CN103053301B - Barren mountain greening technology - Google Patents
Barren mountain greening technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103053301B CN103053301B CN201210334760.7A CN201210334760A CN103053301B CN 103053301 B CN103053301 B CN 103053301B CN 201210334760 A CN201210334760 A CN 201210334760A CN 103053301 B CN103053301 B CN 103053301B
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- rock
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- barren mountain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of barren mountain greening ecological protection, relates to a rock vegetation establishment and construction technology for barren mountain rock greening and preventing water loss and soil erosion, particularly to preparation and construction process of a barren mountain rock greening material. In the early stage, the barren mountain rock greening material is a liquid-solid mixture and comprises adhesives, organic soil, foam materials, plant seeds and the like. The barren mountain rock greening material is placed on barren mountain rocks or the outer wall of a building through spray-seeding, capable of foaming at normal temperature, and finally formed into an adhesive layer, an organic soil layer, a porous foam framework for fixing the organic soil layer and plant seeds and a phytocoenosium layer. The barren mountain rock greening material is pollution-free and capable of achieving natural degradation in a certain period of time. According to the barren mountain greening technology, establishment and construction can be successfully achieved through one-time spray-seeding, the construction technology is simple, later manual maintenance is not required, and the material is environment-friendly, can be firmly adhered to rocks or the surface of the building, resist rain impact, hold moisture, retain fertilizer and be high in air permeability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to green barren hill, the ecological protection technology field of the multidisciplinary cross theories such as materialogy, agrology, botany, ecology, relate to a kind of deserted mountain rock greening solid-liquid composite material, be applicable to the deserted mountain rock vegetation build and plant technology that green barren hill, stone grow grass, prevent erosion.This kind of ecomaterial, moisture capacity, nutrient preserving capability, good air permeability, be suitable for plant growth, and have certain adhesion strength, can resist adverse circumstances, and firm attachment is at rock surface, and forms plant community, environmentally safe degradable at rock surface.
background technology:
Current external two kinds of deserted mountain vegetation planting patterns that exist: comprise and take high maintaining-wet type that the U.S. is representative sow grass seeds by duster quick grass planting technology and the high investment type-alien earth sparging guard technology that Japan is representative of take.The former initial stage planting cost is low, but herbosa maintenance cost is high, be easy to decline, and in excavation location, Freeway of Mountain Range stone matter side slope, adopt the common method of sowing grass seeds by duster can not planting plants, or easily decline after planting, its soil and slope protection ability is also extremely limited, possesses hardly function of disaster prevention.Japanese government has dropped into the possibility that a large amount of man power and materials study slope of highway sowing Forepart woody, has proposed side slope and has sowed in early days woodsization technology--alien earth sparging guard technology.The advantage of this technology is: 1. take soil structure improved addictive as breach, highway vegetation maintenance management strives for simplification.It is that bark with treated processing, fiber, health material, plant seed and a small amount of local high-quality soil mix, add nutritional agents, adhesive and soil stabilizer and make soil moved in to improve the original, by spray seeder evenly painting be sprayed on domatic on.2. due to the application of soil moved in to improve the original, for shrub and tree root provide good growth basis, can realize grass, the rational plant community proportioning of shrub, reach and build the effect that way of escape territory vegetation and natural vegetation are combined together.3. hydroseeding equipment function admirable, makes rock slope and does not have a tall and big side slope of plant growing condition may realize greening completely.4. because Bushes Roots can penetrate rock crevice, soil and slope protection effect plays than herbaceous plant and acts on more reliably, can reduce largely slope failure, and maintenance cost saving improves traffic safety.
Domestic existing technology for recovering vegetation is a kind of " domatic multiple green " technology: with professional hydroseeding equipment, by professional on the high gradient slope of destroyed vegetation (comprise slight slope, shotcrete domatic), produce soil culture medium, make side slope form plant community.
