CN103160702A - Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material - Google Patents
Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103160702A CN103160702A CN2013100887063A CN201310088706A CN103160702A CN 103160702 A CN103160702 A CN 103160702A CN 2013100887063 A CN2013100887063 A CN 2013100887063A CN 201310088706 A CN201310088706 A CN 201310088706A CN 103160702 A CN103160702 A CN 103160702A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- silicon carbide
- aluminum
- graphite powder
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a method for preparing a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out ball milling on Al-Si alloy powder for 4-16 hours, mixing the Al-Si alloy powder with modified graphite powder or copper-coated graphite powder through adopting a physical mechanical method for 4-20 hours, putting the mixture into a mould to be subjected to cold press molding, and putting a cold press molding block body into a vacuum furnace or a sintering furnace under the inert atmosphere protection, wherein the heating temperature is 670-1200 DEG C, and the insulating time is 15-120 minutes; and then carrying out hot extrusion molding on the block, and cooling the furnace so as to obtain the in-situ formation silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. By utilizing the method, the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties such as high strength and high abrasion resistance can be prepared, and the preparation method is simple, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material field, particularly a kind of preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles.
Background technology
Aluminum matrix composite has specific tenacity and specific rigidity is high, high-temperature behavior is good, the advantages such as good wear resistance and resistance to fatigue, now become one of the most frequently used most important material in metal-base composites, especially particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material not only has good mechanical property, has more certain economic feasibility.Silicon-carbide particle has the advantages such as high specific strength, wear-resisting, antifatigue, low thermal coefficient of expansion, high-melting-point and Heat stability is good, and therefore, enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles is with a wide range of applications in fields such as aerospace, automobile, electronics.
At present both at home and abroad for the existing more report of the research of Aluminum Matrix Composites Strengthened by SiC, the preparation method who adopts is all almost outer addition, but in outer addition SiC reinforcement phase interface between aluminum substrate be combined unstable, Presence of an interface reaction, reinforced effects is not good.Another kind of method is the original position method of formation in composite material preparation process, is with respect to its advantage of outer addition: the carborundum particle yardstick is little, interface cleanness, good with the matrix phase capacitive, thereby can greatly improve the mechanical property of matrix material.Solubleness due to carbon in molten aluminium is very little, and it is synthetic that this greatly limits the original position of silicon carbide in molten aluminium.Document [G Ferro and C Jacuquier.Growth by a vapour-liquid-solid mechanism:a new approach for silicon carbide epitaxy.New.J.Chem.2004,28:889-896] mixed gas of methane and argon gas is passed in the silicon carbide seed of aluminium coating-silicon melt, utilize rheotaxial growth to prepare the method for silicon carbide under 1100 ℃, but its equipment is complicated, is difficult to scale operation.Application number is the preparation method that the Chinese patent of ZL201010273924.0 has been reported a kind of silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum-silicon-based composite material in situ, and the method adopts aluminum-carbon alloy, industrial crystallization silicon and aluminum-titanium alloy raw material.But the required aluminium of this method-carbon master alloy manufacturing cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, process stabilizing, production cost is low, pollution-free and the original position of suitable suitability for industrialized production generates the preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles.
The present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles, its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: the aluminum silicon alloy powder of 80.0%-97.0%, the modified graphite powder of 3.0%-20.0% or copper-clad Graphite Powder 99; Wherein, in the aluminum silicon alloy powder, siliceous amount percentage composition is 20.0%-60.0%; In the copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, Carbon Content is 40.0%-60.0%, and size range is the 25-150 micron;
(2) the aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder is ground 4-16 hour, then pass through physical mechanical method mixing 4-20 hour with modified graphite powder or copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, be encased in coldmoulding in mould;
(3) block of above-mentioned coldmoulding inserted vacuum oven or have in the sintering oven of inert atmosphere protection; Heating temperature is 670-1200 ℃; soaking time is 15-120 minute, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
The present invention adopts the aluminum silicon alloy powder as the silicon source in the process of preparation matrix material, and through ball-milling processing, particle is more tiny, obviously improves the reactive behavior of aluminum silicon alloy powder; Adopt modified graphite powder or copper-clad Graphite Powder 99 as carbon source, increased the surfactivity of graphite, and can increase the wettability of graphite in molten aluminium in reaction process, promote the carrying out of reaction.After two kinds of powders mixed through physical mechanical, reacting in the vacuum sintering process generated the SiC particle, and two kinds of reaction paths are arranged:
Approach one is gradual reaction mechanism, and graphite first generates Al with reactive aluminum
4C
3, finally develop into SiC under the effect of silicon.Can be by regulation and control Al in this approach
4C
3The appearance and size of phase and distribution, and then SiC granule-morphology and size are regulated and controled.
