CN103192073B - A kind of nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure and preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure and preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN103192073B
CN103192073B CN201310110043.0A CN201310110043A CN103192073B CN 103192073 B CN103192073 B CN 103192073B CN 201310110043 A CN201310110043 A CN 201310110043A CN 103192073 B CN103192073 B CN 103192073B
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shell structure
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李勇超
刘斌全
任伯帜
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

Nanometer iron silicon compound particle that the invention discloses a kind of three-layer nuclear shell structure and preparation method thereof and application.Nanometer iron silicon compound particle prepared by the present invention, its kernel is the silicon powder particle of modification, and average grain diameter is 90 ~ 110nm; Utilize and improve liquid phase reduction, first synthesize the Nanoscale Iron (SF-Fe of silicon powder load 0), nulvalent iron particle particle diameter is 20 ~ 60nm; Then sol-gel process is adopted, at SF-Fe 0skin is coated one deck SiO equably 2, its thickness is 5 ~ 10nm.This three-layer nuclear shell structure makes nanometer nulvalent iron particle not only have better stability and activity, and the transfer ability in simulated soil strengthens greatly, in addition, the inventive method equipment needed thereby is simple, simple process, has a good application prospect in environment pollution control etc.

Description

A kind of nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure and preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano material preparation and environment-friendly engineering technical field, nanometer iron silicon compound particle being specifically related to a kind of three-layer nuclear shell structure and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Nano iron particles has powerful removal ability to pollutant various in water body, is widely used in field of environment pollution control, and the preparation of Nanoscale Iron also result in be paid close attention to widely.But nano-iron material also exists the problems such as air stability difference, easily reunion, production cost height.And can Nanoscale Iron arrive contaminated area by underground reservoir, most important to removal pollutant.Classical filtration theory points out that colloidal solid is mainly affected by Blang's diffusion motion, the effect of damming, gravitational settling by porous media such as soil or underground reservoir.Tufenkji-Elimelech model describes this three kinds of power interactional more classical models, and this model prediction is 0.1-1 μm [EnvironSciTechnol, 2004,38 (2): 529 – 536] to colloid by the optimum grain-diameter of soil.In general, unmodified Nanoscale Iron is easily reunited, and particle diameter is even greater than 10 μm, and colloidal solid can block pore entrance, causes pore deformation, thus seriously hinders its migration in soil.
For this problem, adopt the carrier with appropriate particle size directly to synthesize Supported Nano Zero-valent Iron microballoon, make it can spread smoothly in soil.This carrier also has following advantage simultaneously: (1) prevents nano iron particles from growing up and reunites; (2) domain size distribution is controlled; (3) surface modification.Support materials selected is at present also a lot, as active carbon, and graphite and structural membrane etc.But these carrier costs are higher or granular size is improper.
The solid waste that silicon powder produces when being and producing Antaciron in ore-smelting electric furnace, it has, and particle is tiny, specific area is large, cheap and easy to get, SiO 2the physicochemical property that purity height and strong pozzolanic activity etc. are excellent, and silicon powder surface distributed many hydroxyls, and they can be formed in various molecule and intermolecular hydrogen bond.These characteristics show that silicon powder can as the carrier of dispersing nanometer iron.
In order to the time enabling Nanoscale Iron existence stable in the air longer, or macromolecule organic material inorganic at Nanoscale Iron Surface coating one deck usually.Selected clad material not only should have good antioxygenic property, can improve the stability of Nanoscale Iron in air and water, and its existence can not have influence on the reactivity of Nanoscale Iron and pollutant.Forming nucleocapsid structure at Nanoscale Iron Surface coating one deck larger molecular organics film is a kind of method relatively commonly used, as: shitosan, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, starch and polyethylene etc.But organic macromolecule generally at high temperature easily decomposes, and nano material at high temperature has stronger activity, and the ability that perchlorate removed by such as iron under 200 DEG C of conditions obviously strengthens.Therefore SiO 2with A1 2o 3the core-shell structure formed etc. inorganic material is studied widely in nano material.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, one is provided to have better dispersed and non-oxidizability, and the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure that the transfer ability in simulated soil strengthens greatly, be characterized in: this composite has three-layer nuclear shell structure, kernel is silicon powder, surface uniform distribution nulvalent iron particle, outermost layer is coated again SiO 2layer.
