CN103214770A - Solar cell encapsulating film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solar cell encapsulating film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solar cell encapsulating film and a preparation method thereof. According to the encapsulating film, a fluorine-containing thin film is prepared in an extrusion tape-casting or film blowing way from the following raw materials: 40-55 parts of fluororesin which is added with a small amount of silane coupling agent, organic hyperoxide and a crosslinking catalyst; 10-45 parts of inorganic filler; 10-45 parts of modified resin; 0.05-1.0 part of lubricant; and 0-2 parts of functional assistant. The fluororesin is a copolymer of ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and 1,2,2-trifluorostyrene; and the modified resin is polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate or polyethyl methacrylate. The invention also provides the preparation method of the solar cell encapsulating film. The solar cell protecting film prepared by the method is low in fluorine content and is excellent in anti-ultraviolet-aging characteristic, humidity-resistant performance and weather-proof performance; and simultaneously the mechanical performance of the film is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of solar batteries, particularly a kind of solar cell package film and preparation method thereof.
Technical background
Solar cell backboard is positioned at the back side of solar panel, and the battery sheet is played protection and supporting role, need have reliable insulativity, water preventing ability, ageing-resistant performance.Because backboard plays the decision solar cell vital role in work-ing life in photovoltaic module, along with the rise of photovoltaic industry, the backboard industry also becomes the focus that people pay close attention in recent years.The structure that solar photovoltaic cell backplane is relatively more commonly used at present has TPT structure and TPE structure, wherein T refers to the Tedlar film of E.I.Du Pont Company, composition is that fluorinated ethylene propylene (PVF) film, P refer to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, E refers to ethylene-vinyl acetate resin (EVA) film, bonds with suitable binding agent between three-layer thin-film.The TPT structure refers to PVF film/PET film/PVF membrane structure, and the TPE structure refers to PVF film/PET film/eva film structure.But, the PVF processing difficulties, complicated process of preparation, cost is higher, and PVF commonly used is monopolized by du pont company in the world.
At the deficiencies in the prior art; there is report to adopt other fluorine film to replace the PVF film; CN101582459A(CN200910053911.X for example) provide a kind of be the solar cell backboard of weathering protective layer with the modified polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer; comprise the first bonding successively weathering layer; first adhesive linkage; the structure enhancement layer; second adhesive linkage and second weathering layer; first weathering layer and second weathering layer are the polyblend alloy layer of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and inorganic materials; the structure enhancement layer is the polyethylene terephthalate layer, and first adhesive linkage and second adhesive linkage are the urethane glue-lines; polyacrylic ester glue-line or epoxy adhesive layer.
The content of fluoropolymer is higher in present most of modified polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer, therefore can guarantee the performance of film, and the content height of fluoropolymer causes the cost of film higher.Be unfavorable for that suitability for industrialized production and mass market apply.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides that a kind of fluorine content is low, excellent property, solar cell package film that cost is low and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The solar cell package film adopts the mode of extruding curtain coating or blown film to make by following raw material and contains fluorine film, and raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
Fluororesin 40-55 part in the fluoro-resin quality, is added with silane coupling agent 0.5-4.5wt%, organo-peroxide 0.01-0.6wt%, crosslinking catalyst 0.01-0.8wt%;
Mineral filler 10-45 part, modified resin 10-45 part, lubricant 0.05-1.0 part, functional agent 0-2 part;
Described fluoro-resin is ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, described mineral filler are the oxide compound of titaniferous, aluminium, tin, element silicon, and described modified resin is polyacrylic ester, polymethylmethacrylate or polyethyl methacrylate; Described functional agent is one of oxidation inhibitor, antiaging agent, photostabilizer, light absorber or combination;
Described ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, in the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, the mol ratio that ethene and tetrafluoroethylene sum account for multipolymer is 90-99.9%, the mol ratio between ethene and the tetrafluoroethylene is (30～70): (70～30); R 1216 and 1,2, the mol ratio of 2-trifluorostyrene sum in multipolymer is 0.1-10%, R 1216 and 1,2, the mol ratio between the 2-trifluorostyrene is (10～90): (90～10).
Preferably, described ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, in the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, the tetrafluoroethylene molar content is 46～55%; The ethene molar content is 36～44%; The R 1216 molar content is 3～7%; 1,2,2-trifluorostyrene molar content is 1～7%.Ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, the molar content sum of 2-trifluorostyrene is 100%.
Described ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene can be by any copolyreaction preparation of prior art, as solution polymerization process, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization etc.Preferably, with ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, four kinds of monomers of 2-trifluorostyrene mix by proportioning, adopt solution polymerization process to carry out the multipolymer that copolyreaction makes in organic solvent, solvent is selected from the suitable reaction solvent of fluorocarbon solvent or fluorochloroparaffins and other.
