CN103172435A - Controlled-release fertilizer for wax-apple trees and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Controlled-release fertilizer for wax-apple trees and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controlled-release fertilizer for wax-apple trees and a method for preparing the controlled-release fertilizer. The controlled-release fertilizer is prepared by compounding reaction film-forming polymer coated urea with 4% coating quantity, reaction film-forming polymer coated urea with 5% coating quantity, coated magnesium-potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulphate. The nutritional synchronous controlled-release fertilizer specially used for the wax-apple trees is prepared according to the nutrient requirement rule and the essential nutrients of the wax-apple trees, can supply the nutrients needed by the wax-apple trees continuously and synchronously to meet the needs of the wax-apple trees for three elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and nutritive elements including zinc and boron, can take effect for a long time, has the effects of improving the yield of wax apples, improving the taste of the wax apples and ensuring that the wax apples have good taste and the attractive appearance and solves the problem of high cost due to the single use of the controlled-release fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers technical field, relate to a kind of wax-apple Controlled Release Fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Wax-apple is named again a day peach, water wax jambo, belongs to Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae), is a kind of important fruit tree in many tropical and subtropical countries.Wax-apple originates in country in Southeast Asia, and now all there is plantation on the ground such as Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan, and Taiwan is to plant in the world wax-apple technology most advanced and largest place, and Hainan is that wax-apple optimal place is planted in the continent.At present, wax-apple is to plant one of best fruit of economic benefit in tropical fruit, and field planting was gathered in the crops in 3 years afterwards, and the per mu yield value reaches 40,000 yuan, has considerable economic benefit, and wax-apple has become one of important channel of farmer richness.The Ministry of Agriculture of country points out will develop rare fruit 6.67 ten thousand hm2 such as wax-apple, so wax-apple to have vast potential for future development in to hotwork industry restructuring suggestion.
Need to absorb more nutritive substance in Annual growth cycle of wax-apple, must regularly append fertilizer to wax-apple, to satisfy growth and the required nutrient of fruit.But what wax-apple fertilising was at present mainly used is readily avaiable fertilizer, there is no dedicated fertilizer, because the torrid areas is long rainy season, rainfall is large, and fertilizer nutrient dissolves in soil soon, easily run off rapidly, not only the utilization ratio of fertilizer is low, causes the serious wasting of resources, and needs fertilising 3-4 time, could satisfy the needs of a growth cycle of wax-apple, not only increase cost of labor, and poor effect, peasant's decline in benefits.Wax-apple does not reach the purpose that improves output and quality, and this is the fertile urgent problem of wax-apple.
Release and release control fertilizer is to realize that nutrient discharges the new-type fertilizer of synchronizeing with Crop, can control according to the growth demand of crop burst size and the release rate of fertilizer nutrient, reach the efficient purpose of volume increase, have once or use the suitable nutrient that can provide the whole growth cycle of crop required few time, increase output, alleviate the characteristics such as nitrogenous fertilizer pollution.If but it is high separately it to be used in the wax-apple cost, the peasant is difficult for accepting, and is unfavorable for using.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wax-apple Controlled Release Fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer provided by the invention, its activeconstituents is comprised of each component of following mass parts:
Coated carbamide 50-150 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Coated carbamide 50-150 part of 5% reaction film forming;
Coating potassium magnesium sulfate 50-150 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Urea 100-300 part;
Phosphate fertilizer 50-200 part;
Potash fertilizer 200-500 part;
Zinc fertilizer 1-10 part;
Boron fertilizer 1-20 part;
Described 4% the reaction film forming coated carbamide refer to the quality of coating layer be described 4% be reacted into membrane envelope urea total mass 4%;
Described 5% the reaction film forming coated carbamide refer to the quality of coating layer be described 5% be reacted into membrane envelope urea total mass 5%;
Described 4% the reaction film forming the coating potassium magnesium sulfate refer to the coating layer quality be described 4% the reaction film forming coating potassium magnesium sulfate total mass 4%;
In described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide is 1: 0.2～0.6: 0.7～1.0, is specially 1: 0.5: 0.9 or 1: 0.2: 0.8 or 1: 0.2-0.5: 0.8-0.9.
Wherein, the coated carbamide of the coated carbamide of described 4% reaction film forming and 5% reaction film forming is the coated carbamide of the reaction film forming of heat curing-type, specifically is selected from least a in the coated carbamide of the coated carbamide of coated carbamide, epoxy resin reaction film forming of polyurethanes reaction film forming and alkyd resin class reaction film forming; The coated carbamide of this reaction film forming all take vegetables oil and solidifying agent as main raw material, need not to add solvent, cleanliness without any pollution in the film-coated controlled release fertilizer manufacturing processed.
