CN103078119B - Mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103078119B
CN103078119B CN201310024497.6A CN201310024497A CN103078119B CN 103078119 B CN103078119 B CN 103078119B CN 201310024497 A CN201310024497 A CN 201310024497A CN 103078119 B CN103078119 B CN 103078119B
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China
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mercury
sodium polyacrylate
weight
free
alkaline battery
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CN103078119A (en
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商景鹏
胡春益
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Zhongyin Ningbo Battery Co Ltd
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Zhongyin Ningbo Battery Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein 50 to 55 weight parts of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.3 to 1.5 weight parts of sodium polyacrylate are mixed and stirred to obtain a mixture; and then mixing the mixture, 23 to 35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2 to 2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring in a vacuum pumping manner to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material, wherein the sodium polyacrylate comprises two or more sodium polyacrylate particles with different granularities. Compared with the existing preparation method, the invention only adds sodium polyacrylate as the cathode binder, forms a better network collocation structure through the matching of sodium polyacrylates with different granularities, and enables the mercury-free zinc powder particles and the polyacrylic acids with different granularities to be mutually embedded together to form a state which is difficult to move, thereby solving the problems of layering and sedimentation of the cathode material without adding the polyacrylic acids, and leading the preparation method to be simple and to obtain more uniform cathode material easily.

Description

Mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and particularly relates to a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery has excellent performances of large capacity, heavy current discharge, long storage life and the like, and the price is relatively low, so that the alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery is still the battery with the widest use and the largest output. The alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery is a novel chemical power supply which takes Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) as an anode active substance, special metal zinc powder as a cathode active substance and potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte.
Because zinc is thermodynamically unstable in alkaline solution and can react with alkaline liquor to release hydrogen, the capacity of the battery is reduced in the processes of storage and use, and the released hydrogen can also cause the battery to deform, leak electrolyte and even explode, so that the traditional alkaline battery adopts a zinc powder amalgamation method to form an amalgamation film to uniformly and flatly cover the surface of zinc powder, change the surface condition of zinc particles and activate the zinc battery, thereby improving the electrical property of the battery, reducing the corrosion speed of zinc and reducing the leakage rate of the battery.
With the increasing environmental protection importance in China and abroad, the requirement on the addition of harmful elements in the battery industry, particularly in alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, is more and more strict. China issued a regulation on limiting the mercury content in battery products at 31/12/1997, which regulates the production of alkaline zinc-manganese batteries with mercury content exceeding 0.025% from 1/2001 and 0.0001% from 1/2005.
In order to replace the function of mercury in the cathode of the zinc-manganese battery, various research organizations and companies develop various additives, which are used as the components of the cathode material and commonly comprise indium oxide, indium hydroxide and the mixture of the indium oxide and the indium hydroxide, or various organic chemical substances. Meanwhile, the zinc powder is also improved, and rare earth elements and various trace metals such as indium, bismuth, lead, calcium and the like which can improve the hydrogen evolution potential of the zinc are added, so that the self-corrosion speed of the zinc powder in alkaline solution is reduced.
At present, the cathode materials adopted and used by various research institutions and production enterprises mainly comprise zinc powder, electrolyte, deionized water, indium oxide or indium hydroxide or a mixture of the zinc powder and the electrolyte, polyacrylic acid and sodium polyacrylate. For example, chinese patent with application number cn200710133489.X discloses a negative electrode material for a mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the negative electrode material comprises the following components: 14 to 18 parts by weight of zinc powder, 0.008 to 0.012 part by weight of indium oxide, 0.06 to 0.09 part by weight of polyacrylic acid, 0.06 to 0.09 part by weight of sodium polyacrylate, 6~7 part by weight of electrolyte and 1.2 to 1.5 parts by weight of deionized water. Firstly, mixing zinc powder, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and indium oxide, uniformly stirring, then adding electrolyte and deionized water, and stirring under vacuum to obtain the cathode material. However, since the polyacrylic acid is contained, the polyacrylic acid has strong viscosity, has higher viscosity in alkaline electrolyte, is easy to agglomerate and is not easy to disperse, long-time stirring is required in the preparation process, and the operation is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cathode material is uniform and the preparation method is simple.