Approach two is reaction mechanisms of explosion type, under the enough condition of energy, graphite can be directly and silicon effect original position generate the SiC particle, the time of this reaction is shorter, the SiC particle size that generates is generally less.In addition, process by homogenizing, two kinds of powders evenly mix, and graphite is distributed uniform in whole system, so generated in-situ SiC particle dispersion is distributed in matrix.
Adopt modified graphite powder or copper-clad Graphite Powder 99 in step (2), internal structure (the increase degree of disorder) and the surfactivity (increasing specific surface area and scission of link quantity) in order to improve graphite, increase its activity and reactive behavior in molten aluminium, thereby accelerate the generating rate of silicon-carbide particle.
Because the reinforcement silicon-carbide particle directly generates through reaction in-situ, surface cleaning, pollution-free, disperse distributes in matrix, and its size is between 0.2 μ m-5 μ m.The matrix material of gained has higher comprehensive mechanical property.The present invention adopts modified graphite or copper-clad graphite directly as carbon source, need not the pre-configured of other alloy, and undesirable gas generating unit or control device can greatly reduce production costs, and is fit to industrial production and the application of mass-producing.By adjusting the test parameters such as proportioning raw materials and synthesis temperature, can prepare the enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles of mechanical property excellence.
Embodiment
The below provides five most preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: 95.0% aluminum silicon alloy powder, 5.0% modified graphite powder; Wherein, in the aluminum silicon alloy powder, siliceous amount percentage composition is 21.0%.
(2) with after aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder mill 4 hours, then mixed 6 hours through physical mechanical method with the modified graphite powder, be encased in coldmoulding in mould.
(3) block of above-mentioned coldmoulding is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, Heating temperature is 670 ℃, and soaking time is 80 minutes, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.The concrete composition of matrix material is: Al-9Si-16SiC.
Embodiment 2
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: 93.0% aluminum silicon alloy powder, 7.0% modified graphite powder; Wherein, in the aluminum silicon alloy powder, siliceous amount percentage composition is 35.0%.
(2) with after aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder mill 8 hours, then mixed 10 hours through physical mechanical method with the modified graphite powder, be encased in coldmoulding in mould.
(3) block of above-mentioned coldmoulding is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, Heating temperature is 950 ℃, and soaking time is 60 minutes, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.The concrete composition of matrix material is: Al-16Si-22SiC.
Embodiment 3
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: 90.0% aluminum silicon alloy powder, 10.0% copper-clad Graphite Powder 99; Wherein, in the aluminum silicon alloy powder, siliceous amount percentage composition is 30.0%, and in the copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, Carbon Content is 50.0%.
(2) with after aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder mill 12 hours, then mixed 15 hours through physical mechanical method with the copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, be encased in coldmoulding in mould.
(3) block of above-mentioned coldmoulding is inserted in vacuum sintering furnace, Heating temperature is 800 ℃, and soaking time is 90 minutes, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.The concrete composition of matrix material is: Al-16Si-16SiC-5Cu.
Embodiment 4
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: 97.0% aluminum silicon alloy powder, 3.0% modified graphite powder; Wherein, in the aluminum silicon alloy powder, siliceous amount percentage composition is 45.0%.
(2) with after aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder mill 8 hours, then mixed 12 hours through physical mechanical method with the modified graphite powder, be encased in coldmoulding in mould.
(3) block of above-mentioned coldmoulding is inserted in the sintering oven of nitrogen atmosphere protection, Heating temperature is 1200 ℃, and soaking time is 15 minutes, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.The concrete composition of matrix material is: Al-36Si-10SiC.
Embodiment 5
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: 84.0% aluminum silicon alloy powder, 16.0% copper-clad Graphite Powder 99; Wherein, in the aluminum silicon alloy powder, siliceous amount percentage composition is 55.0%, and in the copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, Carbon Content is 60.0%.
(2) with after aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder mill 16 hours, then mixed 20 hours through physical mechanical method with the copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, be encased in coldmoulding in mould.
