CN103134983A - Terahertz coherent detection system based on single mixer and method - Google Patents
Terahertz coherent detection system based on single mixer and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a terahertz coherent detection system based on a single mixer and a method. The terahertz coherent detection system based on the single mixer is composed of a first beam separator, a second beam separator, a terahertz mixer, an intermediate frequency amplifier unit, a terahertz reference source, a terahertz signal source, a phase lock unit, a spectrum processing unit and an offset unit, wherein the first beam separator, the second beam separator, the terahertz mixer and the intermediate frequency amplifier unit are sequentially connected, an output end of the intermediate frequency amplifier unit is connected with an input end of the phase lock unit and an input end of the spectrum processing unit, the phase lock unit inputs a signal sequentially to the terahertz signal source and the first beam separator, a the terahertz reference source inputs a signal to the second beam separator, the offset unit comprises a first offset unit and a second offset unit, the first offset unit is connected with the terahertz mixer, and the second offset unit is connected with the intermediate frequency amplifier unit. The terahertz coherent detection system based on the single mixer achieves coherent detection of a terahertz signal source lock phase and a terahertz signal based on the single mixer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phase-locked and signal coherence detection technique of signal source, particularly a kind ofly realize simultaneously the phase-locked and relevant system and method that detects of terahertz signal in terahertz signal source based on single frequency mixer.
Background technology
Relevant detection (superhet mixing) is to realize input by difference frequency between detected signal and local oscillator reference signal.Relevant detection can be obtained amplitude and the phase information of detected signal simultaneously, and can realize that high-resolution signal detects (as the molecular spectrum input).At present relevant detection has been widely used in the fields such as radio astronomy.
The Terahertz related detection system is comprised of terahertz signal source, Terahertz frequency mixer and intermediate-freuqncy signal disposal system etc.At present terahertz signal commonly used source mainly comprises solid semiconductor source, gas laser and quantum cascade laser etc.Yet when radio astronomy more and more develops to high band, some terahertz signals source will be difficult to satisfy practical application request, as the solid semiconductor source, it is subjected to the stray reactance effect limits, sharply reduce in the 1.5 above frequency band signals output powers of THz, be difficult to satisfy Terahertz frequency mixer (comprising super conducting mixer) local oscillator demand.And the infrared-gas laser instrument is not high due to output power stability, and volume is larger, is difficult to be fit to actual Astronomical application yet.In recent years, quantum cascade laser is in output power, and the various aspects such as output frequency and working temperature all obtain remarkable breakthrough, has become one of the important selection in Terahertz high band (as 1.5 THz with super band) local oscillation signal source.But the frequency of operation when this type of terahertz signal is derived from by vibration can be subjected to external factor (as working temperature and bias source current noise etc.) impact usually, needs that in actual Astronomical application it is carried out phase-locked processing and stablizes its output frequency.For this reason, the developed country such as American-European is just actively developing the source phaselock technique research of high band terahertz signal.
The phase-locked harmonic mixer that usually can utilize to signal source is realized, for example utilizes the Schottky harmonic mixer to realize the phase-locked of solid semiconductor source (as honest and just formula oscillator and frequency multiplier combination).At Terahertz high band (as 1.5 THz with super band), the harmonic mixing efficient of harmonic mixer (as the Schottky harmonic mixer) sharply reduces, and utilizes harmonic mixer to realize that Terahertz high frequency band signal source is phase-locked and will become very difficult.At present the phase-locked of Terahertz high frequency band signal source normally realizes based on the frequency mixer fundamental wave mixing, for example German KOSMA group and Dutch SRON group based superconductive thermoelectron frequency mixer fundamental wave mixing realized respectively 1.5 THz and 2.7 THz quantum cascade laser phase-locked.
As shown in Figure 1, existing Terahertz related detection system is comprised of the relevant detection subsystem 1 of Terahertz and the phase-locked subsystem 2 of terahertz signal, the relevant detecting unit 1 of Terahertz is comprised of tested signal, beam splitter, Terahertz frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifying unit and frequency spectrum processing unit, and terahertz signal phase locking unit 2 is comprised of Terahertz reference source, beam splitter, Terahertz frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifying unit, phase locking unit and terahertz signal source.Be provided with two Terahertz frequency mixer in this Terahertz related detection system, it is phase-locked that one of them frequency mixer is used for the terahertz signal source, another frequency mixer is used for the relevant detection of terahertz signal, this will make Terahertz related detection system structure become complicated, particularly use super conducting mixer (as heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer, its working temperature is generally 4 K), need extra auxiliary cooling equipment.In addition, use two Terahertz frequency mixer also in requisition for two cover intermediate frequency amplifying units, labyrinth will bring uncertainty to the reliably working of Terahertz related detection system.
