CN103066639B - 对功率存储装置充电的***、充电装置和方法 - Google Patents

对功率存储装置充电的***、充电装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN103066639B
CN103066639B CN201210399595.3A CN201210399595A CN103066639B CN 103066639 B CN103066639 B CN 103066639B CN 201210399595 A CN201210399595 A CN 201210399595A CN 103066639 B CN103066639 B CN 103066639B
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charging device
charging
electric current
power storage
charge parameter
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CN103066639A (zh
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C.小里弗斯
R.奈尔
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
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    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明名称为“对功率存储装置充电的***、充电装置和方法”。一种在向多个功率存储装置供给电流时使用的***，包括：第一充电装置，所述第一充电装置配置成向多个功率存储装置的第一功率存储装置供给电流。该***还包括耦合到第一充电装置以形成网络的至少一个其他充电装置。该至少一个其他充电装置配置成向多个功率存储装置的至少一个其他功率存储装置供给电流。该第一充电装置包括处理器，该处理器编程为确定所述第一充电装置是否拥有网络令牌，以及如果情况如此，则确定与所述第二充电装置关联的第二充电参数，至少部分地基于所确定的第一充电参数和第二充电参数，将电流的第二量确定为是以下至少其中之一：从所述电源接收或供给到所述第一功率存储装置。

Description

对功率存储装置充电的***、充电装置和方法
技术领域
本申请一般涉及充电装置，并且更具体地来说涉及用于对功率存储装置供给电流的***、充电装置和方法。
背景技术
随着电动车辆和/或混合电动车辆获得普及，管理对此类车辆输送电能的相关需求也在增长。此外，增加的使用此类车辆产生了提供安全且高效的充电装置或充电站的需求。
至少一些已知的充电站包括电力线缆或可以可拆卸地耦合到电动车辆的其他导体。这些充电站从电力公用设施配电网或另一个电力源接收电力，并经由电力线缆将电力输送到电动车辆。
在至少一些电力公用设施配电网中，多个充电装置从公用配电组件（如变压器）接收电力。但是，如果每个充电装置同时操作以向电动车辆供给充电电流，则供给到配电组件的电流可能超过该组件的额定电流极限。在此类情况中，配电组件可能被损坏和/或断路器或另一种保护装置可能激活而禁用对耦合到配电组件的所有充电装置供电。
至少一些已知的电动车辆（EV）充电站或其他电动车辆供电设备（EVSE）采用专用主控件来管理从一组EVSE汲取的电流，该一组EVSE连接到如公用设施配电网的相同供电源，并通过如主断路器的相同过电流保护予以保护。
此类常规主控制器或装置典型地被采用来基于EVSE连接的电源监视和控制EV充电器或EVSE能够向车辆提供的最大电流量。
当一些常规电力公用设施配电网连接到多个EVSE充电器时，尤其是在这些EVSE充电器正在实现功能以在其最大额定值下或接近其最大额定值提供充电电流时，网络无法支持所有充电器。例如，如果该组EVSE充电器超过配电网的预定电流极限，则网络中的电路保护装置可能跳闸或开启以切断至EVSE充电器的电流，从而导致没有车辆在被充电。
发明内容
多个实施例包括在无需专用主装置的情况下向多个功率存储装置供给电流时使用的***、装置和方法。多个实施例包括第一充电装置，该第一充电装置配置成向多个功率存储装置的第一功率存储装置供给电流。多个实施例还包括至少第二充电装置，至少第二充电装置耦合到第一充电装置以形成网络。第二充电装置配置成向多个功率存储装置的至少一个其他功率存储装置供给电流。第一充电装置包括处理器，该处理器编程为确定第一充电装置是否拥有网络令牌，以及如果情况如此，则确定与第二充电装置关联的第二充电参数，至少部分地基于所确定的第一充电参数和第二充电参数来将电流的第二量确定为是以下至少其中之一：从电源接收或供给到第一功率存储装置。
附图说明
现在简要地将参考附图，其中：
图1是用于对电动车辆充电的示范***的框图。
图2是可以与图1所示的***结合使用的示范充电装置的框图；
图3是可以与图1所示的***结合使用的、用于对多个电动车辆充电的示范充电***的框图；
图4是可以与图2所示的充电装置结合使用的、向功率存储装置供给电流的示范方法的流程图；
图5是可以与图2所示的充电装置结合使用的、向功率存储装置供给电流的示范方法的流程图；以及
