CN103039150B - A kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast - Google Patents
A kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, belongs to environmental ecology recovery technique field.Its step comprises 1) according to the landform of Tailings Dam, select nursery stock; 2) on Tailings Dam, microspecies plant hole group is dug along contour horizontal direction; 3) mixing plantation ball-plant and container seedling in microspecies plant hole group, during plantation bareroot seedling, gather the yellow soil of Tailings Dam periphery nearby, bowl-shape pad soil moved in improve the original 2 ~ 3cm in microspecies plant hole, during plantation container seedling, do not pad soil moved in improve the original in microspecies plant hole; 4) afforesting summer then, tapping weeds on the spot and be covered near microspecies plant hole; 5) between 4 ~ June in afforestation 1 ~ 2 year, arc top, standardized road arc ditch forward before every seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer application.The present invention realizes discarded tailing vegetation repair by the screening of the species of woody plant and configuration and relevant cultivation safeguard measure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental ecology recovery technique field, be specifically related to a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast.
Background technology
In mining process, field of opencast mining, refuse dump, tailingspile, subsidence area and be subject to heavy metal pollution and the soil losing economic use value is called Abandoned Land of Mine.The Mine Solid Wastes such as hillock, fly ash in electric power plant, Mine Tailings in colliery is large public hazards in mining area, has occupied a large amount of soil and has caused environmental pollution.
China has large medium-size mine more than 9000,260,000 small mines, because mining appropriation of land area is close to 40,000km
2, waste land area reaches 330km therefrom
2/ a.But the ecological environment problem caused by mining has caused the attention of various circles of society.But the research of China to Abandoned Land of Mine restoration and reconstruction lags behind developed country of Europe, the United States.To the research of Abandoned Land of Mine ecological reconstruction and Demonstration less, the research carrying out this respect not only has important scientific meaning, also to the ecotope of protection China, ensure that national economy develops in a healthy way and has important practical usage.
Metal tailings storehouse desert, land occupation condition is extremely severe, it is unfavorable for plant life and growth, the problem faced by Tailings Dam ecological reconstruction needs: the medium that (1) topsoil destruction causes shortage plant naturally to take root and to stretch, moisture lack, nutriment is not enough, toxic chemical content is too high.(2) material that there is limiting plant growth is as too high in content of beary metal, pH value is too low or salinization of soil etc.(3) nutritive element that shortage is necessary is as low in available phosphate concentration, nitrogen content is extremely low.(4) biological factor, the minimizing of biological species or forfeiture recover to bring adverse influence more to Mine Abandoned Land.
Conventional method comprises, mulching soil, and the simplest this way can solve above-mentioned faced various problems, but it costly; Other method is exactly physical treatment and chemical treatment, but this method needs to add other chemical substances in soil, likely can produce secondary pollution, and the cost of this method is also very high.
The research of current Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals focuses mostly on hyperaccumulative plant, but the super enriching plant had now found that mostly is herbaceous plant, generally all show as biomass low, poor growth, remediation efficiency is low, be difficult to form more perfect phytoremediation technology with direct large-scale application in reparation practice, and woody plant is relative to herbaceous plant, there is biomass large, the advantage of well developed root system, in the past between the more than ten years, trees attract wide attention for the feasibility of repairing by heavy-metal contaminated soil, utilize woody repairing heavy metal in soil to pollute and be considered to Low investment, sustainable and ecological sound approach.
Summary of the invention
For prior art Problems existing, the object of the invention is to design the technical scheme that a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method is fast provided.The method realizes discarded tailing vegetation repair by the screening of the species of woody plant and configuration and relevant cultivation safeguard measure.
Described a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) according to the landform of Tailings Dam, nursery stock is selected;
2) on Tailings Dam, microspecies plant hole group is dug along contour horizontal direction, the spacing of microspecies plant hole group is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, spacing between microspecies plant hole group medium and small kind of plant hole is 0.8 ~ 1.2m, and the degree of depth of microspecies plant hole is 25 ~ 35cm, width is 15 ~ 25cm, length is 15 ~ 25cm;
3) mixing plantation bareroot seedling and container seedling in microspecies plant hole group, during plantation bareroot seedling, gather the yellow soil of Tailings Dam periphery nearby, bowl-shape pad soil moved in improve the original 2 ~ 3cm in microspecies plant hole, during plantation container seedling, do not pad soil moved in improve the original in microspecies plant hole;
4) afforesting summer then, tapping weeds on the spot and cover 2 ~ 3cm near microspecies plant hole;
5) between 4 ~ June in afforestation 1 ~ 2 year, the arc ditch of arc top, standardized road dark 5 ~ 10cm forward before every seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer application 1 ~ 2 time, at every turn every mu of 10 ~ 15kg.