Summary of the invention
In order to simplify existing Terahertz relevant (using two Terahertz frequency mixer) system that detects, the present invention will provide a kind of based on single frequency mixer realize simultaneously the terahertz signal source phase-locked with terahertz signal related detection system and method.The present invention shares Terahertz frequency mixer and corresponding intermediate frequency amplifying unit in the phase-locked and signal coherence of signal source detects, can simplify Terahertz related detection system structure, improve detection system job stability and reliability, lay important foundation for realizing stable relevant detection of terahertz signal.
In order to complete the foregoing invention task, namely realize simultaneously detecting terahertz signal phase-locked being concerned with terahertz signal of source based on single frequency mixer, a technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Terahertz related detection system based on single frequency mixer, by the first wave beam separator, the Second Wave beam separator, the Terahertz frequency mixer, the intermediate frequency amplifying unit, the Terahertz reference source, the terahertz signal source, phase locking unit, frequency spectrum processing unit and bias unit form, the first wave beam separator, the Second Wave beam separator, the Terahertz frequency mixer is connected with the intermediate frequency amplifying unit and is connected, intermediate frequency amplifying unit output terminal is connected with frequency spectrum processing unit input end with phase locking unit respectively, phase locking unit outputs signal to the terahertz signal source, the terahertz signal source outputs signal to the first wave beam separator, the Terahertz reference source outputs signal to the Second Wave beam separator, bias unit comprises the first bias unit and the second bias unit, the first bias unit is connected with the Terahertz frequency mixer, the second bias unit is connected with the intermediate frequency amplifying unit,
Wherein, first wave beam separator, Second Wave beam separator, terahertz signal source, Terahertz reference source, Terahertz frequency mixer, the first and second bias units and phase locking unit consist of the phase-locked subsystem in terahertz signal source, realize that the terahertz signal source is phase-locked; First wave beam separator, terahertz signal source, Terahertz reference source, Terahertz frequency mixer, the first and second bias units and phase locking unit consist of the relevant detection subsystem of terahertz signal, realize that terahertz signal is relevant to detect.
In the present invention, the relevant detection subsystem of the phase-locked subsystem in terahertz signal source and terahertz signal shares Terahertz frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifying unit and corresponding bias unit.The present invention utilize the first wave beam separator with terahertz signal source output signal and detected signal coupling to the Terahertz frequency mixer, utilize simultaneously the Second Wave beam separator that the phase-locked required Terahertz reference source output signal in terahertz signal source is coupled to the Terahertz frequency mixer.Here select the reflection mode of beam splitter that the phase-locked required Terahertz reference source output signal in terahertz signal source is coupled to the Terahertz frequency mixer, be because the transfer efficiency of beam splitter higher (greater than 95%) usually, increasing a beam splitter in the transmission path of detected signal will can not produce on the performance of related detection system obviously impact.In this system, the Terahertz frequency mixer is realized terahertz signal source output signal and detected signal mixing simultaneously, and terahertz signal source output signal and the mixing of the phase-locked required Terahertz reference source output signal of signal source, intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing is first passed through the intermediate frequency amplifying unit, then utilize power splitter to be divided into two-way, one the tunnel connects the frequency spectrum processing unit, and another road connects phase locking unit.For the Terahertz frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifying unit commonly used mainly comprises low temperature low noise amplifier and normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifier.
Described frequency spectrum processing unit comprises L/S wave band frequency mixer, L/S band signal source, intermediate frequency amplifier and wave filter and frequency spectrograph (as digital FFT frequency spectrograph), and L/S wave band frequency mixer receives intermediate frequency amplifying unit signal and L/S band signal source output signal exports L/S wave band intermediate frequency amplifier, wave filter and frequency spectrograph successively to.
Described phase locking unit is made of L/S wave band frequency mixer, L/S band signal source, lock-oriented circuit module and microwave derived reference signal (as 100 MHz derived reference signals) usually, L/S wave band frequency mixer is accepted intermediate frequency amplifying unit signal and L/S band signal source signal, output signal to lock-oriented circuit module, the microwave derived reference signal outputs signal to lock-oriented circuit module.In the phase-locked process in terahertz signal source, signal source output signal and the reference source output signal process Terahertz frequency mixer mixing close with its output frequency, intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing is first amplified through the intermediate frequency amplifying unit, then be divided into two-way through power splitter, wherein one the tunnel downconvert near microwave frequency band (100 MHz) thus carry out phase-locked processing and realize that the terahertz signal source is phase-locked.Simultaneously, terahertz signal source output signal and detected signal also pass through the mixing of Terahertz frequency mixer, intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing is first amplified through the intermediate frequency amplifying unit, carries out thereby then deliver to the frequency spectrum processing unit through power splitter the relevant detection that frequency spectrum processing realizes terahertz signal.
