CN103125069A - Multi-leveled voltage drive for electric machine phase shifted winding sets - Google Patents
Multi-leveled voltage drive for electric machine phase shifted winding sets Download PDFInfo
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- CN103125069A CN103125069A CN2011800464922A CN201180046492A CN103125069A CN 103125069 A CN103125069 A CN 103125069A CN 2011800464922 A CN2011800464922 A CN 2011800464922A CN 201180046492 A CN201180046492 A CN 201180046492A CN 103125069 A CN103125069 A CN 103125069A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
Abstract
A system may include a drive driving a machine. The machine may include a stator having different winding locations distributed evenly across its surface, and a number of coils arranged symmetrically among the winding locations and connected to form N sets of multiple (M) phase windings. For each winding, each corresponding coil may span a single pole to form a full pitch winding. Each winding may be offset with respect to each other to reduce a harmonic content of a magnetic flux within certain frequency range during operation. The drive may include a processing stage that includes N independent modules corresponding to each winding. Each of the N modules may have M output ports for connection to each corresponding winding. Each of the N modules may be powered by a direct current power source, and have an M number of switch matrices that have at least three levels of output.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/368 that is entitled as " Multi-leveled Phase Shifted Electric Machine System (many level phase shift electric system) " of submission on July 28th, 2010,295 priority, its disclosure is contained in this by quoting.
Background technology
Some electric power systems convert mechanical energy electric energy to and/or convert electric energy to mechanical energy.For example, electricity generation system can comprise prime mover and mechanical energy can be converted to the electromechanical compo of electric energy such as motor.Similarly, motor-driven system can comprise the mechanical load that is coupled to motor.These systems generally include to process electric energy (for example by with the AC(alternating current) and convert the DC(direct current to) or vice versa) the power electronic device of passive or active control.In addition, these systems can use transformer with the different piece of isolation power distribution network or be used for mating the voltage level of the different piece of power distribution network.
Summary of the invention
One exemplary power system comprises the motor with many group stator winding.Every group of winding is coupled to common voltage bus by switch matrix.Every group of winding can spatially distribute with diameter pitch around stator, so that the stator flux magnetic flux significantly reduces.The stator magnetic flux harmonic wave that reduces can be associated with the phase current harmonic content.
In some implementations, stator winding in motor connect significantly reduce or eliminate from power electronic equipment the time meta-harmonic current impact, comprise the harmonic wave order, the harmonic wave order is the function of switching frequency of group number (N), the number of phases (M) in every group of winding and the device in electric power-electronic commutator of phase winding.
Many level adjustment are so that be fed to voltage waveform or the current waveform ladder of N each group in the motor winding.For example, make N equal 4, can obtain the low magnetic flux harmonic content and need not to carry out many level adjustment in low voltage application.Can reduce or minimize with many level adjustment iron core and the coil loss of motor.Many level adjustment by the 3S technology can reduce the switching loss of adjustable speed in driving significantly, especially when electric moter voltage is medium voltate.
One total aspect, electric system can comprise the driving of motor and drive motors.Motor can comprise stator, and this stator has several winding positions that distribute across stator surface substantially equably.Motor is placed between described several winding positions with also can comprising almost symmetry and connects to form several coils of number (N) group many (M) phase winding.For each in these windings, each in coil can be across single magnetic pole to form a diameter pitch winding.The harmonic content of the magnetic flux during each group in N group coil can substantially relative to each other stagger significantly to reduce to operate in a certain frequency range.For example, winding can be in each slit of stator spatially (for example circumferentially) stagger each other, perhaps winding can stagger in another way substantially, to reduce the harmonic content of the magnetic flux in this frequency range.
Driving can comprise processes level, and this processing level comprises N basic standalone module, and these modules are corresponding with each group in N group winding.Each had M in N module output port is in order to be connected in each in corresponding N group winding.Each in N module can have the first and second input ports, and these input ports can be connected in first node and the Section Point of voltage bus.The switch matrix of each the had M quantity in module, these switch matrix have at least three output levels.N module can be regulation voltage, electric current and/or both.
In some respects, N module can have at least five output levels.The switch matrix of this at least five level can be configured to output voltage under at least five level amplitudes.
In some respects, electric system can comprise the permanent magnet rotary that is configured to rotate in stator.But electric system can further comprise submerged pump, thereby this pump is coupled to rotor with the rotational speed identical with rotor.For example, but electric system can comprise submerged pump, thereby this pump is coupled to rotor with the rotational speed identical with rotor, stator and coil.But rotor and submerged pump can be configured to be positioned at well (wellbore).
In some respects, the switch matrix of this at least three level can be configured to output voltage under at least three level amplitudes.In this electric system, the voltage under first switch matrix output the first phase place of the M of the first a module switch matrix, and the second switch module of the M of each a module switch matrix is exported the voltage under the second phase place different from the first phase place.The first switch matrix can be with the Voltage-output under the first phase place to first coil, and the second matrix can be with the coil of the Voltage-output to the second under the second phase place.This electric system can use M for example to equal 3 and the N parameter that equals 4.
Illustrate in the accompanying drawings and the description below one or more embodiments of the detail of the present invention.By the specification, drawings and the claims book, other features of the present invention, target and advantage will become apparent.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A-1B illustrates the schematic representation of exemplary power level.