图6是可以与图2所示的充电装置结合使用的、向功率存储装置供给电流的示范方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在一些实施例中，术语“电动车辆”一般是指包括一个或多个电动机的车辆。用于对电动机供电的能量可能来自多种源，例如但不限于，车载可充电电池和/或车载燃料电池。在一个实施例中，电动车辆是混合电动车辆，其捕获并存储通过例如刹车生成的能量。混合电动车辆使用存储在电源（如电池）中的能量，以在空载时持续运行以节约燃料。一些混合电动车辆能够通过***电力插座（如电力出口）来对电池再次充电。相应地，如本文使用的术语“电动车辆”可以是指混合电动车辆或可以例如经由电网被输送电能的任何其他车辆。
图1图示在对如电动车辆102充电或提供电力时使用的示范***100。在示范实施例中，***100包括耦合到电动车辆102的充电装置104。在一个实施例中，电动车辆102包括耦合到电机108的至少一个功率存储装置106，如电池和/或任何其他功率存储装置。在示范实施例中，电动车辆102还包括耦合到功率存储装置106的车辆控制器110。
在示范实施例中，充电装置104通过至少一个电力导管112可拆卸地耦合到功率存储装置106以及耦合到车辆控制器110。作为备选，充电装置104可以通过一个或多个任何其他导管耦合到功率存储装置106和/或车辆控制器110，和/或充电装置104可以通过无线数据链路（未示出）耦合到车辆控制器110。在示范实施例中，电力导管112包括用于向功率存储装置106和/或向电动车辆102内的任何其他组件供给电力的至少一个导体（未示出）以及用于向电动车辆102内的控制器110和/或任何其他组件传送数据以及从其接收数据的至少一个导体（未示出）。作为备选，电力导管112可以包括传送和/或接收功率和/或数据的单个导体或使***100能够如本文描述地实现功能的任何其他数量的导体。在示范实施例中，充电装置104耦合到电源114，如电力公用设施公司的电网、发电机、电池和/或向充电装置104提供电力的任何其他装置或***。
在示范实施例中，充电装置104经由网络（如因特网、局域网（LAN）、广域网（WAN）和/或使得充电装置104能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他网络或数据连接）耦合到至少一个服务器116。
在示范实施例中，服务器116通过向充电装置104传送信号与充电装置104通信，以便例如授权对功率存储装置106的电力付费和/或输送电力、访问客户信息和/或执行使***100能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他功能。
在示范实施例中，服务器116和车辆控制器110可以各包括至少一个处理器和至少一个存储器装置。这些处理器各包括任何适合的可编程电路，任何适合的可编程电路可以包括一个或多个***和微控制器、微处理器、精简指令集电路（RISC）、专用集成电路（ASIC）、可编程逻辑电路（PLC）、现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）以及能够执行本文描述的功能的任何其他电路。上文这些示例仅是示范性的，因此不应以任何形式限制术语“处理器”的定义和/或含义。这些存储器装置各包括计算机可读介质，例如而不限于，随机存取存储器（RAM）、闪速存储器、硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器、软盘、闪存驱动器、压缩盘、数字视频盘和/或使处理器能够存储、检索和/或执行指令和/或数据的任何适合存储器装置。
在示范实施例中，在操作期间，用户使用电力导管112将车辆的功率存储装置106耦合到充电装置104。在一个实施例中，电力导管112是具有一端可拆卸且与充电装置104的对应连接器电耦合的连接器的线缆。
用户可以访问充电装置104的用户接口装置（图1中未示出）以输入信息，如付费信息，和/或启动对功率存储装置106的功率输送。充电装置104配置成与服务器116通信，以便例如授权用户处理付费信息和/或准许或授权功率输送。如果充电装置104从服务器116接收到指示准许或授权对功率存储装置106输送功率的信号，则充电装置104从电源114接收电力，并经由电力导管112向功率存储装置106提供功率。充电装置104以无线方式、经由电力导管112和/或经由任何其他导管与车辆控制器110通信，以控制和/或监视对功率存储装置106的功率输送。例如，车辆控制器110向充电装置104传送信号指示功率存储装置106的充电程度和/或充电装置104要提供的期望电量和/或期望的电速率（rate ofelectricity），如最大电流电平。此外，充电装置104向车辆控制器110传送信号以指示正在输送到功率存储装置106的电量和/或电速率。作为附加或备选，充电装置104和/或车辆控制器110可以传送和/或接收使***100能够如本文描述地实现功能的任何其他信号或消息。当功率存储装置106已被充电到期望的水平时，充电装置104中止向功率存储装置106输送功率，并且用户可以从功率存储装置106断开（disengage）电力导管112。
图2是可以与（图1所示的）***100结合使用的、示范充电装置104的框图。在示范实施例中，充电装置104包括控制器200，控制器200包括处理器202和存储器装置204。正如本文更充分地描述的，控制器200耦合到网络接口206，耦合到显示器208，耦合到用户接口装置210，耦合到仪表212以及耦合到电流控制装置214。