Described silane coupling agent is selected from vinyltrimethoxy silane or vinyltriethoxysilane, described organo-peroxide is dicumyl peroxide (DCP) or dibenzoyl peroxide, and described crosslinking catalyst is one or more in dibutyltin dilaurate, lauric acid toxilic acid dibutyl tin, Bis(lauroyloxy)dioctyltin, Witco 1298 Soft Acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonation acetyl, toluenesulphonic acids, the toluene sulfonation acetyl.
According to the present invention, preferred, described silane coupling agent is a vinyltrimethoxy silane, and preferred content is 1.5-2.5wt%;
Described organo-peroxide is preferably dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and preferred content is 0.1-0.3wt%;
Described crosslinking catalyst is preferably dibutyltin dilaurate, and preferred content is 0.1-0.4wt%;
Described mineral filler is nano level titanium dioxide, silicon-dioxide or aluminium sesquioxide.
Described modification tree refers to be preferably polymethylmethacrylate for polymethylmethacrylate or polyethyl methacrylate;
Described lubricant is any one or any several combination in cured of stearic acid, butyl stearate, ethylene bis stearic acid amide, native paraffin, synthetic paraffin, polyethylene wax or polypropylene.
Oxidation inhibitor, photostabilizer, light absorber are all selected by this area is conventional in the described functional agent.Oxidation inhibitor is selected from that Hinered phenols, photostabilizer are selected from hindered amines, light absorber is selected from benzophenone class or benzotriazole category.Further being preferably as follows of described functional agent: antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or antioxidant BHT; Photostabilizer 770 or photostabilizer 622LD; Light absorber UV-P or light absorber UV-O.
Further preferred according to the present invention, the solar cell package film, raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
Ethene-tetrafluoro multipolymer 40-50 part in ethene-tetrafluoro copolymer quality, is added with dicumyl peroxide 0.1-0.3wt%, vinyltrimethoxy silane 1.5-2.5wt%; Dibutyltin dilaurate 0.1-0.4wt%;
TiO
210-40 part, polymethylmethacrylate 15-35 part, lubricant 0.1-1.0 part, functional agent 0.5-2 part.
The preparation method of solar cell package film of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) fluoro-resin is divided two groups, prepare pellet A, prepare pellet B through forcing machine through forcing machine with silane coupling agent and organo-peroxide respectively, make that fluoro-resin content sum is the total amount of fluoro-resin in the proportioning raw materials among pellet A, the pellet B with crosslinking catalyst.The mass ratio of fluoro-resin is (90～98) among pellet A and the pellet B: (2～10).
(2) pellet A and pellet B are mixed, mix with mineral filler, modified resin, lubricant and functional agent again through extruding curtain coating or blown film mode and make and contain fluorine film, and finished crosslinked in 9～11 hours through 85 ± 5 ℃ of water-baths.
Preferably, making the thickness that contains fluorine film is 20-40 μ m.
Further preferred according to the present invention, the preparation method of solar cell package film, raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
Ethene-tetrafluoro multipolymer 40-50 part in ethene-tetrafluoro copolymer quality, is added with dicumyl peroxide 0.1-0.3wt%, vinyltrimethoxy silane 1.5-2.5wt%; Dibutyltin dilaurate 0.1-0.4wt%;
TiO
210-40 part, polymethylmethacrylate 15-35 part, lubricant 0.1-1.0 part, functional agent 0.5-2 part.
Get ethene-tetrafluoro multipolymer 95% with silane coupling agent and organo-peroxide through double-screw extruding pelletizing, pellet A; 5% and the crosslinking catalyst of getting ethene-tetrafluoro multipolymer get pellet B through double-screw extruding pelletizing; To get that pellet A and pellet B and mineral filler, modification tree refer to, lubricant and functional agent mix that to make thickness be that 20-40 μ m contains fluorine film through extruding curtain coating or blown film mode, and finished crosslinked in 10 hours through 85 ± 5 ℃ of water-baths.
Ethene of the present invention, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene is a kind of ETFE (tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer) fluoroplastics of modification, the ETFE of this modification has good mechanical property, chemical resistant properties and ageing-resistant performance, and adhesion property is good, is the preferred material of solar cell package film weathering layer.
Protecting solar cell film provided by the invention; under the condition that melt extrudes, make polymkeric substance finish the grafting process by interpolation silane coupling agent, organo-peroxide; under the crosslinking catalyst effect, finish the crosslinking reaction of polymkeric substance then; make the fluorine film under lower content, still have moisture-proof, the weather resistance of excellent anti-ultraviolet ageing characteristic, excellence; improved the mechanical strength of film simultaneously; and the saving cost has very important meaning to the solar cell industry.Silane coupling agent has the silicoorganic compound of special construction, it very easily produces firm chemical bond with inorganic materials, can produce good binding with organic polymer material again, give material mechanical property, electric property, water tolerance, thermotolerance and preservative property etc. better.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below by specific embodiment, but be not limited only to this.Material per-cent among the embodiment is mass percent.Raw material among the embodiment is commercial product.