Described a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, it is characterized in that selecting fixed nitrogen in described step 1), impoverishment tolerant, resistance to heavy metal, the plant that germinating property is strong carries out mixed disposition, based on shrub, fill with grass to combine, evergreenly to be combined with deciduous species, shrubby flase indigo, torch tree, Chinese sumac, candleberry, arbor-vitae, Ligustrum vicaryi, photinia glabra, sweet-scented oleander, sisal hemp, Canada cercis, Quercus acutissima, sweetgum, tree-of-heaven, soapberry, safflower continues wood, Chinese pistache, arbor-vitae, Chinese ash, Qinggang, not oak, shore Eurya plant is planted in arid sand, alder, dry land willow, purple willow is planted in low-lying place.
Described a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, it is characterized in that in described step 1), nursery stock adopts root cap complete, the strong sprout of anosis worm harm, before bareroot seedling plantation, prune away impaired or rotten root system, and cut by long main root and stay 10cm, side root stays 5cm, clip needs level and smooth, and prune away whole strain plant 1/3rd blade and branch minimizing transpiration.
Described a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, it is characterized in that described step 2) spacing of medium and small kind of plant hole group is 0.9 ~ 1.1m, spacing between microspecies plant hole group medium and small kind of plant hole is 0.9 ~ 1.1m, and the degree of depth of microspecies plant hole is 28 ~ 32cm, width is 18 ~ 22cm, length is 18 ~ 22cm.
Described a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, it is characterized in that the upper surface holding container seedling soil when planting container seedling in described step 3), pour out the nursery stock in band soil gently, or scratch container and bottom with cutter, uprightly put into kind of plant hole central authorities.
Described a kind of cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, is characterized in that in described step 5), arc ditch is apart from nursery stock 20 ~ 25cm.
The present invention adopts local to fill out soil moved in improve the original, container seedling or bareroot seedling mixing plantation, the barren-resistant deciduous plant of multiple anti-pollution and evergreen plant be mixed hands over, shrub be main, fill with careless and combine, rational close planted, afforestation prevents the methods such as summer hot and dry weather then, survival rate is to more than 85% then, the plant of plantation can blossom and bear fruit normally, Tailings Dam desert can be made in 2-3 to realize basic greening and beautification, and play the ecological functions such as good soil melioration, decreasing pollution, increase bio-diversity.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the few soil moved in improve the original of microspecies plant hole is better than the mode that present mine tailing all covers more than 30cm soil, decreases a large amount of human and material resources and the expenditure of financial resources;
2, woody plant is better than herbal advantage, and this plant, relative to herbaceous plant, has that biomass is large, the advantage of well developed root system, better conserves water and soil, fixing heavy metal, antipollution diffusion;
3, the present invention with all covers or operates compared with method that the method such as chemical treatment recovers mine tailing vegetation quick, efficiently.