处理器202包括任何适合的可编程电路，任何适合的可编程电路可以包括一个或多个***和微控制器、微处理器、精简指令集电路（RISC）、专用集成电路（ASIC）、可编程逻辑电路（PLC）、现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）以及能够执行本文描述的功能的任何其他电路。上文这些示例仅是示范性的，因此不应以任何形式限制术语“处理器”的定义和/或含义。存储器装置204包括非临时性计算机可读介质，例如而不限于，随机存取存储器（RAM）、闪速存储器、硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器、软盘、闪存驱动器、压缩盘、数字视频盘和/或使处理器202能够存储、检索和/或执行指令和/或数据的任何适合装置。
在示范实施例中，网络接口206在控制器200与远程装置或***之间传送和接收数据。在示范实施例中，网络接口206在通信上耦合到至少一个其他充电装置104，以使充电装置104彼此间往返传送和接收数据。在示范实施例中，网络接口206使用任何适合的数据导线管（如以太网线缆、符合建议标准（RS）485的线缆和/或使得充电装置104能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他数据导管）耦合到至少一个其他充电装置104的网络接口206。作为备选，网络接口206使用任何适合的无线协议与至少一个其他充电装置104的网络接口206以无线方式通信。
在示范实施例中，显示器208包括真空荧光显示器（VFD）和/或一个或多个发光二极管（LED）。作为附加或备选，显示器208可以包括且不限于液晶显示器（LCD）、阴极射线管（CRT）、等离子显示器和/或能够向用户显示图形数据和/或文本的任何可视输出装置。在示范实施例中，可以在显示器208上将功率存储装置106（如图1所示）的充电状态、付费信息、用户认证信息和/或任何其他信息显示给用户。
用户接口装置210包括且不限于键盘、小键盘、触摸屏、滚轮、指向装置、条形码读取器、磁卡读取器、射频识别（RFID）卡读取器、采用语音识别软件的音频输入装置和/或使用户能够将数据输入到充电装置104和/或从充电装置104检索数据的任何适合装置。在示范实施例中，用户可以操作用户接口装置210来启动和/或终止对功率存储装置106输送功率。在一个实施例中，用户可以使用用户接口装置210输入用户认证信息和/或付费信息。
在示范实施例中，电流控制装置214耦合到电力导管112和耦合到仪表212。在示范实施例中，电流控制装置214是耦合到控制器200并由控制器200控制的接触器214。在示范实施例中，控制器200操作或断开接触器214以中断流经电力导管112的电流，以使功率存储装置106不与电源114（如图1所示）电连接。控制器200还将接触器214闭合以使电流流经电力导管112、从而使功率存储装置106与电源114电连接。
仪表212耦合到电力导管112以及耦合到控制器200以便在测量和/或计算从电源114提供到功率存储装置106的电流、电压和/或功率时使用。仪表212将表示测量的电流、电压和/或功率的数据传送到控制器200。
在示范实施例中，电流保护装置216耦合到仪表212以及耦合到电源114。如果从电源114接收的电流超过预定阈值或电流极限，则电流保护装置216将充电装置104与电源114（图1）电隔离或断开。在示范实施例中，电流保护装置216是断路器。作为备选，电流保护装置216可以是保险丝、继电器和/或使得电流保护装置216能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他装置。
在示范实施例中，存储器装置204配置成存储对应充电装置104的标识号（ID）。例如，此ID可以是媒体访问控制（MAC）地址、因特网协议（IP）地址、用户指配的唯一标识符或任何其他方便的ID。
在示范实施例中，存储器装置204还配置成存储表示任何数量的充电参数的数据。这些充电参数可以包括任何期望的参数。充电参数的示例可以包括且不限于，期望的最大电流电平（例如，车辆控制器110请求的电流的量和/或速率）；最大电流设置（例如，充电装置104可以向功率存储装置106提供的最大电流）；供电电流（例如，充电装置104向功率存储装置106供给的电流的量和/或速率）；电流使用（例如，充电装置104从配电装置310汲取的当前电流电平或速率）； 充电持续时间（例如，充电装置104已对功率存储装置106充电的持续时间）； 以及充电状态（例如，充电装置104当前是否正在对功率存储装置106充电）。在一个实施例中，存储器装置204中存储的充电参数还包括与网络316（图3）中的其他充电装置104相关的或从其接收的充电参数数据。在另一个示范实施例中，存储器装置204中存储的充电参数还包括网络316的电流阈值（例如，电源114的预定阈值或电流分配极限）。
在示范实施例中，存储器装置204附加地配置成存储用于确定指配充电装置104的条件优先级的充电参数数据。条件优先级数据可以包括且不限于，充电装置104的充电参数和/或用户的身份。在一个实施例中，充电装置104的条件优先级基于预定的条件或规则来确定。例如，如果网络316（图3）中的第一充电装置104当前是第一充电功率存储装置106，并且第一充电装置104有长充电持续时间，则可以对第一充电装置104指配比网络316中具有较短充电持续时间的第二充电装置104更高的优先级。在另一个示例中，可以基于网络316的预定优先级规则，对第一预定用户操作的第一充电装置104指配比网络316（图3）中第二用户操作的另一个充电装置104指配更高的优先级。