Be preferably, the described silicon powder as kernel, average grain diameter is 90 ~ 110nm; The average grain diameter of surface uniform distribution nulvalent iron particle is 20 ~ 60nm; Outermost layer SiO 2the average thickness of layer is 5 ~ 10nm.
More preferably: the average grain diameter of the described silicon powder as kernel is 100nm; The average grain diameter of surface uniform distribution nulvalent iron particle is 40 ~ 50nm; Outermost layer SiO 2the average thickness of layer is 7 ~ 8nm.
Two of object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of equipment needed thereby is simple, the preparation method of the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of the three-layer nuclear shell structure of simple process, and it comprises the steps:
(1) prepare the silicon powder slurries of 13g/L, then add hydrochloric acid solution, adjust ph is 6.5 ~ 7.0, and natural subsidence 2 ~ 3h gets upper strata slurries, centrifugally obtains modified silicon micro mist;
(2) silicon powder of step (1) gained modification is dispersed in FeCl 3alcohol solution in, wherein, volume ratio of alcohol to water is 3:7, and the molar concentration making iron ion is 0.01 ~ 0.03mol/L, and pass into nitrogen deoxygenation 30 ~ 40min, then mechanical agitation 10 ~ 20min mixes, and obtains mixed solution;
(3) under mechanical stirring to step (2) gained mixed solution and dripping KBH 4or NaBH 4solution, reaction 40-50min, obtains the Nanoscale Iron solution of black;
(4) Nanoscale Iron solution obtained for step (3) is isolated the particle of black through magnetic method, then wash and obtain the nano-iron particle of silicon powder load with distilled water, ethanol;
(5) nano-iron particle of step (4) gained silicon powder load being dispersed in volume ratio of alcohol to water is in the alcohol solution of 7:3, add ethyl orthosilicate again, then slowly dripping mass fraction is the ammonia spirit of 25%, and room temperature reaction 10 ~ 14h, obtains the solution of black;
(6) the dark solution magnetic method that step (5) is obtained is isolated compound particle, first wash three times with deionized deoxygenated water, then wash three times with ethanol, dry, namely obtain SiO 2the nanometer iron silicon compound particle with three-layer nuclear shell structure of layer parcel.
Specifically, the concentration of the modified silicon powder described in step (2) in mixed solution is 3 ~ 10g/L.
Specifically, the KBH of the mixed solution and dripping obtained after deoxygenation described in step (3) 4or NaBH 4with FeCl in step (2) 3mol ratio be 3 ~ 5.
Specifically, add ethyl orthosilicate described in step (5) in the alcohol water mixed solution of silicon powder loaded with nano iron particle, wherein, the volume ratio of ethyl orthosilicate and whole mixed solution is 1:300 ~ 1000.
Specifically, in step (5), the rate of addition of ammonia spirit is 2 drops/sec.
Three of object of the present invention is the application of the nanometer iron silicon compound particle providing above-mentioned three-layer nuclear shell structure, is namely applied to the Cr (VI) removed in underground water.
First the inventive method utilizes improvement liquid phase reduction, the nano-iron particle (SF-Fe of synthesis silicon powder load 0), then adopt sol-gel process, synthesize SiO 2cladding nanometer material, realizes the stabilization processes of Nanoscale Iron by load and Surface coating, prepare the nanometer iron silicon compound particle (SF-Fe of three-layer nuclear shell structure that is stable in the air, that have high surface first 0siO 2).The present invention is with the Cr (VI) in underground water for handling object, and the static experiment of room investigates the effect that Nanoscale Iron removes Cr (VI) by experiment, studies the animal migration of Nanoscale Iron in simulated soil under certain hydraulics.