Patent of invention " plant growth soil culture medium and preparation method thereof the " (patent No.: disclose a plant growth soil culture medium 200910215993), formed by following material: clay, organic matter, vegetable fiber, stabilizing agent, an agent, fertilizer, clear water and seed; The volume ratio of its each component and medium is: clay 30%～32%; Organic 35%～38%; Vegetable fiber 19%～25%; Stabilizing agent 3%～6%; Granule agent 0.035%～0.085%; Fertilizer 2%; Clear water 36%～45%; Seed 0.9%～3.3%.The preparation method of this plant growth soil culture medium is also disclosed.This plant growth soil culture medium has stable soil aggregate, and moisture capacity, nutrient preserving capability, gas permeability are all good, is applicable to plant growth; Its preparation method novelty is convenient, low consumption can be grasped.But this technology simply sprayed soil culture medium at the steep rock surface of height in early stage, although adopt the technique for fixing that the difficulty such as several layers of wire netting are large, cost is higher, but in the process of germinateing in plant establishment, cannot overcome a large amount of losses of the soil culture medium that the factors such as rain drop erosion cause, after once sowing grass seeds by duster, still have the large-area bare rock cannot be green again.Thereby cannot be from the problem of basic solution water and soil loss, rock decay.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to be difficult on naked rock, cover, fix in order to overcome soil culture medium and plant seed etc. in prior art, cannot resist that soil culture medium that the factors such as rain drop erosion cause runs off and the shortcoming of the aspect such as vegetational type's degeneration and death, and a kind of deserted mountain rock greening technique of proposition.The invention solves and can for plant community growth on naked rock, create condition in a key technology difficult problem for the organic soil property of rock surface firm attachment and plant seed, thoroughly solved the disconnected water and soil loss of rock of massif, the problem of green barren hill.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A deserted mountain rock greening technique, comprising: a kind of preparation of green barren hill solid-liquid composite material, and the technology that this kind of material sowed grass seeds by duster on the rock of deserted mountain.A green barren hill solid-liquid composite material, it is mainly mixed by adhesive, expanded material, organic soil property, plant seed.
Described composite material is sowed grass seeds by duster on the rock of deserted mountain, after can fast foaming under normal temperature solidifying, form following greening soil layer morphosis, comprising: with mantle of rock (1) bonding organic soil layer of adhesive layer (2), organic soil layer (3), fixed support and porous foam skeleton (4) and the plant community layer (5) of plant seed
The porous foam skeleton of the described organic soil layer of fixed support is that nontoxic environmental friendliness can be decomposed the polyurethane foam material with hydrophilic absorbent of (about 20 years), and its ratio in whole greening soil layer is 5～15%.
Described greening soil layer must have enough strong bonding force and support strength to base material (the naked rock of inclined-plane or facade), to resist the impact failure of high wind and heavy rain.But the expanded material ratio that plays cementation and fixed support skeleton function in whole greening soil layer again can not be too high, to guarantee that the seed of grass or other plant must (humus soil, slow-release fertilizer, moisture and appropriate soil water-absorbing water-retaining agent, mineral matter, soil bonding agent etc.) could germinate, take root, grow up in the organic matter of q.s, reaches the object that greening covers whole naked rock.After sowing grass seeds by duster, afforesting the thickness of the layer is 10～15cm, the stretching adhesive strength 0.05～0.1MPa. to naked rock, the shear strength >=0.03MPa between greening soil layer and naked rock.
Wherein, the main component of greening in soil layer, organic soil property is that (60%～75%), slow-release fertilizer are that (5%～10%), water-loss reducer are (3%～5%), have the polyurethane foam material (5%～15%) of water absorbing and retaining properties, appropriate water and a grass seeds.
Described expanded material for one or more are synthetic, have high-hydroscopicity can number-average molecular weights at 1000～3000 polyether polyol resin, with polyisocyanates (as PAPI) and appropriate various auxiliary agents and water, after mixing, can realize fast foaming and solidify, form and play a skeleton fixation to the bonding effect of naked rock with to soil base.