Fig. 2 illustrates the diagram of the exemplary stator winding configuration in motor.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that illustrates to the voltage waveform of the tri-level switch matrix of N=4 group motor winding feed.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that illustrates to the voltage waveform of the five-level switch magnetic matrix of N=2 group motor winding feed.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that illustrates to the topo graph of the five-level switch magnetic matrix of N=4 group motor winding feed and related voltage waveform.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram to the common transducer of two motor A, B feed.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that an exemplary motor system is shown.
Reference numeral similar in each accompanying drawing is indicated similar parts.
Embodiment
The 3S motor can comprise stator, and this stator has substantially equably a plurality of winding positions across its surface distributed.The 3S motor can further comprise conductor, and this conductor forms a plurality of coils, and these coils are the setting of almost symmetry ground between each winding position.Conductor can be and connect to form number (N) group many (M) phase winding.For each group in N group winding, each coil can stride across single magnetic pole to form the diameter pitch winding.Each group in N group coil can relative to each other spatially stagger significantly to reduce the harmonic content of the magnetic flux in a certain frequency range.In the 3S motor, N can be any value greater than 1, and for example N can equal 2,3,4 or higher value.
Motor can comprise a plurality of switch matrix.In some cases, motor comprises Q active switch matrix, and wherein each in Q active switch matrix is coupled to each group in N group winding.Each group switch matrix can be fed out from the DC bus.
Can use many level adjustment so that be fed to the voltage waveform ladder of N each group in the motor winding.Make N equal 4, can obtain the low magnetic flux harmonic content and need not to carry out many level adjustment in low voltage application.Can reduce or minimize with many level adjustment iron core and the coil loss of motor.Many level adjustment by the 3S technology have reduced the switching loss during adjustable speed drives significantly, especially when electric moter voltage is medium voltate.
Figure 1A-1B illustrates the example system that mechanical energy can be converted to electric energy (for example high power DC generation) or convert electric energy to mechanical energy (for example high-speed motor application).As shown in Figure 1A, system 100 comprises switch matrix 105a-105n, motor 110 and the voltage bus 115 of row's (N) quantity.Each in switch matrix 105a-105n can comprise the M phase inverter that drives for motor and/or the M diode phase electric bridge that is used for generating.Each in switch matrix 105a-105n comprises respectively port one 20a-120n, and each in port one 20a-120n comprises that one group of terminal (not shown) is for one of stator winding that is connected to N respective sets on motor 110.In certain embodiments, one or more in port one 20a-120n comprise one or more terminals, the neutral point that is associated in order to each winding that is connected in one group of winding with the motor winding of open △ configuration (for example, for).Each in switch matrix 105a-105n also comprises respectively port one 25a-125n, and each in port one 25a-125n comprises that pair of terminal uses for being connected to voltage bus 115.
In each embodiment, N in motor 110 group winding each other phase shift so that a plurality of Stator Current Harmonic significantly reduce at system's 100 duration of works.The harmonic wave quantity that significantly reduces is the function that number of phases M in every group of winding and winding group are counted N.
(for example have two winding layers) in some instances, heterogeneous (M) winding group number (N) possible for specific stator arrangement can calculate as follows:
N=stator slit number/(M number of magnetic poles).
Based on the group number (for example coil number of each magnetic pole) of winding, different embodiment can reduce or harmonic carcellation significantly.In one embodiment, can use the stator of one 48 slits, as example and unrestricted, N=2 or N=4.Can have coil, winding layers, number of phases and stator slot of the different numbers of every magnetic pole etc. in each example.For three-phase (M=3) system, can be (6N+/-1) as the first harmonic component that is not significantly reduced or eliminates of the function of winding group number (N).Can be expressed as π/(M*N) as the phase shift of the function of number of phases (M) and winding group number (N).
Corresponding one in each group of N group winding and port one 20a – 120n is connected.In motor 110, each group winding and other group winding electric insulation.When motor drove, energy was delivered to every group of winding by corresponding switch matrix 105a – 105n from voltage bus 115 respectively.When generating, energy is supplied to voltage bus 115 from every group of winding by corresponding switch matrix 105a – 105n respectively.Switch matrix 105a-105n is the example of adjustment module.Can use additional or dissimilar adjustment module.
In various realizations, the voltage on bus 115 can be one pole basically.Voltage bus 115 comprises the positive electricity rail (for example node) of the plus end that is connected to each port one 25a – 125n, also comprises the negative electricity rail (for example node) that is connected to the negative terminal on each port one 25a – 125n.Voltage bus 115 receives direct voltage from switch matrix 105a-105n.In some implementations, switch matrix 105a-105n can be anti-phase with the unipolar voltage on voltage bus 115.For example, each in switch matrix 105a-105n can make voltage inversion with M phase inverter.
In some implementations, switch matrix 105a-105n uses through anti-phase voltage AC wave shape is provided, with each corresponding M phase winding in drive motors 110.Switch matrix 105a-105n can be for example coordinated so that for example controlled electric current, voltage, torque, speed and/or position to be provided.In some instances, the switch in switch matrix can be worked near offering the electronics fundamental frequency of motor, perhaps works being significantly higher than under the frequency of this fundamental frequency.The technology that is used for the switch of control switch matrix can include but not limited to, vector control, a combination towards control, phase control, peak current control, Average Current Control and/or pulse-width modulation or these or other technology.
