CN103174429A - Underground cavity extra-large dome excavating construction method - Google Patents
Underground cavity extra-large dome excavating construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underground cavity extra-large dome excavating construction method. The underground cavity extra-large dome excavating construction method comprises the following steps: first, a dome cavity and a guiding cavity connected with the dome cavity are vertically layered; second, the dome cavity is symmetrically divided into a plurality of areas with the guiding cavity as an axis; third, an upper layer of guiding cavity is excavated and supported, each area is symmetrically excavated with the vertical axis of the dome cavity as an axis in a stagger mode and is gradually away from the vertical axis, and after a single area is excavated, systematic supporting is conducted on a top arch of the dome cavity according to design requirements; and fourth, a lower layer of guiding cavity is excavated and supported, each area is symmetrically excavated with the vertical axis of the dome cavity as an axis in a stagger mode and is gradually away from the vertical axis, and after a single area is excavated, systematic supporting is conducted on a top arch of the dome cavity according to design requirements; and due to the adoption of the steps mentioned above, excavating construction of the extra-large dome of an underground cavity is safely and high efficiently achieved. The simultaneous construction method of layering, area dividing and left-right diagonal staggered area ensures construction quality and construction safety, and meanwhile greatly improves work efficiency and reduces engineering construction cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the underground cavern excavation construction field, particularly the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber.
Background technology
In underground excavation engineering, be designed with dome-shaped, i.e. crown curved surface shape spherical in shape underground chamber, for example surge shaft in power station.for middle-size and small-size class dome-shaped cavern, usually the span of arch (being the dome diameter) is less than 12m, the job practices at dome position mainly contains pilot tunnel method, cross excavation method, fan-shaped stick method, annular center pillar method etc., but the dome position for especially big dome-shaped underground chamber, the dome of the span of arch more than 20 meters for example, if adopt these job practicess, exist working space narrow, each operation phase mutual interference is large, it is larger that the shot hole explosive payload is controlled difficulty, country rock is yielding unstable, constructing operation is extremely inconvenient, the shortcomings such as crown excavation forming quality is wayward, be difficult to adopt large-scale excavation, support apparatus, therefore work efficiency is low, duration is difficult for guaranteeing, construction cost is large.
" Chinese Water Conservancy Hydroelectric Project Construction " 2011. first phase 24-27 pages have been put down in writing " Huizhou Pump-storage Plant tail water surge shaft dome excavation construction ", have adopted along the method for circumference brill lateral aperture and have carried out excavation construction, have obtained good excavation molding effect.But when adopting the method, the operating space is relatively narrow, is unfavorable for adopting the Large Construction facility, such as boring quick-fried chassis etc., and when the span of arch is larger, for example reaches 20m even during 30m, and the height of cavern's dome is higher, construction inconvenience, inefficiency.
" Shanxi architecture " January in 2008, the 3rd phase 152-153 page was put down in writing " blasting construction on silo dome of left bank mixing system of Xiaowan power station ", adopted the constructure scheme with gallery symmetrical branch piecemeal, the problem that exists is, when the diameter of cavern's dome becomes large, when for example reaching 30 meters, this moment, the height of cavern's dome was higher, and construction is difficulty comparatively, and construction danger increases.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber, can realize that a plurality of work planes construct simultaneously, and working space is larger, be suitable for adopting large-scale excavation, support apparatus construction, reduced difficulty of construction and security risk, and each operation phase mutual interference is little, crown excavation forming quality is easy to control, work efficiency is higher, and construction cost is lower.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber comprises the following steps:
One, with dome cavern and the pilot tunnel that is attached thereto by upper lower leaf;
Two, with the dome cavern with pilot tunnel for being divided into axisymmetrically a plurality of sections;
Three, the pilot tunnel on excavation upper strata, pilot drive is complete rear to its crown position carrying out system supporting by designing requirement; Take the vertical axis of dome cavern as each section of shaft staggered symmetrical excavation, and progressively away from this vertical axis, after single section excavation is complete, the dome crown is carried out system supporting by designing requirement, in digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure;
Four, excavate the pilot tunnel of lower floor, after pilot drive is complete, its side wall is carried out system supporting by designing requirement; Take the vertical axis of dome cavern as each section of shaft staggered symmetrical excavation, and progressively away from this vertical axis, after each section excavation is complete, the dome crown is carried out system supporting by designing requirement, in digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure;
By the safe and efficient especially big dome excavation construction of underground chamber of realizing of above-mentioned steps.