(3) block of above-mentioned coldmoulding is inserted in the sintering oven of argon gas atmosphere protection, Heating temperature is 900 ℃, and soaking time is 120 minutes, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.The concrete composition of matrix material is: Al-24Si-32SiC-6.4Cu.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of an enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) at first be ready to desired raw material by following mass percent: the aluminum silicon alloy powder of 80.0%-97.0%, the modified graphite powder of 3.0%-20.0% or copper-clad Graphite Powder 99;
(2) the aluminum silicon alloy sphere of powder is ground 4-16 hour, then pass through physical mechanical method mixing 4-20 hour with modified graphite powder or copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, be encased in coldmoulding in mould;
(3) block of step (2) coldmoulding is inserted vacuum oven or had in the sintering oven of inert atmosphere protection; Heating temperature is 670-1200 ℃; soaking time is 15-120 minute, and then hot extrusion molding, can obtain original position after stove is cold and generate enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles.
2. a kind of preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (1) that in aluminum silicon alloy powder used, the quality percentage composition of silicon is 20.0%-60.0%; In the copper-clad Graphite Powder 99, Carbon Content is 40.0%-60.0%.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310088706.3A CN103160702B (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2013-03-19 | Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310088706.3A CN103160702B (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2013-03-19 | Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103160702A true CN103160702A (en) | 2013-06-19 |
CN103160702B CN103160702B (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Family
ID=48584234
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310088706.3A Active CN103160702B (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2013-03-19 | Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN103160702B (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103602869A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-26 | 湖南金马铝业有限责任公司 | Process for preparing high-volume-fraction aluminum silicon carbide-based composite material by powder metallurgic method |
CN105177471A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-23 | 含山县裕源金属制品有限公司 | Damping wear-resisting composite aluminum alloy automobile part mixed with tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whiskers and casting technology of damping wear-resisting composite aluminum alloy automobile part |
CN106893880A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-27 | 陕西科技大学 | In-situ hot pressing generates the preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles |
CN108356273A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-08-03 | 哈尔滨吉星机械工程有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of solid phase recycling graphite particle/hypereutectic al-si composite material |
CN108751175A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-06 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of graphene/carbon SiClx composite material and preparation method |
CN108950280A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-07 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of graphene/carbon SiClx reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof |
CN109136672A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant high strength alumin ium alloy and preparation method |
CN111485141A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-04 | 天钛隆(天津)金属材料有限公司 | SiC particle reinforced aluminum titanium matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN112195354A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-08 | 西安工业大学 | Forming method of SiCp/Al composite material |
CN112281010A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-29 | 西安工业大学 | Forming method suitable for sheet SiCp/Al composite material |
CN114737092A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-12 | 山东大学 | Al-Si alloy and method for producing same |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03111538A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-05-13 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Hyper-eutectic al-si series-alloy composite and its manufacture |
EP0582435A1 (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing TiC whiskers and metallic composite material reinforced by TiC whiskers |
JPH10140265A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-05-26 | Zexel Corp | Wear resistant composite material |
CN1330164A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-09 | 北京科技大学 | Process for in-situ alloying and reaction particles reiforced metal-base composition |
CN1540019A (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing aluminium base alloy of containing T10 and AL2O3 particles |
CN1800424A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2006-07-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for preparing nanometer SiC reinforced aluminum base composite material |
US20100068089A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-18 | Nissei Plastic Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing composite metal alloy and method for manufacturing article from composite metal |
-
2013
- 2013-03-19 CN CN201310088706.3A patent/CN103160702B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03111538A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-05-13 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Hyper-eutectic al-si series-alloy composite and its manufacture |
EP0582435A1 (en) * | 1992-08-06 | 1994-02-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of producing TiC whiskers and metallic composite material reinforced by TiC whiskers |
JPH10140265A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-05-26 | Zexel Corp | Wear resistant composite material |
CN1330164A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-09 | 北京科技大学 | Process for in-situ alloying and reaction particles reiforced metal-base composition |
CN1540019A (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing aluminium base alloy of containing T10 and AL2O3 particles |
CN1800424A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2006-07-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for preparing nanometer SiC reinforced aluminum base composite material |
