CN103143356B - Ordered meso-porous (TiO2-Cu) nanocomplex and its hydrothermal supercritical extraction preparation technology - Google Patents
Ordered meso-porous (TiO2-Cu) nanocomplex and its hydrothermal supercritical extraction preparation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103143356B CN103143356B CN201310051438.8A CN201310051438A CN103143356B CN 103143356 B CN103143356 B CN 103143356B CN 201310051438 A CN201310051438 A CN 201310051438A CN 103143356 B CN103143356 B CN 103143356B
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- tio
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ordered meso-porous (TiO2-Cu) nanocomplex and its preparation technology. The above ordered meso-porous (TiO2-Cu) composite nanomaterial is prepared through adopting a hydrothermal method and a supercritical extraction technique. The technology is characterized in that a surfactant is treated as a soft template and the supercritical extraction technique and the hydrothermal method are adopted to prepare the ordered meso-porous (TiO2-Cu) nanocomplex having a novel structure and good physical and chemical properties. The technology provides a new way for researching the application of meso-porous TiO2-doped photocatalytic materials. The technology has the advantages of simplicity and easy industrial production; and the prepared meso-porous nanocomplex has a large specific surface area and a uniform pore distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex and hydro-thermal method supercritical extract preparation technology, belong to field of functional materials.
Background technology
TiO
2because of its biologically inert and chemical inertness, photoetch and chemical attack can not be there is, the advantage such as cheap, and be proved to be a kind of photochemical catalyst of being most widely used.Due to TiO
2electron distributions be characterised in that the existence having band gap between its conduction band and valence band.When being subject to illumination, as long as the energy of photon equals or exceeds the band-gap energy (hv >=Eg) of semiconductor, electronics just can be made to transit to conduction band from valence band, thus produce conduction band electron and valence band hole.Under the electric field action of space charge layer, the oxidation component that the free electron of conduction band moves to rapidly semiconductive particles surface and is transferred in solution, thus light induced electron and hole form hydroxyl radical free radical OH through series reaction, it can be oxidized nearly all organic matter.Therefore, it has powerful application prospect at field of Environment Protection (as pollutant treatment).Course of reaction is as follows:
TiO
2+hv→h
++e
-
H
2O+h
+→·OH+H
+
e
-+O
2→O
2 -·
H
++O
2 -·→HO
2·
2HO
2·→H
2O
2+O
2
H
2O
2+O
2 -·→·OH+OH
-+O
2
h
++OH
--→·OH
H
++ org → intermediate → CO
2+ H
2o
OH+org → intermediate → CO
2+ H
2o
But, due to TiO
2greater band gap (about 3.2eV), its threshold wave-length absorbed is less than 400nm, not high to the utilization rate of sunshine; Have impact on TiO
2practical and the industrialization process of multiphase photocatalysis reaction.Research finds, can improve TiO by transient metal doped or conductor oxidate compound
2photocatalytic activity and visible ray utilization rate.Therefore, nano-TiO
2-X (X: transition metal) adulterates catalysis material also just one of study hotspot becoming photocatalysis field.But, the TiO of preparation
2-X nano-powder, nanofiber specific area are little, and photocatalytic activity and photocatalysis efficiency are not high, also affect and limit its practical application.Therefore, orderly doped meso-porous TiO is prepared
2nano complex solves photocatalysis technology to be applied to sewage degradation treatment effective method the most.But conventional calcination method all causes synthetic material hole to cave in, and makes specific area significantly reduce.But it is worth noting, also do not prepare mesoporous TiO so far
2the effective ways of-X composite Nano catalysis material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of order mesoporous TiO2-Cu nano complex hydro-thermal method supercritical extract preparation technology, is intended to solve conventional calcination method and all causes synthetic material hole to cave in, specific area is significantly reduced.But it is worth noting, also do not prepare mesoporous TiO so far
2the problem of the effective ways of-X composite Nano catalysis material.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of order mesoporous TiO
2the preparation technology of-Cu nano complex, this preparation technology is by soft template method synthesis " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, then, adopt supercritical extraction technique by the extraction from precipitation of surfactant soft template, then by the synthesizing ordered mesoporous TiO of distilled water rinsing process
2-Cu nano complex.