The selection of required reference source in phase-locked for the terahertz signal source, can utilize the higher hamonic wave in solid-state semiconductor source, phase-locked for 2.7 THz terahertz signal sources for example can be utilized the third harmonic in 900 ghz band solid-state semiconductor sources (as frequency synthesizer and frequency multiplier chain combination).Use extensively in the Terahertz frequency range in the solid-state semiconductor source, its stable output power, output frequency is adjustable (10% tuning bandwidth is arranged usually), and all there is higher hamonic wave usually in the solid-state semiconductor source, can be used as the terahertz signal source phase-locked in required reference source.In addition; usually can (before the Terahertz frequency mixer) add the direct detection effect that bandpass filter suppresses Terahertz frequency mixer (as heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer) in the detection signal transmission path in the Terahertz related detection system; the fundamental signal frequency in solid-state semiconductor source is generally outside the band passband of this wave filter; so utilize the higher hamonic wave in solid-state semiconductor source as the Terahertz reference source, its fundamental signal can not exert an influence to the duty of Terahertz frequency mixer.
Another technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: based on the Terahertz coherence detection of single frequency mixer, comprise phase-locked step and relevant detecting step, wherein,
Phase-locked step is as follows:
1). the first and second beam splitter are coupled to heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer with terahertz signal source output signal and the Terahertz reference source output signal close with the signal source output frequency respectively;
2). the intermediate-freuqncy signal of intermediate frequency amplifying unit after with heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer difference frequency amplified;
3). the intermediate-freuqncy signal after power splitter will amplify is delivered to phase locking unit;
4). in phase locking unit, the frequency mixer of L/S wave band is with intermediate-freuqncy signal and the source output signal mixing of L/S band signal, and reference source signal in the signal after mixing and phase-locked module (as 100 MHz microwave signals) enters the PLL lock-oriented circuit module jointly;
5). signal and the microwave reference signal (as 100 MHz microwave signals) of the phase detector in the PLL lock-oriented circuit module after with down coversion carried out the comparison of frequency and phase place, produces an error signal;
6). PLL lock-oriented circuit module intermediate ring road wave filter is with error signal filtering radio-frequency component, then feed back to the terahertz signal source as tuning voltage, revise the dc bias current in terahertz signal source, stablize the output frequency in terahertz signal source, thereby realize that the terahertz signal source is phase-locked;
Relevant detecting step is as follows:
1) the first wave beam separator will be detected signal and terahertz signal source output signal is coupled to the Terahertz frequency mixer;
2) intermediate-freuqncy signal of intermediate frequency amplifying unit after with Terahertz frequency mixer difference frequency amplified;
3) intermediate-freuqncy signal after power splitter will amplify is delivered to the frequency spectrum processing unit;
4) in the frequency spectrum processing unit frequency mixer of L/S wave band with the intermediate-freuqncy signal down coversion;
5) in the frequency spectrum processing unit, the signal of the amplifier of L/S wave band after with down coversion amplifies processing, the most suitable signal is delivered to rear end spectrum analyzer system (as the FFT frequency spectrograph) and is carried out spectrum analysis and process, thereby realizing that the Terahertz frequency band signals is relevant detects.
The effect that the present invention is useful is based on single frequency mixer and realizes simultaneously detecting terahertz signal phase-locked being concerned with terahertz signal of source.Compare with the related detection system that comprises two Terahertz frequency mixer (particularly for using super conducting mixer), the present invention is because in the terahertz signal source in the phase-locked and relevant testing process of terahertz signal, only use single Terahertz frequency mixer and share the intermediate frequency amplifying unit (for super conducting mixer, the intermediate frequency amplifying unit comprises low temperature low noise amplifier and normal temperature intermediate frequency amplifier usually) and corresponding direct current biasing unit, it has simplified Terahertz related detection system structure, has improved the reliability and stability of detection system.In addition, the present invention also provide the terahertz signal source phase-locked in the selection of required derived reference signal, namely utilize the higher hamonic wave in solid-state semiconductor source (as frequency synthesizer and frequency multiplier chain combination) as the pll reference signal source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional Terahertz related detection system block diagram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention system chart.
