CN103141244A - Planting technology for type-44 corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield planting technology for type-44 corn. Field ventilation and transmitting conditions can be improved by fully utilizing the marginal effect and utilizing empty ridges, and therefore, the photosynthetic capacity and the yield are increased, and the quality is improved. The high-yield planting technology for the type-44 corn has the technical points that Denghai 605, Yuhe 988, Renhe 698, Houde 198 and Jingke 968 are selected. As the type-44 corn is planted in four ridges of 4 meters of ridged field for plant spacing of 4 cun, and seeds per mu are 4jin, the invention is called the high-yield planting technology for the type-44 corn. The formula fertilization is shown as follows: applying base fertilizers: 20jin of Tianji nitrophosphate and 20jin of Jinda shengyuan natural trace-element fertilizer; topdressing 20jin of diamonium phosphate, 20jin of Dahua topdressing and 20jin of urea; and applying 20jin of water flush fertilizer Tianji nitrophosphate and 8jin of potassium source. If the type-44 corn is suffered from Apopnylia flavoviyens, 1-2 kilograms of field champion granules are applied per mu. Qijian is applied to prevent ostrinia nubilalis. Nicosulfuron and field champion 431 are applied to prevent chemical herbicide damage. Gao yujin and growth essence are applied to prevent lodging. A field champion good formula is applied to prevent bald tips.

Description

Corn 44 type planting technologies

Technical field: agricultural planting industry

technical background: in recent years, along with the development of market economy and the variation of grain supply and demand relation, the output of corn and traditional cropping pattern strain number are few, the ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor, photosynthetic capacity is low, easily the bald point of lodging occurs, cause the benefit that yields poorly also low, in order to improve per unit area yield, change the traditional mode of production pattern, change traditional cultivation method, invented " 44 type " corn planting technology, can take full advantage of marginal effect, utilize empty ridge to improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, improve photosynthetic capacity and output, the more conventional micro-ridge cultivation of Air Flow increases greatly, be beneficial to the corn dehydration, reduce water content, improve quality.

Summary of the invention: corn " 44 type " planting technology invention, it is characterized in that corn in 4 meters embanked fields, plant 4 ridges, 4 cun far away young plants, 4 jin of seeds of every mu of use, line-spacing is 100 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 4 cun, 5004 strains of mu keeping a full stand of seedings.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1, the transverse view in " 44 type " corn with high yield planting technology embanked field

Fig. 2 is " 44 type " corn with high yield planting technology field performance figure

Embodiment:

One, select kind: step on sea 605 choosings, Henan standing grain 988, people's standing grain 698, thick moral 198, capital section 968.

(1), step on sea 605: kind identification numbering: cover and recognize beautiful No. 2011001, the authorization situation: country of Ministry of Agriculture crop varietal approval committee in 2010 is by (state examines beautiful 2010009).Character description: seedling: blade edge purple, leaf sheath purple.Plant: compact, plant height 275cm, fringe position 111cm, 19 leaves.Tassel: sterile lemma is green, and flower pesticide is yellow.Female fringe: filigree is yellow.Fruit ear: cartridge type, red axle, spike length 19.4cm, the thick 5.0cm of fringe, bald sharp 1.6cm, tassel row number 16-18, row grain is several 35, grain number per spike 592, the heavy 205.7g of single fringe grain, seed-producing rate 84.5%.Seed: horse flute profile, yellow, 100-grain weight 35.0g.Quality: Ministry of Agriculture's cereal in 2010 and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Harbin) measure, unit weight 758g/L, crude protein 9.11%, crude fat 4.87%, thick starch 76.04%, lysine 0.29%.resistance: Plant Protection Inst., Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Prov.'s artificial infection in 2010, connect the worm Resistance Identification, middle Resistance To Helminthosporium Turcicum (5MR), feel curved spore sick (7S), high anti-head-smut (0%HR), high resistance stem rot (0%HR), in anti-corn borer (5.5MR). test situation: participated in late-maturing group of preliminary experiment in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2008, average yield per mu 859.2kg, participate in late-maturing group of regional test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 6.3%.2009, average yield per mu 911.3kg, than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 6.2%.Participated in late-maturing group of production test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010, average yield per mu 903.5kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 9.8%.Average 131 days breeding times are with contrast same period.Culture technique main points: the mu 4000-4500 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings.Points for attention: the curved spore of attention control is sick.The suitable area: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ba Yan Nor City, Chifeng City, Tongliao City 〉=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature be the Suitable Area plantation more than 2900 ℃.

(2), the Henan standing grain 988: kind identification numbering: cover and recognize beautiful No. 2011008, the authorization situation: Henan Province's crop varietal approval committee was by (Henan examined beautiful 2008001) in 2008, cultivar origin: take 581 as maternal, 547 form for the male parent seed selection.Character description: seedling: leaf green, leaf sheath purple, plant: compact, plant height 279cm, fringe position 123cm, 21 leaves.Tassel: 10 of one-level branches, sterile lemma is green, the flower pesticide lilac.Female fringe: filigree lilac.Fruit ear: cartridge type, white axle, spike length 17.0cm, the thick 5.2cm of fringe, bald sharp 0.2cm, tassel row number 16-18, the row grain is several 37, grain number per spike 628, the heavy 197.4g of single fringe grain, seed-producing rate 86.1%.Seed: horse flute profile, yellow, 100-grain weight 31.5g.