4, plants configuration of the present invention can increase the bio-diversity in mine tailing district in a short time, effectively improves soil environment, and view situation attractive in appearance, and the subenvironment in the existence change mine tailing district of vegetation also has an impact to the insect of local and small animal existence.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
1) according to the landform of Tailings Dam, select nursery stock: continue wood, Chinese pistache, arbor-vitae, Chinese ash, Qinggang, not oak, shore Eurya plant of shrubby flase indigo, torch tree, Chinese sumac, candleberry, arbor-vitae, Ligustrum vicaryi, photinia glabra, sweet-scented oleander, sisal hemp, Canadian cercis, Quercus acutissima, sweetgum, tree-of-heaven, soapberry, safflower is planted in arid sand, and alder, dry land willow, purple willow are planted in low-lying place; Nursery stock employing root cap is complete, the strong sprout that anosis worm endangers, and before bareroot seedling plantation, prune away impaired or rotten root system, and cut by long main root and stay 10cm, side root stays 5cm, and clip needs level and smooth, and prune away whole strain plant 1/3rd blade and branch minimizing transpiration;
2) on Tailings Dam, microspecies plant hole group is dug along contour horizontal direction, the spacing of microspecies plant hole group is 1m, spacing between microspecies plant hole group medium and small kind of plant hole is 1m, the degree of depth of microspecies plant hole is 30cm, width is 20cm, length is the microspecies plant hole that 20cm(adopts this degree of depth, width and length, and one is that table soil is slightly lower than depths content of beary metal; Two is the usage amounts reducing soil moved in improve the original); Or the spacing adopting microspecies plant hole group is 0.9m, the spacing between microspecies plant hole group medium and small kind of plant hole is 0.9m, and the degree of depth of microspecies plant hole is 28cm, width is 18cm, length is 18cm; Or the spacing adopting microspecies plant hole group is 1.1m, the spacing between microspecies plant hole group medium and small kind of plant hole is 1.1m, and the degree of depth of microspecies plant hole is 32cm, width is 22cm, length is 22cm;
3) mixing plantation ball-plant and container seedling in microspecies plant hole group, during plantation bareroot seedling, gather the yellow soil of Tailings Dam periphery nearby, bowl-shape pad soil moved in improve the original 2cm or 3cm in microspecies plant hole, during plantation container seedling, in microspecies plant hole, do not pad soil moved in improve the original (do not pad soil moved in improve the original in microspecies plant hole and save spending); Hold the upper surface of container seedling soil during plantation container seedling, pour out the nursery stock in band soil gently, or scratch container and bottom with cutter, uprightly put into kind of plant hole central authorities;
4) afforesting summer then, tap on the spot weeds cover 2cm or 3cm near microspecies plant hole, with strengthen plant resistant arid, high temperature, day burn ability;
5) between 4 ~ June in afforestation 1 ~ 2 year, the arc ditch of arc top, standardized road dark 8cm forward before every seedlings, arc ditch apart from nursery stock 20cm, 22cm or 25cm, nitrogen fertilizer application 1 ~ 2 time, at every turn every mu of 10 ~ 15kg.
Test example 1
Fuyang, Zhejiang salty health Pb-Zn tailings storehouse afforestation experiment
Area 10 mu, land occupation condition: this Tailings Dam is piled up by tailings and part slag building waste and formed, and not even a blade of grass grows, ravines and guillies criss-cross, severe water and soil erosion.CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND soil nutrient is barren, Pb, Zn, Cd content severe overweight.Torch tree, alder, sweet-scented oleander, dry land willow, shrubby flase indigo, Chinese sumac, Canadian cercis, Quercus acutissima, sweetgum, tree-of-heaven and soapberry is planted herein according to the step of embodiment.
Implementation result:
(1) plant seedlings or afforestation seeding at the Tailings Dam that heavy metal pollution is serious, 11 Plants storage rates are more than 90%, and wherein growing way better, to be injured slight be torch tree, alder, sweet-scented oleander, dry land willow, shrubby flase indigo, Chinese sumac.
(2) performance of plant corpus systemic heavy metal concentration better: root system Pb and Zn concentration are all the highest with 1803 of Canadian cercis and 2120mg/kg, and to be secondly Quercus acutissima be 1196 and 1843mg/kg; Pb concentration is the highest with Chinese sumac on the ground, is respectively 336mg/Kg; That Zn concentration is the highest on the ground is dry land willow 756mg/kg and Chinese sumac 750mg/kg, and that minimum is Canadian cercis 175mg/kg; Blade Pb and Zn concentration the highest with Chinese sumac, reach 546 and 1507mg/kg respectively.
(3) plant is done well to the gel-derived bioglass ceramic BCF of heavy metal-polluted soil and transfer ratio TF existence.Plumbous enrichment factor is the highest with Chinese sumac, sweetgum, and between 0.128-0.164, tree-of-heaven, soapberry are lower than 0.03; Zinc enrichment factor is the highest with dry land willow, Chinese sumac, 0.37-0.43, and Canadian cercis, soapberry are less than 0.13.
Plumbous transfer ratio is the highest with sweetgum, and be greater than 1.12, Chinese sumac is 0.92, but Canadian cercis, Quercus acutissima, alder, soapberry 4 seeds are only below 0.15; The transfer ratio of zinc is the highest with dry land willow, Chinese sumac, up to more than 1.46.