Embodiment 1:
The solar cell package film, raw materials quality part is formed: 53 parts of fluorine resins, nano level TiO
227 parts in powder, 18 parts of polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA), 1.0 parts of polyethylene waxs, 1.0 parts of functional agents, this functional agent is by 0.3 part of antioxidant 1010,770,0.4 part of light absorber UV-P of 0.3 part of photostabilizer; Making film thickness is 30 μ m.
With the agent of fluorine resin quality, add silane coupling agent vinyl Trimethoxy silane 2.3wt%, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 0.2wt%; Crosslinking catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate 0.3wt%;
Described fluorine resin is ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene (modification ETFE), and tetrafluoroethylene composition molar content is 49% in the multipolymer; Ethene composition molar content is 43.5%; R 1216 composition molar content is 5.8%; Trifluorostyrene composition molar content is 3.7%.
The preparation method is as follows:
(1) with the 95wt% of fluoro-resin and silane coupling agent and organo-peroxide through double-screw extruding pelletizing, pellet A.
(2) with the 5wt% of fluoro-resin and crosslinking catalyst through double-screw extruding pelletizing, pellet B.
(3) pellet A, pellet B and mineral filler, modification tree are referred to, to make thickness be that 30 μ m contain fluorine film through extruding curtain coating or blown film mode according to above-mentioned ratio for lubricant and functional agent etc., and finished crosslinked in 10 hours through 85 ± 5 ℃ of water-baths
Embodiment 2: as described in embodiment 1, different is: change main component ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2 in the fluorine film, the composition of the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, and with nano level TiO
2The mass ratio (as table 1) of powder, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).To account for molar content be 50.6% to the tetrafluoroethylene composition in the multipolymer of present embodiment; It is 36.8% that the ethene composition accounts for molar content; R 1216 content accounts for 6.8%; It is 5.8% that the trifluorostyrene composition accounts for molar content.
Embodiment 3: as described in embodiment 1, different is: change main component ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2 in the fluorine film, the composition of the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, and nano level TiO
2The mass ratio (as table 1) of powder, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).To account for molar content be 54.3% to the tetrafluoroethylene composition in the multipolymer of present embodiment; It is 41.4% that the ethene composition accounts for molar content; It is 3.2% that the R 1216 composition accounts for molar content, and it is 1.3% that the trifluorostyrene composition accounts for molar content.
Comparative Examples 1: reference sample 1, do not add silane coupling agent, organo-peroxide and crosslinking catalyst, other compositions and preparation method are identical with embodiment 1, and the mass ratio of material is as shown in table 1 below in the fluorine film.
Material ratio in table 1, the fluorine film
Standard detection in the fluorine film according to the form below 2 of above embodiment 1-3 and reference sample 1 preparation as can be known, this fluorine film mechanical property excellence, ageing-resistant performance is good, the results are shown in table 2.
Annotate: described fluorine film is meant the fluorine protecting solar cell film of low fluorine protecting solar cell film of the present invention or Comparative Examples.Down together.
Table 2, product performance
Embodiment 4:
The solar cell package film, raw materials quality part is formed: fluorine resin ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2,48 parts of multipolymers of 2-trifluorostyrene and mineral filler SiO
230 parts, 20 parts of polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA), 0.7 part in lubricant paraffin, 1.3 parts of functional agents, making film thickness is 25 μ m.Functional agent is 0.3 part of antioxidant 1076,0.2 part of photostabilizer 622LD and 0.2 part of light absorber UV-O.
Fluorine resin ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, each monomer ratio in the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene is identical with embodiment 1.
Preparation process such as embodiment 1, different is that the silane coupling agent that adds at pellet A is vinyltriethoxysilane 1.8wt%, organo-peroxide is dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 0.3wt%; Crosslinking catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate 0.2t% in pellet B interpolation.
Embodiment 5:
The solar cell package film, raw materials quality part is formed: fluorine resin ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2,44 parts of multipolymers of 2-trifluorostyrene and mineral filler Al
2O
332 parts, 22 parts of polymethylmethacrylates (PMMA), 0.5 part of lubricant chlorinatedpolyethylene, 1.5 parts of functional agents, making film thickness is 20 μ m.Functional agent is the mixing of 0.5 part of antioxidant BHT, 770,0.5 part of light absorber UV-O of 0.5 part of photostabilizer.Ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, each monomer ratio in the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene is identical with embodiment 1.