在操作期间，使用电力导管112将电动车辆102的功率存储装置106耦合到充电装置104。在一个实施例中，用户从服务器116和/或另一个***或装置获取授权以实现充电装置104对功率存储装置106充电（即，向其提供电流）。正如本文更充分描述的，充电装置104基于预定参数确定要提供到功率存储装置106的电流的量或速率。例如，在多种实施例中，预定参数可以包括存储器204中存储的充电参数，例如但不限于，网络内的充电装置104的数量、网络316中的充电装置104的总电流使用、网络316上的一个或多个充电装置104的供电电流和/或电流使用、耦合到网络316的一个或多个功率存储装置106的最大期望电流电平、充电装置104耦合到的配电装置114的电流分配极限、或网络316上的一个或多个充电装置104的条件优先级。
图3是可以用于例如通过对每个电动车辆102的功率存储装置106对多个电动车辆102充电（均如图2所示）的示范充电***300的框图。在示范实施例中，充电***300包括多个充电装置104，如第一充电装置302、第二充电装置304、第三充电装置306和第四充电装置308。虽然图3图示四个充电装置104，但是充电***300可以按期望包括任何数量的充电装置104。
在示范实施例中，充电装置104经由相应的电力导管312耦合到公用配电装置310。在示范实施例中，配电装置310是变压器310，其将从电源114接收的配电电压调整到适于充电装置104使用的电压。作为备选，配电装置310可以是使得充电***300能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他装置。在示范实施例中，配电装置310将电流分配到每个充电装置104，直到分配的电流达到配电装置310的电流分配极限为止。例如，配电装置310可以设计或“额定”为分配预定电流量。相应地，可以将电流分配极限设为预定义电流量或低于预定义量的电流电平。如本文更充分描述的，在实施例中，每个充电装置104基于预定参数确定要从配电装置310汲取的电流的量和/或速率。例如，在多种实施例中可以作为电流分配极限、正在从其他充电装置104汲取的电流的量和/或网络内的充电装置104的数量的函数来确定充电装置104从配电装置310汲取的电流的量或速率。作为备选，将充电装置104耦合到多个配电装置310，以及每个充电装置104基于确定的参数，例如作为配电装置310的电流分配极限、从其他充电装置104汲取的电流的量和/或一个或多个网络内的充电装置104的数量的函数，确定要供给到功率存储装置106的电流的量。
在示范实施例中，充电装置104通过数据总线314一起耦合在数据通信中。更确切地来说，充电装置104通过相应的网络接口206（图2）耦合到数据总线314。在示范实施例中，数据总线314包括至少一个数据导管（未示出），如以太网线缆、符合建议标准（RS）485的线缆和/或使得数据总线314能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他数据导管。作为备选，充电装置104通过无线网络一起耦合在数据通信中。在示范实施例中，充电装置104和/或数据总线314形成对等型网络316，对等型网络316使得每个充电装置104能够与耦合到网络316的其他充电装置104交换数据而无需主控制器。作为备选，充电装置104和/或数据总线314可以形成使得充电***300能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他网络。虽然图3图示具有环形拓扑的令牌环型通信网络316，但是可设想可以采用任何期望的网络拓扑，如具有集线器的环形、星形、网格形、树形或能够执行本文描述的功能的任何其他拓扑。
参考图2和图3，在示范实施例中，网络316中的每个充电装置104的存储器装置204还配置成接收并存储网络316中的其余充电装置104的标识号（ID）。在示范实施例中，每个充电装置104向每个其他充电装置104传送至少一个请求以接收有关每个其他充电装置104的标识号（ID）的数据。在操作期间，网络316中的每个充电装置104可以将其相应存储器装置204中存储的ID传送到网络316中的其余充电装置104的每一个。
作为备选，每个充电装置可以从另一个源接收有关标识号（ID）的数据，如从远程计算机（未示出）、从耦合到网络316的充电装置104的子集和/或从使充电***300能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他源。
在操作期间，确定网络令牌331的控制。在一个实施例中，启动竞争过程，其中第一充电装置302与第二充电装置304以及网络316上的任何其他充电装置306、308协商以获取网络316的控制。例如，具有最高ID的充电装置104被指派为当前活动装置，而其余充电装置指派为待机装置。在示范实施例中，指派为当前活动装置的充电装置104生成网络令牌331。在另一个实施例中，当前生成令牌331，并将其提供到充电装置104，然后将该充电装置104指派为活动装置。在一个实施例中，当前拥有网络令牌331的充电装置104被指派为当前活动装置，而其余充电装置104指派为当前待机装置。
在预定期间之后，基于预定参数将网络令牌331从指派为当前活动装置的充电装置104传递到网络316中的下一个充电装置104。在示范实施例中，下一个充电装置104是具有始于当前活动装置的次最低ID的充电装置。当接收到令牌331时，然后又将接收令牌331的下一个充电装置104指派为当前活动装置，以及将其余充电装置104指派为当前待机装置。令牌331类似地接着又传递到网络316中的每个充电装置104。将理解，虽然图3将充电装置302图示为拥有网络令牌331，但是在操作中和如本文描述，网络令牌可能被这些充电装置104的任一个拥有，并且任何时间仅被一个充电装置104所拥有。