(4) ecological effect of Tailings Dam revegetation
Test shows, the Tailings Dam greening technique measure adopted is effective, and make barren land substantially achieve greening in 2-3, view assumes an entirely new aspect.According to observations, just there are 17 kinds of wild herbs in afforest the 2nd year plantation ditch, limit, cave, mainly Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, annual fleabane herb, Bermuda grass, long Bao Ji Limonene etc., the cover degree of the 3rd year Caulis Miscanthis floriduli reaches more than 60%, and bio-diversity significantly increases.Ground erosion gully obviously reduces.Planting site summer day ground air humidity ratio bare area improve 20-30 percentage point, temperature decline 2-5 DEG C, microclimate be improved significantly.
Test example 2:
Fuyang, Zhejiang large field Pb-Zn tailings storehouse afforestation experiment 10 mu
Area 10 mu, land occupation condition: this Tailings Dam is made up of the grains of sand completely, and physical features is smooth, does not have vegetation.Heavy metal content of Pb&Zn and salty health Tailings Dam similar.Alder, candleberry, purple willow, sweet-scented oleander, not oak, Chinese sumac, Quercus acutissima, tree-of-heaven, shore Eurya plant is planted herein according to the step of embodiment.
Above-mentioned seeds survival rate is all more than 95%, and wherein 4 species grow such as alder, candleberry, sweet-scented oleander, not oak are vigorous, and particularly what difference the leaf look of alder and candleberry and ground, pollution-free garden nursery stock do not have.Leaf look slightly yellow or the reddening such as Quercus acutissima, tree-of-heaven, purple willow, Chinese sumac.
Compare between seeds, fibrous root lead concentration reaches more than 1000mg/kg with not oak, and zinc concentration is the highest with alder, candleberry; Main root lead concentration is the highest with shore Eurya plant, purple willow, and zinc concentration is the highest with purple willow, alder; Stem lead concentration Quercus acutissima is the highest, and zinc concentration purple willow, alder are the highest; Blade lead concentration is the highest with candleberry, Chinese sumac, and not oak, Quercus acutissima are higher, and blade zinc concentration purple willow reaches 1370mg/kg.
According to absorption and the transfer characteristic of growth perfonnance and heavy metal, tentatively think, alder, candleberry, purple willow, not oak, sweet-scented oleander, Chinese sumac 6 kinds are that Pb-Zn tailings storehouse is administered and repaired seeds relatively preferably.Wherein, sweet-scented oleander absorption and accumulation heavy metal is few, but its growth is vigorous, and may there is the degeneration-resistant mechanism reducing Metal uptake and murder by poisoning, be again evergreen species, landscape value is high.
General performance, various vegetation growth state is good, can successfully survive and settle down, realize the revegetation in mine, and method is ecological recovery, cost is lower, effect tentatively reach mine vegetation reach greening, view is attractive in appearance and heavy metal is fixed and the target of decreasing pollution.
Test example 3:
Jiangxi Dexing Jinshan Gold Deposit Tailings Dam experiment on vegetation restoration demonstration forest
Area 50 mu, for experimental study heavy metal pollution material screening and greening technique, and plays an exemplary role, and it is domestic that Tailings Dam is positioned at city flower bridge town, Dexing, processes the accumulation of the mine tailing after extracting form by gold ore.The eminence grains of sand are comparatively thick, and dry, without vegetation, low-lying place has liver moss, Drilgrass, ghost to see the plants such as grass, awns, reed.Gather multiple soil to carry out analysis result and show, cadmium (Cd) average content 104mg/kg(42-342), sulphur (S) average content 1199mg/kg(94-1960), As content 599-817mg/kg, 3 equal severe overweights of index, pH8.02-8.93.Nitrogen and phosphorus serious deficiency.
Content of the test and cultivation step: plant arbor-vitae herein according to the step of embodiment, candleberry, shrubby flase indigo, Ligustrum vicaryi, Chinese ash, purple willow, sweet-scented oleander, photinia glabra, sisal hemp, safflower continue wood, sweetgum, Canadian cercis, Quercus acutissima, Chinese pistache, Qinggang.