Preparation process such as embodiment 1, different is, and to add silane coupling agent at pellet A be vinyltriethoxysilane 2.0wt%, organo-peroxide is dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 0.1wt%; Add crosslinking catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate 0.3wt% at pellet B;
Comparative Examples 2: reference sample 2 is not added silane coupling agent, organo-peroxide and crosslinking catalyst, and other compositions are identical with embodiment 4.
Standard detection in the fluorine film according to the form below 3 of above embodiment 4-5 and reference sample 2 preparations as can be known, this fluorine film mechanical property excellence, ageing-resistant performance is good, the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3, product performance
Claims (10)
1. the solar cell package film adopts the mode of extruding curtain coating or blown film to make by following raw material and contains fluorine film, and raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
Fluororesin 40-55 part in the fluoro-resin quality, is added with silane coupling agent 0.5-4.5wt%, organo-peroxide 0.01-0.6wt%, crosslinking catalyst 0.01-0.8wt%;
Mineral filler 10-45 part, modified resin 10-45 part, lubricant 0.05-1.0 part, functional agent 0-2 part;
Described fluoro-resin is ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, described mineral filler are the oxide compound of titaniferous, aluminium, tin, element silicon, and described modified resin is polyacrylic ester, polymethylmethacrylate or polyethyl methacrylate; Described functional agent is one of oxidation inhibitor, antiaging agent, photostabilizer, light absorber or combination;
Described ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, in the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, the mol ratio that ethene and tetrafluoroethylene sum account for multipolymer is 90-99.9%, the mol ratio between ethene and the tetrafluoroethylene is (30～70): (70～30); R 1216 and 1,2, the mol ratio of 2-trifluorostyrene sum in multipolymer is 0.1-10%, R 1216 and 1,2, the mol ratio between the 2-trifluorostyrene is (10～90): (90～10).
2. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described ethene, tetrafluoroethylene, R 1216 and 1,2, and in the multipolymer of 2-trifluorostyrene, the tetrafluoroethylene molar content is 46～55%; The ethene molar content is 36～44%; The R 1216 molar content is 3～7%; 1,2,2-trifluorostyrene molar content is 1～7%.
3. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described silane coupling agent is selected from vinyltrimethoxy silane or vinyltriethoxysilane, described organo-peroxide is dicumyl peroxide (DCP) or dibenzoyl peroxide, and described crosslinking catalyst is one or more in dibutyltin dilaurate, lauric acid toxilic acid dibutyl tin, Bis(lauroyloxy)dioctyltin, Witco 1298 Soft Acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonation acetyl, toluenesulphonic acids, the toluene sulfonation acetyl.
4. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described silane coupling agent is a vinyltrimethoxy silane, and content is 1.5-2.5wt%.
5. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described organo-peroxide is dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and content is 0.1-0.3wt%.
6. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described crosslinking catalyst is a dibutyltin dilaurate, and content is 0.1-0.4wt%.
7. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described mineral filler is nano level titanium dioxide, silicon-dioxide or aluminium sesquioxide; Described modification tree refers to be preferably polymethylmethacrylate for polymethylmethacrylate or polyethyl methacrylate; Described lubricant is any one or any several combination in cured of stearic acid, butyl stearate, ethylene bis stearic acid amide, native paraffin, synthetic paraffin, polyethylene wax or polypropylene.
8. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the described functional agent, oxidation inhibitor is selected from antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or antioxidant BHT; Photostabilizer is selected from photostabilizer 770 or photostabilizer 622LD; Light absorber is selected from light absorber UV-P or light absorber UV-O.
9. solar cell package film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
Ethene-tetrafluoro multipolymer 40-50 part in ethene-tetrafluoro copolymer quality, is added with dicumyl peroxide 0.1-0.3wt%, vinyltrimethoxy silane 1.5-2.5wt%; Dibutyltin dilaurate 0.1-0.4wt%;
TiO
210-40 part, polymethylmethacrylate 15-35 part, lubricant 0.1-1.0 part, functional agent 0.5-2 part.
10. the preparation method of each described solar cell package film of claim 1～9, step is as follows:
(1) fluoro-resin is divided two groups, prepare pellet A, prepare pellet B through forcing machine through forcing machine with silane coupling agent and organo-peroxide respectively, make that fluoro-resin content sum is the total amount of fluoro-resin in the proportioning raw materials among pellet A, the pellet B with crosslinking catalyst; The mass ratio of fluoro-resin is (90～98) among pellet A and the pellet B: (2～10);
(2) pellet A and pellet B are mixed, mix with mineral filler, modified resin, lubricant and functional agent again through extruding curtain coating or blown film mode and make and contain fluorine film, and finished crosslinked in 9～11 hours through 85 ± 5 ℃ of water-baths; Preferably making the thickness that contains fluorine film is 20-40 μ m.
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