Embodiment
Now 2 be described further with embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings.
as shown in Figure 2, Terahertz related detection system based on single frequency mixer, by first wave beam separator 2, Second Wave beam separator 3, Terahertz frequency mixer 5, intermediate frequency amplifying unit 8, Terahertz reference source 6, terahertz signal source 7, phase locking unit 10, frequency spectrum processing unit 11, the first bias unit 4 and the second bias unit 9 form, first wave beam separator 2, Second Wave beam separator 3, Terahertz frequency mixer 5 is connected with the intermediate frequency amplifying unit successively and is connected, intermediate frequency amplifying unit 8 output terminals are connected with phase locking unit respectively and are connected input end with the frequency spectrum processing unit and connect, phase locking unit 10 outputs signal to terahertz signal source 7, terahertz signal source 7 outputs signal to first wave beam separator 2, Terahertz reference source 6 outputs signal to Second Wave beam separator 3, the first bias unit 4 is connected connection with the Terahertz frequency mixer, the second bias unit 9 is connected connection with the intermediate frequency amplifying unit.2.7 THz quantum cascade laser are adopted in terahertz signal source 7, and Terahertz reference source 6 adopts 900 ghz band solid-state semiconductor sources, and Terahertz frequency mixer 5 adopts heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer.
In the present embodiment, by first wave beam separator 2, Second Wave beam separator 3, terahertz signal source 7, Terahertz reference source 6, Terahertz frequency mixer 5, intermediate frequency amplifying unit 8, first and bias unit 4 second bias units 9 and phase locking unit 10 consist of terahertz signal source phase-locked system, realize that the terahertz signal source is phase-locked.Consist of the relevant detection subsystem of terahertz signal by first wave beam separator 2, terahertz signal source 7, Terahertz reference source 6, Terahertz frequency mixer 5, the first bias unit 4, the second bias unit 9 and phase locking unit 10, realize that terahertz signal is relevant to detect.Two sub-systems share Terahertz frequency mixer 5(heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer), intermediate frequency amplifying unit 8 and the first bias unit 4, the second bias unit 9.
Wherein, realize that based on the Terahertz related detection system of single frequency mixer the 2.7 phase-locked steps of THz quantum cascade laser are as follows:
1). first wave beam separator 2 and Second Wave beam separator 3 are coupled to heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer 5 with 2.7 THz quantum cascade laser 7 output signals and the Terahertz reference source close with the signal source output frequency (third harmonic in 900 ghz band solid-state semiconductor sources 6) output signal respectively.
2). the intermediate-freuqncy signal of intermediate frequency amplifying unit 8 after with heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer 5 difference frequencies amplified.
3). the intermediate-freuqncy signal after power splitter will amplify is delivered to phase locking unit 10.
4). in phase locking unit 10, the frequency mixer of L/S wave band is with intermediate-freuqncy signal and the source output signal mixing of L/S band signal, and reference source signal in the signal after mixing and phase-locked module (as 100 MHz microwave signals) enters the PLL lock-oriented circuit module jointly.
5). signal and the microwave reference signal (as 100 MHz microwave signals) of the phase detector in the PLL lock-oriented circuit module after with down coversion carried out the comparison of frequency and phase place, produces an error signal.
6). PLL lock-oriented circuit module intermediate ring road wave filter is with error signal filtering radio-frequency component, then feed back to quantum cascade laser 7 as tuning voltage, the dc bias current of correction qc laser 7, the output frequency of stable quantity qc laser 7, thus realize that 2.7 THz quantum cascade laser 7 are phase-locked.
Realize that based on the Terahertz related detection system of single frequency mixer the relevant detecting step of 2.7 THz frequency band signals is as follows:
1) first wave beam separator 2 is coupled to heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer 5 with the detected signal 1 of 2.7 THz frequency ranges and 2.7 THz quantum cascade laser 7 output signals.
2) intermediate-freuqncy signal of intermediate frequency amplifying unit 8 after with heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer 5 difference frequencies amplified.
3) intermediate-freuqncy signal after power splitter will amplify is delivered to frequency spectrum processing unit 11.
4) in frequency spectrum processing unit 11 frequency mixer of L/S wave band with the intermediate-freuqncy signal down coversion.
5) in frequency spectrum processing unit 11, the signal of the amplifier of L/S wave band after with down coversion amplifies processing, the most suitable signal is delivered to rear end spectrum analyzer system (as the FFT frequency spectrograph) and is carried out spectrum analysis and process, thereby realizing that 2.7 THz frequency band signals are relevant detects.