在一个实施例中，每个充电装置104配置成仅在该充电装置104拥有网络令牌331时才向网络316上的其余充电装置104传送充电参数数据请求。以此方式，能够避免网络316上的数据冲突。在一个实施例中，拥有网络令牌331使得被指派为当前活动装置104的充电装置能够从网络316上的其余充电装置104请求充电参数数据。拥有网络令牌331还使充电装置104能够更改任何预定参数，如最大电流设置（例如，充电装置104可以向功率存储装置106提供的最大电流）或充电装置104的当前电流使用（例如，充电装置104从配电装置310汲取的当前电流电平或速率）。
如本文更充分描述的，在示范实施例中，第一充电装置302的控制器200配置成确定装置302是否拥有网络令牌331。当确定拥有网络令牌331时，第一充电装置302的控制器200向至少第二充电装置304传送至少一个请求以接收至少第一充电参数，例如但不限于，有关至少第二充电装置302的供电电流、预期的供电电流、电流使用、预期的电流使用和条件优先级的数据。如本文所使用的，术语“供电电流”一般是指充电装置104供给的或预期要供给的电流的量或速率。如本文所使用的，术语“电流使用”一般是指至少一个充电装置104从配电装置310汲取的或预期要汲取的电流的量或速率。
每个充电装置104的控制器200配置成仅在发出对另一个充电装置104的充电参数的请求的充电装置104拥有网络令牌331时才允许传送对充电参数的该请求。从第一充电装置302接收到对充电参数的请求的每个充电装置104通过向所述第一充电装置302传送充电参数数据来予以响应。在一个实施例中，仅供给电流或预期要供给电流的充电装置104才响应充电参数数据请求。在另一个实施例中，仅正在从配电装置310接收或预期要从配电装置310接收电流的充电装置104才响应充电参数数据请求。第一充电装置302从网络316内的每个其他充电装置104接收511b充电参数数据，并将该数据存储在存储器204中。
作为备选，每个充电装置104可以从另一个源（如从远程计算机（未示出）、从耦合到网络316的充电装置104的子集和/或从使充电***300能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他源）接收充电参数数据（例如，供电电流或电流使用）。
在操作中，网络316上的每个充电装置104的控制器200确定其当前充电参数，例如，电流使用、供电电流、最大电流电平和最大电流设置。活动充电装置104还确定预定充电参数，例如，其余充电装置104的电流使用、供电电流、最大电流电平或最大电流设置。活动充电装置104传送对网络316上的其余充电装置104的充电参数数据的请求。活动充电装置104然后接收网络316上的其余充电装置104的充电参数数据，并可以将接收的充电参数数据存储在存储器204中。
活动充电装置302还确定网络充电参数数据，例如但不限于，网络的电流阈值、连接到网络316的充电装置的数量或任何其他期望的参数。例如，在实施例中，活动充电装置302确定网络316的电流阈值，并在此后确定是否超过网络的电流阈值。在一个实施例中，可以将网络充电参数数据存储在存储器204中。
在实施例中，当前指派的活动充电装置104基于预定参数（如存储在存储器204中的其余充电装置104的确定的充电参数）确定它是否应该更改其充电参数中任一个充电参数。
在另一个示范实施例中，当前指派的活动充电装置的第一充电装置302基于确定或指配的条件优先级确定它是否应该更改其充电参数中任一个充电参数，如最大电流设置。例如，被指配较低条件优先级的第一充电装置302可以配置成在第二充电装置304被指配较高优先级之前降低其最大电流电平。仅在具有较低指配的优先级的第一充电装置302将其最大电流电平降低到预定最小量时，才要求具有较高指配的优先级的第二充电装置304降低其最大电流电平。作为备选，可以对网络316使用使得***300能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他预定的条件优先级规则。
相应地，在用于将电流从至少一个电源310供给到至少一个功率存储装置106的***100的示范实施例中，第一充电装置302配置成从电源接收电流，并且配置成将电流供给到多个功率存储装置的第一功率存储装置106。至少一个第二充电装置304耦合到所述第一充电装置302以形成网络316。第二充电装置304配置成从电源310接收电流，并配置成将电流供给到多个功率存储装置的第二功率存储装置106。第一充电装置302包括第一处理器204，第一处理器204编程为确定与所述第一充电装置关联的第一充电参数，确定第一充电装置302是否拥有网络令牌331，以及如果拥有，则确定与第二充电装置304关联的第二充电参数，至少部分地基于所确定的第一充电参数和第二充电参数，将电流的第二量确定为是以下至少其中之一：从电源接收或供给到第一功率存储装置302，以及将所确定的电流的第二量实现为是以下至少其中之一：由所述第一充电装置302接收或供给到第一功率存储装置106。
图4是可以与充电装置104结合使用的、用于将电流供给到功率存储装置、如功率存储装置106（均在图1中示出）的示范方法400的流程图。在示范实施例中，方法400在存储器装置204内存储的多个指令内实施，并且至少部分地由处理器202（均在图2中示出）来执行。
在示范实施例中，被请求（例如，通过车辆控制器110）对与之耦合的功率存储装置106供给电流的充电装置104、如第一充电装置302（如图3所示）将存储器装置204初始化440。
