least 2 exchange board 220
At least 1 backboard 230;Wherein, at least 2 exchange board 220 distributed deployments.
In the figure 7, by business board 210 with exchange board 220 distributed deployment in rack, work as industry
When distance between business board 210 and exchange board 220 exceedes default distance threshold, business board 210
It is connected with exchange board 220 by backboard 230 and the communications cable 240;
When distance between business board 210 and exchange board 220 is less than the distance threshold preset,
Business board 210 is connected with exchange board 220 by backboard 230 and the communications cable 240;Or, industry
Business board 210 by the pcb board in backboard 230 with exchange board 220 and be connected and (Fig. 7 illustrate only
Business board 210 is connected with exchange board 220 by backboard 230 and the communications cable 240, business board
Not shown in 210 pcb boards passed through in backboard 230 are connected Fig. 7 with exchange board 220).
In embodiments of the present invention, described backboard 230 also includes: power cable, control cable and data
Cable, and then complete control, the interconnection of data-signal in power supply and frame.
Professional should further appreciate that, describes in conjunction with the embodiments described herein
The unit of each example and algorithm steps, it is possible to come with electronic hardware, computer software or the combination of the two
Realize, in order to clearly demonstrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the most according to function
Generally describe composition and the step of each example.These functions are come with hardware or software mode actually
Perform, depend on application-specific and the design constraint of technical scheme.Professional and technical personnel can be to often
Individual specifically should being used for uses different methods to realize described function, but this realization it is not considered that
Beyond the scope of this invention.
Above-described detailed description of the invention, is carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Further describe, be it should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention detailed description of the invention and
, the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a communication system, it is characterised in that described communication system includes: business board, power board
Card, backboard and the communications cable;
Described business board is connected with described backboard, for the process of business;
Described business board card is connected with described power board card by described backboard and the described communications cable;
Described exchange board is connected with described backboard, for receiving the business datum of described business board transmission,
And described business datum is forwarded;
Described communication system also includes: rack;Include in described rack at least 2 described business boards,
At least 2 described exchange boards and described backboard;
Wherein, at least 2 described business boards and at least 2 described exchange board centralized deployments,
Or, at least 2 described business boards and at least 2 described exchange board distributed deployments.
Communication system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described communication system also includes:
Business board connector, described business board connector is fixed on described business board;
Described communication system also includes: back panel connector, and described back panel connector is fixed on described backboard;
Described business board be connected with described backboard particularly as follows:
Described business board connector is fixing with described back panel connector to be connected;
Described business board card is connected with described backboard by described business board connector and described back panel connector
Connect.
Communication system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described communication system also includes:
Power board connector, described power board connector is fixed on described exchange board;
Described exchange board be connected with described backboard particularly as follows:
Described power board card is connected with described backboard by described power board connector and described back panel connector
Connect.
4. according to the communication system described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described communication
System also includes: at least 1 business frame and at least 1 exchange frame;
At least 1 described business board and described backboard, arbitrary described friendship is included in arbitrary described business frame
At least 1 described exchange board and described backboard is included in changing frame;
Wherein, the described business board card in described business frame is by described backboard and the described communications cable and institute
State the described power board card in exchange frame to connect.
5. according to the communication system described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described communication
System also includes: at least 1 Business Processing frame;
At least 1 described business board, at least 1 described exchange is included in arbitrary described Business Processing frame
Board and described backboard;
Wherein, the described business board card in described Business Processing frame passes through described backboard and the described communications cable
It is connected with the described power board card in described Business Processing frame;
Or, the described business board card in described Business Processing frame passes through the PCB in described backboard with described
Power board card in Business Processing frame connects.
Communication system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when described exchange board is concentrated
When formula is disposed, described business board card is connected with described power board card by described backboard and the described communications cable;
Or, when described exchange board distributed deployment, described business board card is by described backboard
Described power board card neighbouring with described business board for PCB is connected, described business board card by described backboard and
The described communications cable described power board card non-adjacent with described business board is connected.
Communication system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described backboard also includes: electricity
Source cable, control cable and data cable.
Communication system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that any two pieces of described business boards
Only can be connected by the most described exchange board between card.