Quality: Ministry of Agriculture's cereal in 2010 and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Harbin) measure, unit weight 736g/L, crude protein 8.03%, crude fat 4.23%, thick starch 76.14%, lysine 0.26%.Resistance: Plant Protection Inst., Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Prov.'s artificial infection in 2010, connect the worm Resistance Identification, Resistance To Helminthosporium Turcicum (3R) is felt curved spore sick (7S), high anti-head-smut (0%HR), high resistance stem rot (2.6%HR), in anti-corn borer (5.7MR).Test situation: participated in late-maturing group of regional test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2009, average yield per mu 895.4kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 7.1%.Participated in late-maturing group of regional test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010, average yield per mu 888.4kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 8.8%.Participated in late-maturing group of production test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010, average yield per mu 875.4kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 7.0%.Average 131 days breeding times were than late 1 day of contrast.Culture technique main points: the mu 3500-3800 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings.Points for attention: the curved spore of attention control is sick.The suitable area: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ba Yan Nor City, Chifeng City, Tongliao City 〉=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature be the Suitable Area plantation more than 2900 ℃.

(3), people's standing grain 698: authorization numbering: cover and examine beautiful No. 2011012, seed selection unit: extensive kind of industry Science and Technology Ltd., people from Tongliao City standing grain kind industry Co., Ltd, cultivar origin: maternal for R006, male parent be that prosperous 7-2 seed selection forms.Character description: seedling: leaf green, leaf sheath purple.Plant: compact, plant height 281cm, fringe position 121cm, 21 leaves.Tassel: sterile lemma is green, and flower pesticide is yellow.Female fringe: pink colour on filigree.Fruit ear: cartridge type, white axle, spike length 17.9cm, the thick 5.0cm of fringe, bald sharp 0.1cm, tassel row number 16-18, the row grain is several 40, grain number per spike 656, the heavy 200.7g of single fringe grain, seed-producing rate 86.4%.Seed: horse flute profile, yellow, 100-grain weight 31.3g.Test situation: participated in late-maturing group of preliminary experiment in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2008, average yield per mu 806.4kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 1.5%.Participated in late-maturing group of regional test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2009, average yield per mu 947.1kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 9.5%.Participated in late-maturing group of production test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2010, average yield per mu 889.1kg is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 8.1%.Average 132 days breeding times were than late 1 day of contrast.

The cultivation main points: mu is kept a full stand of seedings about 4500 strains.Points for attention: the curved spore of attention control is sick.Suitable area: autonomous Tongliao City, the Inner Mongol, Chifeng City 〉=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature Suitable Area plantation more than 2900 ℃.

(4), thick moral 198: variety certification numbering: cover and examine beautiful No. 2008030, applying unit: Tongliao City thick moral kind industry Co., Ltd, cultivar origin: form take H9037 as maternal, H7214 as the male parent assembly.。Character description: seedling: dark green leaf, the leaf sheath purple, the leaf margin lilac, the first leaf is circular.Plant: compact, plant height 291cm, fringe position 112cm, 19～21 of the numbers of blade, on fringe, leaf is 6～7.Tassel: 10～15 of one-level branches, sterile lemma lilac, flower pesticide lilac.Female fringe: filigree purple.Fruit ear: column type, white axle, spike length 19.6cm, the thick 5.5cm of fringe, bald sharp 0.5cm, tassel row number 16～18 row, several 37～39 of row grain, 643 of grain number per spikes, the heavy 227.5g of single fringe grain, seed-producing rate 84.3%.Seed: inclined to one side solids type, yellow, 100-grain weight 38.1g.Quality: Ministry of Agriculture's cereal in 2007 and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Harbin) measure, unit weight 711g/L, crude protein 8.22%, crude fat 4.38%, thick starch 75.55%, lysine 0.25%.Resistance: Plant Protection Inst., Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Prov.'s artificial infection in 2007, connect the worm Resistance Identification, Resistance To Helminthosporium Turcicum (3R), sense Curvularia lunata leaf spot (7S), sense head smut (13.2S), high resistance stem rot (3.8HR), in anti-corn borer (5.5MR).Test situation: participated in late-maturing group of regional test in the corn of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2005, average yield 705.2kg/ mu is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 5.7%.Average 127 days breeding times were than Zao 3 days of contrast.Participated in late-maturing group of regional test of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region corn in 2006, average yield 846.0kg/ mu is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 6.0%.Average 130 days breeding times were than Zao 2 days of contrast.Participated in late-maturing group of production test of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region corn in 2007, average yield 858.3kg/ mu is than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 2.2%.Average 133 days breeding times were than Zao 1 day of contrast.The culture technique main points: mu 3500～3800 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings in medium fertility plot are advisable, and are advisable in the high fertility plot mu 4000 strains left and right of keeping a full stand of seedings.Points for attention: Curvularia lunata, head smut are retransmitted the district and are cautious use of.The suitable area: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ba Yan Nor City, Tongliao City, Chifeng City 〉=10 ℃ active accumulated temperature be the area plantation more than 2900 ℃.

(5), capital section 968: authorization numbering: state examines beautiful 2011007, seed selection unit: Corn Rearch Center, Beijing Farming ﹠ Forestry Research Academy, cultivar origin: 724 * capital, capital 92, feature: emerge in eastern North China to ripe 128 days, suitable with Zheng Dan 958.Seedling leaf sheath lavender, leaf green, leaf margin lavender, flower pesticide lavender, clever shell lavender.Plant type half is compact, 296 centimetres of plant heights, and the fringe position is high 120 centimetres, 19 of the strain numbers of blade.Filigree is red, the fruit ear cartridge type, and 18.6 centimetres of spike lengths, tassel row number 16～18 row, cob white, seed is yellow, half horse flute profile, 100-grain weight 39.5 grams.Through Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 years inoculated identifications of Inst. of Plant Protection, Jilin Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences, high-resistance corn snout moth's larva, middle Resistance To Helminthosporium Turcicum, graywall, head smut, stem rot and Curvularia lunata leaf spot.Measure grain test weight 767 grams per liters, crude protein content 10.54%, crude fat content 3.41%, thick content of starch 75.42%. through Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervision and inspection center (Harbin)

Lysine content 0.30%.