Further, the concrete steps of this preparation technology are:
1), be initiation material with titanium tetrachloride, take DTAB as surfactant soft template, under the interaction of distilled water, concentrated hydrochloric acid, by hydro-thermal reaction synthesis of nano complex;
2), with ethanol, methyl alcohol for extractant, after supercritical extract surfactant soft template, then adopt distilled water rinsing process, prepare order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu composite.
Further, agents useful for same percentage by weight is: titanium tetrachloride, purity > 99.0,50-65%; Deionized water, 1-5%; Absolute ethyl alcohol, purity > 99.9,75-85%; Methyl alcohol, purity > 99.9,70-80%, DTAB, purity > 99.0,10-20%; Copper nitrate, purity > 99.0,0.5-1%.
Further, by hydro-thermal method, preparation " soft template-inorganic matter " nano complex, titanium tetrachloride: soft template percentage by weight control range is that 2.5-6.5, pH control at 1-3.
Further, " soft template-inorganic matter " nano complex is put into autoclave, by supercritical extraction technique, surfactant is extracted from " soft template-inorganic matter " nano complex, heating rate 2-4 DEG C, be raised to appropriate temperature range 34.1-250 DEG C and under reaching appropriate pressure range 7.1-45MPa, keep 10-15h.
Further, by order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex is by distilled water rinsing 1-5 time.
What another object of the embodiment of the present invention was to provide utilizes above-mentioned order mesoporous (TiO
2-Cu) the order mesoporous TiO for preparing of the preparation technology of nano complex
2-Cu nano complex.
The present invention adopts soft template method, by the synthesizing ordered mesoporous TiO of supercritical extraction technique
2-Cu nano complex.At present, our order mesoporous TiO that utilized this technique to prepare
2-Cu composite nano materials has following remarkable advantage effect: (a) has high photocatalysis performance, without any toxicity; B () specific area is large, pore structure can adjust, and can carry out Quantitative design; C () does not need calcining, preparation technology is simple, and production cost is low, is easy to suitability for industrialized production; D () is widely used, be to solve photocatalysis technology to be applied to sewage degradation treatment effective method the most, has saved sewage degradation treatment cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is preparation technology's schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex projection electromicroscopic photograph;
Fig. 3 is order mesoporous TiO
2the X-ray diffractogram of-Cu nano complex under treatment of different temperature;
Fig. 4 is order mesoporous TiO
2the infared spectrum of-Cu nano complex.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of order mesoporous TiO
2the preparation technology of-Cu nano complex, comprises the following steps:
1) take titanium tetrachloride as initiation material, be soft template with " DTAB " surfactant, under the interaction of distilled water, concentrated hydrochloric acid, synthesize " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation.Titanium tetrachloride adds in there-necked flask first together, and distilled water and hydrochloric acid and surfactant are added by funnel simultaneously, and both rate of addition general controls are at 0.4-1.0mlmin
-1between;
2) also join in there-necked flask by the inorganic matter presoma of above-mentioned formula by Cu, synthesis " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation;
3) " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation is put into overcritical still, heating rate 1-3 DEG C, be raised to appropriate temperature range 34.1-250 DEG C and under reaching appropriate pressure range 7.1-45MPa, keep 10-15h, make surfactant completely be extracted out;
4) after surfactant is extracted out completely, stop heating, allow overcritical still cool, then take out order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex;
5) to order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu carries out distilled water rinsing, is treated to 1-5 number;
6) to order mesoporous TiO
2the chemical form etc. of-Cu nano complex specific area, aperture, crystal formation, surface topography, element carries out test analysis;
Embodiment 1: first adopt hydro-thermal method, is that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stirs evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (30g), after 160g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 20g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, pressure is after 9MPa, keeps 12h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 85m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 2: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (35g), after 160g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 20g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, pressure is after 9MPa, keeps 12h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 95m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 3: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (28g), after 160g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 30g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, pressure is after 9MPa, keeps 12h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 83m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 4: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (20g), after 160g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 30g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, pressure is after 9MPa, keeps 