Claims (5)
1. based on the Terahertz related detection system of single frequency mixer, it is characterized in that, this system is by the first wave beam separator, the Second Wave beam separator, the Terahertz frequency mixer, the intermediate frequency amplifying unit, the Terahertz reference source, the terahertz signal source, phase locking unit, frequency spectrum processing unit and bias unit form, the first wave beam separator, the Second Wave beam separator, the Terahertz frequency mixer is connected with the intermediate frequency amplifying unit and is connected, intermediate frequency amplifying unit output terminal is connected with frequency spectrum processing unit input end with phase locking unit respectively, phase locking unit outputs signal to the terahertz signal source, the terahertz signal source outputs signal to the first wave beam separator, the Terahertz reference source outputs signal to the Second Wave beam separator, bias unit comprises the first bias unit and the second bias unit, the first bias unit is connected with the Terahertz frequency mixer, the second bias unit is connected with the intermediate frequency amplifying unit,
Wherein, first wave beam separator, Second Wave beam separator, terahertz signal source, Terahertz reference source, Terahertz frequency mixer, the first and second bias units and phase locking unit consist of the phase-locked subsystem in terahertz signal source, realize that the terahertz signal source is phase-locked; Second Wave beam separator, terahertz signal source, Terahertz reference source, Terahertz frequency mixer, the first and second bias units and phase locking unit consist of the relevant detection subsystem of terahertz signal, realize that terahertz signal is relevant to detect.
2. Terahertz related detection system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frequency spectrum processing unit comprises L/S wave band frequency mixer, L/S band signal source, intermediate frequency amplifier, wave filter and frequency spectrograph (as digital FFT frequency spectrograph), and L/S wave band frequency mixer receives intermediate frequency amplifying unit signal and L/S band signal source output signal and exports successively L/S band signal source, intermediate frequency amplifier, wave filter and frequency spectrograph to.
3. Terahertz related detection system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described phase locking unit is made of L/S wave band frequency mixer, L/S band signal source, lock-oriented circuit module and microwave derived reference signal usually, L/S wave band frequency mixer receives intermediate frequency amplifying unit signal and L/S band signal source signal, output signal to lock-oriented circuit module, the microwave derived reference signal outputs signal to lock-oriented circuit module.
4. Terahertz related detection system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during described terahertz signal source is phase-locked, required reference source is the higher hamonic wave in solid-state semiconductor source.
5. the detection method of Terahertz related detection system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the method comprises phase-locked step and relevant detecting step, wherein,
Described phase-locked step is as follows:
1). the first and second beam splitter are coupled to heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer with terahertz signal source output signal and the Terahertz reference source output signal close with the signal source output frequency respectively;
2). the intermediate-freuqncy signal of intermediate frequency amplifying unit after with heat superconducting electronics frequency mixer difference frequency amplified;
3). the intermediate-freuqncy signal after power splitter will amplify is delivered to phase locking unit;
4). in phase locking unit, the frequency mixer of L/S wave band is with intermediate-freuqncy signal and the source output signal mixing of L/S band signal, and in the signal after mixing and phase-locked module, reference source signal enters the PLL lock-oriented circuit module jointly;
5). signal and the microwave reference signal of the phase detector in the PLL lock-oriented circuit module after with down coversion carried out the comparison of frequency and phase place, produces an error signal;
6). PLL lock-oriented circuit module intermediate ring road wave filter is with error signal filtering radio-frequency component, then feed back to the terahertz signal source as tuning voltage, revise the dc bias current in terahertz signal source, stablize the output frequency in terahertz signal source, thereby realize that the terahertz signal source is phase-locked;
Described relevant detecting step is as follows:
1) the Second Wave beam separator will be detected signal and terahertz signal source output signal is coupled to the Terahertz frequency mixer;
2) intermediate-freuqncy signal of intermediate frequency amplifying unit after with Terahertz frequency mixer difference frequency amplified;
3) intermediate-freuqncy signal after power splitter will amplify is delivered to the frequency spectrum processing unit;
4) in the frequency spectrum processing unit frequency mixer of L/S wave band with the intermediate-freuqncy signal down coversion;
5) in the frequency spectrum processing unit, the signal of the amplifier of L/S wave band after with down coversion amplifies processing, and the most suitable signal is delivered to the rear end spectrum analyzer system and carried out spectrum analysis and process, thereby realizing that the Terahertz frequency band signals is relevant detects.
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