CN103124189A - 使用增强接插线的异线（alien）串音抑制 - Google Patents

使用增强接插线的异线（alien）串音抑制 Download PDF

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CN103124189A
CN103124189A CN2012105863450A CN201210586345A CN103124189A CN 103124189 A CN103124189 A CN 103124189A CN 2012105863450 A CN2012105863450 A CN 2012105863450A CN 201210586345 A CN201210586345 A CN 201210586345A CN 103124189 A CN103124189 A CN 103124189A
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cable
patch cord
communication
decay
talk
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R·A·诺丁
D·R·霍金斯
M·V·多尔西
J·D·蒂森
A·J·斯特罗德
M·鲍娄瑞-撒兰萨
S·R·哈特曼
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Panduit Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/04—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with pairs or quads mutually positioned to reduce cross-talk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/32—Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种使用增强接插线的异线（alien）串音抑制，用于减少串音的***和方法使用增强接插线，用于引入额外的衰减。增强接插线最好是被屏蔽以减少沿着其长度方向的串音，并且使通过其的信号衰减的幅度要大于标准通信接插线。两种增强接插线的相互作用导致对于串音的两个抑制步骤，以及仅有一个对于通过通信电缆的期望信号的抑制步骤。

Description

使用增强接插线的异线(alien)串音抑制
本申请是国际申请日为2004年7月9日，发明名称为“使用增强接插线的异线（alien）串音抑制”的第200480019498.0号中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
背景技术
抑制通信***中的串音对于增加***的可靠性和通信质量是日趋重要的实践。随着通信***的频带增加，减少或消除信号串音的重要性也在增加。
在有线通信***中，由通信电缆内部或多个电缆之间的电磁干扰会导致串音。由于电缆之间相互作用而导致的串音就是异线（alien）串音。
虽然由单个信号电缆内运送的信号与同一电缆中的另一信号相干扰所导致的串音可使用电子串音减少方法来处理，但异线串音还有附加的问题，因为干扰或扰乱信号的性质是未知的。在诸如Cat6或Cat5e电缆的安装基础之上的10Gbps以太通信的实施中，异线串音被证明是有问题的。在这些电缆中，异线串音可显著地损害通信性能。特别设计的电缆敷设可用作降低异线串音，但是用新设计的电缆敷设来代替已存在的电缆敷设耗资巨大。
因此，需要可用在已安装电缆上的异线串音抑制方法和***。
技术领域
本发明主要涉及通信***，特别是用于抑制通信中异线串音的***和方法。
发明内容
根据本发明一实施例，具有增强衰减的改良接插线提高了已安装电缆敷设***的性能。
根据本发明的另一实施例，可通过使用连接到通信电缆的衰减接插电缆的方法来减小在通信电缆之间的异线串音。
根据本发明另一实施例，电缆敷设***使用改良接插线以减少通信电缆之间的异线串音。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明一实施例的通信***的平面图；
图2是具有用于提供异线串音抑制的改良接插线的电缆敷设安装的示意图；