The release period of the coated carbamide of described 4% reaction film forming is 45-60 days, is specially 60 days;
Release period 60-100 days of coated carbamide of described 5% reaction film forming are specially 90 days;
The release period of the coating potassium magnesium sulfate of described 4% reaction film forming is 45-60 days, is specially 60 days;
Described phosphate fertilizer is selected from least a in diammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate and monoammonium phosphate;
Described potash fertilizer is selected from least a in Repone K, saltpetre, potassium primary phosphate and vitriolate of tartar;
Described zinc fertilizer is selected from least a in zinc sulfate and chelated zinc;
Described boron fertilizer is borax.
In described Controlled Release Fertilizer, the particle diameter of each component is the 2-5 millimeter.Common described granulated fertilizer is spherical and irregular granular.
The quality of described nitrogenous fertilizer is in the nitrogen element in described nitrogenous fertilizer, and the quality of described phosphate fertilizer is in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the quality of described potash fertilizer is in potassium oxide.
Concrete, the mass parts of the coated carbamide of described 4% reaction film forming is 50;
The mass parts of the coated carbamide of described 5% reaction film forming is 80;
The mass parts of coating potassium magnesium sulfate of described 4% reaction film forming is 80 or 100 or 80-100;
The mass parts of described urea is 200;
The mass parts of described phosphate fertilizer is 150;
The mass parts of described potash fertilizer is 230 or 250 or 230-250;
The mass parts of described zinc fertilizer is 5 or 10 or 5-10;
The mass parts of described boron fertilizer is 15 or 20 or 15-20;
Concrete, described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, its activeconstituents is comprised of each component of following mass parts:
Coated carbamide 50-130 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Coated carbamide 50-130 part of 5% reaction film forming;
Coating potassium magnesium sulfate 50-120 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Urea 120-280 part;
Phosphate fertilizer 50-250 part;
Potash fertilizer 230-380 part;
Zinc fertilizer 2-10 part;
Boron fertilizer 5-20 part.
More specifically, described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, its activeconstituents is comprised of each component of following mass parts:
50 parts of the coated carbamides of 4% reaction film forming;
80 parts of the coated carbamides of 5% reaction film forming;
Coating potassium magnesium sulfate 80-100 part of 4% reaction film forming;
200 parts, urea;
150 parts, phosphate fertilizer;
Potash fertilizer 230-250 part;
Zinc fertilizer 5-10 part;
Boron fertilizer 15-20 part.
More specifically, described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer is comprised of each component of following mass parts:
50 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
80 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 5% reaction film forming of 90 days;
100 parts of the coating potassium magnesium sulfates of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
200 parts, urea;
150 parts of diammonium phosphate;
250 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
5 parts, zinc sulfate;
15 parts of boraxs;
Or, formed by each component of following mass parts:
50 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
80 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 5% reaction film forming of 90 days;
80 parts of the coating potassium magnesium sulfates of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
200 parts, urea;
150 parts of diammonium phosphate;
230 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
10 parts, zinc sulfate;
20 parts of boraxs.
The method of the described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer of preparation provided by the invention comprises the steps: aforementioned each component mixing is obtained described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer.
The present invention also provides a kind of fertilizing method of wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, comprises the steps: described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer is applied at short florescence of the strong tip and flowering fruit bearing stage respectively.
In above-mentioned fertilizing method, the mass ratio of the wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer that applies at short florescence of the described strong tip and flowering fruit bearing stage is 5～7: 5～3, is specially 6: 4.
The short florescence of the described strong tip specifically can be the September in Chinese Hainan Province;
Described flowering fruit bearing stage is the March in Chinese Hainan Province.
Described applying in step, fertilizing method are ordinary method, specifically can be along the tree crown drip and open an annular fertilization ditch, earthing after uniform of application;
Every strain rate of fertilizer application is 1-1.5 jin, is specially 1.2 jin.
the present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of wax-apple special nutritional synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer, this invention utilizes three kinds of different coating quantities to be reacted into the Nutrient Release of membrane polymer coating controlled-release fertilizer, simultaneously according to the law of nutritive absorption of wax-apple with specific coating quantity different time of releasing section singly plant release and release control fertilizer and the part readily avaiable fertilizer carries out the composite synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of wax-apple special nutritional that obtains, can continue the required nutrient of synchronous supply wax-apple, improved utilization rate of fertilizer, avoided again problem of environmental pollution, the trace element zinc and the boron that add can improve wax-apple quality and outward appearance, having increased the peasant is benefited, and a large amount of field experiments have been carried out, obtained following beneficial effect:
1, fertilizer efficiency is fast, and fertilizer efficiency is long, and fertilizer efficiency is comprehensive.Existing Controlled Release Fertilizer long-lasting has again the quick-acting of inorganic fertilizer, the wholesomeness of trace element.Nutrient proportioning science increases substantially utilization ratio and the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer.
2, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition releasing rule meet wax-apple absorption needs.Wax-apple is from blooming to assimilation ratio and the different amts of fruit harvesting different steps to nutrient.It is composite that the synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of wax-apple special nutritional selects the coating controlled-release fertilizer in different release period to carry out according to the law of nutritive absorption of wax-apple just, forms nutrient element releasing rule and meet the wax-apple absorbing rule, satisfies the nutritional needs of wax-apple.
3, reduce fertilizer loss, preserve the ecological environment.The nutrient of the synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of special nutritional is progressively to discharge along with the absorption of wax-apple, nutrient ion residual in soil is few, because the nutrient of rainfall or irrigation loss is also few, not only reduces fertilizer loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduced the harm of fertilising to environment from the source.
4, wax-apple commodity performance is good.Nutrient is balanced, promotes transfer, the transportation of photosynthate, improves crop quality, and solid content is high, and mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, light perfume (or spice), significantly improves its commodity performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the nutrient absorption law graphic representation of embodiment 1 wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer nutrient element releasing rule and wax-apple, thick line is Controlled Release Fertilizer nitrogen nutrient releasing rule line, fine rule is the Absorption of Nitrogen law curve of wax-apple, and X-coordinate is the bearing time of wax-apple, and ordinate zou is nitrogen nutrient.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can get from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
The coated carbamide (being the coated carbamide of polyurethanes reaction film forming) of coated carbamide, the release period 5% reaction film forming of 90 days of the following embodiment release period used 4% reaction film forming of 60 days and the coating potassium magnesium sulfate of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days are all available from China Bluechemical Ltd,, and production code member is respectively PCU10, PCU14 and PCK9;
The fertilizer releasing period of wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer adopts the GB/T23348-2009 standard test.
The selected material of the present invention requires: 1. fertilizer is particulate state, and good fluidity; 2. particle diameter is in 2.5～5 millimeters scopes, and various materials can be complementary; 3. more than the nutrient content index that amount of nutrients has provided above should be able to reaching.
Embodiment 1: the wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer
Particle diameter is each raw material of 2-5 millimeter by following proportioning mixing, obtains the wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer:
50 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
80 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 5% reaction film forming of 90 days;
100 parts of the coating potassium magnesium sulfates of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
200 parts, urea;
150 parts of diammonium phosphate;
250 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
5 parts, zinc sulfate;
15 parts of boraxs;
In this wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide is 19: 9: 17, also namely 1: 0.5: 0.9.
The nutrient absorption law graphic representation of the nutrient element releasing rule of this Controlled Release Fertilizer and wax-apple as shown in Figure 1.As seen from the figure, the law curve that the nutrient of controlled release special fertilizer and pineapple absorb is substantially identical, can improve wax-apple to the absorption rate of fertilizer.
Embodiment 2: the wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer
Particle diameter is each raw material of 2-5 millimeter by following proportioning mixing, obtains the wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer:
50 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
80 parts of the coated carbamides of the release period 5% reaction film forming of 90 days;
80 parts of the coating potassium magnesium sulfates of the release period 4% reaction film forming of 60 days;
200 parts, urea;
150 parts of diammonium phosphate;
230 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
10 parts, zinc sulfate;
20 parts of boraxs;
In this wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide is 20: 10: 16, also namely 1: 0.2: 0.8.
The nutrient absorption law graphic representation of this Controlled Release Fertilizer and Fig. 1 repeat no more without substantive difference herein.
Comparative Examples: (total nutrient content 45%, wherein the quality percentage composition of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element is 15% to common compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.)
The effect of above embodiment 1-2 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Ling Jiao village, main road town, Qionghai City, Hainan Province
Test period: 2010-2011
Wax-apple kind: Taiwan black pearl, the age of tree 4 years
For trying soil: basalt-latolol
Testing program:
In Comparative Examples by every strain 1.5 jin of composite fertilizers; Use by peasant habit, namely front at the short florescence (September) of the strong tip, 0.7 jin of every strain fertilising; At 3-4 month flowering fruit bearing stage, 0.4 jin of every strain fertilising; Gather latter stage in the 6-7 month, 0.4 jin of every strain fertilising.
The total consumption of fertilizer of embodiment 1 or 2 gained wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizers is with upper identical.Fertilizing method is the conventional fertilizer application method, opens an annular fertilization ditch, earthing after uniform of application along the tree crown drip.The wax-apple special fertilizer applied for twice altogether at short florescence (September) of the strong tip and flowering fruit bearing stage (March), and the mass ratio of fertilizer is 6: 4.