The output performance: participated in eastern North China spring corn regional experiment of variety in 2009～2010 years, two 771.1 kilograms of annual per mu yields are than contrast volume increase 7.1%.

Production test in 2010,716.3 kilograms of average yield per mus are than contrast Zheng Dan 958 volume increase 10.5%.

Culture technique main points: 1. in medium fertility above plot plantation.2. Suitable Sowing Period late April～the first tenday period of a month in May.3. every mu of Suitable Density 4000 strains left and right.The authorization suggestion: this kind meets national corn variety authorization standard, by authorization.Suitable late-maturing district, yan-an and Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Tangshan Area spring sowing plantation in late-maturing district (except Dandong), Jilin in late-maturing district, Chifeng, the Inner Mongol and Tongliao, Liaoning in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi.

Two, corn " 44 type " planting technology

4 ridges of plantation, 4 meters embanked fields, 4 cun far away strains, mu is called " 44 type " corn planting technology with 4 jin, seed.35 centimetres of back gauges, 110 centimetres of line-spacings; Mu is kept a full stand of seedings about 5000 strains.

Every mu of four jin of seeds of four meters embanked field four four cun, ridge spacing in the rows of plantation are called " four or four type " cropping pattern, are called for short " 44 type " corn planting pattern.

The computing formula of " 44 type " corn planting pattern mu plant number and spacing in the rows:

G＝667/C×1

Press 667 square metres for every mu, G represents a mu strain number, C representative strains distance, and 1 represents that line-spacing is 1 meter, and the unit of G is the strain number, and the unit of C is rice.Such as, four ridge mu sowing 5000 strains of four meters embanked field plantations, spacing in the rows is: 5000=667/C * 1, C=0.1334 rice, namely 13.34 centimetres.Such as, spacing in the rows is 13.33 centimetres, four ridge mu sowing strain numbers of four meters embanked field plantations are: G=667/0.1333 * 1, G=5003.75

Every mu of i.e. 5004 strain.Sowing strain number is as required determined the sowing spacing in the rows.Adjust to suitable planting density, obtain high yield.Save seed 1kg, realize the simple grain precision drilling for every mu.Without thinning, save the labour.Ventilation and penetrating light has increased mu strain number.

Three, rational application of fertilizers technology

According to over 5 years to the mensuration of soil nutrient, according to corn regulation of fertilizer requirement and fertilizer characteristic and agricultural tillage situation, consider definite fertilizer formula.Make fertilizer formula more reasonable, more meet actual and the crop demand of producing.The reform traditional fertilising is accustomed to, and improves to greatest extent the availability of fertilizer, improves corn yield.

Through the 3 years experiment and demonstrations in field, sum up the corn planting fertilizer formula and be: base fertilizer: day ridge nitrophosphate fertilizer 10kg+ Tianjin Da Shengyuan chelating fertilizer 10kg, topdress: largeization of the diammonium phosphate 10kg+ Beijing 10kg+ urea 10kg that topdresses; Punching is fertile: it ridge nitrophosphate fertilizer 10kg+4kg potassium is precious.Two ammoniums are moved to from traditional base fertilizer the use of topdressing, can prevent that the corn later stage from taking off fertile phenomenon and occuring.It is the revolution of Fertilizer application.

" 44 type " corn planting pattern rational application of fertilizers points for attention:

(1), fertilizer and seed separate 10 centimetres of left and right, prevents that fertilizer and seed from getting together and burning out seed.

(2), adjust fertilizing box, tune up lower fertile amount, make it reach usage amount with fertilizer.

(3), all fertilizer need not puddle in advance, the lower fertile amount of the impact that prevents from making moist.

(4), rushing fertile best period should be August 20--carried out in 25th.