The invention provides a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material, which comprises the following components:
the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles containing two or more than two different granularities.
Preferably, the mercury-free zinc powder contains rare earth elements.
Preferably, the granularity of the mercury-free zinc powder is 300 to 20 mu m.
Preferably, the electrolyte comprises:
30 to 42wt% of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide;
2 to 7wt% of zinc oxide;
the balance of deionized water.
Preferably, the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material does not contain polyacrylic acid.
Preferably, the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles comprising two different particle sizes.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium polyacrylate particles with larger particle size to the sodium polyacrylate particles with smaller particle size in the two sodium polyacrylate particles with different particle sizes is (1~3): 1.
the invention also provides a preparation method of the mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material, which comprises the following steps:
a) Mixing 50 to 55 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate, and stirring to obtain a mixture;
b) Mixing the mixture, 23 to 35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2 to 2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring in a vacuum pumping manner to obtain a mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material; the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles containing two or more than two different granularities.
Preferably, the stirring time in the step A is 3-10 min.
Preferably, the step B specifically comprises:
and mixing the mixture, 23-35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2-2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring for 5-15min, and then vacuumizing and stirring for 2-5min to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material.
The invention provides a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein 50 to 55 weight parts of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.3 to 1.5 weight parts of sodium polyacrylate are mixed and stirred to obtain a mixture; and then mixing the mixture, 23 to 35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2 to 2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring in a vacuum pumping manner to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material, wherein the sodium polyacrylate comprises two or more sodium polyacrylate particles with different granularities. Compared with the existing preparation method, the preparation method only adds sodium polyacrylate as a cathode binder, forms a better network collocation structure through the matching of sodium polyacrylates with different particle sizes, enables mercury-free zinc powder particles and polyacrylic acids with different particle sizes to be mutually embedded together to form a state which is difficult to move, solves the problems of layering and sedimentation of the cathode material without adding polyacrylic acid, avoids the defects of complicated operation and long preparation time of the preparation method caused by high viscosity of the polyacrylic acid, and ensures that the preparation method is simple, time-saving and easy to obtain a uniform cathode material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of the large current discharge performance of the LR 20-type battery assembled with the negative electrode material of the mercury-free alkaline battery obtained in example 1 of the present invention and the LR 20-type battery assembled with the negative electrode material containing a polyacrylic acid component.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material, which comprises the following components:
the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles containing two or more than two different granularities.
The mercury-free zinc powder is preferably 52 to 55 parts by weight. The mercury-free zinc powder is known to those skilled in the art, and is added with trace metals for improving the hydrogen evolution potential of the zinc powder, wherein the trace metals are elements such as indium, bismuth, calcium and aluminum which have inhibitory effect on the hydrogen evolution quantity of the zinc powder or are beneficial to production. In order to achieve better effect of reducing gas evolution quantity of the mercury-free zinc powder, the granularity of the mercury-free zinc powder is preferably 300 to 20 micrometers, and more preferably 200 to 50 micrometers.
According to the invention, the electrolyte is preferably 25 to 33 parts by weight. The electrolyte preferably contains 30-42wt% of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, 2-7 wt% of zinc oxide and the balance of deionized water. The concentration of the potassium hydroxide or the sodium hydroxide is preferably 35-40wt%, and the concentration of the zinc oxide is preferably 3-6wt%. In the alkaline battery, during use or self-discharge, the reaction of the negative electrode is that mercury-free zinc powder reacts with hydroxide ions to generate zinc hydroxide, and then the zinc hydroxide is decomposed into zinc oxide and water, so that the existence of the zinc oxide can inhibit the self-discharge reaction of the battery during storage according to the principle of chemical reaction balance.
The preferable weight portion of the sodium polyacrylate is 0.5 to 1.2. The sodium polyacrylate in the invention preferably comprises sodium polyacrylate particles with two or more different particle sizes. The sodium polyacrylate is a granular substance, has the characteristic of water swelling and can play a supporting role in the negative electrode material, a better network collocation system is formed by matching the sodium polyacrylates with different granularities, so that the zinc powder particles and the sodium polyacrylates with different granularities are mutually embedded together to form a state which is difficult to move, and the adding amount of electrolyte is matched, so that the problems of layering and settlement of the negative electrode material can be solved.