Communication system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the described communications cable specifically wraps
Include cable and optical fiber.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310109277.3A CN103236991B (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | Communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310109277.3A CN103236991B (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | Communication system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103236991A CN103236991A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
CN103236991B true CN103236991B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=48885008
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310109277.3A Active CN103236991B (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | Communication system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN103236991B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015081506A1 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Interconnection system for communications device |
CN104902352A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-09 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Large-capacity cluster equipment with multiple business frames and exchange frames |
CN105376659B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-05-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of light back board component and a kind of communication equipment |
CN106612243A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-05-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A backboard component and a communication device |
CN106953816A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2017-07-14 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Communication exchange device |
CN108023838B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2021-04-27 | 新华三技术有限公司 | Communication device |
CN106685858A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-17 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Communication clustering system and communication method |
CN107018015B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2019-07-02 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | A kind of router cluster network element management method and cluster routers |
CN109962733B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-16 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for recovering network synchronization signal after alarm |
CN111008167A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-14 | 四川观想科技股份有限公司 | Distributed computer bus back plate |
CN114079211B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2023-02-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication device |
CN116133313A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication device and method for scheduling service signals |
CN114326976A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | Machine frame back plate, machine frame framework, electronic equipment and data forwarding method |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1889483A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Interframe interconnection communication system and data exchanging method thereof |
CN101039192A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication system and method for processing communication service |
CN101924682A (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | ATCA (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture) exchange system, method and communication device |
CN101984599A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-03-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Backplane, communication equipment and communication systems |
WO2011157118A2 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Advanced telecommunications computing architecture data exchange system, exchange board and data exchange method |
CN102307142A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-01-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Back plate system |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100550880C (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2009-10-14 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | The middle backboard of communication equipment |
CN102291171B (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2016-01-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication system |
CN101420329B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-05-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for upgrading communication system and communication system therefor |
-
2013
- 2013-03-29 CN CN201310109277.3A patent/CN103236991B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1889483A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Interframe interconnection communication system and data exchanging method thereof |
CN101039192A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication system and method for processing communication service |
CN101924682A (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2010-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | ATCA (Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture) exchange system, method and communication device |
CN101984599A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-03-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Backplane, communication equipment and communication systems |
WO2011157118A2 (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Advanced telecommunications computing architecture data exchange system, exchange board and data exchange method |
CN102307142A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-01-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Back plate system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103236991A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103236991B (en) | Communication system | |
US9532471B2 (en) | Perpendicular and orthogonal interconnection system and communications device | |
CN108879150B (en) | Cable backboard and communication equipment | |
JP2017521960A (en) | Backboard structure and centralized switching equipment | |
CN207234816U (en) | A kind of VPX power boards of SRIO and Ethernet | |
US20140247826A1 (en) | Fabric card and communications device | |
CN104902352A (en) | Large-capacity cluster equipment with multiple business frames and exchange frames | |
CN203590346U (en) | Multi-internet access connecting piece and NVR using same | |
CN109757052B (en) | Communication equipment data signal transmission device and communication equipment | |
CN105027518B (en) | Interconnection system for communication equipment | |
CN103716258B (en) | High-density line card, switching device, cluster system and electric signal type configuration method | |
US9750135B2 (en) | Dual faced ATCA backplane | |
CN108733610B (en) | Exchange board and blade server | |
EP3286886B1 (en) | System and method of an improved line card design | |
EP2897325B1 (en) | Communication system | |
CN210270889U (en) | Intelligent analysis expansion equipment and server | |
CN209497046U (en) | Campatible hot swap type interface connector | |
US20160065500A1 (en) | Switch, switching system, switching network chip component, and forwarding chip component | |
CN105813414A (en) | Backboard, two-sided plug backboard, and cross board | |
CN102983981B (en) | Network device and base pin distribution method thereof | |
CN106547715B (en) | A kind of data managing method of the monitoring device based on network transmission | |
WO2021228204A1 (en) | Electronic device | |
US9438349B2 (en) | Optical module, line card and optical communications system | |
CN209497047U (en) | Hot swap type interface connector | |
CN109905284A (en) | Network information module for comprehensive wiring |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |