CN103136992B - A kind of multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method - Google Patents

A kind of multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method Download PDF

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CN103136992B
CN103136992B CN201110382832.0A CN201110382832A CN103136992B CN 103136992 B CN103136992 B CN 103136992B CN 201110382832 A CN201110382832 A CN 201110382832A CN 103136992 B CN103136992 B CN 103136992B
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truss
experiment table
charger
dynamometer
frame structure
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CN103136992A (en
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邓宗白
陶阳
杨贺
闫景玉
杨婷
单珂
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

A kind of multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method, comprise: a rectangular frame-experiment table, a set of mechanical type handwheel charger, a set of force snesor and dynamometer, a set of counterweight lever loading device, one group for changing the fixed pulley of loading direction, the component of a set of all kinds of rigid frame structure capable of being combined, a set of web member for connecting each component, the bearing of the typical constraint type of a set of simulation, a set ofly may be combined with into the rod member of different truss-frame structure and a set of pull head and test specimen that can be used for one way tensile test, the mechanics parameter test experiments realizing rigid frame capable of being combined, truss static(al) test experiments and extension test experiment etc.This method of testing is simple to operate, and composability is strong, than existing method of testing diverse in function, dexterous attractive in appearance, saving material.

Description

A kind of multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to Basic Mechanics Experiment teaching field.
Background technology
Experimental teaching is the important component part of higher education, plays the irreplaceable effect of other links to cultivating the talent with higher overall qualities.The target of Reform of Experiment Teaching is exactly the basic skills and the technical ability that make student can better grasp experimental study, has the ability of independently carrying out experimental study, possesses the basic quality expanded to association area.Therefore, the exploitation of synthesis and designing and popularization are inexorable trends.By the character integrated use knowledge of student according to problem, designed, designed testing scheme, drafts the concrete steps of testing scheme, comprises the design of the hardware and software relevant to test.Study the Mechanics Phenomenon that occurring in nature not easily observes directly by experiment, grasp mechanical concept and theory of mechanics further, student can be learnt in an experiment, study in an experiment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of integrative test method that can be realized multiple Basic Mechanics Experiment by autonomous Design, combination for the device carrying out general performance index research Basic Mechanics Experiment.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method, comprise: rectangular frame-experiment table, a set of mechanical type handwheel charger, a set of force snesor and a dynamometer, a set of counterweight lever loading device, one group for change the fixed pulley of loading direction, the component of a set of all kinds of rigid frame structure capable of being combined, a set of web member for connecting each component, a set of simulation typical case constraint type bearing, a set ofly may be combined with into the rod member of different truss-frame structure, a set of pull head and test specimen that can be used for one way tensile test, comprise the following steps:
(A) when carrying out the mechanics parameter test experiments of rigid frame, student can according to the experimental program needs of design itself, first the component needed for choice structure, then with web member by Component composition become needed for rigid frame structure, the design alternative bearing of experimentally constraint type more afterwards, the rigid frame combined is fixed on experiment table together with bearing, the last loading scheme experimentally designed selects load(ing) point, load mode and magnitude of load, can start experiment after everything in readiness;
The device realizing this rigid frame mechanics parameter method of testing adopts following array mode to combine this rigid frame mechanics parameter experimental provision, comprise rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger, force snesor and dynamometer, pressure head, counterweight lever loading device, rigid frame component, connecting angle pieces, simulate the bearing of different constraint type, described rigid frame component, connecting angle pieces experimentally designs to be needed to form rigid frame structure, choosing required bearing is fixed on the bottom girder of rectangular frame-experiment table, described mechanical type handwheel charger is fixed on the back timber of rectangular frame-experiment table, the lower end of described mechanical type handwheel charger is provided with force snesor and dynamometer, force snesor and dynamometer bottom are connected with pressure head, by pressure head to rigid frame structure contact also imposed load, counterweight lever loading device comprises fixed pulley, wire rope, lever, suspension hook, counterweight for changing loading direction, described wire rope one end is connected with rigid frame structure, the other end is connected with lever by fixed pulley, connecting shackle on the hole of lever diverse location, counterweight is placed on the pallet of suspension hook bottom, is regulated the enlargement factor of load by suspension hook carry on the hole of lever diverse location,
(B) when carrying out truss static(al) test experiments, first student can experimentally design needs to select the rod member needed for truss-frame structure, then with joint, each rod member is combined into required truss-frame structure, afterwards the truss-frame structure combined is fixed on experiment table together with truss support, the last loading scheme experimentally designed selects load(ing) point and load mode, can test after everything in readiness;
The device realizing this truss method of testing adopts following array mode to combine this truss dynamics experimental device, be provided with a rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger, force snesor and dynamometer, pressure head, trussmember, joint, truss support, trussmember, joint, experimentally need to form truss-frame structure, and be fixed on rectangular frame-experiment table by truss support, mechanical type handwheel charger is fixed on the back timber of rectangular frame-experiment table, the lower end of mechanical type handwheel charger is provided with force snesor and dynamometer, force snesor and dynamometer bottom are connected with pressure head, by pressure head to truss-frame structure contact and imposed load on node, described truss support is fixed on the two side of rectangular frame-experiment table, and the two ends of truss-frame structure are by being in truss support and the constraint of two roller bearing simulation pin-endeds of identical level height,
(C) when carrying out unilateral stretching test experiments, first upper and lower pull head and test specimen is needed to couple together, then upper pull head is connected the mechanical type handwheel charger on experiment table back timber, lower pull head connects the base on experiment table bottom girder, wherein drop-down head part also comprises a joint arrangement, with ensure stretch to the heart, can experimentally test by loading scheme afterwards;
The device realizing this tensile test method adopts following array mode to combine this tensile test device, be provided with a rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger, force snesor and dynamometer, upper pull head, lower pull head, test specimen, joint arrangement, mechanical type handwheel charger is arranged on the back timber of rectangular frame-experiment table, the below of mechanical type handwheel charger is connected with force snesor and dynamometer, upper pull head is connected with test specimen with force snesor and dynamometer respectively, lower pull head is connected with test specimen and joint arrangement respectively, joint arrangement is fixed on the bottom girder of rectangular frame-experiment table, described upper pull head is connected with test specimen with force snesor and dynamometer respectively by pin, and lower pull head is also connected with test specimen and joint arrangement respectively by pin.
Beneficial effect: this method of testing is simple to operate, dexterity is attractive in appearance, composability is strong, the features such as outstanding comprehensive, independence, designability, than existing method of testing diverse in function, student can be impelled to give full play to the ability of Independent Development Design experiment, the demand of conducting a research property of present colleges experimental teaching can be met.
(5) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general arrangement of frame form.
Fig. 2 is the general arrangement of truss form.
Fig. 3 is the general arrangement of stretch form.
(6) embodiment
A kind of multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method, what need to provide basicly can comprise by alternative pack: a rectangular frame-experiment table, a set of mechanical type handwheel charger, a set of force snesor and dynamometer, a set of counterweight lever loading device, one group for changing the fixed pulley of loading direction, the component of a set of all kinds of rigid frame structure capable of being combined, a set of web member for connecting each component, the bearing of the typical constraint type of a set of simulation, a set of rod member that may be combined with into different truss-frame structure, a set of pull head and test specimen that can be used for one way tensile test, method of testing of the present invention can have following several:
(A) rigid frame mechanics parameter test experiments is when carrying out the mechanics parameter test experiments of rigid frame, student can according to self experimental design needs, first the component needed for choice structure, then with web member by Component composition become needed for rigid frame structure, the design alternative bearing of experimentally constraint type more afterwards, the rigid frame structure combined is fixed on experiment table together with bearing, the last loading scheme experimentally designed selects load(ing) point, load mode and magnitude of load, can start experiment after everything in readiness.For rigid frame structure itself, can according to specific experiment designing requirement, be combined into the rigid frame structure of different structure form, different constraint type by choosing different component and bearing, load mode also can experimentally demand selects that asymmetrical load or antisymmetry load, horizontal addload or vertical loading, single-point load or multipoint excitation etc.
As shown in accompanying drawing 1, the device realizing this rigid frame mechanics parameter method of testing can be so a kind of combined type rigid frame mechanics parameter experimental provision, comprise rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger 3, force snesor and dynamometer 4, pressure head 5, counterweight lever loading device, rigid frame component 6, connecting angle pieces 7, simulate the bearing 8 of different constraint type, described rigid frame component 6, connecting angle pieces 7 experimentally designs to be needed to form rigid frame structure, choosing required bearing 8 is fixed on the bottom girder 1 of rectangular frame-experiment table, described mechanical type handwheel charger 3 is fixed on the back timber 2 of rectangular frame-experiment table, the lower end of described mechanical type handwheel charger 3 is provided with force snesor and dynamometer 4, force snesor and dynamometer 4 bottom are connected with pressure head 5, by pressure head 5 pairs of rigid frame structure contacts also imposed load.Counterweight lever loading device comprises fixed pulley 9, wire rope 10, lever 11, suspension hook 12, counterweight 13 for changing loading direction, described wire rope 10 one end is connected with rigid frame structure 6, the other end is connected with lever 11 by fixed pulley 9, connecting shackle 12 on the hole of lever diverse location, counterweight 13 is placed on the pallet of suspension hook bottom, and suspension hook carry can regulate the enlargement factor of load on the hole of lever diverse location.Can realize loading structure by increase and decrease counterweight number.The feature of this design is: student can according to self needing independent design experimental program, and the component then utilizing this experimental provision to provide autonomous unitized construction form, constraint type are to realize the rigid frame mechanics parameter test experiments of multiple different constraint type, Different Loading Method.
(B) truss static(al) test experiments is when carrying out truss static(al) test experiments, first student can experimentally design needs to select the rod member needed for truss-frame structure, then with joint, each rod member is combined into required truss-frame structure, the truss-frame structure combined and truss support being assembled afterwards is fixed on rectangular frame experiment table, selects load(ing) point and load mode to test.Experimental provision when realizing truss test loads identical with rigid frame structure, but load must be applied on node.Two ends are by being in truss support and the constraint of two roller bearing simulation pin-endeds of identical level height.
As shown in accompanying drawing 2, the device realizing this truss method of testing can be so a kind of combined truss dynamics experimental device, be provided with a rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger 3, force snesor and dynamometer 4, pressure head 5, trussmember 6-1, joint 7-1, truss support 8-1, trussmember 6-1, joint 7-1, experimentally need to form truss-frame structure, and be fixed on rectangular frame-experiment table by truss support 8-1, mechanical type handwheel charger 3 is fixed on the back timber 2 of rectangular frame-experiment table, the lower end of mechanical type handwheel charger 3 is provided with force snesor and dynamometer 4, force snesor and dynamometer 4 bottom are connected with pressure head 5, by the contact of the pressure head 5 pairs of truss-frame structures and imposed load on node.Truss support 8-1 in the present invention is fixed on the two side of rectangular frame-experiment table, and the two ends of truss-frame structure are by being in truss support 8-1 and two the roller bearing simulation pin-ended constraint of identical level height.
(C) one way tensile test is when carrying out one way tensile test, first upper and lower pull head and test specimen is needed to couple together, then the mechanical type handwheel charger on experiment table back timber is connected by upper pull head, lower pull head connects the base on experiment table bottom girder, wherein drop-down head part also comprises a joint arrangement, with ensure stretch to the heart, can experimentally test by loading scheme afterwards.
As shown in Figure 3, the device realizing this tensile test method can be so a kind of combined type tensile test device, be provided with a rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger 3, force snesor and dynamometer 4, upper pull head 5-1, lower pull head 5-2, test specimen 6, joint arrangement 7, mechanical type handwheel charger 3 is arranged on the back timber 2 of rectangular frame-experiment table, the below of mechanical type handwheel charger 3 is connected with force snesor and dynamometer 4, upper pull head 5-1 is connected with test specimen 6 with force snesor and dynamometer 4 respectively, lower pull head 5-2 is connected with test specimen 6 and joint arrangement 7 respectively, joint arrangement 7 is fixed on the bottom girder 1 of rectangular frame-experiment table.Upper pull head 5-1 in the present invention is connected with test specimen 6 with force snesor and dynamometer 4 respectively by pin, and lower pull head 5-2 is also connected with test specimen 6 and joint arrangement 7 respectively by pin.
This multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method and realize the various experimental provisions of various test, is material mechanics experiment for carrying out general performance index and the desk type multifunctional combined experimental device developed.This device can carry out multiple different structure form, the rigid frame synthesis and designing of different constraint type, the slow test of truss and one way tensile test, can realize with can mounting structure independently build various ways rigid frame and truss, utilize multiple bearing to form multi-form constraint, can be implemented on different load(ing) point and apply single or multiple load simultaneously, and asymmetrical load and antisymmetry loading can be realized, student in an experiment can flexible design, independently implement, can the autonomous innovation of training student and practical competence.
Current most domestic Basic Mechanics Experiment device is all simple function substantially, and an experimental provision can only realize a kind of experiment.Also having incorporating aspects experimental provision, is several fixing basic experiment be jointly assembled on a device.And the difference that originally multifunction combined dynamics experimental device is maximum is just its composability and polytrope, student can according to the needs of autonomous Design experiment, rod member needed for selection, joint, constraint bearing and load mode independently combine kinds of experiments, so just achieve the multifunctionality of device very easily, the understanding of student to Experiments of Machanics can also be deepened simultaneously, consolidate and improve the mechanical knowledge learned.Excite innovative thinking by design synthesis experiment, the effective R. concomitans ability improving theory and practice, and knowwhy is used in the skill in the middle of practice by grasp.