Equipment required for the present invention is simple, simple process, and reaction completes at normal temperatures, and product is solid phase, and reaction system is liquid phase, and product is easily separated, and is applicable to large-scale industrial production.By two-step method, first make Nanoscale Iron be dispersed in silicon powder surface uniformly, enhance the dispersiveness of Nanoscale Iron, then make SiO 2be coated on nanometer nulvalent iron particle surface uniformly, in turn enhance the non-oxidizability of Nanoscale Iron.The preparation method of the nanometer iron silicon composite of three-layer nuclear shell structure of the present invention is easy, unharmful substance, belong to friendly process, and material has a large amount of Si-O-Si, O-Si-O group, adsorbable product Cr (III) and Fe (III), in addition, the domain size distribution of integral composite is 100-300nm, within the best migration circle of soil, can be widely used in groundwater remediation field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is SF-Fe of the present invention 0siO 2the preparation flow figure of particle.
Fig. 2 is SF-Fe prepared by the present invention 0siO 2the XRD spectra of particle.
Fig. 3 is SF-Fe prepared by the present invention 0siO 2particle removes the design sketch of Cr (VI) in water.
Fig. 4 is SF-Fe prepared by the present invention 0siO 2migration energy in simulated soil is tried hard to.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and experiment embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
See Fig. 1, be the nanometer iron silicon compound particle SF-Fe of three-layer nuclear shell structure of the present invention 0siO 2preparation flow figure.Mainly comprise three processes, first prepare the silicon powder of modification, by sour modification, the oh group on silicon powder surface strengthens, and secondly zeroth order Nanoscale Iron is evenly distributed in silicon powder surface, then by prepared SF-Fe 0be dispersed in ethyl orthosilicate solution, by sol-gel process, at SF-Fe 0coated one deck SiO of surface uniform 2, finally use deionized water, absolute ethanol washing respectively, obtain SF-Fe 0siO 2composite particles.
Detailed process is as described below.
(1) modified silicon micro mist is prepared:
Preparation 13g/L silicon powder slurries, then add hydrochloric acid solution, adjust pH6.5, natural subsidence 2.5h, get upper strata slurries, centrifugally obtain modified silicon micro mist;
(2) deoxygenation:
The silicon powder of 0.1g modification is scattered in 40mlFeCl 3alcohol solution in, wherein, volume ratio of alcohol to water is 3:7, and the molar concentration making iron ion is 0.015mol/L, and pass into nitrogen deoxygenation 35min, then mechanical agitation 15min mixes, and obtains mixed solution;
(3) SF-Fe is prepared 0solution:
0.1gKBH is added under mechanical stirring in mixed solution 4solution, reaction 40min, obtains the Nanoscale Iron solution of black;
(4) SF-Fe is prepared 0particle:
Above-mentioned SF-Fe is isolated through magnetic method 0particle, then washs with distilled water, ethanol and obtains SF-Fe 0particle;
(5) SF-Fe is prepared 0siO 2solution:
By above-mentioned SF-Fe 0uniform particle is dispersed in 50ml alcohol water (volume ratio of alcohol to water is 7:3) solution, then adds 0.05ml ethyl orthosilicate, and then slowly dripping 0.3ml mass fraction is the ammonia spirit of 25%, and room temperature reaction 12h, obtains the nanometer SF-Fe of black 0siO 2solution;
(6) SF-Fe is prepared 0siO 2particle:
SF-Fe is isolated by magnetic method 0siO 2particle, first washs three times with deionized deoxygenated water, then washs three times with ethanol, dry, namely obtains product S F-Fe 0siO 2composite.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is preparing the SF-Fe of black 0during solution, its reactant adopts NaBH 4kBH in solution alternate embodiment 1 4solution, other step is all same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
(1) modified silicon micro mist is prepared:
Preparation 13g/L silicon powder slurries, then add hydrochloric acid solution, adjust pH6.5, natural subsidence 2.5h, get upper strata slurries, centrifugally obtain modified silicon micro mist;
(2) deoxygenation:
The silicon powder of 0.2g modification is scattered in 50mlFeCl 3alcohol solution in, wherein, volume ratio of alcohol to water is 3:7, and the molar concentration making iron ion is 0.02mol/L, and pass into nitrogen deoxygenation 35min, then mechanical agitation 15min mixes, and obtains mixed solution;