In step 2, section, the upper strata quantity of division is more than the quantity of lower floor section.
In step 4, also be provided with the topping of annular outside each section and between dome design profile line, topping construction again after inner section excavation is completed.
In step 3 and four, the work plane of construction must not be over two simultaneously.
In step 3 and four, adopt monolithic district's independence explosion during explosion, forbid a plurality of scope of operations to implement simultaneously explosion.
In step 3, the upper strata excavation adopts and bores the boring of quick-fried chassis cooperation artificial hand air drill, and boring aperture is φ 42 ± 3mm, take the slotting excavation, main explosion hole drill lateral aperture, the perimeter hole in contiguous dome crown outline line zone adopts the smooth blasting method as far as possible along the boring of outline line direction hand air drill.
In described smooth blasting, the breaking hole pitch-row is with 1 ± 0.1m, and the perimeter hole pitch-row is with 0.5 ± 0.05m, and the excavation cyclic advance is controlled at 1.5 ± 0.15m.
In step 4, lower floor's excavation adopts down-the-hole drill boring, coordinates the heading blast method.
In step 4, the lower floor's pilot tunnel in the dome cavern also is provided with one section and reserves the slope, and wherein outlet one end near pilot tunnel is higher, and described reservation ramp slope is 12% ± 1%.
In step 4, the last excavation construction in described reservation slope, or together with the well bore of bottom, dome cavern part excavation construction.
The especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber provided by the invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, cavern surrounding rocks is carried out layering, subregion according to the principle of " breaking the whole up into parts, partial excavation ", thereby reduced the excavation span, reduced difficulty of construction and security risk.
2, the same layer rock mass is followed the principle of " the wrong cross of left and right diagonally opposing corner section construct simultaneously ", and according to the sequencing excavation construction of determining, two work plane operations simultaneously, each operation phase mutual interference is little, is conducive to improve work efficiency, reduces Construction Cost.
3, be close to the perimeter hole in dome outline line zone, adopt along the parallel bore mode of outline line hoop, both be conducive to the convenient working personnel operation, also be easy to the forming quality that guarantees that the dome outline line once excavates.
4, after dome lower floor pilot drive was completed, because the supporting of upper strata dome is completed, during the rock excavation of its both sides, working space was larger, is easy to adopt large-scale excavation supporting equipment, and in conjunction with the construction of heading blast method, was conducive to further increase work efficiency.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Fig. 1 is the vertical section structure schematic diagram of dome cavern in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cross-sectional schematic of Fig. 1, and what show in figure is minute section schematic diagram on upper strata.
Fig. 3 is the present invention's sequence of excavation and tunneling direction schematic diagram of section at the middle and upper levels.
Fig. 4 is the present invention's schematic diagram of pilot drive at the middle and upper levels.
Fig. 5 is the B-B cross-sectional schematic of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the C-C cross-sectional schematic of Fig. 1, and what show in figure is minute section schematic diagram of lower floor.
Fig. 7 is the vertical section schematic diagram of lower floor section excavation in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is lower floor section sequence of excavation and tunneling direction schematic diagram in the present invention.
In figure: stratification line 1, pilot tunnel 2, the second layer 3, first floor 4 is reserved slope 5, topping 6, system supporting 7, dome cavern 8.
The specific embodiment
In Fig. 1～8, the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber comprises the following steps:
One, with dome cavern 8 and the pilot tunnel 2 that is attached thereto by upper lower leaf; Specifically as shown in fig. 1, be divided into dome cavern 8 and pilot tunnel 2 two-layer in this example.The first floor take stratification line 1 as the boundary 4 as shown in fig. 1 and the second layer 3.Sequence of construction in design is first to excavate first floor 4, then excavates the second layer 3, thereby construction height is controlled in the scope of constructability.In this example, upper and lower two layer heights of pilot tunnel 2 about equally.