In above-mentioned plant, arbor-vitae, candleberry, shrubby flase indigo, Ligustrum vicaryi, Chinese ash, purple willow, sweet-scented oleander, photinia glabra, sisal hemp, it is very good to show.Except test region, constitute the triangle pattern of layering in mine tailing district with continue wood, candleberry, Ligustrum vicaryi and sisal hemp of photinia glabra, safflower, the application of Landscape Trees makes the better effects if on greening of the present invention abandoned mine ground attractive in appearance.
What cadmium concentration was the highest is sweetgum, is secondly Canadian cercis, Quercus acutissima and Chinese pistache; What arsenic concentration was the highest is arbor-vitae, Chinese ash, Canadian cercis; What sulphur concentration was maximum is shrubby flase indigo, candleberry, Ligustrum vicaryi and Qinggang.Some plant grew well, internal pollution substrate concentration is also higher, and as arbor-vitae, candleberry etc., this is the performance of resistance.Other plant grows fine, and blade cadmium, arsenic pollutant levels are in very low level, and as photinia glabra, sweet-scented oleander etc., this reflects it is that these plants have another kind of resistance mechanism.
Test proof takes method and measure of the present invention, desert can be made to realize basic greening and beautification, and play the ecological functions such as good soil melioration, decreasing pollution, increase bio-diversity in 2-3.This is a set of quick, efficient, cheap, practical discarded tailing storehouse technology for recovering vegetation method.
Claims (1)
1. a cost effective discarded tailing vegetation repair method fast, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) according to the landform of Tailings Dam, select nursery stock, select fixed nitrogen, impoverishment tolerant, resistance to heavy metal, the plant that germinating property is strong carries out mixed disposition, based on shrub, fill with grass to combine, evergreenly to be combined with deciduous species, shrubby flase indigo, torch tree, Chinese sumac, candleberry, arbor-vitae, Ligustrum vicaryi, photinia glabra, sweet-scented oleander, sisal hemp, Canada cercis, Quercus acutissima, sweetgum, tree-of-heaven, soapberry, safflower continues wood, Chinese pistache, arbor-vitae, Chinese ash, Qinggang, not oak, shore Eurya plant is planted in arid sand, alder, dry land willow, purple willow is planted in low-lying place, nursery stock adopts root cap complete, the strong sprout of anosis worm harm, before bareroot seedling plantation, prune away impaired or rotten root system, long main root is cut and stays 10cm, side root stays 5cm, clip needs level and smooth, prune away whole strain plant 1/3rd blade and branch minimizing transpiration,
2) on Tailings Dam, microspecies plant hole group is dug along contour horizontal direction, the spacing of microspecies plant hole group is 0.9 ~ 1.1m, spacing between microspecies plant hole group medium and small kind of plant hole is 0.9 ~ 1.1m, and the degree of depth of microspecies plant hole is 28 ~ 32cm, width is 18 ~ 22cm, length is 18 ~ 22cm;
3) mixing plantation bareroot seedling and container seedling in microspecies plant hole group, during plantation bareroot seedling, gather the yellow soil of Tailings Dam periphery nearby, bowl-shape pad soil moved in improve the original 2 ~ 3cm in microspecies plant hole, during plantation container seedling, does not pad soil moved in improve the original in microspecies plant hole, hold the upper surface of container seedling soil, pour out the nursery stock in band soil gently, or scratch container and bottom with cutter, uprightly put into kind of plant hole central authorities;
4) afforesting summer then, tapping weeds on the spot and cover 2 ~ 3cm near microspecies plant hole;
5) between 4 ~ June in afforestation 1 ~ 2 year, the arc ditch of arc top, standardized road dark 5 ~ 10cm forward before every seedlings, arc ditch apart from nursery stock 20 ~ 25cm, nitrogen fertilizer application 1 ~ 2 time, at every turn every mu of 10 ~ 15kg.
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| CN105210773A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-01-06 | 大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院 | A kind of cold temperate regions gold dust abandoned mine land ecological recovery method |
| CN105499261B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2019-02-05 | 浙江红叶园艺有限公司 | A kind of photinia glabra that improves is to the processing method of heavy metal pollution of soil remediation efficiency |
| CN109287182B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-12-31 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Method for recovering vegetation in copper ore waste land |
| CN111527969A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 北京农学院 | Tailing pond greening method |
| CN112400623B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-09-13 | 中煤科工集团北京土地整治与生态修复科技研究院有限公司 | Method for ecologically restoring mining area in ecologically vulnerable area lacking foreign soil and layered structure |
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