Four, Apopnyliaflavoviyens: become the long 5MM～6MM of polypide, all close by the yellowish-brown fine, soft fur.Pitchy compound eye black.The shirtfront is yellow, is wider than length, and there is depression middle both sides, without lateral margin.The little punctum of having one's face covered with on pereonite and elytrum, elytrum is emerald green, tool gloss.Foot is yellow, the common look of breast during the oval eutocia of ovum, and the withered yellow that fades is to brown.Long 8MM～the 11MM of mature larva body.Brown belly is ginger-colored, the pronotary bronzing.Mesothorax to the every joint of abdomen end all has the bronzing workprint, in, metathorax both sides respectively have 4, belly 1 joint～8 joint both sides respectively have 5.Stern joint podical plate is half elliptic, and middle part, the back side is recessed, and the outside of belly also has the workprint projection.Apopnyliaflavoviyens is the coleoptera chrysomelidae insect, mainly with the larva seeding corn and other crops that causes harm.Annual have local the generation at our province, and the zone of finding out at present generation is Shuangliao, Gongzhuling, pear tree, Chang Ling, front Guo, agriculture peace etc.The serious plot of Apopnyliaflavoviyens harm is short of seedling and sick seedling rate reaches 80% left and right, causes very large loss to agricultural production.Area occurs and reaches 3,000,000 mu in Jilin Province in 2007, and the sick seedling rate in general plot can reach more than 30%.Main pests occurrence rule is that between corn variety, there is some difference, and is as light in product speciogenesis such as Dongdan 213, agricultural universities 364 in the city; Heavier in arid sand dune soil generation; Use the seed (the kind clothing agent of its dressing does not contain the effective agent composition carbofuran that control of maize is revolved heart worm) of selling after dressing to occur heavy.One, morphological feature becomes long 5～6 millimeters of polypide, and is all close by the yellowish-brown fine, soft fur.Front born of the same parents are yellow, are wider than length, and there is depression middle and both sides.Be covered with little punctum on pereonite and elytrum.Elytrum is emerald green, tool gloss.Long 8～11 millimeters of mature larva body.Brown, belly is ginger-colored, mesothorax to the every joint of abdomen end all has the bronzing workprint, in, metathorax both sides respectively have 4, belly 1～8 joint both sides respectively have 5.Two, in 1 generation, occured in 1 year in pests occurrence rule in Jilin Province, survive the winter in soil with ovum, late May to early June hatches successively, larva moth food maize seedling, cause harm in the transferable many strains of Maize Seedlings, after seedling grows to 30 centimetres of left and right, turn seldom strain again and cause harm, larva is caused harm approximately 45 days phase, in 7 months, the last ten-days period larva aging after, do soil on the earth's surface and grow sturdily and pupate, on August, the middle ten days adult eclosion be unearthed, and lay eggs and survive the winter.Adult is movable daytime, and seemingly-dead property is arranged.Ovum is loose originate in the corn field loose soil or plant root agglomerating, many persons reach tens, every female worm lays eggs more than 20.Larva hides near Rhizosphere of Crops more, eat into from the rhizome place into, round, floral leaf appear in channel place brown on the lighter's blade, the severe one withered heart of wilting, blade is crispaturaed into deformity.After larva is aging near rhizosphere 2～3 centimetres of depths do native chamber and pupate, 5～8 days pupa time.Three, the damage symptom Apopnyliaflavoviyens is eaten into into the maize seedling base portion with larva and is caused harm, and produces toxin harm growing point, and the strain of being injured begins clear proof in mid or late June (after final singling).Often cause floral leaf or form withered heart seedling, severe one is tillered more, and the plant deformity forms the seedling (kaffir lily seedling) of growing thickly, and pushs the visible slight crack of leaf sheath aside at basal part of stem, can not normal growth.Prevent and treat method: 1, select pest-resistant cultivar, carry out crop rotation, avoid continuous cropping.2, use is carried out seed treatment with systemic insecticide carbofuran active constituent content in the kind clothing agent more than 7%, and control efficiency is more than 96%, and other insecticide can only be prevented and treated soil insect without interior absorption, can not prevent and treat the insect in seedling stage.3, chemical control.Initial stage of causing harm is carried out root irrigation with 500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate.Also can every mu of use 25% sevin wetting powder, or with 1～1.5 kilogram, 2.5% chlorophos pulvis, mix 20 kilograms of fine earths, after stirring, be sprinkling upon around corn root along the ridge at the larva harm initial stage (Maize Seedlings), kill and wound the insect that shifts harm.Also can sneak into field champion granule 300 grams in base fertilizer.Or with the spraying of 1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, 60～75 kilograms of every mu of spraying liquids.Apopnyliaflavoviyens is commonly called as the corn moth.The main harm corn also endangers Chinese sorghum, millet, and its Occurrence is in rising trend in recent years.A generation occured in 1 year in this insect, and adult is movable daytime, perches night between strain, and touching has seemingly-dead property, and adult fecund ovum is in loose corn field soil table, and every female worm can lay eggs more than 10, and many persons 20-30 grain is agglomerating.Larva from the maize seedling base portion eat into into, upwards harm, then return from channel, pierces underground.Round, floral leaf appear in channel place brown on the lighter's blade, severe one often causes floral leaf, the withered heart of wilting or forms withered heart seedling, tiller more, and the plant deformity is commonly called as " kaffir lily seedling ", can not normal growth.

Five, corn borer integrated control technique

Corn borer belongs to Lepidoptera, snout moth material.Except the Qinghai-Tibet Platean, extensively distribute in other area of China.Corn borer is the important pests of harm corn, and in addition, it also endangers 20 various plants such as Chinese sorghum, millet, potato, beans and sunflower.Corn borer is in the corn lobus cardiacus phase, and the young leaves that larval feeding mesophyll and moth food do not launch affects transporting of corn nutrient and moisture; At corn heading stage, corn borer is bored moth in the stem stalk, causes the lodging of corn large tracts of land; Becoming the fringe phase, the female fringe of moth food, tender grain causes seed to lack residual going rotten, and makes corn quality descend, and can cause the underproduction of 10%-30%.Therefore, corn borer is carried out positive control, be of great practical significance.The method of preventing and treating of corn borer has following several:

(1) cultural control

Carry out the crop rotation of the non-grass family pulse family of 2-3 with suiting measures to local conditions, thereby alleviate the frequency of insect pest.Gather in the crops complete after, in time process the stalk of passing the winter and depositing, must be complete in the Overwintering Larvae pre-treatment of pupating to sprout wings, can stalk in time as make compost raw material, feed, fuel or pulverizing, burn after field also.Form ears heading stage at corn in the plot that corn borer harm is comparatively serious, artificial removal 2/3 tassel is carried out in interlacing, takes out of to burn outside the field or buried, not only can eliminate 70% insect, can also improve the corn yield of 5%-10%.

(2) physical control

Utilize the trapping corn borer adults such as black light lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp, way is that lamp is arranged on open ground (beyond house 15m, lamp is apart from 100-150m), with checkerboard type or random mode arrangement method, establishes the 8-10 small cup for every mu.Lamp is divided into the circular insect-catching pond that diameter is 1.2m, discharges water in the pond and puts into 50g washing powder and just can trap and kill adult.The usability derivant.Use nylon gauze, make diameter 5cm, the cylinder type body of long 12cm, in put 1-4 female moth that just sprouted wings the same day or property derivant.Place water pond below trapper, add washing powder 50g in water pond except dress water again, every mu of ground is placed 4-7, can day and night trap and kill the male moth of some, and the effect of the method control of maize snout moth's larva is unsatisfactory.

(3) biological control

Utilize hundred stiff bacterium control of maize snout moth's larvas (district of breeding silkworms does not use).Before corn borer larvae begins recovery, remaining stalk envelope buttress is sprayed the bacterium powder.Method is that every square metre of buttress face contains the bacterium powder 100g of 10,000,000,000 spores with every gram, and point of available hand-rail type duster spray is about to tube cell and inserts in buttress, shakes bundle, flies also to get final product when the buttress face has the bacterium powder.Utilize bacillus thuringiensis,Bt granule (district of breeding silkworms does not use).Final phase of tassel is sprinkled in lobus cardiacus, uses 700g for every mu, and control efficiency reaches more than 90%, can not use when sunlight is strong at noon.Artificial cultivation oophagous trichogrammae.Producing region, our province middle part is generally 5 to 10 July, and 6 the end of month to July 7 was put honeybee in western producing region for the first time, put 100,000 of honeybees for every mu, put again for the second time every 5-7 days, put 120,000 of honeybees for every mu, establish the 30-50 point for every mu, with the honeybee card not at the back side of milpa middle part blade.

(4) chemical control

The 0.1% every strain 0.16g of time granule, the sprinkling strange arrow of synergy or 5% come the good fortune record to get rid of 2000 times of liquid of missible oil, can kill a certain amount of insect.Sprayed medicine before plowing.In the process of control of maize snout moth's larva, be take agricultural, physics and biological control method as main, chemical prevention and control method is auxiliary, the means of utilizing the multiple method of preventing and treating to combine reach the purpose to the corn borer integrated control.

Six, anti-chemical weeding poisoning: 1, corn sprays nicosulfuron+field champion 431 tri-leaf period; 2, the good formula of nicosulfuron+field champion, prevent that poisoning from occuring.Weeds and crops strive liquid manure, the photograph that wins honour for, and seize ground, underground living space, affect crop photosynthesis, disturb plant growth.Weeds or the vector of crop disease and insect can reduce output and the quality of crop, increase production cost.The corn Application of Herbicides is low an input, high benefit weeding technology, and applying of it to increasing corn yield, improves corn quality significant.

Chemical Weeding in Maize Field can be divided into three kinds of processing modes according to pattern of farming and the growth of corn:

The first: corn is broadcast the front closed soil treatment of rear bud.This mode is mainly after corn seeding, when weeds are unearthed or unearthed less, adopts sealing to process.Use the mixture of " Acetochlor ", " propisochlor " and " atrazine ", spray by the earth's surface, allow liquid form one deck medicine soil layer at ground surface, encounter the medicine soil layer when weeds are unearthed, absorb through young shoot or young stem, reach the purpose of killing weeds.This mode is mainly used in the Spring Maize Area in 1 year season, and requires whole geological measuring to want high, adopts the formula that falls back evenly to spray, otherwise may affect drug effect.If there are the small part weeds unearthed, can coordinate paraquat (as ten thousand li despots) to use simultaneously (namely closing down combination).The second: after maize seedling, cauline leaf is processed.Because corn is broadcast the restriction that sealing weeding before rear bud is made the factors such as dosage, the soil texture, the content of organic matter, pH value, simultaneously whole geological measuring is required highly, and soil must keep the moistening medicament that just can make to play a role, as under arid, strong wind condition, herbicidal effect is poor, and is even invalid.Summer Maize district particularly, many not stubble-cleanings after wheat harvest, can't carry out bud before sealing process, just must adopt after seedling the method for chemical control to control weeds in field.The difference of being mixed with the grass product kind due to corn field, and the weeds that various weed killer herbicide is prevented and kill off are different, so must select suitable weed killer herbicide kind just can reach desirable preventive effect.The corn field herbicide " Miao Houbao " of Shanggezhilu Biosciences Co., Ltd., Shaanxi through researching and producing for many years, in the corn 3-5 leaf phase (weeds 2-4 leaf phase), mu can effectively be prevented and kill off green foxtail, eleusine indica, lady's-grass, barnyard grass with the spraying of 90-120 milliliter; Annual gramineae and the broad leaved weeds such as amaranth (kitchen garden, Amaranthus retroflexus, iron amaranth), Commelina communis, Siberian cocklebur, field thistle, field bindweed, difformed galingale herb, the rhizome of nutgrass flatsedge, Horseweed Herb, Asiatic plantain, lamb's-quarters, chenopodium glaucum linn, knotweed, Armstrong, clearvers, chickweed, Veronica, and have certain sealing effect concurrently.

Protect after corn field herbicide after seedling seedling and can disposablely thoroughly address the problem: 1. broad weed-killing spectrum: annual gramineae and broad leaved weed are logical to kill.2. easy to use: before broadcasting rear seedling, all can use in early days after seedling.3. to succession crop safety.