In some systems, switching frequency can be based on following factor, the driving topology of for example exporting the type of harmonics level required in fundamental frequency, line current, load impedance, semiconductor device and using.Generally speaking, switching loss can be for example directly relevant to switching frequency.Maximum-junction temperature or area of safety operaton can be specified on the tables of data of manufacturer usually.
Provide high power (for example 1 megawatt or higher) to propose various practicality challenges to the design of AC motor and related drive electronics in high-speed applications (for example 8000rpm or higher).When these systems of design, a kind of challenge relates to the loss related with the stator harmonic current.For example, the stator harmonic current can cause extra copper and the iron loss in stator core.In some instances, the stator harmonic current also can inject the air-gap field that is coupled into rotor with harmonic component, thereby increases the loss in rotor.System 100 by utilize with every group of winding in winding group number (N) and the related phase in-migration alleviation harmonic current of number of phases (M).In one example, system 100 makes the harmonic component in harmonic current be decreased to (6N+/-1) component (for example for N=4, the first harmonic component in harmonic current can be the 23rd and the 25th component).
Therefore, the mains ripple frequency on voltage bus 115 can be (6Nf
max), f wherein
maxIt is the maximum output frequency of motor.Usually, for high-speed electric expreess locomotive, f
maxIn kilohertz range.In some instances, do not use HF switch insulated gate diode transistor (IGBT), or using in the situation of the filtering that significantly reduces, improving the quality of voltage bus 115.
Driving and motor can be counted as a system.Design standard can comprise usually is in the same place motor with driving to mate.In some cases, drive cost and may surpass real electrical machinery, and so to optimize whole system based on AC drive apparatus or power electronic equipment may be the highest method of cost efficiency.
In certain embodiments, switch matrix 105a-105n can connect with the form of series connection and/or in parallel combination with voltage bus 115 interfaces.As shown in Figure 1B, system 150 comprises the switch matrix 105a-105n that connects as the right tandem compound of paralleling switch matrix.For example, switch matrix 105a and switch matrix 105b are connected in series, and switch matrix 105n-1 and switch matrix 105n are connected in series.In this example, the switch matrix 105a-105n that is connected in series of each group connect in parallel with voltage bus 115 interfaces.
Fig. 2 illustrates the example stator of motor 110-winding configuration 300.In some instances, winding configuration 300 can be used in 48 grooves/4 magnetic pole stators.Shown in the configuration diagram, configuration 300 comprises as by 48 represented slits of vertical line.Some slits that are associated with its respective grooves number are represented as the numeral that is positioned on vertical line.
In certain embodiments, stator arrangement 300 can make N groove separate separately.In an example, stator comprises a string toothing that N groove separated.For example, can be with N these N slit (A1, A2, A3 that is inserted into mutually stator arrangement 300 ... AN) in.300 of stator arrangement can comprise three phase windings of N group.In some instances, every group of winding can comprise the single-turn circular coil that sets up with diameter pitch on stator.In other example, every group of winding can be included in the multiturn coil that sets up with diameter pitch on stator.
In certain embodiments, the slotted opening size can be substantially equal.For example, the facewidth can be substantially equal.In other embodiments, for example when winding formed with the stator core material substantially, stator arrangement 300 can comprise anodontia stator design (for example Circular Winding).
In described example, configuration 300 comprises 4 slits of every utmost point.In an example, stator arrangement 300 can comprise the slit of every utmost point equal number.For example, each utmost point of stator can comprise 12 slits.Configuration 300 separates 12 slits of every utmost point.For example, three-phase (M=3) can insert in 12 slits of stator.As a result, stator can be configured to have 4 group of three phase winding (for example, N=4).In certain embodiments, winding can be scattered in each slit and only comprises a phase.In the example shown, winding 1(A1) phase A occupies slit 1,13,25,37, and winding 2(A2) phase A occupy groove 2,14,26,38.
Although some examples are described to have slit, phase, circle, magnetic pole of given number etc., owing to can envisioning other configurations, these examples only provide without limitation as example.
In some instances, the harmonic wave in configuration 300 air gaps that can significantly alleviate between stator core and stator and rotor.For example, from the angle of iron loss and torque pulsation, configuration 300 can reduce the 5th in phase current and the 7th harmonic component significantly on the impact of generator.In the example shown, the harmonic component do not eliminated of first in air-gap flux can be in (6N ± 1).In certain embodiments, the harmonic flux component do not eliminated of first in motor can be in 2*M* (N ± 1).
In some of for example seabed and so on used, the distance between motor and drive electronics was far, and needed restriction cable number and penetration device (penetrator) size to reduce costs and to increase reliability.As a result, N is often 2, if perhaps require redundancy N=3.Less than 4 the time, magnetic flux harmonic content increases as N, and this has adverse influence to the rotor temperature.