Two, with dome cavern 8 with pilot tunnel 2 for being divided into axisymmetrically a plurality of sections; Concrete as shown in Fig. 2,6, in Fig. 2, be divided into 9 sections, be divided into 6 sections in Fig. 6, the I in Fig. 2-1～I-5' section for example, the II in Fig. 6-1～II-4' section.As can be seen from the figure, the scheme of optimization, in step 2, section, the upper strata quantity of division is more than the quantity of lower floor section.This is when being the second layer 3 construction because of the lower floor section, the section, upper strata is the system supporting 7 that first floor 4 had excavated and completed crown, the security risk less, working space is larger, therefore can be divided into larger section, be convenient to adopt down-the-hole drill boring, coordinate the heading blast method, with further accelerating construction progress.
Three, the pilot tunnel 2 on excavation upper strata, the width of pilot tunnel 2 and highly general 1/4～1/3 control according to the span of value.First excavate upper strata pilot tunnel 2, pilot tunnel is divided into left and right two parts along center line symmetrically with dome; In pilot drive construction, after face entered the dome zone, its crown excavation line was along curved the gradually changing of dome design profile line, specifically as shown in Figure 4; After pilot drive is complete, to crown and side wall position, by designing requirement implementation system supporting 7, herein except the side wall in dome zone.In digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure.The working procedure of system supporting and temporary lining and method are implemented with reference to existing conventional method.
8 vertical axis is each section of shaft staggered symmetrical excavation take the dome cavern, and progressively away from this vertical axis, be specially as shown in Figure 3 sequence of excavation and tunneling direction, construct simultaneously successively I-2 and I-2 ', I-3 and I-3 ', I-4 and I-4 ' and I-5 and I-5 '.Namely staggered symmetrical with vertical axis or be called and similarly construct simultaneously with vertical axis rotational symmetric two sections, the staggered job practices of wrong cross, guarantee that two sections of constructing simultaneously do not interfere with each other thus, and especially construction equipment and transportation do not interfere with each other.Adopt the form of construction work that progressively coordinates stage excavation away from the form of construction work of vertical axis, further guaranteed excavation construction safety, and efficiency of construction is high, especially be convenient to the scheduling of engineering truck.
The work plane of construction must not be over two simultaneously, after preorder section excavation is completed and the dome crown is carried out system supporting by designing requirement, in digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure, the follow-up section of constructing successively again, until dome first floor 4 all construction is complete.
In step 3, the upper strata excavation adopts and bores the boring of quick-fried chassis cooperation artificial hand air drill, and boring aperture is φ 42 ± 3mm, take the slotting excavation, main explosion hole drill lateral aperture, the perimeter hole in contiguous dome crown outline line zone adopts the smooth blasting method as far as possible along the boring of outline line direction hand air drill.
In described smooth blasting, preferred breaking hole pitch-row is advisable with 1 ± 0.1m, fills continuously diameter phi 32mm emulsification powder stick; The perimeter hole pitch-row is advisable with 0.5 ± 0.05m, selects φ 25mm emulsification powder stick, spaced loading, and line density preferably is advisable with 110～130g/m, and perhaps actual blasting parameter can further be determined according to on-the-spot explosion bulge test.In Fig. 3, arrow points is preferred tunneling direction, and the excavation cyclic advance is controlled at 1.5 ± 0.15m.
Four, the pilot tunnel 2 of excavation lower floor, and extend in dome, after pilot tunnel 2 excavations of lower floor are completed, the side wall of pilot tunnel 2 carried out supporting by designing requirement, herein except the side wall in dome zone.
8 vertical axis is each section of shaft staggered symmetrical excavation take the dome cavern, and progressively away from this vertical axis, be specially the sequence of excavation shown in Fig. 8 and tunneling direction, construct simultaneously successively II-2 and II-2 ', II-3 and II-3 ', namely two districts with the staggered symmetry of vertical axis construct simultaneously, and the work plane of construction must not be over two simultaneously.
Down-the-hole drill boring is adopted in each section, and boring aperture is φ 90 ± 9mm, and pitch of holes is advisable with 2 ± 0.2m; Adopt the heading blast method, the preferred diameter phi of dress continuously 70mm emulsification powder stick, perhaps actual blasting parameter can be determined according to on-the-spot explosion bulge test.