Claims (1)

1. a multifunction combined mechanical measuring and calculation method, comprise: rectangular frame-experiment table, a set of mechanical type handwheel charger, a set of force snesor and a dynamometer, a set of counterweight lever loading device, one group for change the fixed pulley of loading direction, the component of a set of all kinds of rigid frame structure capable of being combined, a set of web member for connecting each component, a set of simulation typical case constraint type bearing, a set ofly may be combined with into the rod member of different truss-frame structure, a set of pull head and test specimen that can be used for one way tensile test, it is characterized in that:
(A) when carrying out the mechanics parameter test experiments of rigid frame, student can according to the experimental program needs of design itself, first the component needed for choice structure, then with web member by Component composition become needed for rigid frame structure, the design alternative bearing of experimentally constraint type more afterwards, the rigid frame combined is fixed on experiment table together with bearing, the last loading scheme experimentally designed selects load(ing) point, load mode and magnitude of load, can start experiment after everything in readiness;
The device realizing this rigid frame mechanics parameter method of testing adopts following array mode to combine this rigid frame mechanics parameter experimental provision, comprise rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger, force snesor and dynamometer, pressure head, counterweight lever loading device, rigid frame component, connecting angle pieces, simulate the bearing of different constraint type, described rigid frame component, connecting angle pieces experimentally designs to be needed to form rigid frame structure, choosing required bearing is fixed on the bottom girder of rectangular frame-experiment table, described mechanical type handwheel charger is fixed on the back timber of rectangular frame-experiment table, the lower end of described mechanical type handwheel charger is provided with force snesor and dynamometer, force snesor and dynamometer bottom are connected with pressure head, by pressure head to rigid frame structure contact also imposed load, counterweight lever loading device comprises fixed pulley, wire rope, lever, suspension hook, counterweight for changing loading direction, described wire rope one end is connected with rigid frame structure, the other end is connected with lever by fixed pulley, connecting shackle on the hole of lever diverse location, counterweight is placed on the pallet of suspension hook bottom, is regulated the enlargement factor of load by suspension hook carry on the hole of lever diverse location,
(B) when carrying out truss static(al) test experiments, first student can experimentally design needs to select the rod member needed for truss-frame structure, then with joint, each rod member is combined into required truss-frame structure, afterwards the truss-frame structure combined is fixed on experiment table together with truss support, the last loading scheme experimentally designed selects load(ing) point and load mode, can test after everything in readiness;
The device realizing this truss method of testing adopts following array mode to combine this truss dynamics experimental device, be provided with a rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger, force snesor and dynamometer, pressure head, trussmember, joint, truss support, trussmember, joint, experimentally need to form truss-frame structure, and be fixed on rectangular frame-experiment table by truss support, mechanical type handwheel charger is fixed on the back timber of rectangular frame-experiment table, the lower end of mechanical type handwheel charger is provided with force snesor and dynamometer, force snesor and dynamometer bottom are connected with pressure head, by pressure head to truss-frame structure contact and imposed load on node, described truss support is fixed on the two side of rectangular frame-experiment table, and the two ends of truss-frame structure are by being in truss support and the constraint of two roller bearing simulation pin-endeds of identical level height,
(C) when carrying out unilateral stretching test experiments, first upper and lower pull head and test specimen is needed to couple together, then upper pull head is connected the mechanical type handwheel charger on experiment table back timber, lower pull head connects the base on experiment table bottom girder, wherein drop-down head part also comprises a joint arrangement, with ensure stretch to the heart, can experimentally test by loading scheme afterwards;
The device realizing this tensile test method adopts following array mode to combine this tensile test device, be provided with a rectangular frame-experiment table, mechanical type handwheel charger, force snesor and dynamometer, upper pull head, lower pull head, test specimen, joint arrangement, mechanical type handwheel charger is arranged on the back timber of rectangular frame-experiment table, the below of mechanical type handwheel charger is connected with force snesor and dynamometer, upper pull head is connected with test specimen with force snesor and dynamometer respectively, lower pull head is connected with test specimen and joint arrangement respectively, joint arrangement is fixed on the bottom girder of rectangular frame-experiment table, described upper pull head is connected with test specimen with force snesor and dynamometer respectively by pin, and lower pull head is also connected with test specimen and joint arrangement respectively by pin.
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