It is many level adjustment of using the voltage waveform of every group of N winding feed in the 3S motor that magnetic flux harmonic is remained on low-level a kind of effective ways.Multi-ladder (step) joins in each voltage waveform of every group of N winding feed by inciting somebody to action more, and the air-gap flux of motor can be followed more closely reference waveform and naturally be caused lower harmonic component.When need to be greater than 480Vrms (in some cases greater than 750Vrms) to the feed voltage of every group of N winding, many level adjustment also need.May need higher voltage to improve motor performance.
In some applications, need to make the cable count between motor and drive electronics remain on minimum value.For example when N=4, cable count is (3 phase * 4 windings) 12.The cable of large quantity is expensive especially and do not conform to need during greater than 100 feet when the distance between motor and drive electronics.
When using the 3S technology, the minimum quantity of N group winding is 2, and in this case, the number of cable is reduced to (3 phase place * 2 windings=) 6.Use two level switch matrixes will cause higher harmonics when N=2.For the magnetic flux harmonic level is remained on low like that under the situation of N=4, can use many level adjustment of voltage waveform or current waveform.
Fig. 3 illustrates to the voltage waveform of the tri-level switch matrix of the motor winding feed of N=4 group.This illustrates the air-gap flux summation for the example 3S motor that uses N=4 motor winding.Each motor winding can come feed by three level neutral point clamper half-bridge switch matrixes as shown in top four figure in Fig. 3.Shown in five figure in each figure in, trunnion axis represents the phase place in each work period, from 0 ° to 360 ° (or 0 to 2 π radian).Above vertical axis in four figure represent the voltage V of the unit ladder of winding #1310, #2320, #3330 and #4340
L-NBelow the vertical axis of a figure represent the summation of the air-gap flux of winding #1310, #2320, #3330 and #4340.Below in figure, for avoiding repeating only to illustrate the part that summation represents.
In this exemplary embodiment, air-gap flux and voltage (are V
L-N) proportional.Therefore, above, the stepped-up voltage shown in four figure also can represent the air-gap flux that produced by each winding.Winding #1310, #2320, #3330 and #4340 have mutually different, differ each other 15 °.The duration of each stepped-up voltage is 120 °, and what follow afterwards is 60 ° of earthed voltages.Each positive and negative stepped-up voltage occurs successively.This produces three level (1,0,1) rectangle step function, as shown in top four figure.These illustrate the general pattern of air-gap flux, and do not demonstrate concrete quantized value.
The effect of these four windings is superimposed on a time-out when all, because air-gap flux can be sued for peace linearly, therefore like the step function 350 of SIN function can be created as shown in that figure below Fig. 3 like that.In this realization, N=4 makes the peak value magnetic flux be four times in the magnetic flux that is produced by each winding.In certain embodiments, N can be different number, and therefore the summation of air-gap flux shows different patterns.
The staircase waveform 350 that produces from three level windings can have low distortion and reduce dv/dt stress, improves thus Electro Magnetic Compatibility.Use many level translators can reduce common-mode voltage, reduce thus the stress in motor bearing.Input current for this multilevel system also is minimized.
In certain embodiments, this three level waveform that produces in winding #1310, #2320, #3330 and #4340 can produce via various switch technologies.For example, can use the Cascade H electric bridge transducer with independent dc source.Also can use and the similar diode clamp of the disclosure (neutral point clamper) structure.Also can use capacitor clamper (flying capacitor) converter structure.
In certain embodiments, the three level waveforms of winding #1310, #2320, #3330 and #4340 can come the required waveform of generation system with more modulation and control technology.For example, can use sinusoidal pulse width modulation, selective harmonic to eliminate modulation and/or space vector modulation.
Fig. 4 illustrates to the voltage waveform of the five-level switch magnetic matrix of the motor winding feed of N=2 group.This illustrates the air-gap flux summation for the exemplary 3S motor that uses N=2 motor winding.Each motor winding can come feed by five level neutral point clamper half-bridge switch matrixes as shown in top two figure in Fig. 4.Shown in three figure in each figure in, trunnion axis represents the phase place in each work period, from 0 ° to 360 ° (or 0 to 2 π radian).Above vertical axis in two figure represent winding #1,410 and #2, the voltage V of 420 unit ladder
L-NBelow the vertical axis of a figure represent the summation of the air-gap flux of winding # 1 and #2.Below in figure, for avoiding repeating only to illustrate the part that summation represents.
In this exemplary embodiment, air-gap flux and voltage (are V
L-N) proportional.Therefore, above, the voltage waveform shown in two figure also can represent the air-gap flux that produced by each winding.It is mutually different that winding #1410 and #2420 have, and differs each other 15 °.The duration of each stepped-up voltage is 150 °, and what follow afterwards is 30 ° of earthed voltages.Each positive and negative stepped-up voltage occurs successively.Stepped-up voltage comprises the ladder of a unit and the ladder of two units, and wherein the ladder of two units is than the late 30 ° of appearance of ladder and Zao 30 ° of end of a unit.This produces five level (2 ,-1,0,1,2) rectangle step function, as shown in top two figure.These illustrate the general pattern of air-gap flux, and do not demonstrate concrete quantized value.