The gained fertilization effect is as shown in table 1.Wherein, the top grade rate take the single fruit weight of wax-apple fruit as more than 100g as excellent.
The fertilization effect evaluation of table 1, wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer
As seen from table, compared with the control, use the synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of wax-apple special nutritional provided by the present invention and all improved to a certain extent wax-apple output, obviously be better than contrast; The wax-apple commodity improves.Simultaneously, use the synchronous Controlled Release Fertilizer of wax-apple special nutritional of the present invention and can obviously reduce the fertilising labor force.
Claims (10)
1. wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, its activeconstituents is comprised of each component of following mass parts:
Coated carbamide 50-150 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Coated carbamide 50-150 part of 5% reaction film forming;
Coating potassium magnesium sulfate 50-150 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Urea 100-300 part;
Phosphate fertilizer 50-200 part;
Potash fertilizer 200-500 part;
Zinc fertilizer 1-10 part;
Boron fertilizer 1-20 part;
Described 4% the reaction film forming coated carbamide refer to the quality of coating layer be described 4% be reacted into membrane envelope urea total mass 4%;
Described 5% the reaction film forming coated carbamide refer to the quality of coating layer be described 5% be reacted into membrane envelope urea total mass 5%;
Described 4% the reaction film forming the coating potassium magnesium sulfate refer to the coating layer quality be described 4% the reaction film forming coating potassium magnesium sulfate total mass 4%;
In described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide is 1: 0.2～0.6: 0.7～1.0.
2. Controlled Release Fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer, and its activeconstituents is comprised of each component of following mass parts:
Coated carbamide 50-130 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Coated carbamide 50-130 part of 5% reaction film forming;
Coating potassium magnesium sulfate 50-120 part of 4% reaction film forming;
Urea 120-280 part;
Phosphate fertilizer 50-250 part;
Potash fertilizer 230-380 part;
Zinc fertilizer 2-10 part;
Boron fertilizer 5-20 part.
3. Controlled Release Fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the coated carbamide of the coated carbamide of described 4% reaction film forming and 5% reaction film forming is the coated carbamide of the reaction film forming of heat curing-type, specifically is selected from least a in the coated carbamide of the coated carbamide of coated carbamide, epoxy resin reaction film forming of polyurethanes reaction film forming and alkyd resin class reaction film forming.
4. according to claim 1-3 arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizers is characterized in that: the release period of the coated carbamide of described 4% reaction film forming is 45-60 days, is specially 60 days; Or,
Release period 60-100 days of coated carbamide of described 5% reaction film forming are specially 90 days; Or,
The release period of the coating potassium magnesium sulfate of described 4% reaction film forming is 45-60 days, is specially 60 days.
5. according to claim 1-4 arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizers is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is selected from least a in diammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate and monoammonium phosphate; Or,
Described potash fertilizer is selected from least a in Repone K, saltpetre, potassium primary phosphate and vitriolate of tartar.
6. according to claim 1-5 arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizers is characterized in that: described zinc fertilizer is selected from least a in zinc sulfate and chelated zinc.
7. according to claim 1-6 arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizers, it is characterized in that: described boron fertilizer is borax.
8. a method for preparing the arbitrary described Controlled Release Fertilizer of claim 1-7, comprise the steps: arbitrary described each component mixing with claim 1-7, obtains described Controlled Release Fertilizer.
9. the fertilizing method of the arbitrary described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer of claim 1-7, comprise the steps: the arbitrary described wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer of claim 1-7 is applied at short florescence of the strong tip and flowering fruit bearing stage respectively.
10. fertilizing method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the wax-apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer that applies at short florescence of the described strong tip and flowering fruit bearing stage is 5～7: 5～3;
Or every strain rate of fertilizer application is 1-1.5 jin, is specially 1.5 jin.
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| CN103664423A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-26 | 海洋石油富岛有限公司 | Nutrition synchronous controlled-release fertilizer special for pepper |
| CN104672006A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-03 | 彭晓宇 | Special medical fertilizer for wax apple |
| CN104692918A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-10 | 彭晓宇 | Preparation method of special syzygium samarangense pesticide fertilizer |
| CN109503296A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-22 | 北京市农林科学院 | L-type and L-type special controlled release fertilizer for rice and its application in rice cropping |
| CN109845465A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of crop seedling fertilizing method |
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| CN104692918A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-06-10 | 彭晓宇 | Preparation method of special syzygium samarangense pesticide fertilizer |
| CN109503296A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-22 | 北京市农林科学院 | L-type and L-type special controlled release fertilizer for rice and its application in rice cropping |
| CN109845465A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of crop seedling fertilizing method |
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| CN103172435B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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