12h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 78m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 5: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (30g), after 160g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 30g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, pressure is after 12MPa, keeps 13h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 3 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 96m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 6: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (30g), after 160g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 30g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, pressure is after 15MPa, keeps 15h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 108m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 7: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (30g), after 150g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 30g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 1 DEG C/min, pressure is after 10MPa, keeps 12h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 89m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
Embodiment 8: first adopt hydro-thermal method method, be that titanium tetrachloride and the 2g copper nitrate of 99.0% puts into there-necked flask by 60g purity, stir evenly with GS122 type electronics constant speed stirrer; Secondly by DTAB (30g), after 180g distilled water and concentrated hydrochloric acid mix, slowly instilled in there-necked flask by separatory funnel, control ph is between 1-3, and titanium tetrachloride forms " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation by hydrolysis; Then, put in overcritical still by 30g " surfactant-inorganic matter " precipitation, be warmed up to 100 DEG C according to heating rate 1 DEG C/min, pressure is after 12MPa, keeps 14h; Then by overcritical still cool to room temperature, order mesoporous " TiO is obtained
2-Cu " nano complex; Finally, the order mesoporous " TiO will obtained
2-Cu " nano complex carries out distilled water rinsing process 4 times.Its crystal formation is anatase, and nano particle aperture size is 2-5nm, and specific area is 68m
2/ g, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex.
The order mesoporous TiO of the embodiment of the present invention
2-Cu nano complex physical and chemical performance is: through the mesoporous TiO of supercritical extract synthesis
2its crystalline structure of-Cu nano complex is anatase, and crystallite dimension is between 20-40nm.Under low power Electronic Speculum, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex surface topography is relatively more even, has hole, under high power Electronic Speculum, and order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu few surface defects, only containing the impurity seldom measured; Near 375nm, produce obvious UV absorption turning simultaneously, compare the pure TiO of P25
2powder, order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex has obvious central hole structure.
Order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex, its organic matter almost extracts completely, and O-H linkage content is relatively high, and this absorbs caused by moisture mainly due to complex surfaces.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an order mesoporous TiO
2the preparation technology of-Cu nano complex, is characterized in that, this preparation technology is by soft template method synthesis " surfactant-inorganic matter TiO
2-Cu " precipitation, then, adopt supercritical extraction technique by the extraction from precipitation of surfactant soft template, then by the synthesizing ordered mesoporous TiO of distilled water rinsing process
2-Cu nano complex;
The concrete steps of this preparation technology are:
1), be initiation material with titanium tetrachloride, take DTAB as surfactant soft template, under the interaction of distilled water, concentrated hydrochloric acid, by hydro-thermal reaction synthesis of nano complex;
2), with ethanol, methyl alcohol for extractant, after supercritical extract surfactant soft template, then adopt distilled water rinsing process, prepare order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu composite;
Agents useful for same percentage by weight is: titanium tetrachloride, purity > 99.0,50-65%; Deionized water, 1-5%; Absolute ethyl alcohol, purity > 99.9,75-85%; Methyl alcohol, purity > 99.9,70-80%, DTAB, purity > 99.0,10-20%; Copper nitrate, purity > 99.0,0.5-1%;
By hydro-thermal method, preparation " soft template-inorganic matter " nano complex, titanium tetrachloride: soft template percentage by weight control range is that 2.5-6.5, pH control at 1-3;
" soft template-inorganic matter " nano complex is put into autoclave, by supercritical extraction technique, surfactant is extracted from " soft template-inorganic matter " nano complex, heating rate 2-4 DEG C, be raised to appropriate temperature range 34.1-250 DEG C and under reaching appropriate pressure range 7.1-45MPa, keep 10-15h;
By order mesoporous TiO
2-Cu nano complex is by distilled water rinsing 1-5 time;
Described order mesoporous TiO
2order mesoporous TiO prepared by the preparation technology of-Cu nano complex
2-Cu nano complex.
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| CN105293949B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2019-03-12 | 苏磊 | A kind of TiO2Base optic catalytic self-cleaning glass and preparation method thereof |
| CN109126791A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-04 | 福州大学 | A kind of Cu (II)-mTiO2Loaded photocatalyst and its preparation and application |
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