Protect and to note after using seedling: 1. should not use with 10 leaf after dates before the phase at corn 2 leaves; Must force down shower nozzle after corn 6 leaves, directed spraying is avoided being sprayed onto on lobus cardiacus.2. sweet corn, pop corn and seed farm should not use.3. can not be mixed with organophosphorus insecticides: as mixed in need both must the interval more than 7 days.4. after, stubble Cruciferae a variety of Chinese cabbage, beet, spinach etc. are cautious use of.5. this agent should not be used (high temperature and drought, low temperature muddy etc.) under the abnormal climate condition.Herbicide after seedling also can adopt direct motion (ridge) spraying, and this is the operation technique of a comparative maturity northeastward.This using method has following characteristics: at first after the corn field seedling, direct motion (ridge) spraying can reduce weed killer herbicide to greatest extent to the injury of comparatively young green corn blade; Next avoids causing corn dose large because of the unrestrained spray in field, and the waste liquid reduces preventive effect, even produces poisoning.

The third: corn is directional process in the ranks

If because the undesirable or excessive rainfall of medication in early stage after seedling causes the harm of new raised weed, adopt " ten thousand li despots " to carry out directed spraying in the ranks at corn 7 leaves to Feng Hangqian (corn 60-80 centimetre high)." ten thousand li despots " belongs to steriland herbicide, and be extremely strong to weeds chloroplast tunic destructive power, makes that photosynthesis and chlorophyll are synthetic to be ended very soon, and grass cutting blade after medicine and namely to be begun the variable color of being injured in 2-3 hour, and is withered at last.Note using ten thousand li despots should add spraying when corn field weeding in the ranks and prevent and kill off cover, avoid corn medicine and be injured.

In sum, the corn field weed control technology has become part important in the corn planting process, and we should utilize the chemical herbicide management of weeds as far as possible, reduces weeds to the impact of corn growth, the purpose that reach volume increase, increases income.

Points for attention: 1, corn is broadcast and is watered after the front closed soil treatment of rear bud must first be sprayed medicine, the good drug effect of competence exertion.2, after maize seedling, cauline leaf is processed and must spray medicine in the corn 3-5 leaf phase, too early and spend evening and all can produce poisoning to corn, adds on grass and flies in order to improve drug effect, prevents that poisoning from can add field champion 431 and weed killer herbicide to mix use.

Seven, anti-corn lodging technology

The 6 leaf phases of corn spray, and high radix curcumae adds the growth essence.

In recent years, along with improving constantly of yield levels of maize, increasing planting density, an increase mu results spike number have become an important channel of realizing corn with high yield.But along with the raising of corn planting density, the lodging problem also is on the rise, and corn with high yield, stable yields are caused certain influence.Under high-density planting and strong wind, rainy weather condition, how to improve plant self capacity for the resistance to lodging, alleviate the generation of lodging?

(1), select corn variety of anti-fall kind whether easily to lodge, main relevant with the plant characteristic of this kind.The probability of the product speciogenesis lodging that in general, higher, the fringe of plant position (the height on the joint distance of positions ground of giving birth to fruit ear) is higher, the stem stalk is very thin, root system development is bad is larger.Plant is higher, the higher kind crank in fringe position particularly, and stem folding, the product that root system development is bad easily occur in the kind that the stem stalk is very thin

Plant root easily occurs.Which kind the capacity for the resistance to lodging of kind does not have can be definitely anti-fall just comparatively speaking.

(2), the proper seeding lodging is also relevant with the characteristic of growing of plant.Generally taking out male front and back, plant height has been finalized the design or has been approached typing, and the stem stalk is also relatively weak, runs into as easy as rolling off a log lodging of the rainy weather of strong wind.Spring corn between Suitable Sowing Period in the capable of regulating date of seeding, make the tricky time that plant easily lodges avoid local rainy season of strong wind as far as possible.For summer corn, the late corn of sowing is easy to the stalk of leaping up under high temperature, rainy condition, and plant is higher and the stem stalk is very thin, be easy to lodge, so summer corn is in the later early sowing of should trying one's best of results wheat.

(3), suitably strengthening row spacing corn has the multiple Planting patterns such as wide row, narrow row, and various Planting pattern all can be realized high yield.But from health cultivation angle, suitably add the ventilation and penetrating light ability that wide row space can strengthen the field under conditions of high density, be conducive to promote the growth of base portion stipes, also can alleviate the field corn plant to the resistance of wind simultaneously, can alleviate to a certain extent the risk of lodging.The line-spacing of corn can be controlled in 70 centimetres of left and right, generally is not less than 60 centimetres.Promote mainly line-spacing at 100-110 centimetre

(4), Potassium potash fertilizer has the effect that improves straw stiffness.In the situation that a large amount of applied nitrogens on producing are at present advocated Potassium, nitrogen potassium compounding application, for preventing that the corn plants lodging is significant.Potash fertilizer should early be executed, and makes at seeding time seed manure or uses as seed manure after emerging.Amount of application can determine according to situations such as soil fertility, can use 10～20 kilograms, potassium sulphate or potassium chloride for general every mu.

(5), seedling stage restraining the growth of seedlings is large for density, plot with prosperous long trend, can restrain the growth of seedlings in seedling stage.The Main Function of restraining the growth of seedlings is exactly prosperous length, the promotion root system development of controlling the base portion stipes, thereby alleviates the lodging odds.Restraining the growth of seedlings should be carried out in seedling stage, but will finish when jointing begins.The measure of restraining the growth of seedlings mainly contains the appropriateness arid, nitrogenous fertilizer etc. is completely cured, is enriched in intertillage.Hebei province's Maize Production situation just at present, restraining the growth of seedlings mainly is applicable to spring corn, and summer corn there is no the chance of restraining the growth of seedlings owing to just entering high temperature and rainy season after emerging.