The effect of these two windings is superimposed on a time-out when all, because air-gap flux can be sued for peace linearly, therefore like the step function 430 of SIN function can be created as shown in that figure below Fig. 4 like that.This figure is similar to the figure in Fig. 3, and this shows when N equals different number can obtain identical flux curve.In this realization, N=2.In certain embodiments, N can be different number, and therefore the summation of air-gap flux shows different patterns.
In certain embodiments, this five level waveform that produces in winding #1410, #2420 can produce via various switch technologies.For example, can use the Cascade H electric bridge transducer with independent dc source.Also can use and the similar diode clamp of the disclosure (neutral point clamper) structure.Also can use the converter structure of capacitor clamper (flying capacitor).
In certain embodiments, the five level waveforms of winding #1410 and #2420 can come the required waveform of generation system with more modulation and control technology.For example, can use sinusoidal pulse width modulation, selective harmonic to eliminate modulation and/or space vector modulation.
Fig. 5 illustrates to the topo graph and related voltage waveform of the five-level switch magnetic matrix of N=4 group motor winding feed.This illustrates the application of the exemplary 3S motor that uses the N=4 inverter module.Inverter module 515,525,535 and 545 is five level, with the structural similarity of Fig. 4.In this realization, each in N the motor winding 516,526,536 and 546 of 3S inverter module is presented modulated power (for example illustrated voltage waveform and/or current waveform in certain embodiments).For N=4, this illustrates respectively four 3S module #1515, #2525, #3535 and #4545 to four 3S motor windings 516,526,536 and 546 feeds, these four 3S motor windings 516,526,536 and 546 with 15 ° of spacings from-22.5 ° of spatial displacement to 22.5 °.Inverter module 515,525,535 and 545 is example adjustment modules, and they can be used to process the energy between voltage bus and motor winding.Adjustment module can comprise Voltage Regulator Module, current regulating module or be configured to regulate the module of the extra or different attribute of the signal of telecommunication.
In some instances, the 3S module is used to drive the 3S motor to obtain some interests.For example, use the multi-electrical level inverter of the 3S motor with spatial displacement to allow reduce the number of N group winding and make the 3S machine operation in the situation that than not having under the level adjustment of muching higher voltage and frequency.Make the 3S machine operation can improve performance and manufacturing in some cases under high voltage.The 3S technology of spatial displacement make harmonic wave be reduced to (N*M*2)+-1, wherein M is the number of phase place.For N=2 and M=3, can eliminate in some cases all harmonic waves lower than 11 times.
The 3S module can be with many level waveform to power to each N motor winding in order to realize aforesaid (N*M*2)+-1 elimination take some harmonic wave as target.In addition, many level waveform (for example voltage, electric current and/or both) with the 3S Technology Integration magnetic flux harmonic elimination and stator coil and core loss reduce this two advantages.
The top one row 510 in this four row illustrates 3S module #1515, and this 3S module #1515 is five level NPC/H electric bridge inverters, and it presents three phases (being illustrated as A1) of the winding of 3S motor winding 516 (22.5) degree spatial displacement.This 3S module #1515 can comprise power supply+V
Dc-1He – V
Dc-1, neutral ground connects, two groups of diode D1, D2 and two groups of switching transistor Q1-Q4.3S module #1515 produces five level phase places of phase-to-neutral voltage waveform and the output (being illustrated as phase A1) of spending three phases of 3S motor winding 516 under spatial displacement in (22.5) at timeorigin.
The state of switch Q1-Q4 is controlled by peripheral control unit, the phase place of this peripheral control unit controllable switch, amplitude, duration and/or other parameter.An example of voltage level and on off state is illustrated in following table 1.
Table 1 voltage level and on off state
The 3rd row 530 illustrates 3S module #3535, and this 3S module #3535 is another five level NPC/H electric bridge inverter, and it presents three phases (being illustrated as A3) of the winding of 3S motor winding 5367.5 degree spatial displacement.This 3S module #3535 can comprise power supply+V
Dc-1He – V
Dc-1, neutral ground connects, two groups of diode D1, D2 and two groups of switching transistor Q1-Q4.3S module #3535 produces phase place and the outputs (being illustrated as phase A3) of three phases of 3S motor winding 536 under 7.5 degree spatial displacement of five level phase shifts of phase-to-neutral voltage waveform.To the machine-processed similar handover mechanism of 3S module #1515 as shown in table 1 under, the state of switch Q1-Q4 is controlled by peripheral control unit.
The 4th row 540 illustrates 3S module #4545, and this 3S module #4545 is another five level NPC/H electric bridge inverter, and it presents three phases (being illustrated as A4) of the winding of 3S motor winding 54622.5 degree spatial displacement.This 3S module #4545 can comprise power supply+V
Dc-1He – V
Dc-1, neutral ground connects, two groups of diode D1, D2 and two groups of switching transistor Q1-Q4.3S module #4545 produces phase place and the outputs (being illustrated as phase A4) of three phases of 3S motor winding 546 under 22.5 degree spatial displacement of five level phase shifts of phase-to-neutral voltage waveform.To the machine-processed similar handover mechanism of 3S module #1515 as shown in table 1 under, the state of switch Q1-Q4 is controlled by peripheral control unit.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that illustrates to the public translation device of two motor A, B feed.Example system 600 comprises public translation device 610 and subsystem 620, and this subsystem 620 comprises 3S inverter module system and 3S motor system.Public translation device 610 provides the prime power source to subsystem 620.This transducer 610 can be electromagnetic transformers, switch mode power, DC-DC transducer and/or other electromagnetic power source.Transducer 610 also can comprise dissimilar rectifier.