The sodium polyacrylate in the invention more preferably comprises two sodium polyacrylate particles with different particle sizes, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium polyacrylate particles with larger particle size to the sodium polyacrylate particles with smaller particle size is preferably (1~3): 1, more preferably (1.5 to 2.5): 1.
the sodium polyacrylate with different particle sizes is combined with the mercury-free zinc powder added with rare earth elements in complex particle shapes, so that the binding property among the components of the cathode material is improved.
The deionized water is preferably 1.8 to 2.5 parts by weight. According to the invention, the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material preferably does not contain polyacrylic acid. The layering and sedimentation problems of the negative electrode material are solved by utilizing the sodium polyacrylates with different particle sizes, so that polyacrylic acid is not added or a small amount of polyacrylic acid can be added into the negative electrode material.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material, which comprises the following steps: a) Mixing 50 to 55 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate, and stirring to obtain a mixture; b) And mixing the mixture, 23-35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2-2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, and stirring in a vacuum pumping manner to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material. The sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles containing two or more than two different granularities.
The mercury-free zinc powder, the sodium polyacrylate, the electrolyte and the deionized water are the same as above, and are not described again.
The mixing and stirring time in the step A is preferably 3 to 10min, more preferably 5 to 8min, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly.
And B, mixing the mixture, 23 to 35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2 to 2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring for 5 to 15min, preferably 8 to 12min, then stirring for 2 to 5min, preferably 3 to 4min while vacuumizing, and removing air bubbles to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material.
According to the invention, a better network collocation structure is formed through the matching of sodium polyacrylate with different particle sizes, so that mercury-free zinc powder particles and polyacrylic acid with different particle sizes are mutually embedded together, the layering and sedimentation problems of the negative electrode material are solved, only sodium polyacrylate is added as a negative electrode binder, the problem that the electrolyte is longer in stirring time or uniform negative electrode material is not easily obtained due to the larger viscosity of polyacrylic acid is solved, the preparation method is simple, the uniform negative electrode material is easily obtained, and the production efficiency of the negative electrode material of the alkaline battery is improved.
Experiments prove that compared with the preparation method of the cathode material for the mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery disclosed in the Chinese patent with the application number of CN200710133489.X, the preparation method of the cathode material for the mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery can improve the production efficiency by over 75 percent, and simultaneously can reduce equipment for preparing the cathode material matched with a battery production line, so that the capital investment is reduced by at least over 80 percent.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following describes a mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof in detail with reference to examples.
The reagents used in the following examples are commercially available, and the mercury-free zinc powder used is a cell zinc powder produced by Ningbo twin deer cell Co., ltd, which contains a rare earth element at a concentration of 200ppm.
Example 1
1.1, putting 52 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.8 part by weight of sodium polyacrylate (wherein the ratio of the sodium polyacrylate with the average particle size of 800-850 mu m to the sodium polyacrylate with the average particle size of 180-220 mu m is 1.7) into a mixer, stirring for 6min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
1.2, introducing the mixture obtained in the step 1.1 into a zinc paste mixing machine, adding 27 parts by weight of electrolyte and 2 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring for 10min, uniformly mixing, vacuumizing under the condition of stirring, and defoaming for 4min to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material. Wherein the electrolyte comprises 35wt% of potassium hydroxide, 5wt% of zinc oxide and the balance of water.
Assembling the mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material obtained in the step 1.2 into an LR20 type battery, continuously discharging 1500mA to 0.9V, and carrying out a large-current discharge performance test to obtain a curve chart, wherein the curve chart is shown as a in figure 1.
Assembling a cathode material (50 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder, 32 parts by weight of electrolyte, 3 parts by weight of deionized water, 0.3 part by weight of polyacrylic acid, 0.5 part by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 0.08 part by weight of indium oxide) containing polyacrylic acid components into an LR20 type battery, continuously discharging 1500mA to 0.9V, and carrying out a large-current discharge performance test to obtain a curve diagram, wherein the diagram is shown as b in figure 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the high-current discharge performance of the cathode material of the mercury-free alkaline battery is improved by more than 20%.