在442处，由第一充电装置302将对ID的请求（下文称为“ID请求”）传送到网络内的至少一个其他充电装置104，网络如网络316（如图3中所示）。在一个实施例中，第一充电装置302向网络316内的每个其他充电装置104（如第二充电装置304、第三充电装置306和/或第四充电装置308）传送442 ID请求。
此后，第一充电装置302接收444和在其存储器204中存储446网络316中的其余充电装置104的标识号（ID）数据。例如，在实施例中，从第一充电装置302接收到ID请求的每个充电装置104通过向第一充电装置302传送ID数据来予以响应。第一充电装置302从网络316内的每个其他充电装置104接收444 ID数据，并存储446该接收的ID数据。
在实施例中，充电装置104还将其ID数据传送447到网络316中的其余充电装置104的每一个。例如，第一充电装置302向网络316内的每个其他充电装置104（如第二充电装置304、第三充电装置306和/或第四充电装置308）传送447其ID数据。
此后，在实施例中，网络316中的第一充电装置302确定448它是否应该生成网络令牌331。例如，在实施例中，第一充电装置302确定其存储的ID是否大于网络316中的其余充电装置104的每一个的存储的ID。如果第一充电装置302确定其ID大于网络316中的其余充电装置104的每一个的存储的ID，则充电装置302生成450网络令牌331。
如果在448处，确定第一充电装置302的ID不大于网络316中的其余充电装置104的任何一个的存储的ID，则充电装置302确定452它当前是否拥有网络令牌331。如果在452处确定第一充电装置302不拥有网络令牌331，则将其指派453为当前待机装置。
如果在450处由第一充电装置302生成网络令牌331或如果在452处确定第一充电装置302拥有网络令牌331，则在463处，将第一充电装置302指派为当前活动装置。在实施例中，如果将充电装置104指派为当前活动装置，即拥有网络令牌331，则允许该充电装置104更改任何预定参数，例如最大电流设置、供电电流或电流使用。
图5和图6是可以与充电装置104结合使用的、用于将电流供给到功率存储装置，如功率存储装置106（均在图1中示出）的示范方法500、600的流程图。在示范实施例中，方法500和600的任何一个方法在存储器装置204内存储的多个指令内实施，并且至少部分地由处理器202（均在图2中示出）来执行。
参考图5，在实施例中，当充电装置104拥有网络令牌331时，活动充电装置104确定510活动充电装置的至少第一充电参数。例如，在510a（图6）处，确定的充电参数优选地包括指示电流的第一量或速率是以下至少其中之一的数据：由活动充电装置104接收或由其供给。在实施例中，在510b（图6）处，确定的第一充电参数还可以包括任何其他期望的参数，例如最大电流设置、充电持续时间、充电状态、最小电流充电电平和条件优先级。
此后，活动充电装置104确定511至少第二充电参数，例如其余充电装置104的最大电流设置、电流使用、供电电流、充电持续时间、充电状态或任何其他期望的充电参数。在实施例中，活动充电装置104确定511存储器204中存储的其余充电装置104的充电参数。
在另一个实施例中，当充电装置302拥有网络令牌331时，它通过向其余充电装置104传送511a（图6）充电参数数据请求和从其余充电装置104接收511b（图6）第二充电参数数据来确定511其余充电装置104的充电参数。
活动充电装置104还确定513网络充电参数数据，例如但不限于，网络的电流阈值、连接到网络316的充电装置的数量或任何其他期望的预定参数。例如，在513a（图6）处，确定网络的电流阈值，并且此后在513b（图6）处，确定是否超过网络的电流阈值。在实施例中，可以将网络充电参数数据存储在存储器204中。
此后，活动充电装置104确定530要从配电装置310接收的可用的电流（下文称为“可用电流”）的量。活动充电装置104至少部分地基于确定的第一充电参数、第二充电参数和网络充电参数来确定530可用电流。
在实施例中，活动充电装置104通过将确定510、511的充电参数数据与存储器204中存储的网络316的电流阈值数据比较530a（图6），来确定530可用电流。在示范实施例中，可用电流等于配电装置310的电流分配极限减去供给到（或预期要供给到）网络316内的每个充电装置104（活动充电装置302除外）的电流之和。例如，如果配电装置310的电流分配极限是约100安培，且三个充电装置104（请求第一充电装置302除外）各从配电装置310汲取约30安培的电流，则可用电流可以确定530为约10安培。
此后，第一充电装置302基于确定的可用电流和/或最大电流电平，确定535要从配电装置310汲取或供给到第一功率存储装置106的其中之一的电流的第二量。例如，在实施例中，如果可用电流大于或等于最小电流充电电平，则第一充电装置302将电流的第二量确定535为约等于该可用电流。
在示范实施例中，最小电流充电电平是设计功率存储装置106，以从充电装置104接收和/或设计充电装置104向功率存储装置106供给的预定最小电流电平。在一个实施例中，最小电流充电电平是约6安培（A）。作为备选，最小电流充电电平可以是使方法500或600能够按本文描述的实现功能的任何其他值。但是，如果可用电流小于最小电流充电电平，则充电装置104不向功率存储装置106供给电流，直到可用电流提高到最小电流充电电平或以上为止。