(6), optimum period chases after the growth that Nitrogen Top Dressing during the nitrogen maize growth can promote plant or fruit ear, is conducive to improve grain yield.Easily cause lodging but the Nitrogen Top Dressing time is improper.Shooting stage corn base portion stipes begins rapid elongation, if impose a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer this moment again, can accelerate the elongation of base portion stipes, and the risk of lodging is strengthened.So generally do not advocate at the shooting stage Nitrogen Top Dressing in production, under the prerequisite of applying seed manure or seed manure, nitrogenous fertilizer can be deferred to the typhon mouth phase and impose.So both the growth of fruit ear can be promoted, and also the generation of lodging can be alleviated simultaneously.

(7), cultivation and banking ridging can promote the growth of base portion stipes aerial root on the ground, strengthens anti-ability of falling of plant, is one of effective measures that prevent corn lodging.Ridging can be carried out before sealing the ridge at jointing, highly general 8～10 centimetres of general 5～8 centimetres of the degree of depth of intertillage, clean ridging.

(8), change control and have the height that some chemical regulators that suppress growth can be used for controlling milpa, can prevent the lodging of corn to a certain extent, as high radix curcumae commonly used in the middle of present production, field champion 431, the good formula of field champion, Jin Dele, beautiful gold, ton Tian Bao etc.Measure that chemical control technique belongs to a kind of " passive " is changed use age, the concentration of control medicament and is sprayed mode etc. and must require to carry out in strict accordance with product description, otherwise is easy to occur poisoning.

Eight, anti-bald tip of corn technology

The corn 9-11 leaf phase sprays, the good formula+Sa Kefu foliage fertilizer of field champion. and corn fertilizing is inadequate or inhomogeneous, run into the factors such as successive cloudy days high temperature, arid weather during pollination, often causes bald tip of corn to lack, has a strong impact on the output of corn.Present Chengde area corn is just taken out male pollination period, is also that the prevention bald tip of corn lacks a grain critical period, should manage from the following aspects:

1, apply fertilizers scientifically: corn topdresses will be in line with the principle of front light, middle heavy, rear benefit, it is sufficient that base fertilizer is wanted, typhon mouth phase (approximately 15 about blade), mu chases after 15 kilograms, urea or ammonium nitrate 15-20 kilogram: ear to the pustulation period at corn, 0.25 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of every mu of use and 0.5-1 kilogram urea are watered the 40-50 kilogram, be sprayed in the afternoon the blade face, attacking granulated fertilizer, to carry out top dressing effective.

2, emasculation: detassel is a letter and the easily well stimulation of row.Emasculating method is in two steps: the first step, carry out when taking out hero in full field and accounting for 50%; With holding tassel, the emasculation how long time of 3 centimetres of upper dew: corn field as large in density, can go four lines every two row, or remove two row every delegation; Density is general, goes to delegation or every the strain emasculation every delegation; Avoid being with blade during emasculation, as the florescence a run of wet weather, air humidity is large, the capable not emasculation of 4-5 around ground as far as possible.Second step, complete in pollination, carry out when the listless tassel of fruit ear, seed drum bud, remaining tassel is all removed.

3, artificial supplementary pollination: cornsilk is extracted out and was generally bloomed late 3-5 days than tassel.In the pollination period of blooming, as adverse weathers such as high temperature, arid, strong wind, wet weather, make poor pollination, therefore to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, supplementary pollination will carry out after full-bloom stage selects the weather dew of sunny calm or gentle breeze to do, and finishes before high temperature arrives at 11 o'clock in the morning.Carried out once every 2-3 days, carry out 2-3 time continuously.Method has 3 kinds: the one, and concentrate and collect pollen, select the fresh flower silk to award by strain.The 2nd, the stay cord method every 5-6 ridge 2 people's stay cords, is scattered pollen.The 3rd, shake the strain method, polliniferous plant is shaken pollination.

4, cut short filigree: the corn female flower is often uneven because of filigree, and top is extracted out more late, and some filigree can not get pollen with regard to continued growth, until the 10-15 centimeter length because filigree is oversize, hides mutually, be unfavorable for that following filigree is pollinated, so filigree will be cut short, only stay 1.5-2 centimetre, make filigree be " steamed bun " shape or " water chestnut " shape, front short rear length, so just reach and be independent of each other, favourable pollination can reduce bald.

5, spray conditioning agent: in the corn 6-9 leaf phase, spray the good formula of field champion and Sa Kefu foliage fertilizer, the bald point of drug effect prevention.

Nine, reasonable sprinkling technique

Topdress and watering after rear 7 days, corn grouting water waters for No. 10-15 September.Corn needs water to lack than wheat, paddy rice, and its availability to moisture is higher.Spring and summer corn different growth stage law of needing the water is roughly the same, and early stage and later stage are few, and mid-term is maximum.Corn is from emerging to the Seedling Stage of jointing, and plant is little, and growth is slow, and water consumption is few, centered by long root, remove very lack of water, just do not water, many intertillages, short root stretches to depth, in order to cultivate powerful root system, plays simultaneously the effect that suppresses the basal internode elongation, and the peasant is referred to as " restraining the growth of seedlings ".Soil moisture should be controlled at 60% left and right of field capacity.

The corn full heading time is reproductive growth period, and very responsive to responding to water deprivation, water absorption reaches top in life, and lack of water will cause Severe Reduction, and soil moisture content should remain on 80% left and right of field capacity.From pollination to milking maturity latter stage, be the Main Stage that corn yield forms, arid is only second to heading stage to the impact of output, and this Soil during Period moisture should maintain 70% of water-holding capacity, in order to avoid plant early ageing guarantees that nutrient is sent to seed, makes full seed.After grouting, enter the complete ripeness stage, still need 4%～7% left and right of gross water requirement, to guarantee the seed full maturity.Facts have proved, seedling stage, suitably arid fertility to corn was useful; After jointing, water requirement increases, and insufficient water has a significant effect to output; Heading is to the flowering phase, and is the most responsive to lack of water.Therefore crucially in Maize Production to arrange corn properly centered by blooming front 10 days and the watering of about rear 20 days about one month time, guarantee that there is sufficient moisture supply this phase.Concrete irrigation times can water the situations such as condition, rainfall and water 1～3 water according to local water.Cover-head water is watered after generally broadcasting in iron stubble sowing field, and generally need not water seedling stage.Cover is broadcast the field Maize at Seedling Stage and should be watered 1 water according to actual conditions, and more early better.Watering after topdressing rear 7 days.