Expanded material basic recipe is as follows:
Two degree of functionality polyethers: 60～30
Three-functionality-degree polyethers: 30～60
Foam stabiliser: 1～3
Composite catalyst: 0.5～1.5
Water: 2～5
Polyisocyanates: 5～10
Wherein, inventor's discovery, described number-average molecular weight is when 2000-2500, and the fixed support effect that expanded material plays is comparatively excellent.Particularly preferred, described number-average molecular weight, when 2200-2300, works the most excellent.
Wherein, described composite catalyst is the mixture of at least one amine and at least one organic tin, concrete as Dabco (triethylene diamine), N,N-Dibenzylamine, DBTL (dibutyl tin laurate), dichloride dibutyl tin, stannous octoate etc.Above-mentioned composite catalyst can obtain good effect.
Wherein, described polyisocyanates is PAPI, TDI, liquefied mdi etc., preferably PAPI.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, fastness
Adhesive layer and the rock surface of green barren hill solid-liquid composite material have certain adhesive force, in the situation that rock and ground angle are less than 60 degree, all can construct, and also can resist the severe natural environments such as rain drop erosion, and adhere to that the time is long, fastness good.
2, the successful planting of once sowing grass seeds by duster
After green barren hill solid-liquid composite material is once sowed grass seeds by duster, can in natural environment, solidify by surface drying fast foaming, form the soil environment with plant growth, the later stage does not need manual intervention.
3, construction technology is simple
Only green barren hill solid-liquid composite material need be sowed grass seeds by duster in rock surface, without fixation such as linked networks, construction technology is simple, and operating personnel are few, and large area green barren hill is applicable to having sowed grass seeds by duster.
4, the formation of lichens
Green barren hill solid-liquid composite material secretion organic acid can accelerate the process that rock decay forms soil, the final lichens that forms rock surface, lichens can be secreted lichenic acid, corrosion rock, rock surface is chapped gradually and fragmentation, by long-term slacking, form original soil, thereby create conditions for the existence of other plant.
5, stable soil structure
The soil that organic soil property that green barren hill solid-liquid composite material comprises is granular structure, the soil is porous, nutrient preserving capability, good permeability, organic-inorganic nutrient is sufficient, and beneficial bacterium is easy to survival and breeding.Compare with the soil of other structure, it is conducive to the root system of plant and the growth of plant most.
6, moisture capacity
Green barren hill solid-liquid composite material has hydrophilic radical, can absorb water in the rainy day, and water conservation, at arid weather sustainable supply plant moisture.High molecular polymer, after water suction, volume expands to some extent, and water is wrapped in and is gelatinous molecular network inside, is difficult for running off and volatilization.
7, natural degradation
The raw material multi-source of green barren hill solid-liquid composite material, in natural materials, can pass through light or biological natural degradation, nondegradable material environmentally safe under natural environment.
8, the formation of plant community
Under the effect of green barren hill solid-liquid composite material, naked rock experience lichens stage, liver moss stage, herbaceous plant stage, finally arrive shrub stage.The variation of species makes the structure of group comparatively stable, and the ability of resisting environmental change strengthens.After the degraded of green barren hill solid-liquid composite material, plant community still can continued growth on rock.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Accompanying drawing is the effect simulation drawing of green barren hill solid-liquid composite material
A green barren hill solid-liquid composite material, is the solid-liquid intermixture of bonding agent, organic soil property, plant seed, expanded material when initial, under the effect of removed-earth jet sowing machine, is evenly sprayed on the working faces such as rock or building outer wall.Adhesive linkage (2) can be attached to naked rock (1) surface, rapid surface drying under natural environment normal temperature, the mixed base of while organic soil layer (3), plant seed and expanded material, at the upper foamable reaction that occurs of adhesive linkage (2), the porous foam skeleton (4) of the maintenance of the fixing organic soil layer of formation, plant seed, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, through after a while, plant community on naked rock (5) forms, the expanded material in green barren hill solid-liquid composite material and adhesive material degraded.