此后，当前指派的活动充电装置104还可以基于预定参数（如存储在存储器204中的其余充电装置104的当前充电参数、确定的网络电流阈值、请求的电流和可用电流的至少其中之一）来确定545它是否应该调整其充电参数的任何一个充电参数，如最大电流设置。如果在545处确定需要调整预定参数，则调整这些参数570并将其存储在存储器204中。
可设想在操作中，第二确定的电流可以包括任何确定的值，包括0。此外，还可设想在操作中，可以确定545无需对充电参数的其中一个或多个充电参数进行调整。如果确定545无需调整充电参数，则在575处，指派的活动第一充电装置545将网络令牌331释放给第二充电装置。
此后，第一充电装置302实现585确定的第二电流流动。确切地来说，在实施例中，处理器202控制或闭合电流控制装置214，以将确定的第二电流实现为是以下至少其中之一：由第一充电装置302从电源310接收或供给到功率存储装置106。
第一充电装置302确定572是否完成功率存储装置106的充电（即，是否已将功率存储装置106充电到期望的电平）。如果充电完成，则方法500或600结束，并且可以将功率存储装置106与第一充电装置302解耦合。当将另一个功率存储装置106耦合到第一充电装置302和/或当第一充电装置302接收到开始对功率存储装置106充电的请求并被指派为当前活动装置时，方法500或600可以开始或重新开始。
在示范实施例中，第一充电装置302将电流的第二或修订量确定535为是以下至少其中之一：由第一充电装置302从电源310接收或供给到功率存储装置106。在一个实施例中，通过将电流分配极限除以网络316内的充电装置104（包括第一充电装置302）的数量确定535电流的第二量。在示范实施例中，将充电装置104的数量确定为正在向功率存储装置106供给电流和/或正在从配电装置310接收电流的充电装置104的数量。充电装置104的数量基于从其他充电装置104接收511b的响应来确定。在其他实施例中，作为附加或备选可以基于其他预定准则来确定充电装置104的数量。例如，如果配电装置310的电流分配极限是约100安培，且四个充电装置104（包括第一充电装置302）正在向一个或多个功率存储装置106供给电流，则第一充电装置302确定422电流的第二量约为25安培。如果电流的第二量大于可用电流（即，电流分配极限减去从分配装置310供给的或每个其他充电装置104接收的电流之和），则第一充电装置302将电流的第二量减小到可用电流。
第一充电装置302通过例如控制或闭合电流控制装置214来实现585电流的第二量流动。第一充电装置302确定572是否完成功率存储装置106的充电（即，是否已将功率存储装置106充电到期望的电平）。如果功率存储装置106的充电已完成，则可以将功率存储装置106与充电装置104解耦合。当将另一个功率存储装置106耦合到第一充电装置302和/或当第一充电装置302接收到开始对功率存储装置106充电的请求时，该方法开始。
在示范实施例中，网络316内的每个充电装置104确定要从分配装置310汲取的电流的量。通过确定535电流的第二量，实施例防止了电源310上的过载。因此，配电装置310的电流分配极限不会被超过。
正如本文描述的，提供一种鲁棒性且有效的充电装置。该充电装置包括处理器，该处理器配置成选择性地激活电流控制装置以将电流供给到电动车辆的功率存储装置。该充电装置耦合到对等网络内的至少一个其他充电装置，并且网络内的每个充电装置配置成从公用配电装置接收电流。当拥有网络令牌时，该充电装置确定网络内正在向功率存储装置供给电流的充电装置的充电参数。网络内的每个充电装置可以按照等于或小于配电装置的电流分配极限除以向功率存储装置供给和/或预期供给电流的充电装置的数量的量从分配装置汲取电流。相应地，将每个充电装置供给的电流基本平衡或均衡，并且防止充电装置超过配电装置的电流分配极限。
上文详细地描述了向功率存储装置供给电流的***、充电装置和方法的示范实施例。该***、充电装置和方法不限于本文描述的特定实施例，相反，可以将该***和/或充电装置的组件和/或该方法的步骤与本文描述的其他组件和/或步骤彼此独立且分开地来利用。例如，还可以将该充电装置与其他电力***和方法组合来使用，且该充电装置不限于仅结合本文描述的电动车辆来实施。相反，示范实施例可以结合许多其他电力***应用来实现和利用。
虽然一些附图可能示出而另一些未示出本发明的多种实施例的特定特征，但是这仅是出于方便。根据本发明的原理，附图的任何特征可以与任何其他附图的任何特征组合来引用和/或要求权利。
本书面描述使用示例来公开包括最佳模式的本发明，并还使本领域技术人员能实践本发明，包括制作和使用任何装置或***及执行任何结合的方法。本发明可取得专利的范围由权利要求定义，且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其它示例。如果此类其它示例具有与权利要求字面语言无不同的结构要素，或者如果它们包括与权利要求字面语言无实质不同的等效结构要素，则它们规定为在权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (19)

1.一种在从电源向多个功率存储装置供给电流时使用的***，所述***包括：
第一充电装置，其配置成从所述电源接收电流，且配置成将电流供给到所述多个功率存储装置的第一功率存储装置；
耦合到所述第一充电装置的电流控制装置，其配置成选择性地将电流实现为是以下至少其中之一：从所述电源接收或供给到所述第一功率存储装置；以及
耦合到所述第一充电装置以形成网络的至少一个第二充电装置，所述第二充电装置配置成从所述电源接收电流，且配置成将电流供给到所述多个功率存储装置的第二功率存储装置；