Ten, gather in the crops in real time:

October 10, results were advisable later on, and corn is gathered in the crops in good time and can be increased production, and the best period of harvest corn is called full ripening stage.Gather in the crops this moment, and thousand kernel weight and the output of corn are the highest.If results are evening too early or partially, all can reduce the heavy and output of grain, about one one-tenth of the general underproduction.So results should attract great attention in good time.Summer corn generally lasts 40～45 days from pollination to maturation.With regard to its process, can be divided into four periods, i.e. grain filling period, milk ripe stage, ripening stage and full ripening stage.Grain filling period: refer to corn pollination to a period of time of about the 15th day, this stage is to determine what important period of seed.Milk ripe stage: be the 15th～30 day after the pollination, be the critical period that determines grain yield this period, is characterized in that the seed dry weight increases fast, owing to being full of serum in this stage seed, therefore be called milk ripe stage.And after pollination the 30th～43 day, the seed dehydration accelerate endosperm changed into by glue wax-like, so be called ripening stage.The increase of this stage seed dry weight is fast not as milk ripe stage, but dry matter is still continuing accumulation.From the back side of seed embryo, enrich between the substantial part of part and bottom on top an obvious boundary line, is called " milk-line ".At this moment the fruit ear bract slightly is wilting, the partial blade jaundice, and lower blade begins withered.After ripening stage, the increase of seed dry weight is day by day slow, and further dehydration drying shrinkage, and the seed base portion can not squeeze serum, and dry weight no longer increases, and " milk-line " disappears, and reaches physiological maturity, and Here it is full ripening stage.Under normal circumstances, corn enters the principal character characteristic that full ripening stage shows and is: bract is withered and yellow to bleach, loose, and the seed hardening is shinny, and presents this kind inherent feature, and " milk-line " disappears, and black layer appears in the seed tip, and water content drops to below 33%.At this moment, grain is heavy and output is the highest, so be the best period of results.Capture corn high yield good harvest, the later stage in good time results be one without investment, profitable important measures.For this reason, the principal character characteristic of GPRS corn full ripening stage is caught best harvest time of each kind, accomplish scientific arrangement, in order successively, timely results, to guarantee increasing output, reduce unnecessary loss, guarantee the good harvest of corn high yield.

Claims (10)

1. Require the invention of patent protection corn " 44 type " planting technology, it is characterized in that corn in 4 meters embanked fields, plant 4 ridges; 4 cun far away young plants, 4 jin of seeds of every mu of use, line-spacing is 100 centimetres; spacing in the rows is 4 cun, mu 5004 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings, the computing formula G=667/C of corn " 44 type " planting technology mu strain number and spacing in the rows * I; 667 square metres every mu, G represents mu strain number, C representative strains distance; I represents the line-spacing of 1 meter; the unit of G is the strain number, and the unit of C is rice, determines spacing in the rows according to mu strain number.

   Technical characterictic is

   1. selection kind: step on sea 605, Henan standing grain 988, people's standing grain 698, thick moral 198, capital section 968.
2. 2. corn " 44 type " planting technology: 4 ridges of plantation, 4 meters embanked fields, 4 cun far away strains, mu is called " 44 type " corn planting technology with 4 jin, seed.35 centimetres of back gauges, 110 centimetres of line-spacings; Mu is kept a full stand of seedings about 5000 strains.

   Every mu of four jin of seeds of four meters embanked field four four cun, ridge spacing in the rows of plantation are called " four or four type " cropping pattern, are called for short " 44 type " corn planting pattern.

   The computing formula of " 44 type " corn planting pattern mu plant number and spacing in the rows:

   G＝667/C×1

   Press 667 square metres for every mu, G represents a mu strain number, C representative strains distance, and 1 represents that line-spacing is 1 meter, and the unit of G is the strain number, and the unit of C is rice.
3. 3. rational application of fertilizers technology: base fertilizer: 20 jin of 20 jin+Tianjin of ridge nitric acid phosphorus, sky Da Shengyuan chelating fertilizers; Topdress: topdress 20 jin, 20 jin+urea of 20 jin+largeization of two ammoniums; Precious 8 jin of 20 jin+potassium of No. 20-25 punching fertile sky ridge nitric acid phosphorus in August.
4. 4. Apopnyliaflavoviyens control: field champion granule mu 1-2 kilogram, mix applying with base fertilizer.
5. 5. prevent corn borer: the typhon mouth phase, spray strange arrow or granule and fill with the core leaf.
6. 6. anti-chemical weeding poisoning: corn sprays nicosulfuron+field champion 431 tri-leaf period and prevents that poisoning from occuring.
7. 7. prevent corn lodging: the 6 leaf phases of corn spray high radix curcumae+growth essence.
8. 8. prevent bald tip of corn: the corn 9-11 leaf phase sprays, the good formula+Sa Kefu foliage fertilizer of field champion.
9. 9. water: topdress and watering after rear 7 days, corn grouting water waters for No. 10-15 September.
10. 10. gather in the crops in real time: October 10, results were advisable later on.

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