Embodiment:
One, prepare material
A material is prepared: soil base (containing organic humus soil, slow-release fertilizer, appropriate water-absorbing water-retaining agent, bonding reinforcing material as vegetable fiber class etc.) adds appropriate water to stir;
B material is prepared: A material adds appropriate greening to be uniformly mixed with the seed of grass seed or other plant;
C material is prepared: special synthetic described expanded material moves in two special-purpose storage tanks of high-presure polyurethane foaming machine;
Two, pretreatment is carried out in naked rock surface before sowing grass seeds by duster
Specifically adopt giant to rinse to remove surperficial floating dust foreign material;
Three, sow grass seeds by duster for the first time
A removed-earth jet sowing machine for material, C material select suitable discharging ratio to spray in the same way naked rock with high-presure polyurethane foaming machine simultaneously, form the approximately soil base basic unit of 6～10cm, solidify 24h under natural conditions;
Four, sow grass seeds by duster for the second time
After 24h, B removed-earth jet sowing machine for material, C material select suitable discharging ratio to spray in the same way naked rock with high-presure polyurethane foaming machine simultaneously, then form the approximately soil grass-root containing grass seed of 3～5cm.
The seed germination of grass about 20 days.Due to what seed buried, be excessively deeply unfavorable for germination and emergence, the technique of therefore sowing grass seeds by duster for twice is conducive to seed sprouting, but the technique of once sowing grass seeds by duster also can realize the multiple green effect of naked rock.
Claims (1)
1. a deserted mountain rock greening method, is characterized in that:
By the method for sowing grass seeds by duster, on the rock of deserted mountain, under normal temperature, after natural foaming, form following greening soil layer morphosis, comprising: with porous foam skeleton (4) and the plant community layer (5) of mantle of rock (1) bonding adhesive layer (2), organic soil layer (3), the organic soil layer of fixed support and plant seed;
The main component ratio of wherein said greening soil layer is, organic soil layer 60%～75%, slow-release fertilizer are 5%～10%, water-loss reducer is 3%～5%, polyurethane foam material 5%～15%, appropriate water and grass seeds;
Described sowing grass seeds by duster specifically carried out according to following operation,
1) prepare material
A material is prepared: add appropriate water to stir in the soil base containing organic humus soil, slow-release fertilizer, water-loss reducer, the bonding reinforcing material of vegetable fiber class;
B material is prepared: A material adds appropriate greening to be uniformly mixed with the seed of grass seed or other plant;
C material is prepared: synthetic specially expanded material is moved in two special-purpose storage tanks of high-presure polyurethane foaming machine;
2) pretreatment is carried out in naked rock surface before sowing grass seeds by duster
Specifically adopt giant to rinse to remove surperficial floating dust foreign material;
3) sow grass seeds by duster for the first time
A removed-earth jet sowing machine for material, C material spray to naked rock with high-presure polyurethane foaming machine simultaneously in the same way to meet the condition of the main component ratio of aforesaid greening soil layer, form the soil base basic unit of 6～10cm, solidify 24h under natural conditions;
4) sow grass seeds by duster for the second time
After 24h, B removed-earth jet sowing machine for material, C material spray to naked rock with high-presure polyurethane foaming machine to meet the condition of the main component ratio of aforesaid greening soil layer, then form the soil base basic unit containing grass seed of 3～5cm in the same way;
Wherein, the number-average molecular weight of described expanded material is 2200-2300, and its concrete formula is the component that comprises following weight portion,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210334760.7A CN103053301B (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Barren mountain greening technology |
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| CN201210334760.7A CN103053301B (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Barren mountain greening technology |
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| CN103053301A CN103053301A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| CN103053301B true CN103053301B (en) | 2014-10-01 |
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| EP2730596A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-14 | Basf Se | Polyurethane soft foam materials containing plant seeds |
| CN109526292A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-03-29 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | A method of it is degenerated using moss and sowing plant in conjunction with high order granule technology prevention turf |
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| CN113529755A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-22 | 南京大源生态环境研究院有限公司 | Light plastic soft soil module and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113812283B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-02-24 | 重庆交通大学 | Rock slope greening plant growing system |
| CN113973617B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-09-27 | 中煤科工重庆设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | On-site spraying type rock slope greening plant growing system |
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