图3是示出使用根据本发明的增强接插线在通信***中增加的信号对噪声比值的图表；
图4是示出根据本发明实施例的导体和有损导体绝缘体的横截面图；
图5是具有有损导电涂层的多芯电线的横截面图；
图6是图5细节“A”的详细图；
图7a和7b是示出两个电缆对的比较横截面图，同时图7b的电缆对具有在串音对之间的增加的距离；
图8是具有***屏蔽（surrounding shield）的电缆的横截面图；
图9是具有修改的***屏蔽的电缆的横截面图；
图10是具有围绕每个电线对的屏蔽的电缆的横截面图；
图11是具有导电方栓的横截面图；
图12是图示出改变沿着电缆长度方向的电缆绞距的图表。
贯穿整个附图，类似的标号指代类似的部件。
具体实施方式
现在转向图1，示出了通信***10。在通信***10中，诸如10Gb/s以太切换（switch）12的网络设备分别通过第一和第二通信电缆18和20，被连接到诸如个人计算机（PC）14和16的多个设备。可以理解，虽然图1示出了从单个网络设备中伸展到两个设备的通信电缆18和20，但是根据本发明的***和方法可实现抑制通信电缆之间的异线串音，而不论该电缆被连接到的设备的类型。
通常，由于通信电缆18和20之间的相互作用所导致的异线串音将会沿着电缆18和20的整个长度耦合。电缆18和20将通过它们传送的信号抑制到一定程度，从而在离以太交换机12较近的电缆之间所发生的串音将会在PC14和16中有所减弱。
通过使用第一和第二增强接插线22和24，图1的***中的串音抑制可被增强。增强接插线22和24被设计为，例如通过提供附加的屏蔽，来抑制沿着它们长度的串音。增强接插线22和24减弱通过它们传送的通信信号和诸如串音的噪声。可以多种方式来实现接插线22和24中的衰减。例如，通过使用增强接插线22和24内的精制线径的电线，或者通过增加接插线22和24内包含的电线中每英寸扭绞（twist）数量，来增加衰减。
异线串音的强度取决于干扰或扰乱信号的强度。因此，由第一接插线22所实现的增加衰减将减少第一通信电缆18中的信号电平。结果，由于第一增强接插线22所致的衰减，从第一通信电缆耦合到第二通信电缆20的异线串音将会被减少。因为在第二通信电缆20中由第一通信电缆18所导致的异线串音将会沿着第二通信电缆20的两个方向传送，所以在第二增强接插线24中异线串音还要经历抑制。
例如，如果一信号在以太交换机12中具有1伏特峰到峰信号强度，且第一增强接插线22减弱到10%的初始强度，从以太交换机12送至PC14的信号将具有0.1伏特峰到峰信号强度。如果10％的该信号在异线串音时耦合到第二通信电缆，则在第二通信电缆中的异线串音将具有0.01伏特峰到峰信号强度。如果第二增强接插线24具有将信号减弱到10%初始强度的衰减属性，则在第二通信电缆20中异线串音将会被抑制到0.001伏特峰到峰。因此，异线串音已经经历增强接插线22和24的两次效应，并且从以太交换机12经过第二通信电缆20的信号仅仅经历了第二通信电缆24的效应。选择增强接插线26已经被示出用于连接到PC14和16，并且有类似的操作，以减少在通信连接的用户侧的异线串音。
根据本发明的增强接插线可集成到多个连接中，如图2所示，其中具有多个电缆的水平电缆株28由在通信路径的第一和第二末端的增强接插线30和32所增强。
使用根据本发明的增强接插线来增强信号对噪声的比值如图3所示。虚线示出穿过通信频率的由增强接插线所导致的减弱信号和噪声。因为由异线串音所导致的噪声比信号有较大程度的减弱，在使用根据本发明的增强接插线的***中，可用的带宽和信号对噪声的比值均增加了。
通过各种方法，衰减被导入接插线和其它通信电缆敷设中。在有损接插线的设计中要考虑到两种设计参数。一种参数是包含在电缆中的介入损耗（insertionloss）的量，第二种是电缆中的异线串音抑制或易感性的量。最好是在电缆设计中定好这两个参数。
通过在有损导电绝缘体36和38内设有导体34，可增加介电损耗，如图4所示。通过使用如下方法也可增加介电损耗：（a）电缆外壳介电有损材料；（b）电缆方栓介电有损材料；以及（c）电线对屏蔽（它将经过电线绝缘体的电磁场集中）。
使用较难导电电线（例如，用铝线代替铜线）同样可增加导电损耗。如上所述，通过减少导电线直径或增加每单位长度的扭绞数也可增加导电损耗。扭绞数量的增加就增加了索线的有效长度并因此增加了导电损耗。
通过将金属电线“镀层（tinning）”也可增加导电损耗。在电线***的较难导电的涂层也会增加导电损耗，因为电流密度集中在表面附近（集肤效应），并且在经过镀层材料后会有更大的损耗。使用多芯电线也会增加导电损耗，对于可比较的电线规格，损耗的增量粗略为20%。图5示出使用镀层和多芯电线的电缆40的横截面图。在图5的实施例中，多芯铜线导体42设在镀层外壳44中。图6是图5的细节“A”的详细图。外壳的厚度为ds。
使用具有粗糙表面的电线也会增加经过电线的导电损耗。
图7a和7b图示一种技术，通过增加串音对之间的物理距离来减少电缆的易感性。第一和第二电缆46和48以一种邻近的关系放置。当电缆外壳材料50在厚度上，例如增加到如图7b所示的外壳52，串音对之间的距离从图7a中所示的d1增加到图7b所示的d2。根据一实施例，电缆外壳材料50是泡沫材料。电缆隔离器也用作增加相邻电缆之间的隔离度。
金属性屏蔽也可用作减少异线信号进入到信号电缆对的易感性。图8是示出了一种通过结合导体屏蔽来减少电缆易感性的技术的横截面图。在图8中，导体对52设在总体导电屏蔽54内。导电屏蔽54设在外壳56内。如图9所示（结合了细节图），总体屏蔽54的层可设在外壳材料的第一和第二层58和60之间。
图10示出另一实施例，其中单个的屏蔽62围绕每个电线对。
另一实施例在图11中示出，它图示了用作减少易感性的导电方栓64或导体对隔离器。
在另一实施例中，可通过修改沿着其长度方向的绞距来减少串音。电缆的绞距指代沿着它长度方向的电缆绞距。在该实施例中，固定双绞线长度被设为沿着电缆的长度方向。四个或更多电缆绞距值被选择出，这些值在满足建议10Gb/s以太网近端串音（NEXT）要求的电缆长度上提供具有双绞线长度的四对电缆。任何四个或更多电缆绞距值被任意选择出，选择的过程如下所述：
1.选择电缆绞距（A,B,C,D…），每个绞距都满足10Gb/s以太网要求。
2.在电缆绞距处理期间，四个电缆绞距中任何一个被选出，而不再做出替代。
3.选出的电缆在统一或随机电缆长度上少于或等于十米。
4.三个或多个剩余电缆绞距中的任意电缆都可选择出并应用到如步骤3所描述的电缆结构。
5.重复该过程，直到所有的电缆绞距被指定。
在电缆绞距转变之间使用随机距离并使用四种不同电缆绞距的电缆长度图表在图12中示出。
虽然本发明的特定实施例和应用得到了图示和描述，但是可以理解，本发明不限于在此描述的精确结构和组成，并且各种修改、变化以及改变从前述描述中是显而易见的，而不脱离本发明在所附权利要求中定义的精神和范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于在通信网络中减少外部串音的***，包括：
通过第一增强接插线连接到第一网络设备的第一通信电缆，所述第一增强接插线是第一衰减接插线，它所具有的第一接插线衰减大于所述第一通信电缆的衰减；以及
通过第二增强接插线连接到第二网络设备的第二通信电缆，所述第二增强接插线是第二衰减接插线，它所具有的接插线衰减大于所述第二通信电缆的衰减，
其中，所述第一通信电缆与所述第二通信电缆之间耦合的串音经历所述第一增强接插线和所述第二增强接插线的两次抑制，且
所述第一或第二衰减接插线的至少一个的扭绞通信电线具有分别比所述第一或第二通信电缆的扭绞通信电线要多的每单位长度扭绞数，和/或
所述第一或第二衰减接插线的至少一个的线径分别比所述第一或第二通信电缆的要窄。
2.一种在权利要求1所述的***中，用于***网络设备和水平通信电缆间的通信路径中、并进一步用于减少从通信路径产生的外部串音的接插线，所述接插线的接插线衰减大于所述水平通信电缆的衰减，其中
所述接插线的扭绞通信电线具有比所述水平通信电缆的扭绞通信电线要多的每单位长度扭绞数，和/或
所述接插线的线径比所述水平通信电缆的要窄。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的***，其特征在于，所述通信电缆具有多个电缆绞距值。
4.如权利要求3所述的***，其特征在于，所述多个电缆绞距值包括四个电缆绞距值。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的***，其特征在于，选择多个电缆绞距值包括随机地选择电缆绞距值。
6.如权利要求3或4所述的***，其特征在于，所述多个电缆绞距值的每一个都满足10Gb/s以太网通信的近端串音（NEXT）要求。
CN2012105863450A 2003-07-11 2004-07-09 使用增强接插线的异线（alien）串音抑制 Pending CN103124189A (zh)

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