所述第一充电装置包括第一处理器，所述第一处理器编程为：
确定与所述第一充电装置关联的第一充电参数；
确定所述第一充电装置是否拥有网络令牌，以及如果情况如此，则
确定与所述第二充电装置关联的第二充电参数；
至少部分地基于所确定的第一充电参数和第二充电参数，来将电流的第二量确定为是以下至少其中之一：从所述电源接收或供给到所述第一功率存储装置；以及
将所确定的电流的第二量实现为是以下至少其中之一：由所述第一充电装置接收或供给到所述第一功率存储装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述第一处理器还编程为确定与所述网络关联的第三充电参数。
3.如权利要求1所述的***，其中当所述第二充电装置拥有所述网络令牌时，所述第一处理器还编程为响应从所述至少一个第二充电装置接收的第二充电参数数据请求，来将与所述第一充电装置关联的所述第一充电参数传送到所述至少一个第二充电装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述第一处理器编程为：如果所述电流的第二量等于或大于预定最小电流阈值，则实现所述电流的第二量。
5.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述第一充电装置配置成生成所述网络令牌。
6.如权利要求5所述的***，其中所述第一充电装置还配置成在预定期间之后将所述网络令牌提供到所述第二充电装置。
7.如权利要求1所述的***，其中与所述第一充电装置关联的所述第一充电参数包括：电流的第一量是以下至少其中之一：由所述第一充电装置接收或由所述第一充电装置供给。
8.一种用于对功率存储装置充电的充电装置，所述充电装置包括：
电流控制装置，其配置成选择性地将电流实现为是以下至少其中之一：从电源接收或供给到所述功率存储装置；
网络接口，其配置成耦合到至少一个第二充电装置以形成网络；以及
处理器，其耦合到所述电流控制装置且编程为：
确定与所述充电装置关联的第一充电参数；
确定所述充电装置是否拥有网络令牌，以及如果情况如此，则
确定与所述第二充电装置关联的第二充电参数；
至少部分地基于所述确定的第一充电参数和第二充电参数，来将电流的第二量确定为是以下至少其中之一：从所述电源接收或供给到所述功率存储装置；以及
将所确定的电流的第二量实现为是以下至少其中之一：由所述充电装置接收或供给到第一功率存储装置。
9.如权利要求8所述的充电装置，其中所述充电装置配置成耦合到配电装置，以及还配置成将电流从所述配电装置供给到所述功率存储装置。
10.如权利要求9所述的充电装置，其中当所述充电装置拥有所述网络令牌时，所述充电装置的第一处理器还编程为向所述至少一个第二充电装置传送第一充电参数数据请求，以及从所述至少一个第二充电装置接收所述充电参数数据。
11.如权利要求10所述的充电装置，其中所述第一处理器还编程为：当所述第二充电装置拥有所述网络令牌时，响应来自所述至少一个第二充电装置的第二充电参数数据请求，将与所述充电装置关联的所述第一充电参数数据传送到所述至少一个第二充电装置。
12.如权利要求10所述的充电装置，其中所述第一处理器编程还为：如果所述电流的第二量等于或大于预定最小电流阈值，则实现所述电流的第二量。
13.如权利要求10所述的充电装置，其中与所述充电装置关联的所述第一充电参数包括：电流的第一量是以下至少其中之一：由所述充电装置接收或由所述充电装置供给。
14.如权利要求10所述的充电装置，其中所述处理器还编程为通过将所述配电装置的电流分配极限除以所述网络内的充电装置的数量来确定要供给的所述电流的第二量。
15.一种向功率存储装置供给电流的方法，所述方法包括：
配置网络内的至少第一充电装置和第二充电装置数量，其中所述第一充电装置包括电流控制装置，其配置成选择性地将电流实现为是以下至少其中之一：从电源接收或供给到所述功率存储装置；
确定所述第一充电装置是否拥有网络令牌，以及如果情况如此，则
确定与所述第一充电装置关联的第一充电参数；
确定与所述第二充电装置关联的第二充电参数；
至少部分地基于所确定的第一充电参数和第二充电参数，来将电流的第二量确定为是以下至少其中之一：从所述电源接收或供给到第一功率存储装置；以及
将所确定的电流的第二量实现为是以下至少其中之一：由所述第一充电装置接收或供给到所述第一功率存储装置。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述确定与所述第二充电装置关联的第二充电参数包括：向所述第二充电装置传送第一充电参数数据请求，以及从所述第二充电装置接收所述充电参数数据。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其中与所述第一充电装置关联的所述第一充电参数包括：电流的第一量是以下至少其中之一：由所述第一充电装置接收或由所述第一充电装置供给。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：在预定期间之后将所述网络令牌提供到所述第二充电装置。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法，还包括：
在预定期间之后将所述网络令牌提供到所述第二充电装置；以及
当所述第二充电装置拥有所述网络令牌时，响应来自所述第二充电装置的第二充电参数数据请求，将与所述第一充电装置关联的所述第一充电参数数据传送到所述第二充电装置。
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