In this step; the scheme of optimizing, the reservation topping 6(that also is provided with annular outside each section and between dome design profile line is II in Fig. 6-4 section), reserve topping 6 construction again after inner section excavation is complete; scheme, be beneficial to the moulding of crown curved-surface structure thus.In step 4, lower floor's pilot tunnel 2 in dome cavern 8 also is provided with one section and reserves slope 5, i.e. as shown in Figure 7 II-5, wherein outlet one end near pilot tunnel 2 is higher, described reservation slope 5 gradients are 12% ± 1%, reserve the setting on slope 5, both have been conducive to plant equipment current, also reduce the projected depth of pilot tunnel, saved the open excavation amount of pilot tunnel.II-4, II-5 district is that the smooth blasting method is implemented with reference to the quick-fried method of the brill described in step 3, and wherein said reservation slope 5 is the last excavation construction in II-5 section, or together with the well bore part of 8 bottoms, dome cavern excavation construction.
After reservation topping 6 excavations are complete, the dome crown is carried out system supporting by designing requirement, in digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure.
By the safe and efficient especially big dome excavation construction of underground chamber of realizing of above-mentioned steps.
Especially should be noted that, in step 3 and four, should adopt monolithic district's independence explosion during explosion, forbid a plurality of scope of operations to implement simultaneously explosion, further, each bursting work face is also take pilot tunnel as the operation of axis of symmetry individual interleaving, and further to guarantee construction safety, for example preferred blasting sequence shown in Figure 5 is (1) → (2) ... (18).
Claims (10)
1. especially big dome excavation construction method of underground chamber is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, with dome cavern (8) and the pilot tunnel (2) that is attached thereto by upper lower leaf;
Two, with dome cavern (8) with pilot tunnel (2) for being divided into axisymmetrically a plurality of sections;
Three, the pilot tunnel (2) on excavation upper strata, pilot tunnel (2) excavation is complete rear to its crown position carrying out system supporting by designing requirement; Take the vertical axis of dome cavern (8) as each section of shaft staggered symmetrical excavation, and progressively away from this vertical axis, after single section excavation is complete, the dome crown is carried out system supporting by designing requirement, in digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure;
Four, excavate the pilot tunnel (2) of lower floor, after pilot tunnel (2) excavation is complete, its side wall is carried out system supporting by designing requirement; Take the vertical axis of dome cavern (8) as each section of shaft staggered symmetrical excavation, and progressively away from this vertical axis, after each section excavation is complete, the dome crown is carried out system supporting by designing requirement, in digging process, to the relatively poor location of local geological conditions, can take at random the temporary lining measure;
By the safe and efficient especially big dome excavation construction of underground chamber of realizing of above-mentioned steps.
2. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2, section, the upper strata quantity of division is more than the quantity of lower floor section.
3. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in step 4; also be provided with the reservation topping (6) of annular outside each section and between dome design profile line, reserve topping (6) construction again after inner section excavation is completed.
4. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 3 and four, the work plane of construction must not be over two simultaneously.
5. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 3 and four, adopt monolithic district's independence explosion during explosion, forbid a plurality of scope of operations to implement simultaneously explosion.
6. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 3, the upper strata excavation adopts and bores the boring of quick-fried chassis cooperation artificial hand air drill, boring aperture is φ 42 ± 3mm, take the slotting excavation, main explosion hole drill lateral aperture, the perimeter hole in contiguous dome outline line zone adopts the smooth blasting method as far as possible along the boring of outline line direction hand air drill.
7. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 6 is characterized in that: in described smooth blasting, the breaking hole pitch-row is with 1 ± 0.1m, and the perimeter hole pitch-row is with 0.5 ± 0.05m, and the excavation cyclic advance is controlled at 1.5 ± 0.15m.
8. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 4, lower floor's excavation adopts down-the-hole drill boring, coordinates the heading blast method.
9. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 4, lower floor's pilot tunnel (2) in dome cavern (8) also is provided with one section and reserves slope (5), wherein outlet one end near pilot tunnel (2) is higher, and described reservation slope (5) gradient is 12% ± 1%.
10. the especially big dome excavation construction method of a kind of underground chamber according to claim 9 is characterized in that: in step 4, the last excavation construction in described reservation slope (5), or together with the well bore part of bottom, dome cavern (8) excavation construction.
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| CN104061007A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Technology for constructing super large span dome of underground nuclear reactor plant cavern by preserving center rock pillar |
| CN104806252A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 | Underground dome excavation construction arrangement structure and excavation method |
| CN105201532A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 中铁九局集团第二工程有限公司 | Ring excavation construction method for underground large-span spherical-cap-shaped dome under weak surrounding rock |
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| CN114109449B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-08-08 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Large-span underground cavern dome supporting structure |
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