Transducer 610 can comprise voltage source, and this voltage source electromagnetic ground is coupled in the direct current power source of subsystem 620.This direct current power source general+V
dcHe – V
dcVoltage offers the 3S module in subsystem 620.
Subsystem 620 can comprise two motor A and B, their switch module # 1 to #4 and corresponding motor winding A, B and C A1, A2, A3 and the A4 of corresponding # 1, #2, #3 and #4 handover module (for example for).In this realization, motor A, B can be operated in different loading conditions, for example rotating speed and moment of torsion.Motor A, B use the 3S technology, and described 3S technology has reduced harmonic wave significantly by the spatial displacement of conductor coils.
The switch module #1-#4 of motor A can be similar to 3S module #1-#4, and these modules are many level NPC/H electric bridge inverters as shown in Figure 5.In certain embodiments, the switch module #1-#4 of many level waveform of motor A can produce via various switch technologies.For example, can use the Cascade H electric bridge transducer with independent dc source.Also can use and the similar diode clamp of the disclosure (neutral point clamper) structure.Also can use capacitor clamper (flying capacitor) converter structure.
In some implementations, the switch module #1-#4 of many level waveform of motor A can come the required waveform of generation system with various modulation and control technology.For example, can use sinusoidal pulse width modulation, selective harmonic to eliminate modulation and/or space vector modulation.
Similarly, the switch module #1-#4 of motor B can be similar to 3S module #1-#4, and these modules are many level NPC/H electric bridge inverters as shown in Figure 5.In some implementations, the switch module #1-#4 of many level waveform of motor B can produce via various switch technologies.For example, can use the Cascade H electric bridge transducer with independent dc source.Also can use and the similar diode clamp of the disclosure (neutral point clamper) structure.Also can use capacitor clamper (flying capacitor) converter structure.
In some implementations, the switch module #1-#4 of many level waveform of motor B can come the required waveform of generation system with various modulation and control technology.For example, can use sinusoidal pulse width modulation, selective harmonic to eliminate modulation and/or space vector modulation.
The 3S module is with the motor winding of many level waveform power delivery to each phase.In Fig. 6, the transmission of phase A is shown.This phase difference can be similar to the phase difference of Fig. 5, with 15 ° of intervals from-22.5 ° to 22.5 °.For motor A, B both, the motor winding can comprise the winding of four spatial displacement.Each in four windings is connected in many level of 3S module.This connection diagram allow a public translation device to two independent motor power supplyings and each motor have alone switch module and corresponding winding with the module coupling that is used for reducing harmonic wave.In certain embodiments, public translation device 610 can be connected in three or more motors, and these motors comprise the winding of many level switches module and spatial displacement.
In some cases, motor can comprise and is operated in the motor drive pattern so that the power stage of moment of torsion to be provided to load.This motor can further comprise stator and have the rotor of several windings.Stator can comprise the sum=M*N that divides phase winding and phase through spatial displacement, and wherein N is number independent, the neutral M phase winding that insulate.In some implementations, can select N based on number and the required harmonic wave amount of cancellation of the slit number in stator, rotor magnetic pole.The electric phase difference that π/(M*N) can be arranged between the M phase winding that adjoins.Similar stator structure and winding layout can be considered and be applied to motor and drive and power generation applications.
Fig. 7 illustrates example electric system 700, and this electric system 700 comprises and is coupled to the motor 702 of following equipment 704.Exemplary motor 702 can be used as from mechanical movement the generator that produces electrical power and works, and as producing the motor of mechanical movement and work from electric power, or replaces between the two producing electrical power and Mechanical Driven.When producing electrical power, prime mover offers motor 702 with mechanical movement, and motor 702 converts mechanical movement to electrical power.In some cases, following equipment 704 can be prime mover.When motor drove, the mechanical movement of exporting from motor 702 can drive another equipment.In some cases, motor 702 can drive the equipment 704 of following.In some cases, motor 702 can be used as motor operations and drive prime mover under rated condition, and switches with the generation electrical power and by prime mover driven during rated condition.Motor 702 can be configured to mainly produce electrical power, is mainly used in that motor drives or to drive both be all quite efficient in the situation that produce electrical power and motor.
Put it briefly, motor 702 comprises fixed part and moveable element, described motor 702 moves through the interaction generation electrical power in magnetic field with respect to fixed part along with moveable element, and/or when electrical power is put on fixed part, moveable element is moved.Rotor 706 is coupled to follows equipment 704 to follow equipment 704 with driving and/or by following equipment 704 to drive.Although Fig. 7 illustrates the motor of the horizontal alignment of following equipment 704 that is coupled to horizontal alignment, yet other realization can provide a vertical orientated motor, and this vertical orientated motor especially is coupled to vertical orientated following equipment and can drive it except other orientation.Additionally, in other cases, motor 702 can be the motor of another type.For example, motor 702 can be linear electric machine, and wherein moveable element is a linear back and forth axle.Exemplary motor 702 shown in Figure 7 can be used as interchange (AC), synchronous, permanent magnetism (PM) machine operation, this motor has rotor 706 and stator 708, and its rotor 706 comprises permanent magnet and stator 708 comprises a plurality of shaping windings or the cable winding around iron core.In other cases, motor can be the motor of other types, for example AC, asynchronous, induction machine, and its rotor and stator include winding, or the motor of another type.In some cases, motor 702 carries and is comprised in casing 710 by casing 710.Casing 710 can separate with following equipment 704 fully, follows equipment 704 with following equipment 704 to separate and be coupled in, or partly or wholly shares (be motor 702 and follow equipment 704 to be carried and included within it by same casing) with following equipment 704.