(3) SF-Fe is prepared 0solution:
Under mechanical stirring to mixed solution and dripping 0.17gKBH 4solution, reaction 40min, obtains the Nanoscale Iron solution of black;
(4) SF-Fe is prepared 0particle:
Above-mentioned SF-Fe is isolated through magnetic method 0particle, then washs with distilled water, ethanol and obtains SF-Fe 0particle;
(5) SF-Fe is prepared 0siO 2solution:
By above-mentioned SF-Fe 0uniform particle is dispersed in 50ml alcohol water (volume ratio of alcohol to water is 7:3) solution, then adds 0.1ml ethyl orthosilicate, and then slowly dripping 0.5ml mass fraction is the ammonia spirit of 25%, and room temperature reaction 12h, obtains the nanometer SF-Fe of black 0siO 2solution;
(6) SF-Fe is prepared 0siO 2particle:
SF-Fe is isolated by magnetic method 0siO 2particle, first washs three times with deionized deoxygenated water, then washs three times with ethanol, dry, namely obtains product S F-Fe 0siO 2composite.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment is preparing the SF-Fe of black 0during solution, its reactant adopts NaBH 4kBH in solution alternate embodiment 3 4solution, other step is all same as embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5:
(1) modified silicon micro mist is prepared:
Preparation 13g/L silicon powder slurries, then add hydrochloric acid solution, adjust pH6.5, natural subsidence 2.5h, get upper strata slurries, centrifugally obtain modified silicon micro mist;
(2) deoxygenation:
The silicon powder of 0.3g modification is scattered in 50mlFeCl 3alcohol solution in, wherein, volume ratio of alcohol to water is 3:7, and the molar concentration making iron ion is 0.03mol/L, and pass into nitrogen deoxygenation 35min, then mechanical agitation 15min mixes, and obtains mixed solution;
(3) SF-Fe is prepared 0solution:
Under mechanical stirring to the freshly prepd KBH of mixed solution and dripping 0.25g 4solution, reaction 40min, obtains the Nanoscale Iron solution of black;
(4) SF-Fe is prepared 0particle:
Above-mentioned SF-Fe is isolated through magnetic method 0particle, then washs with distilled water, ethanol and obtains SF-Fe 0particle;
(5) SF-Fe is prepared 0siO 2solution:
By above-mentioned SF-Fe 0uniform particle is dispersed in 50ml alcohol water (volume ratio of alcohol to water is 7:3) solution, then adds 0.12ml ethyl orthosilicate, and then slowly dripping 0.8ml mass fraction is the ammonia spirit of 25%, and room temperature reaction 12h, obtains the nanometer SF-Fe of black 0siO 2solution;
(6) SF-Fe is prepared 0siO 2particle:
SF-Fe is isolated by magnetic method 0siO 2particle, first washs three times with deionized deoxygenated water, then washs three times with ethanol, dry, namely obtains product S F-Fe 0siO 2composite.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment is preparing the SF-Fe of black 0during solution, its reactant adopts NaBH 4kBH in solution alternate embodiment 5 4solution, other step is all same as embodiment 5.
Experiment results of the present invention is as follows:
(1) Major Components of three-layer nuclear shell structure nanometer iron silicon composite prepared of the present invention is as follows: by SF-Fe 0siO 2particle washs post-drying under nitrogen protection, obtains black solid, uses X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument to measure composition.Interpretation of result is as follows: the diffraction maximum having 1 obvious disperse at ° place, 2 θ=44.75, and this illustrates that the zeroth order Nanoscale Iron of synthesis is amorphous.Have 1 steamed bun shape amorphous diffraction maximum in about 22.5 ° of regions, it is amorphous SiO that this peak is generally identified as 2characteristic diffraction peak, carrier silicon powder and SiO are described 2layer successfully combines with Nanoscale Iron, and test result as shown in Figure 2.
(2) performance test that Cr (VI) in water removed by the three-layer nuclear shell structure nanometer iron silicon composite that prepared by the present invention is as follows: be add the SF-Fe that iron content is 0.03g in Cr (VI) solution of 50mg/L to 100ml initial concentration 0siO 2particle, reacts under normal temperature and pressure, measures Cr (VI) residual in solution, found that, in 120min, and SF-Fe 0siO 2almost the Cr of 50mg/L (VI) can be removed completely, test result as shown in Figure 3.