US20100068089A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-18 | Nissei Plastic Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing composite metal alloy and method for manufacturing article from composite metal |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103602869A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-26 | 湖南金马铝业有限责任公司 | Process for preparing high-volume-fraction aluminum silicon carbide-based composite material by powder metallurgic method |
CN105177471A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-23 | 含山县裕源金属制品有限公司 | Damping wear-resisting composite aluminum alloy automobile part mixed with tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whiskers and casting technology of damping wear-resisting composite aluminum alloy automobile part |
CN106893880A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-27 | 陕西科技大学 | In-situ hot pressing generates the preparation method of enhancing aluminum-base composite material by silicon carbide particles |
CN108356273A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-08-03 | 哈尔滨吉星机械工程有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of solid phase recycling graphite particle/hypereutectic al-si composite material |
CN108751175A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-06 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of graphene/carbon SiClx composite material and preparation method |
CN108950280A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-07 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of graphene/carbon SiClx reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof |
CN108950280B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-06-02 | 辽宁科技大学 | Graphene/silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN109136672A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant high strength alumin ium alloy and preparation method |
CN111485141A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-04 | 天钛隆(天津)金属材料有限公司 | SiC particle reinforced aluminum titanium matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN111485141B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-14 | 天钛隆(天津)金属材料有限公司 | SiC particle reinforced aluminum titanium matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN112195354A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-08 | 西安工业大学 | Forming method of SiCp/Al composite material |
CN112281010A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-29 | 西安工业大学 | Forming method suitable for sheet SiCp/Al composite material |
CN112195354B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-10-26 | 西安工业大学 | Forming method of SiCp/Al composite material |
CN112281010B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-02-11 | 西安工业大学 | Forming method suitable for sheet SiCp/Al composite material |
CN114737092A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-12 | 山东大学 | Al-Si alloy and method for producing same |
CN114737092B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-09-20 | 山东大学 | Heat-resistant high-strength Al-Si alloy and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103160702B (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103160702B (en) | Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material | |
CN101285187B (en) | Method for preparing particulate reinforced metal-based composite material | |
CN107935596B (en) | MAX-phase ceramic Ti prepared by low-temperature sintering by molten salt method3AlC2Method for producing powder | |
CN109338172A (en) | A kind of 2024 aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof of high-entropy alloy enhancing | |
CN105734324A (en) | Preparing method for powder metallurgy high-entropy alloy based composite material | |
CN108705077B (en) | Preparation method of core-shell structure iron-coated ceramic composite powder | |
CN102400001B (en) | Method for preparing granule reinforced aluminum-based composite material of in-situ intermetallic compound | |
CN103073320B (en) | Preparation method for ZrB2-SiC (w) ceramic raw material | |
CN109554565A (en) | A kind of interface optimization method of carbon nanotube enhanced aluminium-based composite material | |
CN110257684A (en) | A kind of preparation process of FeCrCoMnNi high-entropy alloy-base composite material | |
CN104099488B (en) | The method that titanium aluminum carbon granule strengthens Zn Al Alloy Matrix Composites is prepared in a kind of pressureless sintering-pressurization densification | |
CN111533560A (en) | Boron carbide-based composite ceramic material and preparation method thereof | |
CN102699325A (en) | Preparing method for Ti-Si alloy target materials | |
CN102534314B (en) | Lanthanum-hexaboride-reinforced aluminum-silicon-base composite material and preparation method thereof | |
CN101701305B (en) | TiAl intermetallic compound composite material and preparation method thereof | |
CN102874809A (en) | Silicon carbide composite powder and preparation process thereof | |
CN111690840A (en) | Amorphous phase silicate particle and SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation | |
CN107641725A (en) | A kind of ferrosilite based ceramic metal and preparation method thereof | |
CN102515770A (en) | Method for preparing nano SiC reinforced MoSi2 composite material | |
CN102731071A (en) | Preparation method of Al-Ti-B and rare metal synergistically-toughened alumina | |
CN107739864A (en) | A kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite | |
CN108359852B (en) | Graphene-reinforced high-silicon aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof | |
CN103031462A (en) | Fabrication method of titanium carbide particle reinforced aluminum-copper base composite | |
Yin et al. | Impacts of interface modification by Ni coating on the property of Cu matrix composites reinforced by β-Si3N4 whiskers | |
CN107815624A (en) | A kind of high intensity aluminum matrix composite and its manufacture method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract | ||
EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20130619 Assignee: Shandong Mao Jing New Materials Co., Ltd. Assignor: Shandong University Contract record no.: X2019370000005 Denomination of invention: Method for preparing silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material Granted publication date: 20141224 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20191010 |