Are prime mover in the situation that follow equipment 704, follow equipment can comprise several different possible equipment.For example, prime mover can comprise in order to the fluid motor that fluid (gas/liquid) circulation changed into mechanical energy, use so that the power conversion of air/fuel mixture burning and spontaneous combustion in future becomes one or more in gas-turbine system, internal combustion engine and/or other type prime mover of mechanical energy.In the situation that follow equipment 704 to be driven by motor 702, follow equipment can comprise the possible equipment that several are different.For example, follow equipment 704 can comprise one or more in rotary pump and/or reciprocating pump, rotary compressor and/or reciprocating compressor, mixing apparatus or miscellaneous equipment.Some examples of pump comprise the pump of centrifugal pump, axial-flow pump, rotary vane pump, gear pump, helicoidal pump, lobe pump, screw pump, reciprocal positive displacement or plunger displacement pump, membrane pump and/or other type.Some examples of compressor comprise the compressor of centrifugal compressor, Axial Flow Compressor, rotary-vane compressor, screw compressor, reciprocal positive-displacement compressor and/or other type.Motor 702 can be coupled to simultaneously two or more and follow equipment 704.
Follow equipment 704 although illustrate one, motor 702 also can be coupled to two or more and follow equipment 704 (driving with driving arrangement 704 and/or by equipment 704).In some cases, one or more equipment 704 of following can be set at every end of motor 702.For example, in having two configurations of following equipment 704, follow equipment can be arranged on an end of motor 702 and another follows equipment can be arranged on a relative end of motor for one.And for example, have two and follow the configuration of equipment 704 can make an end of following equipment to be arranged on motor 702, and make another follow device coupled to the first to follow equipment.In addition, if a plurality of equipment 704 of following are provided, these to follow equipment not need be the equipment of following of same type entirely.
Some embodiment can bring one or more advantages.For example, when the AC of Application standard converter topologies and cooling means, some systems may have the motor that weight and volume reduces because of higher fundamental frequency.In certain embodiments, the fan-out capability of the AC driven unit such as semiconductor device can increase by keeping low harmonics distortion with low switching frequency but still in line current.Can based on the stator dimensions that the requirement of processing switch harmonic loss reduction is obtained through optimizing, can be associated with the PWM invertor operation of upper frequency or only use a three-phase diode bridge the requirement of processing switch harmonic loss reduction.Harmonic wave coupling/heating in rotor can significantly reduce.Modularized design on power converter can provide significant fault-tolerance in certain embodiments, and it can obtain the availability through improved redundancy and Geng Gao.Stress on stator winding insulation can be reduced, and/or the insulation voltage level of winding can by from a plurality of circles of each coil with is connected a plurality of coils of magnetic pole and makes different connections and reduce.Some embodiment can realize high system effectiveness and lower total cost usually.Some embodiment may not need the PWM control technology, and/or gearless high speed AC converter system can be provided.
A plurality of embodiment of the present invention has been described.Yet, should be understood that, can make multiple modification in the situation that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, other embodiment also within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. electric system comprises:
Stator, a plurality of winding positions are substantially equably across the surface distributed of described stator; And
A plurality of conductors, described a plurality of conductor is arranged between a plurality of winding positions with forming almost symmetry and connects to form a plurality of coils of number (N) group many (M) phase winding, wherein for each in described winding, each described coil is crossed over single magnetic pole with formation diameter pitch winding, and each group in wherein said N group winding relative to each other is offset in order to significantly reduce the harmonic content of the magnetic flux of duration of work in the first frequency scope significantly; And
Process level, the described level of processing comprises N the essentially independent adjustment module corresponding with each group in N group winding, each in a described N adjustment module has for each M the output port that is connected to described corresponding N group winding, and have the first and second input ports, described first and second input ports of each in a wherein said N adjustment module can be connected to first node and the Section Point of voltage bus, each described module has the switch matrix of M quantity, and each described switch matrix has at least three output levels.
2. electric system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, each in described adjustment module has five-level switch magnetic matrix at least.
3. electric system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the described matrix of five-level switch magnetic at least is configured to export the voltage of at least five amplitude leyels.
4. electric system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises being configured to the p-m rotor that rotates in described stator.
5. electric system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, thereby also comprise and be coupled to described rotor with subsea pump or the compressor of the rotational speed identical with described rotor.
6. electric system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, thereby but also comprise and be coupled to described rotor with the submerged pump of the rotational speed identical with described rotor and stator, a plurality of conductor, but described rotor and described submerged pump are configured in well.