(3) the three-layer nuclear shell structure nanometer iron silicon composite prepared of the present invention is as follows in the test of soil mobility performance: be that the top of the quartz sand column of 0.39 adds the SF-Fe that 10ml concentration of iron is 2.5mg/L at porosity 0siO 2slurries, then add the deionized water of certain pore volume (porevolume, PV) in sand column top by constant flow pump, flow velocity is 14ml/min, calculate SF-Fe by the quality measuring the Zero-valent Iron of moving 0siO 2in the transmitance of quartz sand column, found that the SF-Fe of 69% 0siO 2by simulated soil, test result as shown in Figure 4.
Above one embodiment of the present of invention have been described in detail, but described content being only preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not being considered to for limiting practical range of the present invention.All equalizations done according to the present patent application scope change and improve, and all should still belong within patent covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a nanometer iron silicon compound particle for three-layer nuclear shell structure, it is characterized in that: this compound particle has three-layer nuclear shell structure, kernel is silicon powder, surface uniform distribution nulvalent iron particle, outermost layer is coated again SiO 2layer; The described silicon powder as kernel, average grain diameter is 90 ~ 110nm; The average grain diameter of surface uniform distribution nulvalent iron particle is 20 ~ 60nm; Outermost layer SiO 2the average thickness of layer is 5 ~ 10nm.
2. the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the average grain diameter of the described silicon powder as kernel is 100nm; The average grain diameter of surface uniform distribution nulvalent iron particle is 40 ~ 50nm; Outermost layer SiO 2the average thickness of layer is 7 ~ 8nm.
3. a preparation method for the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) prepare the silicon powder slurries of 13g/L, then add hydrochloric acid solution, adjust ph is 6.5 ~ 7.0, and natural subsidence 2 ~ 3h gets upper strata slurries, centrifugally obtains modified silicon micro mist;
(2) silicon powder of step (1) gained modification is dispersed in FeCl 3alcohol solution in, wherein, volume ratio of alcohol to water is 3:7, and the molar concentration making iron ion is 0.01 ~ 0.03mol/L, and pass into nitrogen deoxygenation 30 ~ 40min, then mechanical agitation 10 ~ 20min mixes, and obtains mixed solution;
(3) under mechanical stirring to step (2) gained mixed solution and dripping KBH 4or NaBH 4solution, reaction 40-50min, obtains the Nanoscale Iron solution of black;
(4) Nanoscale Iron solution obtained for step (3) is isolated the particle of black through magnetic method, then wash and obtain the nano-iron particle of silicon powder load with distilled water, ethanol;
(5) nano-iron particle of step (4) gained silicon powder load being dispersed in volume ratio of alcohol to water is in the alcohol solution of 7:3, add ethyl orthosilicate again, then slowly dripping mass fraction is the ammonia spirit of 25%, and room temperature reaction 10 ~ 14h, obtains the solution of black;
(6) the dark solution magnetic method that step (5) is obtained is isolated compound particle, first wash three times with deionized deoxygenated water, then wash three times with ethanol, dry, namely obtain SiO 2the nanometer iron silicon compound particle with three-layer nuclear shell structure of layer parcel.
4. the preparation method of the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the concentration of the modified silicon micro mist described in step (2) in mixed solution is 3 ~ 10g/L.
5. the preparation method of the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the KBH of the mixed solution and dripping obtained after deoxygenation in step (3) 4or NaBH 4with FeCl in step (2) 3mol ratio be 3 ~ 5.
6. the preparation method of the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in step (5), in the alcohol water mixed solution of silicon powder loaded with nano iron particle, add ethyl orthosilicate, wherein, the volume ratio of ethyl orthosilicate and whole mixed solution is 1:300 ~ 1000.
7. the preparation method of the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (5), the rate of addition of ammonia spirit is 2 drops/sec.
8. an application for the nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: for removing the Cr (VI) in underground water.
CN201310110043.0A 2013-03-29 2013-03-29 A kind of nanometer iron silicon compound particle of three-layer nuclear shell structure and preparation method and application Expired - Fee Related CN103192073B (en)

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