Example 2
2.1 putting 55 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder and 1.5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate (wherein the ratio of the sodium polyacrylate with the average particle size of 180-220 mu m to the sodium polyacrylate with the average particle size of 90-120 mu m is 1: 1) into a mixer, stirring for 10min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
2.2, introducing the mixture obtained in the step 2.1 into a zinc paste mixing machine, adding 35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1 part by weight of deionized water, stirring for 15min, uniformly mixing, vacuumizing under the condition of stirring, and defoaming for 5min to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material. Wherein the electrolyte comprises 34wt% of potassium hydroxide, 6wt% of zinc oxide and the balance of water.
Example 3
3.1 putting 50 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.3 part by weight of sodium polyacrylate (wherein the ratio of the sodium polyacrylate with the average grain diameter of 800-850 mu m to the sodium polyacrylate with the average grain diameter of 90-120 mu m is 3:1) into a mixer, stirring for 3min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
3.2 introducing the mixture obtained in the step 3.1 into a zinc paste mixing machine, adding 23 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1 part by weight of deionized water, stirring for 5min, uniformly mixing, vacuumizing under the condition of stirring, and defoaming for 2min to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material. Wherein the electrolyte comprises 35wt% of potassium hydroxide, 5wt% of zinc oxide and the balance of water.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A mercury-free alkaline battery anode material, comprising:
the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles containing two or more than two different granularities;
the granularity of the mercury-free zinc powder is 20-300 mu m;
the negative electrode material of the mercury-free alkaline battery does not contain polyacrylic acid.
2. The mercury-free alkaline cell anode material of claim 1, wherein the mercury-free zinc powder comprises a rare earth element.
3. The mercury-free alkaline battery anode material of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises:
30 to 42 weight percent of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide;
2-7 wt% of zinc oxide;
the balance of deionized water.
4. The mercury-free alkaline battery anode material of claim 1, wherein the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles comprising two different particle sizes.
5. The mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium polyacrylate particles with larger particle size to the sodium polyacrylate particles with smaller particle size in the two sodium polyacrylate particles with different particle sizes is (1-3): 1.
6. the preparation method of the mercury-free alkaline battery negative electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a) Mixing and stirring 50-55 parts by weight of mercury-free zinc powder and 0.3-1.5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate to obtain a mixture;
the granularity of the mercury-free zinc powder is 20-300 mu m;
b) Mixing the mixture, 23-35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2-2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, and vacuumizing and stirring to obtain a mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material; the sodium polyacrylate is sodium polyacrylate particles containing two or more than two different granularities;
the negative electrode material of the mercury-free alkaline battery does not contain polyacrylic acid.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the stirring time in the step A is 3 to 10min.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the step B is specifically:
and mixing the mixture, 23-35 parts by weight of electrolyte and 1.2-2.5 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring for 5-15 min, and then vacuumizing and stirring for 2-5 min to obtain the mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material.
CN201310024497.6A 2013-01-22 2013-01-22 Mercury-free alkaline battery cathode material and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN103078119B (en)

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CN105226233A (en) * 2015-10-21 2016-01-06 宁波倍特瑞能源科技有限公司 A kind of negative pole of alkaline dry battery and application thereof
CN105185971B (en) * 2015-10-21 2019-03-29 宁波倍特瑞能源科技有限公司 A kind of cathode of alkaline dry battery and its application
CN115000411B (en) * 2022-08-05 2022-11-15 临沂华太电池有限公司 Alkaline battery cathode material for marine environment and battery using same

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CN102569760A (en) * 2012-02-01 2012-07-11 无锡耐克赛尔电池有限公司 Mercury-free zinc paste for button alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery and preparation method thereof

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CN102358993A (en) * 2011-08-24 2012-02-22 肥城三英纤维工业有限公司 Polyester glass fiber geotextile and production method thereof

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