7. electric system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described matrix of tri-level switch at least is configured to export the voltage of at least three amplitude leyels.
8. electric system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, voltage under first switch matrix output the first phase place of the M of the first a module switch matrix, and the voltage under the second switch Output matrix of the M of described the first a module switch matrix the second phase place different from the first phase place.
9. electric system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described the first switch matrix is first to described a plurality of conductors with the Voltage-output under described the first phase place, and described the second matrix will the described Voltage-output under described the second phase place second in described a plurality of conductors extremely.
10. electric system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, M equals 3.
11. electric system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that N equals 4.
12. electric system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described winding is carried at duration of work and has π between winding position/(M*N) electric current of electric phase difference adjoining.
13. a method that is used for providing energy converting between mechanical, described method comprises:
Motor is provided, and described motor comprises:
Stator, a plurality of winding positions are substantially equably across the surface distributed of described stator; And
A plurality of conductors, described a plurality of conductor is arranged between a plurality of winding positions with forming almost symmetry and connects to form a plurality of coils of number (N) group many (M) phase winding, wherein for each in described winding, each described coil is crossed over single magnetic pole with formation diameter pitch winding, and each group in wherein said N group winding relative to each other is offset to reduce significantly the harmonic content of the magnetic flux of duration of work in the first frequency scope significantly; And
use the energy between the described motor of processing stage processes and voltage bus, the described level of processing comprises N the essentially independent adjustment module corresponding with each group in N group winding, each in a described N adjustment module has for each M the output port that is connected to described corresponding N group winding, and have the first and second input ports, described first and second input ports of each in a wherein said N adjustment module can be connected to first node and the Section Point of voltage bus, each described module has the switch matrix of M quantity, each described switch matrix has at least three output levels.
14. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described winding is carried at duration of work and has π between winding position/(M*N) electric current of electric phase difference adjoining.
15. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, processes energy between described motor and described voltage bus and comprises electrical power is provided to described N group winding from a described N adjustment module.
16. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that M equals 3.
17. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that N equals 4.
18. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the energy of processing between described motor and described voltage bus comprises:
Voltage under first switch matrix output the first phase place of the M of the first a module switch matrix; And
Voltage under the second switch Output matrix of the M of the first a module switch matrix the second phase place different from described the first phase place.
19. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the energy of processing between described motor and described voltage bus comprises:
Described the first switch matrix is first to described a plurality of conductors with the Voltage-output under described the first phase place; And
Described the second matrix is second to a plurality of conductors with the Voltage-output under described the second phase place.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36829510P | 2010-07-28 | 2010-07-28 | |
| US61/368,295 | 2010-07-28 | ||
| PCT/US2011/045753 WO2012016062A2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-28 | Multi-leveled phase shifted electric machine system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103125069A true CN103125069A (en) | 2013-05-29 |
Family
ID=44630106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011800464922A Pending CN103125069A (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-28 | Multi-leveled voltage drive for electric machine phase shifted winding sets |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2599214A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103125069A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012016062A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108649859A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-12 | 上海交通大学 | Mining traction anti-explosion permanent magnet Synchromous machine drive system and its rotor position detecting method |
| CN113572292A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-29 | 华北电力大学扬中智能电气研究中心 | Design method of low-harmonic winding of alternating current motor stator |
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| FR2999357B1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2021-04-30 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd | ELECTRICAL DRIVE CHAIN OF A DEVICE, AND GAS COMPRESSION EQUIPMENT INCLUDING SUCH A CHAIN |
| FR3014254B1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-12-22 | Valeo Japan Co Ltd | ELECTRICAL COMPRESSOR COMPRISING AN ELECTRIC MACHINE COMPRISING A ROTOR AND A STATOR WITH A PLURALITY OF SLOTS |
| DE102014203563A1 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-08-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric drive system |
| DE102014203553A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-08-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric drive system |
| KR101730018B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2017-04-25 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | Multi-level Inverter Apparatus |
| US9680344B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2017-06-13 | General Electric Company | Multiphase electrical machine and method of use |
| US10486537B2 (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2019-11-26 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Power generating systems having synchronous generator multiplex windings and multilevel inverters |
| US11043880B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2021-06-22 | Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation | Electric power generating system with a synchronous generator |
| US10498274B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2019-12-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | High voltage direct current system for a vehicle |
| RU2662151C1 (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2018-07-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И.Носова" | Device for direct control of the moment of a synchronous engine |
| FR3090244B1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-11-13 | Schneider Toshiba Inverter Europe Sas | Management of the number of active power cells of a variable speed drive |
| US11724098B2 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2023-08-15 | Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corporation | Stepper motor drive systems and tubing occluder system |
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- 2011-07-28 CN CN2011800464922A patent/CN103125069A/en active Pending
- 2011-07-28 EP EP11743406.8A patent/EP2599214A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-28 WO PCT/US2011/045753 patent/WO2012016062A2/en active Application Filing
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| EP1494344A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-05 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Multilevel power converting apparatus |
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| CN113572292A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-29 | 华北电力大学扬中智能电气研究中心 | Design method of low-harmonic winding of alternating current motor stator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012016062A3 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| WO2012016062A2 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| EP2599214A2 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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Application publication date: 20130529 |